Tourism and Hospitality

Retaining tourist loyalty is a top priority for the hotel industry in today's competitive tourism and hospitality business environment. Numerous scholars postulate that effective social media engagement and repositioning of hotels with a positive corporate image is crucial for the post-pandemic revival of the hotel industry. Despite the growing interest in integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with social media engagement and corporate image to enhance the perceived value of tourists and generate loyalty in the hospitality industry, empirical evidence linking these constructs is still limited. The objective of this current study is to investigate the effect of social media engagement, corporate image, and perceived value on tourists' loyalty to the hotel industry in Malaysia. Using the quantitative methodology, the result from the structural equation modeling (SEM) using Smart-PLS suggests that social media engagement does not have a direct positive impact on tourist loyalty. However, social media engagement influences tourist loyalty through the mediating effect of perceived value in the hotel industry. While perceived value and corporate image show a direct positive impact on tourist loyalty. Corporate image through the mediating effect of perceived value was found to have substantial effect on tourist loyalty intention towards the hotel.

This study examines the implementation of Triple
Bottom Line (TBL) sustainability practices—
economic, social, and environmental—in
selected budget hotels (Chanel Paris Hotel Corp.,
Microtel Inns and Suites by Wyndham South
Forbes, and Herbel Apartelle) and their impact on
customer satisfaction, loyalty, and repeat

visitation. Using a quantitative descriptive-
correlational design, data were collected from

250 respondents (210 guests and 40 employees)
via purposive sampling. Results indicate that
employees perceive TBL practices as highly
implemented (mean = 3.47), with environmental
sustainability scoring highest (mean = 3.51).
Guests reported high satisfaction across service
quality dimensions (mean = 3.42), particularly in
reliability (mean = 3.47) and empathy (mean =

3.43). Notably, social sustainability showed the
strongest correlation with customer satisfaction
(*r* = .661, *p* < 0.05) and loyalty (*r* = .569,
*p* < 0.05), while generational and gender
differences influenced perceptions of
sustainability practices. Based on these findings,
a 5-year strategic plan was proposed, integrating
digital innovation (e.g., AI-driven chatbots, CRM
systems), eco-certifications, and community
engagement to enhance competitive advantage.
The study underscores the strategic value of TBL
practices in fostering sustainable hospitality
operations and customer retention, offering
actionable insights for budget hotels aiming to
align profitability with planetary and social
responsibility..

The hospitality sector, particularly hotels, is a significant contributor to energy consumption within the broader tourism industry due to the energy demands of maintaining guest comfort and operational efficiency. This study provides an indepth analysis and literature review to assess current energy management approaches, energy consumption trends, and sources across hotels globally, with a focus on incorporating renewable energy and enhancing energy efficiency practices. Using case study data from over fifteen hotels across the USA, Europe, and Asia, we identify key determinants of energy usage and propose optimization strategies that emphasize sustainable design, resource-efficient site selection, and operational improvements. The findings provide actionable insights for improving operational efficiency, minimizing environmental impacts, and achieving sustainability goals in the hotels offering valuable guidance for industry stakeholders, policymakers, and hotel operators.

This study examined the impact of cultural diversity on tourist satisfaction in Ghana's Western Region, a destination known for its rich traditions and heritage. Specifically, examining the tourists' perception of cultural diversity and how the phenomenon affects their travel experience, vis-à-vis satisfaction. It is acknowledged that while cultural diversity enhanced visitor experiences, it also presented challenges such as language barriers and differing service expectations. Using a mixed method approach, data were collected from 150 tourists and four destinations and hospitality facilities through structured questionnaires and interview guides to solicit data. Again, SPSS version 27.0 was used analyzed the data. Findings indicated that cultural diversity positively influenced tourist satisfaction through fostering emotional connections and deeper cultural appreciation. However, variations in satisfaction levels due to communication challenges highlighted the need for personalized engagement strategies. ANOVA results further revealed significant differences among tourist segments, emphasizing the importance of tailored cultural experiences. Additionally, factors like cleanliness, accessibility, and infrastructure were crucial in balancing cultural preservation with modern service quality. The study recommended segment-specific strategies, personalized engagement programmes, and improved infrastructure to enhance inclusivity and overall visitor satisfaction in the hospitality and tourism industry.

Artificial intelligence (AI) in the hospitality industry has revolutionized the interaction that service providers have with the guests, particularly in luxury-based travel. This paper discusses how to design and implement the use of AI-powered virtual concierge services to cruise companies with the specific aim of recreating the empathy and personalization that were historically provided by human guest relations officers. Based on the concepts behind emotional artificial intelligence, natural language processing, and sentiment analysis, the study suggests the framework according to which the systems can grasp the emotions of guests and react to them in real-time. By conducting a mixed-methods approach, literature review, system modeling, and tests based on scenarios, the study finds out major design elements, such as the seven design considerations and empathetic generation of responses, context-sensible conversation, and smooth interface with customer relationship management (CRM) systems. The results indicate that properly planned AI concierges may substantially increase the guest satisfaction and optimize the operations and reinforce the sense of providing high-service and luxury. It ends with actionable suggestions to the cruise companies that are willing to implement emotionally intelligent AI models that would enhance the experience of the guests on board.

