Health Care Management

This report assesses 8 sites within the Bendigo hospital grounds which have potential heritage significance, as indicated by the Bendigo Heritage Advisor, Andrew Ward 12.8.93. To properly assess these sites, the historical development of the complex has been examined and brief inspections made of each of the eight sites. The sites are:
1.Fence
2.Holmes Fountain
3. Oak avenue on drive
4. Laboratory and clinic, Arnold Street
5. Bowen Wing
6. former Morgue
7.Modesty House (servants wing)
8. Engineering services building (laundry)
Site
The Bendigo Base Hospital at Lucan Street, Bendigo comprises an area of approximately 10 acres. The hospital buildings are bounded by Stewart, Arnold, Lucan and Bayne Streets. The main entrance to the site is from Lucan Street and access is also available from entries on Bayne, Stewart and Arnold Streets.

Background: A Community of Practice (CoP) is a professional learning and development approach that facilitates knowledge sharing, skill enhancement, and collaboration among individuals within the same profession. It is typically structured around regular meetings focused on achieving a shared professional goal. Objective: This action research project aimed to develop and evaluate a virtual CoP based on Lave and Wenger's situated learning theory. The initiative focused on enhancing research knowledge and skills among nurses working across various healthcare facilities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: The project followed the four stages of action research: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. A framework was designed and applied to guide the structure and activities of the virtual research CoP. Data collection took place between January 2023 and February 2024. Results: The findings demonstrated that participation in the CoP positively impacted members' research knowledge, skills, and practice. The virtual CoP framework is recommended for use by nurses, other healthcare professionals, and practitioners in diverse fields requiring complex knowledge and skills. Key

Background: Journal clubs (JCs) are widely used to enhance nurses' knowledge, promote evidence-based practice, and support professional development. However, in many clinical settings, JCs lack structured implementation and rigorous evaluation, especially in large, dispersed healthcare systems. Objective: To implement a structured journal club framework among nurses in a major healthcare organization and evaluate its effectiveness in improving knowledge, research engagement, and professional satisfaction. Methods: An action research design was conducted from September 2023 to June 2024 within Abu Dhabi Health Service Company (SEHA), the largest healthcare provider in the UAE. Eight JC meetings were held virtually. Attendance records showed that 551 nurses participated at least once, with a total attendance frequency of 827. For evaluation, 55 nurses who attended at least three meetings were invited to complete a mixed-methods survey, of whom 34 responded (62% response rate). Quantitative data were analyzed for reliability, validity, and correlation using Cronbach's alpha, the Shapiro-Wilk test, and Kendall's tau. Qualitative responses (n = 31) were thematically analyzed.

Albeit the potent association between nutrition and health has been repeatedly corroborated in the field of nutrition science through evidence-based approaches, the prevalence of inadequate nutrition among Filipino households is still too high. Therefore, the goal of this study was to pinpoint nutrition challenges faced by Filipino young adults and evaluate whether a personalized nutrition knowledgebased system is a potential nutrition intervention tool. A mixed-methods needs analysis approach was operated to arrive at a panoramic profile of a nutrition knowledge-based system through the participation of respondents in an online survey (n = 85) and focus groups (n = 4). The assessment was grounded from the influencing factors of health and nutritional status such as food selection, nutrition barriers, poor eating habits, nutrition knowledge, and with the inclusion of nutrition application for technical feedback. The findings exploited the fact that people do not track what they eat,...

Talasemia merupakan salah satu penyakit kronis sehingga membutuhkan perawatan khusus. Talasemia merupakan penyakit genetik sehingga hal ini menyerang balita dan anak-anak. Talasemia merupakan Penyakit kelainan darah yang menyebabkan sel darah (hemoglobin) merah cepat hancur sehingga usia sel-sel darah menjadi lebih pendek dan tubuh kekurangan darah. Ada tiga pengobatan yang paling sering digunakan oleh dokter. Ketiganya itu antara lain transfusi darah, terapi iron chelation, dan supleman asam folat. Selama menjalani masa perawatannya, penderita talasemia seringkali didampingi oleh orangtua dan yang paling sering adalah ibu. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti tentang pemaknaan Ibu terhadap penyakit talasemia, dan Bagaimana sikap ibu terhadap penyakit talasemia yang diderita oleh anaknya berdasarkan komunikasi intrapersonal. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa talasemia merupakan cobaan/ujian dari Allah. Penyikapan terhadap anaknya yang menderita talasemia didasarkan secara positif dan negatif.

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) 2015 Study GBD 2015 DALYs and HALE Collaborators Summary Background Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) provide comparable summary measures of health across geography and time that can inform macro-level assessments of epidemiological patterns and health system performance, help prioritise investments in research and development, and monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We used Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2015 Study (GBD 2015) results on allcause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and nonfatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost (YLLs) and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for each geography, age group, sex, and year. We then estimated HALE using the Sullivan method, which draws from age-specific death rates and YLDs per capita. We assessed how observed levels of DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends as related to Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator constructed using measures of income per capita, average years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Health is improving globally, but this means more populations are spending more time with functional health loss-an absolute expansion of morbidity. The proportion of life spent in ill health decreases somewhat with increasing SDI-a relative compression of morbidity-which supports continued efforts to elevate personal income, improve education, and limit fertility. Our analysis of DALYs, HALE, and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework on which to benchmark geography-specific health performance and SDG progress. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform financial and research investments, prevention efforts, health policies, and health system improvement initiatives for all countries along the development continuum. Evidence before this study Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), a summary measure of population health based on estimates of premature mortality and nonfatal health loss, originated from the initial Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in 1993. DALYs, in combination with other summary measures such as healthy life expectancy (HALE), offer relatively simple yet powerful metrics against which progress and challenges in improving disease burden and extending healthy lifespans can be effectively monitored over time. Published in 2012, GBD 2010 provided updated estimates of DALYs due to 291 causes and HALE in 187 countries from 1990 to 2010. GBD 2013 extended this time series to 2013, 188 countries, and 306 causes. Novel analyses for quantifying epidemiologic transitions were introduced as part of GBD 2013, enabling a comparison of shifts in years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) with increasing levels of development. The World Health Organization (WHO) has produced estimates of DALYs and HALE largely based off GBD 2010 and GBD 2013; however, modifications were implemented for a subset of causes, disability weights, and countries, and a normative life table of 91.9 years at birth was used for calculating YLLs.