The tourism industry in Bangladesh presents a promising avenue for economic expansion and employment generation. Many undergraduate students in Bangladesh work part-time or full-time in this field while studying. This study aims to explore the factors that determine the job satisfaction of these tourism and hospitality undergraduate students, addressing a gap in existing research. Research Methodology: A convenience sample of 118 undergraduate students from five universities was surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25, and multiple linear regression analysis was employed to assess the impact of various factors on job satisfaction. Results: The findings reveal that compensation and benefits, communication, opportunities for growth, and the nature of the work significantly influence job satisfaction, whereas work environment and company policy have a comparatively weaker association. Limitations: The small sample size and the use of a non-probability sampling method have limited the generalizability of the present study, which may not fully represent the broader student workforce in the tourism sector. Contribution: This research provides actionable insights for industry leaders and HR professionals in the tourism and hospitality sector, helping them to better understand and enhance job satisfaction among student employees. Novelty: This is the first comprehensive study to investigate the determinants of job satisfaction among tourism and hospitality undergraduate students in Bangladesh who are currently engaged in academic studies and employment.

The paper examined the satisfaction of employees engaged in work activities within enterprises providing tourism services in the areas of Vrnjačka Banja and Sokobanja. The research was conducted through a questionnaire survey. Respondents expressed their satisfaction level with the work they perform and how the enterprise treats its employees. It was concluded that the enterprise plays a crucial role in the level of employee satisfaction achieved. Factors such as how the management structure of the enterprise values employees, their performance, opportunities for advancement provided to employees, and similar aspects, all influence the quality of personnel, motivation, and employee satisfaction. The study confirmed hypothesis H that a high-quality, satisfied, and loyal workforce is a key asset in competitive battles and a fundamental element of business success.

This research explored the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for monitoring and enhancement of coastal ecotourism for sustainable environmental development in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. As the region had become more and more popular among tourists in the last years with their respective environmental challenges (e.g. beach pollution and overcrowded beaches, ecological degradation), the study set out to quantify the extent to which AI technologies can counteract these impacts. A mixed methods research approach was utilized, with data gathered using satellite images, drone observation, AI-based footfall monitoring, as well as structured questionnaires with 272 respondents (tourists, local people and providers of tourism services) and interviews with stakeholders. Models such as CNN and Random Forest classifiers were utilized as machine learning models to identify environmental outliers and predict tourist behavioral profiles. The findings showed a 22% increase in waste management efficiency, 17% decrease in the cases of overcrowding, and an 11.8% improvement in vegetation (NDVI). The survey identified that 74% of tourists said they find AI tools to be valuable in promoting cleanliness and sustainability, as 68% are open to following AI-generated routes. The research identified that the AI-based watch and ward management system has a great scope to implement it to improve sustainable ecotourism-based management protocol in the Bangladeshi coast and has been suggested to apply in other coastal areas of Bangladesh.
Keywords:  Artificial Intelligence, Ecotourism, Environmental Sustainability, Coastal Management, Machine Learning.

The article explores the evolution of the concept of hospitality in nineteenth-century travel narratives, focusing on the unique experiences of women travelling to Mallorca. While the principles of Homeric hospitality were constrained by Kant and the Encyclopedists at the end of the eighteenth century, what form of hospitality awaited these travellers? How did French writers George Sand, Joséphine de Brinckmann, and Jane Dubuisson; Austrian traveller Mme de Harrasowsky; and English visitors Elizabeth Mary Grosvenor and H. Belsches Graham Bellingham experience Mallorca? Were they met with hospitality or inhospitality, and did they encounter a form of hospitality that was universal or conditional? Keywords Hospitality. Travel narrative. Mallorca. Nineteenth century. Women travellers. Women's travel. Índice 1 Introducción.-2 La bienvenida.-3 La recepción en casas nobiliarias.-4 La acogida en posadas y casas de huéspedes.-5 Conclusión.

The hospitality industry loves a good Key Performance Indicator (KPI). A quick search reveals the sector’s holy grail of metrics: ADR, Occ%, RevPAR, GOPPAR, TRevPAR—numbers that obsess over revenue but say nothing about the health of our planet, the well-being of our workforce, or the resilience of the communities we operate in.
Dig deeper, and yes, sustainability KPIs do exist: carbon per occupied room, waste diversion rates, local sourcing percentages. The industry has embraced them as proof of progress. But as the climate crisis accelerates [1] and ecosystems collapse [2], we must ask: Are KPIs masking deeper systemic failures?
Metrics matter. But when sustainability becomes a box-ticking exercise—another ceremonial annual report—we risk missing the point entirely. Consider:
• A hotel celebrates "20% energy reduction" while expanding its square footage, leaving total consumption higher than ever.
• A new building boasts "high energy efficiency" while ignoring the colossal embodied carbon of its construction.
• A "zero-waste" certification overlooks the deforestation and water scarcity embedded in its supply chain.
KPIs often measure efficiency but often ignore absolute impact.
This is the KPI Paradox in Hospitality: metrics designed to reassure managers, investors and regulators, but possibly without driving the needed transformation. KPIs are not the enemy to sustainability progress—but they are not the saviour either.
To move beyond this paradox, we need a frank discussion:
1. Reframing the KPI Mindset
How do we shift from "Did we hit our target?" to "Did this metric actually change anything?
2. When KPIs Backfire
Can you share an example where KPIs created a false sense of sustainability progress or even backfired?
3. Beyond KPIs: Alternative Approaches
What alternative approaches could complement, enhance or perhaps replace traditional KPIs?
4. Your Top 3 Sustainable Hospitality KPIs
If you could mandate only three metrics for the sector, what would they be—and why?
References
[1] Hansen, J. E., Kharecha, P., Sato, M., Tselioudis, G., Kelly, J., Bauer, S. E., … Pokela, A. (2025). Global Warming Has Accelerated: Are the United Nations and the Public Well-Informed? Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 67(1), 6–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/00139157.2025.2434494
[2] Gross, M. (2023). When ecosystems collapse. Current Biology, 33(2), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.01.001.