Partindo-se da complexidade do conceito de saúde, o capítulo aborda a sua universalidade, imaterialidade, indivisibilidade e inapropriabilidade, e as implicações dessas características para as práticas de saúde pública, independentemente de como é concebida em diferentes contextos, distingue problema de saúde de problema de saúde pública, distingue assistência e atenção à saúde, conceitua vigilância em saúde e programas de saúde, bem como os níveis de atenção à saúde e conclui problematizando as relações público-privado na saúde pública contemporânea, à luz das mitologias grego e romana, enfatizando os papeis de Higeia, Panaceia e da deusa Salus.

Providing an effective education by healthcare workers is very important in improving the quality of health services and patients' lives. Effective education faces a variety of challenges, which results in the low productivity of experienced health care providers. The aim of this study was to explain the experiences of health care providers about barriers of client education in Ghaemshahr health centers. Method: This qualitative research was conducted by content analysis method in Ghaemshahr healthcare centers. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews through focus group discussion and individual interviews with 20 healthcare staff that were selected by purposive and theoretical sampling. Data were analyzed and interpreted using conventional content analysis with Lundman and Graneheim technique. Results: After data analysis, 4 main themes and 15 subthemes were extracted. The main themes include structural challenges, inappropriate working conditions, lack of integrated professional knowledge, and inefficient teaching methods. Conclusion: Structural barriers are the main obstacle for providing an effective education by healthcare workers. Also, there is not a context for proper training, and despite many efforts, staff are incapable of providing an effective education. Educational policies need to be changed and client education whould be provided with higher quality and more effectively by employing expert forces and putting aside big challenges.

As a result of what happened to the world during the past and current year of the spread of the Covid-19 epidemic, it was necessary to have a reliable health care system for remote observation, especially in care homes for the elderly. There are many research works have been done in this field, but still have limitations in terms of latency, security, response delay, and long execution times. To remove these limitations, this paper introduces a Smart Healthcare Framework called Remote in-Home Health Monitoring (RHHM), which provides architecture and functionalities in order to facilitate the control of patients' conditions when they are at home. The framework exploits the benefits of fog layers with high-level services such as local storage, local real-time data processing, and embedded data mining for taking responsibility for handling some burdens of the sensor network and the cloud and to become a decision maker. In addition to, it incorporates camera with body sensors in diagnosis for more reliability and efficiency with privacy preserving. The performance of the proposed framework was evaluated using the popular iFogSim toolkit. The results show the proposed system's ability to reduce latency, energy consumption, network communications, and overall response time. The efforts of this work will help support the overall goal to establish a high performance, secured and reliable smart Healthcare system.

Nel complesso sono buoni i risultati della qualità dell’assistenza oncologica in  Italia testimoniati anche da un numero di anni potenziali persi che è del 15%  inferiore alla media europea.
Questi risultati sono però migliorabili perché gli aspetti organizzativi e
procedurali che determinano la qualità dell’assistenza denotano delle criticità superabili caratterizzate da ritardi o attuazioni non generalizzate o a macchia  di leopardo di disposizioni nazionali.

Los resultados, interpretaciones y conclusiones expresados aquí son los del(los) autor(es) y no reflejan ne-cesariamente las opiniones de los directores del Banco Mundial, o de los gobiernos que ellos representan. El Banco Mundial no garantiza la exactitud de los datos incluidos en este trabajo. Las fronteras, los colores, los nombres y otra información expuesta en cualquier mapa de este volumen no denotan, por parte del Banco, juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica de ninguno de los territorios, ni aprobación o aceptación de tales fronteras. This work was originally published by the World Bank in English as A Practical Approach to Pharmaceutical Policy in 2010. This Spanish translation was arranged by Mayol Ediciones. Mayol Ediciones is responsible for the quality of the translation. In case of any discrepancies the original language will govern. Publicado originalmente en inglés por el Banco Mundial como A Practical Approach to Pharmaceutical Policy en el 2010. La traducción al...

Africa has the world's largest tribal population density. These tribal people (also known as ethnic groups in some countries) have a strong traditional knowledge system. Eritrea, a small country in eastern Africa (sometimes known as the Horn of Africa), has a wealthy traditional knowledge system, particularly in terms of traditional healthcare practices. Rural and folk people living in the country's most distant areas, who are less exposed to contemporary healthcare facilities, are nevertheless passing down traditional healthcare knowledge and relying on it to treat various diseases by utilising their local ecosystem or resources. The people of Segheneyti have indeed very rich ethnomedical practices, especially herbal medicines. This research paper discusses the commonly and usually practised indigenous plants, like Ere'e (Aloe Camperi), Tbishnay (Cadaba farinosa), and Mezeguf (Meriandra bengalensis), and their way of preparation, the system of healing, place of origin, period of growth, and the different human ailments treated by the traditional medicines. Hence, the present research aims to document the wealth of indigenous knowledge and understand the corresponding drivers of this knowledge related to the utilisation, management and conservation of medicinal plants used to treat human ailments in Segheneyti. Due to the impact of globalisation, colonisation and other factors, this traditional knowledge system is changing rapidly, and the present generations are hardly interested in learning and continuing this rich traditional knowledge system. In this paper, an attempt has been made to document the traditional healthcare practices of a specific area of Segheneyti before they are washed away completely; otherwise, people of our next generation will say how shortsighted we are.

Bu çalışmada, Pozitif Psikoloji 2.0 (PP 2.0) kuramsal çerçevesi doğrultusunda geliştirilen Olgun Mutluluk Ölçeğinin (Mature Happiness Scale-Revised) Türkçeye uyarlanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, ölçeğin dilsel eşdeğerliliğini ve yapısal geçerlik ile iç güvenilirlik düzeylerini test etmeyi hedeflemiştir. Ölçeğin Türkçe formunun geçerliği ve güvenilirliği, İstanbul’da farklı sektörlerde çalışan 303 beyaz yakalı çalışandan elde edilen verilerle analiz edilmiştir. Dilsel eşdeğerlilik kapsamında İngilizce ve Türkçe formlar arasında madde düzeyinde orta-yüksek korelasyonlar (0,504 – 0,768) ve toplam puan düzeyinde çok yüksek korelasyon katsayısı (r = 0,990) bulunmuştur. Yapısal geçerlik için yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA), ölçeğin tek boyutlu modelinin CFI (0,972), GFI (0,974), AGFI (0,944) ve RMSEA (0,064) gibi iyi uyum indeksleri ile desteklendiğini göstermiştir. Ölçeğin iç güvenilirliği Cronbach Alfa katsayısı ile (0,797) “iyi” düzeyde bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, Olgun Mutluluk Ölçeğinin Türkçe formu hem teorik hem de psikometrik olarak geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu ölçeğin, Türk kültüründe bireylerin psikolojik iyi oluşunu ve pozitif psikoloji araştırmalarını destekleyecek önemli bir araç olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Moisture-induced mold is a significant threat to the public health
and economic challenge in Europe and the USA. The widespread
mold problems caused by moisture emphasize the need for
effective moisture control and building maintenance to reduce the
mold-associated health risk. A leading cause is moisture intrusion.
Identifying visible and hidden indoor mold is crucial for assessing
health risks and planning effective remediation. Methods for indoor
mold detection are inspection, air sampling, surface and bulk
sampling, measuring volatile organic compounds, airborne enzyme
activity, molecular techniques. Each method has its strengths and
limitations. Combining different approaches is necessary. Indoor
dampness and mold pose significant health risks – respiratory
issues, asthma and allergic symptoms, and adverse mental health.
Epidemiological studies have established a strong association
between indoor mold exposure and respiratory infections, allergic
rhinitis and conjunctivitis, asthma exacerbation, hypersensitivity
pneumonitis, and aspergillosis. Laboratory tests for diagnosing
indoor mold-associated disease should be interpreted cautiously
alongside clinical symptoms, environmental exposure history and
other diagnostic findings. There are reports on the significance of
mycotoxins produced by indoor molds and possible health effects.
Identifying the specific types of indoor mold may be essential for
assessing potential health risks, implementing effective remediation
and preventing future mold growth. Various health authorities
implemented preventive measures and legal frameworks to
mitigate associated diseases. However, inconsistent enforcement of
guidelines, missing standards and federal regulations, insufficient
public awareness and variability in medical education are challenges
for public health authorities. Local state health authorities are tasked
to conduct thorough investigations whenever there is a suspicion
of mold contamination in medical facilities and may enforce
remediation. Mold prevention failures stem from the disregard of
standards, regulations, and guidelines by healthcare professionals
in state healthcare institutions and industries, as well as real estate
shortcomings in the construction and maintenance of buildings.
Legal action may arise when indoor mold results in health problems
and property damage, and court experts get involved. Healthcare and
construction professionals and court experts may face challenges
in the case of a lack of impartiality, insufficient expertise, biased
opinion, misinterpretation of evidence, and flawed assessment. A
conflict of interest may exist when court experts have financial,
professional, or personal ties to the parties. Identifying and resolving
these conflicts is vital to maintaining fairness in legal proceedings.
Nondisclosure of conflict of interest upholds the justice system's
integrity. In summary, protection against indoor moisture and mold
is limited. Despite numerous expert reports on moisture and mold
caused by construction and maintenance defects, the protective
measures stipulated in the guidelines and standards may not be
observed without the necessary sanctions.

Günümüzde organizasyonların başarısı genellikle orada görev yapan insan kaynağının çalışmalarıyla doğru orantılı olarak artmakta veya azalmaktadır. Dolayısıyla organizasyonlar hem kendilerinin hem de çalışanlarının performanslarını değerlendirme yoluna girmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sağlık kurumlarında performans değerleme hakkında bilgi sunulması ve Türkiye'deki sağlık çalışanlarının ülkelerindeki performansa dayalı ücret uygulamasına ilişkin görüşlerini içeren araştırmaların incelenerek değerlendirilmesidir. Yöntem: Çalışmada, öncelikle performans ve performans değerlemesi kavramlarına değinilmiştir. Sonra sırasıyla sağlık kurumlarında performans değerleme yöntemlerinden kısaca bahsedilip sağlık kurumlarında performansa dayalı ek ücret uygulaması ele alınmıştır. Sağlık çalışanlarının performansa dayalı ücrete ilişkin görüşlerini analiz eden çalışmalar (2004-2019 yılları arasında Ulusal Tez Merkezi'nin, Google Akademik'in ve DergiPark'ın elektronik veri tabanından çevrim içi olarak erişilebilen kaynaklar) incelenmiş ve bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Performansa dayalı ödeme sisteminin, ücret adaletsizliğine sebep olmayacak şekilde,çalışanların katkısının karşılığını veren ve hastaların memnun kalacağı bir yöntem olarak düzenlenmesi gerekmektedir. Özgünlük: Bu çalışma, günümüzde sağlık kurumlarında uygulanan performansa dayalı ücret uygulaması hakkında sağlık çalışanlarının düşüncelerini derlemesi ve performansa dayalı ödeme sisteminin hastalar, ülke ekonomisi ve sağlık hizmetleri açısından değerlendirilmesi yönüyle diğer çalışmalardan farklılık arz etmektedir.

Amac: Bu calisma tuketicilerin jeotermal enerji kullanimi ile ilgili memnuniyet duzeyleri ve etkili faktorlerin belirlenmesi amaciyla yapilmistir. Disiplinlerarasi bir calisma alani olan jeotermal enerji uygulamalarinda literaturde pek cok calisma olmasina ragmen jeotermal enerji kullanan musteri memnuniyetinin olculmesine yonelik calismalar yok denecek kadar azdir. Yontem: Bu amacla Turkiye’de, Kutahya ili, Citgol Belde sinirlari icerisinde jeotermal hizmet alan abone ile yuzyuze anket yolu veri toplanmistir. Toplanan veriler veriler IBM SPSS Statistics Versiyon24 kullanarak guvenilirlik analizine tabi tutulmus ve Cronbach's Alpha degeri 0,713 cikmistir. Bulgular: Olcegin faktor analizine uygun olup olmadigini anlamak icin Kaiser-Meyer-Orkin testi yapilip KMO degeri % 58 bulunmustur. Bu da olcegin faktor analizine uygun oldugunu gostermektedir. Yapilan faktor analizinde olcekten 5 adet faktor bulundugu tespit edilmis, tespit edilen faktorler olcegin varyansinin % 74’sini yansit...