This study aimed at examining the mediating role of job burnout in the effect of organizational politics perception on turnover intention among employees of city center hotels in Egypt. The mixed-mode survey administration, combining paper and web-based self-administrated questionnaires, was used to collect the required data. The total number of collected questionnaires was 153, however only 140 of them were valid for the statistical analysis. The results revealed that organizational politics perception has a significant positive effect on both turnover intention and job burnout. Moreover, job burnout was found to have a significant positive effect on turnover intention. Furthermore, the results pointed out that job burnout partially mediates the effect of organizational politics perception on turnover intention. Some managerial implications were presented regarding organizational politics, turnover and job burnout that could help hospitality practitioners minimizing such issues in their organizations.

This paper explores the influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in improving guest experience in luxury hotels in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. As AI technologies become more commonly used in luxury hotels to satisfy emerging guest needs, this study seeks to explore how chatbots, smart room systems, facial recognition, and robots for service impact guests' satisfaction, convenience, and loyalty. Adopting a quantitative research design, data were gathered through a survey instrument that was distributed to 400 hotel guests from different star-rated hotels in Kuala Lumpur. High levels of guest satisfaction are highly correlated with the positive impact of AI on customer loyalty. AI is the highest visit intention if it's adopted in the future, as they do now. Yet, difficulties such as technical problems, having no support, and concerns regarding the privacy of data were also mentioned. The study finds that while AI can be a game-changer in quest experience, capturing the value of the technology requires solving technological, ethical, and operational challenges to create a seamless integrated service environment.

Places are mobile and becoming, they are constantly changing and dynamic. Places on the margins sometimes seem to take on another image and are thought of as static and homogenous. In the thesis, I look at Western-Barðastrandarsýsla county, Iceland (V-Barð) through the idea of place making which tells about how places are made through mobilities and dynamic relations, and there V-Barð is no exception. Using a relational materialistic approach, which recognises that humans are but a part of nature, and the idea of place making I examine how V-Barð is differently created through human–nature relations, mobilities and tourism.
My findings show that places on the margins are no less dynamic and mobile than places closer to the centre. The relational materialistic approach allows for different methods of listening and looking at places and thinking about them, as it recognises a more-than-human agency. Through these lenses V-Barð emerges as a multi-layered and multivocal place where different stories of more-than-human encounters meet and make a place. V-Barð, as other places, is therefore messy and holds agencies which are crucial to recognise when negotiating about the place or researching it, for the more-than-human relations that it consists of to emerge.

Keywords: V-Barð, place making, mobility, more-than-human relations, hospitality.

Environmental sustainability in higher education plays an important role in shaping the environmental responsibility of future hospitality professionals, particularly through curriculum integration, knowledge development, and attitude formation. The influence of environmental sustainability integration, students' attitudes, and knowledge towards environmental responsibility among Hospitality Management students in two selected universities in Surigao del Sur was explored in this study. The study used descriptivecorrelational design. Data were obtained from a sample of third year Hospitality Management (HM) students via survey questionnaires to assess the curriculum's integration of environmental sustainability, students' environmental knowledge, attitudes, and environmental responsibility. The research instruments were adapted from established sources including University of Florida (2022), Raman (2016), Rogayan and Nebrida (2019), and Legrand et al. (2023). Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used. According to the findings, the participants assessed the integration of environmental sustainability in the curriculum highly. Students indicated moderate environmental knowledge and highly favorable attitudes concerning the environment. Furthermore, they demonstrated high levels of participation in environmental activities, energy conservation, and waste management. Both the integration of environmental sustainability into the curriculum and the attitudes of students were found to have a significant influence on their environmental responsibility, with the findings of the

In this research, the researcher aims to create a healthy innovation made from plantbased ingredients. The study is designed to determine whether straw mushrooms can be used as the main ingredient in the production of wrapped satay, assess the hedonic test results, evaluate the quality of hedonic testing in the production of wrapped satay using straw mushrooms, and analyze the differences in color, aroma, texture, and taste. This research employs an experimental method with two stages: testing reference recipes to obtain the right formula and conducting hedonic tests, hedonic quality tests, and difference tests, followed by analysis using SPSS 22.0. The overall hedonic test results indicate that the color aspect scored 3.80 (f1, f2, and f3), aroma scored 3.80 (f1 and f2), texture scored 4.20 (f1, f2, and f3), and taste scored 3.80 (f2 and f3). The hedonic quality test results show a score of 4.00 (f2 and f3) for the browning aspect, 3.60 (f3) for the aroma of straw mushrooms, 4.60 (f3) for a very soft texture, and 4.20 (f1) for the taste of straw mushrooms. The difference test results across all aspects show that the Friedman test for taste (f1) has a percentage of 1.140, color (f3) has a percentage of 0.707, aroma (f1) is the best formula with a percentage of 1.204, and texture (f1) has a percentage of 0.894. Therefore, it can be concluded that the best quality is obtained from formula f1.

Tourism development and the internet have led to changes in how people travel. It has become one of the most significant
tools for both tourists and the host. Tourism websites serve as a center of information; state governments, tour operators, travel
agencies, or even individuals run them. This study analyses and compares the official tourism websites of eight North Eastern states
in India: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, and Sikkim. The objectives are to
determine the most preferred domain extension used and evaluate the websites based on key parameters like information
availability, functionality, and ease of use. A total of 25 parameters are used to assess the websites. Key findings show that most
states use the.gov.in domain, while content and features vary. Websites offering more comprehensive information and accessibility
features like apps and online bookings scored higher. Recommendations include multilanguage support, updated content, and
mobile optimization. The study provides insights to tourism boards on improving their digital presence to better promote their
destinations online.

As workers continue to grapple with the ongoing changes and uncertainties of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is critical to examine how to foster young adult workers’ resilience and efficacy, which may prevent their burnout in a sustained crisis. This study investigates the effects of the perceived qualities of change communication, organizational support, and supervisor support on young adult workers’ resilience and efficacy in South Korea, which may mitigate disengagement and exhaustion. Our findings
demonstrated that: (a) Supervisor support was positively associated with resilience and efficacy among young adult workers, whereas organizational support and communication did not have such effects. (b) Although young professionals who perceived themselves as efficacious were not necessarily able to prevent burnout, those who conceived of themselves as resilient were indeed less susceptible to burnout. Drawing on these
findings, we discuss theoretical implications and practical recommendations for building a supportive work environment during a crisis.

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The objective of this research study is to examine the complicated relationship between work motivation, job satisfaction, job dissatisfaction, and turnover intention of the housekeeping staff in selected four and five-star hotel properties in Jordan by using Herzberg's Two-Factor theory. Design-A survey design was implemented in this research study. The sample for this research study consists of individuals working in the housekeeping departments of four and five star international hotels in Jordan. Methodology-Cluster analysis, correlation, and t-test were utilized for data analysis. The two-step clusters method was used to cluster groups based on the mean values of job dissatisfaction, as it is a unique concept that explains Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory and also the work-related behaviour of employees. Approach-The validity of Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory will be examined as well as examining the complicated relationship among work motivation, job satisfaction, job dissatisfaction, and turnover intention. Findings-The results of this study revealed that there is no relationship between job dissatisfaction of housekeeping staff and job satisfaction, and between job dissatisfaction and job motivation. However, there was a positive relationship between their job satisfaction and work motivation and also between their job dissatisfaction and turnover intention. No relationship was found between their work motivation and turnover intention and between their job satisfaction and turnover intention. Among all fourteen motivational factors, work itself (4.25 out of 5.00) and achievement (4.24 out of 5.00) were ranked at the top, which is consistent with Herzberg's findings. Salary was the least satisfied/preferred factor in this study. Originality of the research-Having a separate job dissatisfaction construct in a research study is a very unique concept that Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory (1959) developed and which also contributes to the uniqueness and originality of this study.

Purpose – The objective of this research study is to examine the complicated relationship between work motivation, job satisfaction, job dissatisfaction, and turnover intention of the housekeeping staff in selected four and five-star hotel properties in Jordan by using Herzberg’s Two-Factor theory. Design – A survey design was implemented in this research study. The sample for this research study consists of individuals working in the housekeeping departments of four and five star international hotels in Jordan. Methodology – Cluster analysis, correlation, and t-test were utilized for data analysis. The two-step clusters method was used to cluster groups based on the mean values of job dissatisfaction, as it is a unique concept that explains Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory and also the work-related behaviour of employees. Approach – The validity of Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory will be examined as well as examining the complicated relationship among work motivation, job satisfaction, jo...

This article, drawing on the General Strain Theory (GST), discusses customer abuse and harassment in the Greek hospitality sector during the unprecedented strain of the Covid-19 pandemic. The study draws on an online survey questionnaire, incorporating a combination of open-ended and closed questions to secure both qualitative and quantitative data. Customer abuse and harassment are outlined as endemic phenomena of workplace violence in the industry, and workplace crimes that were further intensified because of the pandemic. Managerial immoral inaction towards customer misbehaviour, as well as the underreporting of this issue, are discussed as impeding factors in addressing customer abuse and harassment. The study's theoretical contribution stems from the examination of abuse and harassment from a criminology perspective, employing the GST and the classification of such (mis)behaviours as an everyday workplace crime, which remains unmanaged, accepted, and tolerated in the hospitality and tourism sector, violating employees' wellbeing and dignity at work.

Web 2.0 and social networks have allowed the opinions of anonymous users are increasingly important, especially for the hospitality industry. For hotels, it is increasingly important to have presence and visibility on the web, as well as to take care of their Online Reputation and interact with their users. On the one hand, this project aims the study of how the hotels can manage this contemporary phenomenon known as Electronic Word of Mouth (e-WOM), as well as create a few tools to measure the Web 2.0, which are easy to use, measurable and able to be applied in a long term in the hospitality industry. The purpose of this study is that hotels know first hand which features need to be implemented to improve their reputation and characteristics. In addition, it can constitute an instrument very new for researchers who have interest and need information about both aspects, the web visibility and online reputation.

The purpose of this research was to determine the use nanoparticle tomatoes flour as source fiber to increased the quality of chicken nuggets. The materials used in research are nuggets made from chicken meat with optional ingredient other flour tapioca, pepper, onion white, salt, sugar and bread flour. The addition of nanoparticles of tomato flour on chicken nuggets by treatment carried out. Experimental method laboratory used as a method test laboratory. The Completely Randomized Design was used as an experimental design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment use control that is without the addition of nanoparticles tomato flour (P0), P1 (addition of nanoparticles tomato flour 1%), P2 (2%), and P3 (3%) of the total chicken meat used. The variables measured are protein content, fiber content, pH value, and sensory quality (color, taste, aroma, texture, and acceptance). The addition of nanoparticles tomatoes flour (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) on chicken nuggets gives ...