Network security has remained a major concern especially in the modern world where technological advancement is rapidly evolving. This study explores the concept of data and information security especially in today's environment where cyber risks like malware, phishing, DDoS, and insider threats are rampant. It covers the fundamentals of the network's security measures such as Firewall, IDS, Encryption, Access control, VPNs, and Security Auditing & Monitoring. A qualitative analysis of secondary data and case studies such as the Equifax data breach and the Yahoo data hack is used to assess the effectiveness of these security measures in the real world. Regulatory compliance is also encouraged through the use of standards like GDPR, PCI DSS, and HIPAA to ensure that companies meet the set requirements; failing to do so attracts fines, lawsuits, or loss of reputation among other consequences. Measures like regular software updates and patching, secure user authentication, network segmentation and security consciousness among the workers should be adopted. These are important in avoiding risk occurrences, minimizing threats and providing a hardy protection for new risks. This will be a detailed step by step guide to help organizations improve their network security, manage compliance and data protection in the interconnected world of today, with a focus on the importance of strong network protection in ensuring data integrity and trust.

Patient punctuality significantly impacts resource utilization and patient waiting times, among other quality indicators, within psychiatry clinics. In pursuit of service improvement, this study endeavors to develop effective appointment scheduling systems that optimally distribute patients' needs during clinical sessions, thereby enhancing resource utilization and patient satisfaction. In developing these scheduling rules, three patient-related uncertainties are considered: preference, availability, and punctuality. Various scheduling rules are evaluated based on their average total cost under different scenarios. The HSBGDM rules have emerged as a balanced approach for clinic operations, effectively managing physician time but occasionally leading to overtime variations. Increased patient delays often exacerbate physician idle times, particularly under IBVST and VBVST rules. Hybrid rules, such as the HSBGDM series, adapt well, improving patient wait times and managing unscheduled patients. However, scheduling systems like REPDM may prolong waits, potentially impacting patient satisfaction. Systems prioritizing new appointments can increase physician idle times due to unpredictability. While accommodating unscheduled patients enhances service quality, it may also cause disruptions. This study provides valuable insights into scheduling dynamics, assisting administrators in balancing efficiency, cost, and patient satisfaction.

Background: Patients' education, their knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors, their perception of the benefits and potential risks of treatment, and their active participation in treatment decisions have been found to affect their adherence with treatment recommendations. Nurses play an important role in helping patients modify unhealthy lifestyles and behaviors, but they do not always routinely advise their hypertensive patients to change their behavior. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of counseling on patients' adherence regarding anti hypertensive therapeutic regimen. Design of this study was a quasi- experimental research design. Setting: This study was conducted at Cardiac Outpatient Clinic in Ain Shams University Hospital. Subjects: A purposive sample of 60 patients was included in the study with essential and secondary hypertension. Tools: Patient interview questionnaire sheet, Patient's adherence assessment sheets as Morisky M...

Summary Objectives: Summarize current excellent research and trends in the field of Health and Clinical Management. Method: Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2013. Results: Five papers from international peer-reviewed journals have been selected for the section of Health and Clinical Management. Conclusions: The selected articles illustrate current research regarding the Health and Clinical Management and showed that it is impacted by the importance of personalizing the care and integrating the use of mobile and connected technologies.

Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension is causing striking maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity both in developed and developing countries. It represents the most common medical complications of pregnancy with a reported incidence between 5 and 10%. Therefore this study was conducted to investigate determinants of pregnancy-induced hypertension for evidence based public health intervention based on local context. Objective: To assess factors associated with hypertension during pregnancy in Derashe Woreda. Methods: Institutional based unmatched case control study was conducted among pregnant women who have anti natal follow up in Public Health facility of Dirashe Woreda from January 1 to February 30, 2015. A cluster sampling method was employed to recruit 117 cases (pregnancy induced hypertension mothers) and 349 controls of pregnant mothers in five public health facility based on proportional to population size allocation. Multi variable logistic regression analy...

Infrared thermal camera is an alternative and non-invasive method used to identify various physiological and pathological process related to body surface temperature changes.  The aim of this research was to study the body surface temperature pattern based on the observed regios. Three horses were randomly selected as animal experiments. Thermal image data was collected at 17.00 – 19.00 WIB for five days. Images were retrieved from seven regios: head, thorax, abdomen, and four lower legs. The result of horse A’s surface temperature in five days on head, thorax, abdomen, front left leg, front right leg, rear left leg, and rear right leg regios were 33.42, 33.49, 33.56, 31.30, 31.48, 31. 33.14, 31.34 °C, respectively. The resulf of horse B’s surface tempereture were 33.55, 33.65, 33.64, 31.45, 31.35, 31.53, 31.48 °C, respectively. The resulf of horse C’s surface tempereture were 33.45, 33.55, 33.60, 31.37, 31.45, 31.34, 31.42 °C, respectively. The result showed that difference on hors...

In today's world, the number of diseases like covid 19, pneumonia is increasing due to ignorance, lethargy, and some medication non-adherence of the individuals. So, there is a need to monitor the vitals of an individual. Especially elder patients are greatly affected because of their age-related complications like Diabetes, Hypertension, or Hypotension. The most common vitals that have to be noticed are heart rate, body temperature and respiratory rate. But the existing techniques proposed either a health monitoring system or pill dispenser. The de-merits of these techniques are the patients have to afford two different systems to take care of their health. So, therefore in this paper, we've discussed a solution to this by proposing an idea of a wearable Health monitoring system along with a Smart pill dispenser box. Therefore, the goal of this survey is to evaluate the different methods of monitoring systems using the technology used and to compare its merits and demerits to help the upcoming researchers to make a system as per the need to overcome the coercions in the existing systems.