The use of food additives is justified only when such use has an advantage and does not present any health risk to consumers. The study sought to assess the knowledge and usage of food additives among traditional caterers and the extent to which they patronised additives in food preparation and production. Interviewer-administered and self-administered questionnaires were used to collect primary data from a sample of traditional caterers in the Sekondi-Takoradi metropolis. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. The study found that food additives were used to enhance food taste and flavour, preserve food and make food attractive. Results also indicated that artificial food additives like 'Maggi cubes', 'onga spices' and monosodium glutamate as well as natural additives like ginger and garlic were mostly used by traditional caterers. The study concluded that traditional caterers had a fair knowledge of food additives and also use them in food production because of perceived benefits, oblivious of possible health risks associated with their improper usage.

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived job insecurity and employee task
performance. In addition, the moderating influence of emotional intelligence and the mediating influence of self-esteem
was examined in this relationship. Through the multi-stage sampling technique, a total of 385 employees were proportionately
selected from a cluster that represents three selected Nigerian deposit money banks. Furthermore, a close-ended
and structured questionnaire was utilized in a descriptive cross-sectional research design to elicit responses from these
employees. A hierarchical moderated regression analysis conducted revealed that perceived job insecurity exercises
a signicant and negative effect on task performance. In addition, this relationship was found to be moderated by
emotional intelligence in such a way that the negative relationship between job insecurity and task performance was
weaker among respondents who reported a higher level of emotional intelligence. Similarly, self-efficacy was also found
to mediate this moderated relationship in such a way that it acts as the underlying mechanism through which emotional
intelligence exercises its moderating influence. To conclude, recommendations were made on the need for organizations
to recognize the importance of emotional intelligence whenever there is need to maintain a superior level of employee
performance, especially in a working environment characterized by a high level of job uncertainty. In addition, it
was recommended that while making use of emotional intelligence in attenuating the negative effect of perceived job
insecurity on task performance, organizations may derive optimal benefit by focusing on the indirect relationship that
highlights self-efficacy as a mediator as opposed to focusing on the direct relationship between these two variables

This study aimed to determine the impact of job insecurity on job performance among employees as the mediating variable. A total of 421 valid responses were received from full-time employees of Egyptian category (A) travel agents and five-star hotels. In this study, variance-based Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to test the proposed model using the WarpPLS 7.0 software. The findings indicate that job insecurity has a positive impact on work alienation and a negative impact on employees' job performance. Additionally, work alienation has a negative effect on employees' job performance. Moreover, work alienation has a mediating effect on the relationship between job insecurity and employees' job performance. The research contributes to the theoretical understanding of job insecurity, job alienation, and employee job performance in the context of Egypt's tourism and hotel business. It provides insights into these concepts and offers recommendations on how to handle challenges like job insecurity and alienation.

The use of food additives is justified only when such use has an advantage and does not present any health risk to consumers. The study sought to assess the knowledge and usage of food additives among traditional caterers and the extent to which they patronised additives in food preparation and production. Interviewer-administered and self-administered questionnaires were used to collect primary data from a sample of traditional caterers in the Sekondi-Takoradi metropolis. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. The study found that food additives were used to enhance food taste and flavour, preserve food and make food attractive. Results also indicated that artificial food additives like 'Maggi cubes', 'onga spices' and monosodium glutamate as well as natural additives like ginger and garlic were mostly used by traditional caterers. The study concluded that traditional caterers had a fair knowledge of food additives and also use them in food production because of perceived benefits, oblivious of possible health risks associated with their improper usage.

This paper aims to measure the impact of ECSR activities on employee job performance in the hospitality and tourism industry in the city of Hail, Saudi Arabia. Despite the growing importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and employee work performance, little is known about the correlations between socially responsible actions taken by businesses and the job performance of their employees. To overcome this gap, we explore the impact of ECSR on job performance, with an emphasis on chosen tourist and hospitality establishments in Hail, Saudi Arabia. Through structured questionnaires which were distributed during the period (March-May 2021), direct effects of predictors were tested using partial least squarestructure equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with data from employees of hospitality and ABOUT THE AUTHOR Alomran holds a Ph.D. degree in Tourism management. His research interests include tourism marketing and e-tourism.

espanolLas Redes Sociales (RRSS) forman parte de las vidas de las personas y constituyen un elemento clave que se puede obviar a la hora de disenar la estrategia de marketing dentro del sector hotelero. Hay que destacar que las RRSS, junto con las nuevas tecnologias, estan presentes durante todo el proceso de compra del producto hotelero, que va desde la planificacion del viaje (donde se busca informacion de los hoteles en los principales buscadores, foros de opinion, familiares y amigos en RRSS), a la estancia (durante la cual se comparten en tiempo real las impresiones del viaje) y por ultimo al finalizar el viaje, compartiendo la experiencia y opinion a traves de foros, tales como Booking o TripAdvisor, o a traves de RRSS, como por ejemplo, a traves de la pagina de Facebook del mismo hotel o en el propio perfil personal. El proposito de este trabajo es ofrecer una guia a los gestores de los establecimientos hoteleros, para sacarle el maximo partido a su estrategia Social Media a ...