Background: Considering the effect of human right observance on patients' satisfaction from the treatment process, in Iran the Patient Rights Charter (PRC) was developed by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) in 2001 and enforced to all hospitals across the country. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate patients' awareness of their rights based on PRC in two tertiary teaching hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) in Iran. Methods: Current study was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical survey. The research sample consisted of 200 inpatients and data were gathered through questionnaires filled out during the interview. The rate of awareness of patients was measured on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 4. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. Data were analysed by descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: In 30.5% of cases, the total awareness of patients was weak, in 59.4% was moderate, and in 10.1% of them was good. The most awareness was about trust and assurance to confidentiality of treatment team, and the least was about providing sufficient information about treatment options and their complications. There was a significant relationship between educational level and the place of residency with patients' awareness (P<0.001). Total awareness of patients from their rights was medium. Although compared to similar studies this rate was not unsatisfactory, attempts should be made to improve it. Health care organizations are to deliver PRC to patients and make sure they have proper information about their rights. Assuring observance of patients' rights requires not only informing healthcare policy makers and providers, but also educating citizens about what they must expect from their governments and health care providers. This will consequently improve the quality of services. Establishment of Patient Right Committee for supervision and monitoring of informing and observance of patients' rights is also recommended.

IoT technology has emerged as a valuable tool in modern healthcare, providing real-time monitoring of patients, effective management of healthcare, and proper administration of patient information. The proposed system aims to develop a system that can prevent backward blood flow from stopping saline fluid, as well as monitor the temperature, heart rate, and oxygen level of patients by using multiple sensors like weight, temperature and heart rate, etc. Additionally, the proposed system can monitor the room temperature and humidity for contributing to the patient's overall comfort. In emergency situations, it includes an emergency push button for quick alert medical staff and initiates timely interventions. It is designed to support nurses and doctors in monitoring patients and providing timely interventions to prevent complications.

Problem Statement: Studies show that wellness is closely associated with individual life style. Thus, any efforts toward improving wellness should target aspects of a person’s life style. A means of assessing holistic wellness is needed to design programs that increase individuals’/clients’ health and wellness and to develop psychological counseling approaches. In other words, a valid and reliable measurement instrument is required. Recent years have witnessed the development of a great number of models of wellness and of a variety of measurement instruments. In Turkey, however, there are few studies on this subject. Purpose of Study: The purpose of this study was to adapt the Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle (WEL) scale to Turkish. The WEL–TJ form of the scale was applied. Methods: The study sample consisted of 425 students (232 female; 193 male) from a university in Ankara, aged between 18 and 29 years ( x =21.4; SD = 1.74). We performed explanatory factor analysis, to examine bot...

Secara umum dapat dikatakan bahwa penelitian pada dasarnya adalah sebuah upaya penyusunan teori berdasarkan fakta-fakta. Di dalam penelitian kuantitatif, teori yang kemudian dirumuskan dalam suatu hipotesis diuji dengan suatu prosedur pengujian tertentu. Hasil pengujian bisa saja membuktikan hipotesis ataupun menolaknya. Ketika hipoteses ditolak, maka di sinilah teori baru disusun kembali. Adapun di dalam penelitian kualitatif, teori digunakan sebagai alat analisis suatu kasus atau fenomena. menjelaskan bahwasanya teori dalam penelitian kualitatif digunakan sebagai alat penunjuk untuk menilai suatu fenomena. Dimana, teori tersebut dapat saja ditinggalkan ketika suatu fenomena menunjukkan hal yang berlainan dengan teori atau yang disebut sebagai keunikan. Berbeda dengan penelitian kuantitatif yang secara a-priori menguji teori (testing theory) yang sudah ada, penelitian kualitatif bertujuan untuk menemukan teori (finding theory). Di dalam suatu kegiatan penelitian selalu saja mempertimbangkan teori-teori yang sudah ada dan ditemukan sebelumnya. Teori-teori tersebut biasanya tersebar dalam berbagai buku, jurnal, kumpulan abstrak, ensiklopedi, indeks prosiding, monograf dan sebagainya. Kegiatan menelahaah kesemuanya itu dalam kebiasaannya disebut sebagai kegiatan telaah kepustakaan. Sebagaimana dijelaskan oleh Suryabrata (2014:18) bahwa telaah kepustakaan ini dilakukan agar supaya penelitian dapat berdiri di dalam suatu landasan yang kokoh. Ia kemudian menjelaskan bahwa telaah kepustakaan dalam penelitian tidak dilakukan secara serampangan, melainkan dilakukan dengan cara yang teliti dan melalui prosedur-prosedur tertentu. (Suryabrata, 2014:19-21). Di dalam makalah ini akan dijelaskan bagaimana prosedur telaah kepustakaan dilakukan. Namun sebelum itu, perlu kiranya perlu dijelaskan kiranya mengenai kedudukan teori dalam penelitian.

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by alterations in the metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and protein caused due to insulin secretion deficiency and different levels of insulin resistance. Global increase in the incidence of diabetes becoming a great threat to the human beings .Hyperglycemia is one of the prevailing condition of Diabetes mellitus which gives rise to various diabetic complications like diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, delayed wound healing, heart attack, peripheral vascular disturbances and ketoacidosis. Medicinal plants contain micronutrients, amino acids , protein, mucilage, essential oils, triterpenoids, saponins, carotenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins and coumarins, which play an effective role in the prevention and treatment of Diabetes mellitus. This review article indicates that the potent phytoconstituents with their mechanism of action which have involved in the management of Diabetes mellitus.

Analisi di alcune situazioni particolarmente critiche dal punto di vista burocratico o normativo con ipotesi di semplificazioni che permetterebbero di utilizzare in modo più razionale le risorse del SSN, con lo scopo di ridurre i costi e migliorare le prestazioni erogate ai pazienti, anche in relazione ai sistemi di controllo e contabilizzazione. Nonostante un impegno economico simile, le prestazioni erogate in Italia sono poco omogenee e di qualità inferiore a quelle di altri paesi europei.

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) 2015 Study GBD 2015 DALYs and HALE Collaborators Summary Background Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) provide comparable summary measures of health across geography and time that can inform macro-level assessments of epidemiological patterns and health system performance, help prioritise investments in research and development, and monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We used Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2015 Study (GBD 2015) results on allcause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and nonfatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost (YLLs) and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for each geography, age group, sex, and year. We then estimated HALE using the Sullivan method, which draws from age-specific death rates and YLDs per capita. We assessed how observed levels of DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends as related to Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator constructed using measures of income per capita, average years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Health is improving globally, but this means more populations are spending more time with functional health loss-an absolute expansion of morbidity. The proportion of life spent in ill health decreases somewhat with increasing SDI-a relative compression of morbidity-which supports continued efforts to elevate personal income, improve education, and limit fertility. Our analysis of DALYs, HALE, and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework on which to benchmark geography-specific health performance and SDG progress. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform financial and research investments, prevention efforts, health policies, and health system improvement initiatives for all countries along the development continuum. Evidence before this study Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), a summary measure of population health based on estimates of premature mortality and nonfatal health loss, originated from the initial Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in 1993. DALYs, in combination with other summary measures such as healthy life expectancy (HALE), offer relatively simple yet powerful metrics against which progress and challenges in improving disease burden and extending healthy lifespans can be effectively monitored over time. Published in 2012, GBD 2010 provided updated estimates of DALYs due to 291 causes and HALE in 187 countries from 1990 to 2010. GBD 2013 extended this time series to 2013, 188 countries, and 306 causes. Novel analyses for quantifying epidemiologic transitions were introduced as part of GBD 2013, enabling a comparison of shifts in years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) with increasing levels of development. The World Health Organization (WHO) has produced estimates of DALYs and HALE largely based off GBD 2010 and GBD 2013; however, modifications were implemented for a subset of causes, disability weights, and countries, and a normative life table of 91.9 years at birth was used for calculating YLLs.

El presente trabajo intenta definir un modelo de indicadores aplicables a la atención primaria de la salud, es decir, el primer nivel de atención de cualquier servicio asistencial, seleccionando aquellas mediciones que se consideran más adecuadas para seguimiento de la atención sanitaria brindada. Los indicadores sirven para comparar distintos modelos de atención y así poder determinar el grado de cumplimiento de los objetivos que debe desarrollar toda organización sanitaria como son: mejorar la calidad de los servicios y aumentar el nivel de satisfacción de usuarios y prestadores, como así también, obtener mejores resultados económicos referidos a la sustentabilidad de la organización que los brinda.Fil: Grañana, Alicia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económica

Background: The level of development and quality of life for a country depends on its newborn. Bangladesh has failed to reduce the number of underweight children between 1990 and 2015, whereas overweight is one of the most visible yet neglected public health issues. Hence, immediate actions need to be taken to improve both cases. The objective of this study is to identify the influencing socioeconomic and demographic factors for the discrepancy in under-5 child's weight. Methods: The study is based on the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2014. Originally, the data was collected from 17,866 households. After extracting the variable from the sample weighted original dataset, this study covered 8092 respondents. The dependent variable, under-5 child's weight was settled by scheming weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) and Body Mass Index-for-age Z-score (BAZ). Then, the polytomous logistic regression model was incorporated to get insight into the underweight and overweight categories relative to the normal weighted under-5 child. Results: The significant predictors for influencing under-5 child's weight are place of residence, mother's and father's education level, mother's body mass index, mother's current working status, mother's age at first birth, father's occupation, child's birth order, and region of residence. Conclusion: Parental education, mother's current working status and place of residence have the most significant effect on under-5 child's weight. Public health officials and administrators of Bangladesh across sectors need to develop more effective programs and strategies for effective actions to adequately address the good nutrition and health of a child.

Background In order to the significance of lessons learned from the natural disasters for health care systems particularly in developing and under-developed countries, the main purpose of this study was to identify challenges and limitations in light of the earthquake experience in Kermanshah Province. Methods The present study was conducted in 2019 as a qualitative research using content analysis method. In this regard, 19 key informants were selected using snowball sampling. To enhance the accuracy of the study, the four validation criteria for qualitative studies in data coding developed by Guba and Lincoln including credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability were used. Data was analyzed applying Graneheim and Lundman (2004) approach for analyzing the qualitative content of an interview text. Results Analysis of the data led to the identification of 2 main themes, 5 sub- themes and 17 main categories. The first main theme was health system oriented challenges ...

Background: Hospital layout is one important factor affecting hospital service quality and, consequently, patient satisfaction. Generally, the layout is designed based on the experience of the hospital specialists without any systematic approaches. Purpose: Due to the increasing number of patients, the case study hospital has built a new multi-floor building to move its Outpatient Department (OPD) to operate there. Therefore, this study aims to apply the Activity Relationship Analysis (ARA) and simulation to design a new OPD layout. Methodology: Data of the previous system were analyzed using the ARA. The results were then used to design three scenarios (A, C, and D) and the other three scenarios (B, E, and F) were proposed by hospital specialists. Then, six layouts were evaluated using simulation tests and the efficiencies of the designs were measured by an average total service time per patient. Results: The simulation results showed that the average total service time of scenario A, D, E, and F were lower than scenario B and C. While the average total service time at the sub-service unit of D was the longest compared to scenario A, E, and F. These results demonstrated that scenario A, E, and F were the most efficient layouts. However, when considered thoroughly by the hospital specialists, scenario A was eventually selected. Conclusion: This study can contribute to scientific literature as it demonstrates the application of the ARA and simulation in the design of the multi-floor layout, an aspect under-researched in existing studies. This study also provides the practical implication suggesting that these techniques should be used together in the layout designs because they can help to determine the correctness and efficiency of the layout design before actual implementation.