This paper employs Anderson's imagined communities and their contributing elements that connect people-even if they have never met-to apply it to TripAdvisor, arguing that TripAdvisor has characteristics of an imagined community, a concept initially employed in defining nations but may well apply in the creation and maintenance of online communities. We aimed to examine in this exploratory study whether the characteristics of an imagined community such as the use of special language, the association of ideas, cohesion and membership, interaction and the presence of experts create an online community for TripAdvisor. Content analysis of tourist comments posted in TripAdvisor regarding top ten restaurants in Azores and Hawaii was performed over 2013. The coding was done by two coders and the unit of analysis was the tourists' posts. Final data composition derived from 686 customers that performed 813 reviews. TripAdvisor has all the characteristics of an imagined community. This is the first time that the concept of the imagined communities is applied in tourism studies and online communities, making a theoretical and practical contribution to the concept of imagined communities in the context of online travel communication through people's reviews.

Sargassum is a genus of brown seaweed rich in bioactive compounds such as fucoidan which has various health promoting properties including anti-cancer activity, anti-viral activity, and anti-inflammatory activity. This study examines the potential to develop herbal tea using Sargassum cristaefolium and Sargassum crassifolium Seaweeds were collected from the southern coastal area of Sri Lanka and identified using a morphological key. Each seaweed type was thoroughly cleaned, blanched, and dehydrated either by oven-drying (40 ℃ for 48 h) or freeze-drying technique and separately ground to a coarse powder, which resulted in four treatments as oven-dried S. cristaefolium and S. crassifolium, and freeze-dried S. cristaefolium and S. crassifolium. Dried Sargassum powders were analyzed separately for moisture content, total phenolics (Folin-ciocalteu method), total flavonoids (Aluminum chloride method), and radical scavenging activity (DPPH method), total carotenoids, and fucoidan content ...

Big data contain a vast amount of information which is valuable for researchers and decision-makers both in normal and crisis situations. This bibliometric study aims to present the progress, theoretical foundations, and intellectual structure of big data analytics in the hospitality and tourism research domain. Literature records were collected via the Web of Science and screened to maximize relevance. The overall literature dataset included 1,184 papers, comprising both review and empirical articles. From this dataset, 47 publications related to the COVID-19 pandemic were identified and formed a sub-dataset to capture the specific research focuses during the crisis. The research themes and their evolutionary paths were identified by keyword clustering and keyword Time Zone analysis. Co-citation analysis was implemented to visualize the intellectual structure. Based on the systematic review, this study proposes future research directions.

Purpose-This study presents an automated literature analysis for unveiling the drivers for incorporating social media in tourism and hospitality brand strategies. Design/methodology/approach-For gathering relevant literature, Google Scholar was queried with "brand"/"branding" AND "social media" for articles in ten top ranked tourism and hospitality journals, resulting in a total of 479 collected articles. The methodology adopted for the analysis is based on text mining and topic modeling procedures. The topics discovered are characterized by terms belonging to a dictionary previously compiled and provide a segmentation of the articles in coherent sets of the literature. Findings-Most of the 213 articles that encompass a strong relation between social media and branding are mentioning mainly brand building stages. A large research gap was found in hospitality and tourism considering that, besides advertising, no topic was discovered related to known brand strategies such as co-branding or franchising. Practical implications-The present analysis concludes that specialized tourism and hospitality literature needs to keep pace with research that is being conducted on a wide range of industries for assessing the influence of social media. Originality/value-The automated analysis approach used has no precedent in tourism and hospitality research. By including an innovative topical concept map, it led to identifying and summarizing the topics, providing a clear picture on the findings. This study calls for research by specialized tourism and hospitality publications, eventually leading to special issues on this vibrant subject.

espanolLas Redes Sociales (RRSS) forman parte de las vidas de las personas y constituyen un elemento clave que se puede obviar a la hora de disenar la estrategia de marketing dentro del sector hotelero. Hay que destacar que las RRSS, junto con las nuevas tecnologias, estan presentes durante todo el proceso de compra del producto hotelero, que va desde la planificacion del viaje (donde se busca informacion de los hoteles en los principales buscadores, foros de opinion, familiares y amigos en RRSS), a la estancia (durante la cual se comparten en tiempo real las impresiones del viaje) y por ultimo al finalizar el viaje, compartiendo la experiencia y opinion a traves de foros, tales como Booking o TripAdvisor, o a traves de RRSS, como por ejemplo, a traves de la pagina de Facebook del mismo hotel o en el propio perfil personal. El proposito de este trabajo es ofrecer una guia a los gestores de los establecimientos hoteleros, para sacarle el maximo partido a su estrategia Social Media a ...

This study is entitled Use of Information Technology in Tourism and Hospitality Libraries in Telangana State: A Study on Selected Libraries. I explore the use of information technology in Tourism and Hospitality Libraries, after COVID-19 in the education sector utilization of information technology increased. A Study on “Use of Information Technology in Tourism and Hospitality Libraries in Telangana State: A Study” Objective of the study is to examine how Tourism and Hospitality Libraries Implementation Information Technology in Libraries, Utilization of software, Hardware equipment, Library Automation, research, and special libraries need to give priority to Information Technology (IT) if they are to continue as the main point of access for the R&D information. IT is essential for senior management to develop and implement the systems needed for the Digital library environment, present conducted survey in Telangana State Tourism & Hospitality Education Institutions, through Question Dataalysie and the Data collected by Using Google Forms for the study data collected from the library staff of Tourism & Hospitality Libraries using a structured questionnaire designed.

Keywords: Tourism Libraries, Hotel Management Colleges, Technology, RFID, ILMS, automation of Libraries,

Purpose Despite its volume, the academic research on the impact of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on tourism and hospitality consumer behaviour is fragmented and largely limited to investigating a small scope of its impact. The purpose of this paper is to bridge this gap by synthesising the existing literature, providing a conceptual framework for the various dimensions of this impact. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on the meta-synthesis and a critical conceptual analysis of relevant academic literature identified using a keyword search of papers via the Web of Science and Scopus databases, followed by a snowballing process comprising tracking the citations to the resources referred to in the identified papers. Findings This conceptual analysis illustrates how the full spectrum of the impact of eWOM on tourist behaviour spans well beyond the limited scope traditionally focussed on by tourism and hospitality researchers. This scope, encompassing multiple cognitive, ...

Purpose-This paper attempts to propose an integrated model for measuring the knowledge transfer effectiveness in university-industry alliances. The so-called "RDCE" model is thereby proposed as an integrated model for measuring the knowledge transfer effectiveness. By combining inter-organizational relations (IORs), knowledge-based view (KBV) and resource-based view (RBV) of firms, this paper aims to focus on the influence of determinant factors such as partner complementarities, partner attributes, the characteristics of the coordination and relationship quality between industrial companies and universities that may lead to the effectiveness of knowledge transfer. Design/methodology/approach-This framework thereby clarifies how mediating variables influenced the paths that constitute the direct, indirect and total effects of mediated models by integrating moderated regression analysis together with bootstrap resampling methods to ensure the precision in estimating confidence intervals of indirect effects and path analysis using structural equation models to test all the hypotheses simultaneously for the robustness of the results and conclusions. Findings-The statistical results reveal that the proposed model has a significant mediating effect that contributes to knowledge transfer effectiveness. Only partner attributes and relationship factors have a direct impact on the effectiveness of knowledge transfer. This appears plausible since mere complementarities and coordination between partners may not lead to learning or knowledge transfer, which requires a certain depth of the partner interaction in terms of the specific attributes of partners, coordination and relationship quality. Research limitations/implications-The authors assumed that the alliance constitutes partnerships between firms of roughly equal size and market power. Therefore, this study provided only broad perspectives of collaboration among alliance partners, and did not capitalize on different degree of alliance integration and different types of collaboration. Practical implications-Managerial suggestions on how to improve their knowledge transfer effectiveness are also provided at the end of the text. Originality/value-There are numerous studies examining alliance network performance. Very few studies, however, have examined detailed collaborative activities in dyadic university-industry partnerships and potential constructs for measuring knowledge transfer and commercialization in the research and development alliance between industrial firms and university context.

The study of city image has become a subject of increasing interest to researchers and practitioners. However, although many studies have found that success of an area's tourist development depends crucially on its image, most of studies concentrate on only a few destinations in the United States and the European Union, neglecting most emerging tourist destinations such as these in fuel-exporting countries. In order to fill this gap, this study adopted a two-stage design seeking to develop and test a scale of Perceived City Image (PCI) in a non-western context. In Stage 1, the authors; through a qualitative study, generated and refined the scale elements, recognizing unique characteristics of Al Ain. In Stage 2, the scale, through a quantitative study, has been assessed in terms of dimensionality, validity, and reliability. The overall results reflect appropriateness of the proposed constructs and provide an integrated perspective of PCI constructs in the Arab Middle East, where very little research can be found. Results, contributions, limitations, directions for future research, and managerial implications are all discussed.

This study aims to gather and analyze published articles regarding the influence of electronic word-ofmouth (eWOM) on the hotel industry. Articles published in the last five years appearing in six different academically recognized journals of tourism have been reviewed in the present study. Analysis of these articles has identified two main lines of research: review-generating factors (previous factors that cause consumers to write reviews) and impacts of eWOM (impacts caused by online reviews) from consumer perspective and company perspective. A summary of each study's description, methodology and main results are outlined below, as well as an analysis of findings. This study also seeks to facilitate understanding and provide baseline information for future articles related to eWOM and hotels with the intention that researchers have a "snapshot" of previous research and the results achieved to date.

Bu çalışmada yönetici özerkliği ve stratejik kontrolün örgütsel politikayı, örgütsel politikanın da stratejik planlama performansını nasıl yordadığı belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Konu ele alınırken stratejik yönetim yazınının gündeminde olan güncel bilgi birikimine yaslanılmıştır. Örgütsel politika konusu yönetim literatüründe sürekli ilgi görürken, turizm sektöründeki kavramsal ve ampirik incelemesi yetersiz kalmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Antalya’da bulunan dört ve beş yıldızlı 310 otelin yöneticilerinden anket tekniği ile toplanan veriler, ilgili istatistiksel programlarla analiz edilmiştir. Ulaşılan sonuçlar ilgili literatürdeki beklenen sonuçlar ile kısmen örtüşmektedir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre yöneticilerin özerklik algılamaları örgütlerde politik davranışları artırmakta, buna karşın stratejik kontrol örgütsel politikayı pozitif yönde etkilemektedir. Örgütsel politika ise stratejik planlama performansını pozitif yönde etkilemektedir.