To evaluate the social implications of traumatic injuries in non-sedentary hunter-gatherers by analysing osteological remains through models based on the Bioarchaeology of Care. Materials: Human skeletal remains from North Patagonia (Late Holocene). 3179 anatomical elements from 189 individuals of both sexes and different age categories. Methods: Macroscopic analysis of all bones to identify two injury types (dislocations and fractures) to apply the Index of Care to each case. Results: About 20 % of individuals suffered injuries, mostly mild, requiring short-term care. Severe cases needed intensive care, likely disrupting the normal routines of daily life in the group. Conclusions: Despite logistical costs and disabilities that led, in some cases, to social reorganisation of daily or planned activities, these groups ensured their peers' survival and recovery through care. Significance: The Index of Care was expanded by defining categories based on care intensity, applicable to any context, and offers new information about interpersonal care in Patagonia. Limitations: Only osteological remains are available to assess interpersonal care. Suggestions for further research: Incorporate other pathological conditions (e.g., bone infections) and more samples on a larger spatial-temporal scale to evaluate interpersonal care in the region.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into plant pathogen detection is transforming agricultural practices by enabling more efficient, accurate, and scalable disease management solutions. Traditional diagnostic methods, while effective, often require significant time, expertise and laboratory resources, limiting their application in large-scale and real-time scenarios. AI-powered innovations, including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL) and computer vision, are revolutionizing the detection and diagnosis of plant diseases. These technologies analyze vast datasets from sources such as highresolution imaging, genomic sequences, environmental sensors, and remote sensing platforms to identify pathogens with unprecedented precision. AI-driven tools, such as mobile-based diagnostic apps, autonomous drones, and predictive modeling systems, empower farmers and agricultural stakeholders with real-time insights into disease outbreaks and progression. Additionally, AI enhances the interpretation of metagenomic data, facilitating the identification of novel and unculturable pathogens. This paper explores the transformative potential of AI in plant pathogen detection, highlighting its contributions to sustainable agriculture, early disease management, and food security. It also addresses challenges such as data availability, model reliability, and ethical considerations, paving the way for future advancements in AI-driven plant pathology.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare globally, but its successful integration depends on visionary leadership at the intersection of clinical practice and technology. Nurses, who represent the largest sector of the healthcare workforce, are uniquely positioned to guide this transformation. This article explores the role of nursing leadership in advancing AI-driven healthcare systems, with a focus on workflow optimization, patient outcomes, and executive decision-making. Drawing on over seven years of nursing practice and leadership experience, including contributions to open-source AI platforms such as DeepSeek, this paper argues that nurse leaders must take an active role in designing, deploying, and governing AI systems to ensure that they amplify rather than replace human care.

Traditionally, Controlled Natural Languages (CNLs) are designed either to avoid ambiguity for human readers, or to facilitate automatic semantic analysis, so that texts can be transcoded to a knowledge representation language. CNLs of the second kind have recently been adapted to the requirements of knowledge formation in OWL for the Semantic Web. We suggest in this paper a variant approach based on automatic generation of texts in CNL (as opposed to automatic analysis), and argue that this provides the best of both worlds, allowing us to pursue human readability in addition to a precise mapping from texts to a formal language.

; brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis; Vector-borne diseases; electronic health records (EHRs); genomics and microbiome data; explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) Preprints.org is a free multidisciplinary platform providing preprint service that is dedicated to making early versions of research outputs permanently available and citable. Preprints posted at Preprints.org appear in Web of Science, Crossref, Google Scholar, Scilit, Europe PMC.

Önceki sayımızda dergi yayın kurulumuzun kararları doğrultusunda, derleme makalelerin yanı sıra olgu sunumları ve hemşirelikte iyi uygulamaları içeren makaleleri artırmayı planladığımızı belirtmiştim. Bu sayımızda henüz olgu sunumu ve hemşirelikte iyi uygulamalar konusunda makale yer almamıştır. Ancak yazarlarımıza bu konuda çaba gösterirlerse, daha hızlı yayınlanmayı planladığımızı bildirmek isterim. Dergimizin ulusal katkı değerinin ve indeksinin yükselmesi için, kaynak yazım kurallarını tekrar kontrol ederek makalelerinizi göndermenizi istiyoruz. Kaynak yazımına özen gösterilmesi konusunda gittikçe daha iyi hale gelmekteyiz. Dergimizde çıkmış makalelerin kaynak olarak gösterimine önem verdiğimizi tekrar hatırlatmak isterim. Şu anda Türkiye Atıf Dizini 2014 -Ulusal Katkı Değeri ortalaması 0.091 iken, Dergimizin 2014-Ulusal Katkı Değeri bu rakamın çok üzerinde olup, 0.917'dir. Amacımız bu değeri daha da yükselterek daha iyi indekslerde yer almayı sağlamaktır. Bu hepimizin çabası ile olacaktır. Hayalim dergimizi SSCI gibi indekslerde görmektir. Hayallerimizin tümünün gerçekleşmesi dileğimle, dergimizin yayınlanma süresince emeği geçen yazarlarımıza, hakemlerimize ve siz okurlarımıza teşekkür eder, sağlık ve mutlu verimli günler dileyerek sevgi ve saygılarımı sunarım.

The current study aims that work-integrated learning impact on graduate employability, mediating role of students competencies, teaching strategies and moderating role of digital literacy on graduate employability. Large pharmaceutical industries in Johannesburg, South Africa, a longitudinal approach used for data collection from managers and leaders in three times and convenient sampling was used to collect participant's data. SmartPLS was used for data analysis in two phases, measurement model and structural model. The 􀅫indings shows that work-integrated learning improves student's competencies and teaching strategies, which enhance the possibility of graduate employability. However, digital literacy play a signi􀅫icant moderating relationship on student's competencies and teaching strategies which increase graduate employability. The present study suggests that evaluation of student's competencies and teaching strategies and it emphasis the signi􀅫icance of digital literacy in employability.