In Northeast India, one of the booming industries is tourism. The beauty and the diversity of each state makes the tourism industry more relevant in the context of industrial growth. Entire Northeast India is blessed with salubrious weather and plenty of flora and fauna. In terms of industrialization, the states in Northeast India have received less attention. Sustainable tourism is a bridge for filing the gap of development in the states. In context of physical and human diversity the Northeast India has highest potentiality to contribute in the globally growing tourism sector. Government of each these states has been actively taking up all the measures required for the growth of this sector. This part of India is home to rich wildlife sanctuaries, mighty rivers, dense forest, snow covered winters and more. Finest of traditional handloom and handicrafts of each state makes the region richer. The growth of sustainable tourism will enable the growth of allied industries as well. It was a hard time for the industry to sustain during the COVID period specifically (2020-2021). It was Lockdown in almost entire world, India too witnessed complete lockdown for more than 5-7 months consecutively and slowly it started opening but complete movement was restricted. This Industry has faced its toughest time during Lockdown. The paper has made an attempt to study the growth trend of sustainable tourism industry in the NE region of India with a detailed investigation of the problems and prospects of the sector. This is a secondary study conducted with the Government reports and other published sources available. Time bound limitations may have an impact on the universality of the study as it skipped primary verification. Furthermore, this study will be relevant to all stakeholders who wish to gain knowledge and access information for the growth of sustainable touristry in northeast India.

Food is one of the most important biological human needs and as such it is an inseparable part of tourism. It also represents one of the basic services during a touristic trip. The goal of this paper is to determine the role of food beyond this basic role it plays in tourism, to see how it contributes in increasing the number of tourist and their satisfaction with the tourist product and if food can elevate the quality of the tourist demand toward meeting the needs of the tourists. To achieve these goals different aspects of tourism will be analyzed, such as the motives for joining a tourist trip, the tourist needs and the different functions of tourism. The results of the study will describe and stress essential aspects on how to improve the quality of tourism.

Word of mouth (WoM) marketing is a key ingredient of interactive marketing, involving consumers and converting them into spokespersons for the company. The scope of published research on WoM is broad and spans a long period of time. However, it is not since the advent of social media that WoM or electronic-Word of Mouth (e-WoM) has become a measurable means of communication, making work on e-WoM recent and scarce. Also, existing work pertains to developed economies and there is a potential scope of study in the context of developing nations like India, where the focus is shifting to digitalization in a huge way. To understand the impact of WoM and social media, an attempt has been made to divide literature into drivers, measures, and effects of WoM. Number of variables emerge and can be used to measure the three identified categories. These variables can also be consolidated to establish causal links between drivers and effects of WoM. WoM has been conceptualized as the traditional ...

Social dynamics at work are crucial for understanding how internal processes in an organization are related to their performance and productivity. Following the Service-Profit Chain (SPC) theory, this study analyses, at the work-unit level, how interpersonal conflicts are related to service quality in the hospitality and tourism industry through the shared experience of well-being in the work unit. In other words, we examine the mediating role of two main aspects of work-related well-being in the unit (job satisfaction and burnout) on the relationship between interpersonal conflicts in the unit and customers’ perceptions of service quality. To do so, we conducted a cross-sectional survey study that collected data from 398 service employees (91 work units) and 1233 customers from three and four-star hotels with restaurant in Spain. Using path analysis in Structural Equation Models, our results supported a full mediation model at the work-unit level: interpersonal conflicts in the wor...

The study demonstrates the use of methods associated with fractal statistics in the analysis of data roughness of the climate risk condition measured by a Global Climate Risk Index among countries in the world as this induce a subsequent ruggedness in the number of international tourist arrivals in the different countries. Results reveal that there is a considerable amount of unevenness in the climate risk conditions of the countries studied and that such irregularities occur more apparently in the less stable and more risky nations. This finding implies that the weather patterns situation of a country, specifically climate risk condition, has considerable effects on international tourist arrival. Current findings lend support that changing climate and weather patterns at tourist destinations and tourist generating countries can significantly affect the tourists travel decisions. Theoretical implications of the study are discussed later in the study.

Business competition, rapid technological changes, and government reforms or deregulations around the globe have put companies in difficult situations resulting in the risk of job insecurity, which deteriorates the well-being of the employees, leading to decreased job performance. This research extends the knowledge of the link between job insecurity and job performance by exploring the potential mediating mechanism of Subjective well-being in the food and beverage industry. Data from 357 employees of the food and beverages industry from two districts in Pakistan were collected through a pretested questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses using Smart-PLS software. Reliability and validity checks were applied to assess the measurements and structural models. The findings reveal that job insecurity has a negative impact on job performance, whereas subjective well-being has a significantly positive influence on job performance. Furthermore, subjective well-being mediates the negative relationship between job insecurity and job performance. Multi-industry analysis can give more-robust and-generalizable results. In addition to subjective well-being, other mediators and moderators can be added for this relationship. Managers can improve their team performance by reducing on-the-job insecurity and improving the working condition and personal care of employees.

The emergence of a new strain of virus named the Coronavirus or Covid-19 in short has impacted all countries around the globe. In Malaysia, a restricted movement order has been introduced by the government since March 2020 in the hope of suppressing the wild spread of the virus. Thus, any traveling between different states has been put on hold. With this, the tourism industry has been tremendously affected, and the hotel industry is one of them. Consequently, the hotel industry is forced to develop new marketing strategies that would provide a helping hand in sustaining their business. The creative and innovative ideas that resulted from the initiative ranges from offering sweet deal packages revolving around the concept of working from home and staycation offers aside from the surprising involvement in the food delivering industry allowing the general crowd. A study has been conducted revolving around the hotel establishment in Malaysia to provide insights on the marketing strategies implemented by them throughout the pandemic period. This study highlighted the variety of marketing strategies adopted by the establishments.