Patient satisfaction indicates the quality of healthcare services and represents the interpersonal relationship between patients and caregivers, as well as the effectiveness of therapeutic care. [1] Assessing patient satisfaction is a vital measure to recognize the quality of surgical and anesthesia practices and also identifies areas for improvement. [2] Patient's emotional well-being and psychological response to the care given in the hospital can be measured. [3] Hospitals in developing countries often fail to meet patient's expectations, including insufficient preoperative information, poor staff behavior, and inadequate postoperative pain management and care. [4] Patient satisfaction in anesthesia practices includes various factors such as providing preoperative information regarding the procedures, experience of fear and pain during the anesthesia services, staff interactions with the patient, perioperative satisfaction, and postoperative complications. [5,6] Hospital management can evaluate the quality of the care given by the healthcare workers, and areas for improvement can be identified. [7,8] Perioperative Context: Assessing patient satisfaction in healthcare services will reflect the clinical standard of care. This study focused on evaluating patient's satisfaction levels regarding perioperative anesthesia management in a tertiary care center and identifying areas for improvement. Subjects and Methods: The Leiden perioperative care patient satisfaction questionnaire was used to assess the satisfaction level. This tool encompasses pre-, intra-, and postoperative care, utilizing a 6-point Likert scale. The data were collected at the time of discharge after obtaining consent from the patients. Results: A total of 164 patients were included, with a mean age of 43.29 years; 60.4% were female. Most received spinal anesthesia (SA) (49.4%), followed by general anesthesia (GA) (26.8%). The overall perioperative satisfaction rate was 98%. High satisfaction was reported with staff interaction (99%) and intraoperative care (98%). Postoperative dissatisfaction was mainly due to hypothermia, nausea/vomiting, and pain. Patients who received GA + epidural anesthesia and GA + peripheral nerve block (PNB) had the highest dissatisfaction (50%), while those who received SA + PNB or PNB alone reported no dissatisfaction. There was a strong correlation between surgical specialization and preoperative satisfaction was better in obstetrics and gynecology (P = 0.005) and satisfaction in SA had better postoperative satisfaction scores (P = 0.032). There was no difference between the other specialities. Conclusions: This study revealed an overall high level of satisfaction (98%) only with preoperative and intraoperative anesthesia care. However, the postoperative phase remains the area of dissatisfaction, primarily due to complications. This specific issue highlights the need for quality improvement, although it does not significantly impact overall satisfaction scores. By addressing these complications, we can aim to improve patient satisfaction scores further and elevate healthcare standards.

Kolorektal bölgenin tanı amaçlı incelemeleri ve ameliyatları cerrahinin önemli konularındandır. Bu işlemler sırasında uyarılan viseromotor ve viseroviseral reflekslerin etkileri araştırma konusudur. Kolonik distansiyon deneysel çalışmalarda çeşitli viserosensitif cevapları ölçmek için kullanılmıştır. Viseral algılamanın bireysel farklılık göstermesi sebebi ile araştırmacılar viseroviseral (kalp hızı, kan basıncı, düz kas kontraktilitesi) veya viseromotor (karın veya sırt kaslarının kasılması) refleksleri eşik değer belirlemede kullanmışlardır. 2 Đnflamatuar barsak hastalıklarında (ĐBH) mide boşalmasının geciktiğinin 3 bulunmasından beri, bu hastalıklarda semptomlara katkıda bulunduğu düşünülen kologastrik refleksin 4 aracı olduğu ve bu grup hastadaki birçok semptomdan sorumlu olan mide boşalmasındaki gecikmeyi 5 test etmek için kolorektal distansiyonun kullanılması gündeme gelmiştir. Bu bölgedeki tanısal ve girişimsel ORĐJĐNAL ARAŞTIRMA / ORIGINAL RESEARCH.

The research examines how digital transformation is implemented, its effects, and strategic adaptation in the public sectors of developing countries. It highlights how online technologies reshape public administration by increasing efficiency, enhancing transparency, and delivering citizen-focused services, while also supporting national development. The study also explores the role of digital public services in economic growth, employment, innovation, improved governance, and reducing digital exclusion. Persistent issues such as weak infrastructure, limited digital skills, regulatory barriers, and fragmented IT systems obstruct effective implementation. Drawing on international examples, the paper identifies key success factors: strategic leadership, process standardization, centralized IT control, capacity building, stakeholder engagement, and public-private collaboration. Cultural, organizational, and behavioral changes in governance are also integral to digital transformation, which extends beyond operational improvements. By analyzing implementation strategies, performance tools, and experiences of smaller municipalities, the study contributes to a theory of digital transformation tailored to the specific contexts of developing countries. This approach emphasizes institutional capacity, social inclusion, agility, and long-term adaptability for sustainable and effective transformation.

Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most crucial threats to public health and modern health care. Previous studies have identified challenges with estimating the magnitude of the problem and its downstream effect on human health and mortality. To our knowledge, this study presents the most comprehensive set of regional and country-level estimates of AMR burden in the WHO European region to date. We estimated deaths and disability-adjusted life-years attributable to and associated with AMR for 23 bacterial pathogens and 88 pathogen-drug combinations for the WHO European region and its countries in 2019. Our methodological approach consisted of five broad components: the number of deaths in which infection had a role, the proportion of infectious deaths attributable to a given infectious syndrome, the proportion of infectious syndrome deaths attributable to a given pathogen, the percentage of a given pathogen resistant to an antimicrobial drug of interest, and the excess risk of mortality (or duration of an infection) associated with this resistance. These components were then used to estimate the disease burden by using two counterfactual scenarios: deaths attributable to AMR (considering an alternative scenario where infections with resistant pathogens are replaced with susceptible ones) and deaths associated with AMR (considering an alternative scenario where drug-resistant infections would not occur at all). Data were solicited from a wide array of international stakeholders; these included research hospitals, surveillance networks, and infection databases maintained by private laboratories and medical technology companies. We generated 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for final estimates as the 25th and 975th ordered values across 1000 posterior draws, and models were cross-validated for out-of-sample predictive validity. We estimated 541 000 deaths (95% UI 370 000-763 000) associated with bacterial AMR and 133 000 deaths (90 100-188 000) attributable to bacterial AMR in the whole WHO European region in 2019. The largest fatal burden of AMR in the region came from bloodstream infections, with 195 000 deaths (104 000-333 000) associated with resistance, followed by intra-abdominal infections (127 000 deaths [81 900-185 000]) and respiratory infections (120 000 deaths [94 500-154 000]). Seven leading pathogens were responsible for about 457 000 deaths associated with resistance in 53 countries of this region; these pathogens were, in descending order of mortality, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Methicillin-resistant S aureus was shown to be the leading pathogen-drug combination in 27 countries for deaths attributable to AMR, while aminopenicillin-resistant E coli predominated in 47 countries for deaths associated with AMR. Interpretation The high levels of resistance for several important bacterial pathogens and pathogen-drug combinations, together with the high mortality rates associated with these pathogens, show that AMR is a serious threat to public health in the WHO European region. Our regional and cross-country analyses open the door for strategies that can be tailored to leading pathogen-drug combinations and the available resources in a specific location. These results underscore that the most effective way to tackle AMR in this region will require targeted efforts and investments in conjunction with continuous outcome-based research endeavours. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and Department of Health and Social Care using UK aid funding managed by the Fleming Fund.