Tourism Management

Sustainable entrepreneurship (SE) is becoming increasingly important for every society. However, the dynamics of sustainable entrepreneurship is not much known or not in existence amongst SMEs in South Africa. Previous studies have largely ignored the dynamics of contextual factors, particularly, as it affects SMEs sustainability. This article x-rays the influence of these factors on sustainable entrepreneurship in the services sector for SMEs in South Africa. Additionally, it identifies the correlation between the contextual factors and sustainable entrepreneurship. The trustworthiness test of the study instrument was done, using test re-test reliability method, which yielded an R-value of 0.70 and internal consistency of 0.875 as measured by the Cronbach Alpha index. The Binary Logistic technique and Spearman Rank Correlation were used in the analysis. Results indicate that the characteristics of an SME, Government Support, Management Skill, Good employee-employer relationship, and Start-up Capital are correlated to sustainable entrepreneurship. However, the logistic regression only showed three of the factors as having a significant impact on the increase or otherwise of sustainable entrepreneurship amongst the SMEs. Our findings suggest that entrepreneurs and business partners must maintain a posture that continuously pursues novel ideas as per the features of an SME; maintain an opportunity-seeking perspective with employees; and control risks associated with high-risk ventures that bring financial achievements. It has therefore, become imperative for an overhaul of interventions that will enhance the SME sector as an important vehicle for economic growth, and equity. The South African Government and other developing countries needs to commit themselves to creating an environment that bolsters sustainability for entrepreneurship to thrive.

Tematyka artykułu skupia się na zagadnieniach związanych z refleksją nad wybranymi koncepcjami rozwoju miast oraz na sformułowaniu cech wyróżniających dla współczesnych tendencji rozwoju pojawiających się w polskich miastach ujętych w kategorię rozwoju hybrydowego. Głównym celem jest identyfikacja nieciągłych i wysoce zróżnicowanych tendencji rozwoju miast w Polsce odzwierciedlających hybrydowe wzorce ich rozwoju, wraz z wyróżnieniem grup miast cechujących się zbliżoną dynamiką rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego. Metodyka badawcza obejmuje analizy prowadzone dla wszystkich miast w Polsce z wykorzystaniem narzędzi analizy statystycznej oraz analizy grupowania.

Services are the future. This book helps you lead it. Essentials of Services Marketing brings together clear thinking, smart insights, and real-world application. NEW! The digital update debuts Service Sustainability in Action, a feature showcasing real-world cases where service organizations align with the UN SDGs through sustainable practices. These cases were authored by Dr. Linda Alkire. NEW! Engaging videos that brings content to life Watch lessons from Professor Wirtz’s masterclasses, and videos from the Journal of Service Research, ServCollab, and leading service researchers Professor Sabine Benoit and Professor Sheryl E. Kimes. Perfect for deeper learning and flipped classrooms. Who's this for? If you teach services marketing-this book is for you.

The Journal publishes original research and seeks to cover a wide range of topics regarding environmental management and engineering, environmental management and health, environmental chemistry, environmental protection technologies (water, air, soil), pollution reduction at source and waste minimization, energy and environment, modelling, simulation and optimization for environmental protection; environmental biotechnology, environmental education and sustainable development, environmental strategies and policies. Authors are encouraged to submit high quality, original works that discuss the latest developments in environmental management research and application with the certain scope to share experiences and research findings and to stimulate more ideas and useful insights regarding current best-practices and future directions in Environmental Management. Also, this journal is committed to a broad range of topics regarding Tourism and Travel Management, leisure and recreation studies and the emerging field of event management. It contains both theoretical and applied research papers and encourages obtaining results through collaboration between researchers and those working in the tourism industry. The journal takes an interdisciplinary approach and includes planning and policy aspects of international, national and regional tourism as well as specific management studies. Case studies are welcomed when the authors indicate the wider applications of their insights or techniques, emphasizing the global perspective of the problem they address.

Advertisement as an important success implement in everyone's life requires that these implement as scientific, social,cultural and relevance branches has been studied carefully and with a scientific,art,more critical and specified view has been used until it follows success and goals. now a days in tourism industry must use of advertisement as an important implement professionally, because the success of advertise for the cultural and tourism values of a country based on a correct and professional perception of advertisement and their values.because the professional advertisement could be consider as a winner implement for the development of cultural goals in inside and outside. Otherwise it is wasting of time, capital and energy. For advertising activities in tourism industry in the world today should views this belief and faith to the advertisement that advertisement is not splurge but it is a kind of fundamental and normative investment in order to organizational and nationa...

This study aimed to identify the ethical values, motivations and justification logics enacted by actors in the healthcare and the local administration sectors concerning Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), through the analysis of their discourses, programmes and stakeholder networks implemented. The results highlight there is variety divergence and variable equilibria across the discourses of different actors and programmes, namely between those favouring instrumental and strategic interpretations of CSR, which are associated with industrial and renown justification logics, and those abiding by ethical and idealistic interpretations, which are associated with civic justification logics. Such diversity of value orientations in the face of CSR makes this a potentially controversial field, and it may hinder reaching higher levels of network consolidation into clusters. Its widening in the healthcare sector will therefore require consensus-making labour by the corporate actors among ...

Between 2020 and 2024, import and export activities were significantly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Despite these disruptions, the Lao Cai Border Gate Economic Zone (BGEZ) maintained the highest trade volume among economic zones in Northern Vietnam. This paper evaluates the development status of the BGEZ during this period, emphasizing the role of infrastructure investment, modernization of customs and trade management, and international cooperation in achieving these outcomes. However, challenges remain, including fragmented warehousing systems and an underdeveloped digital border management platform. Addressing these issues requires targeted policy reforms, improved resource mobilization, and enhanced product quality, thereby strengthening the zone's position as one of Vietnam's eight key economic zones.

The purpose of this study was to explore the level of use and experiences of smart tourism technologies by employees and managers in tourism businesses. A nested multiple case design, which is one of the qualitative research designs, was used for this purpose in the study. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with 48 employees and managers from two accommodation establishments, two food and beverage establishments, two travel agencies and two airline establishments in Istanbul, which were determined as cases in the study, using the maximum diversity sampling method. The data obtained from the interviews were subjected to content analysis using the Maxquda 2020 qualitative data analysis program. Cloud technologies, big data, QR codes, mobile applications, virtual reality, infrared communication, electronic flight technology, global positioning systems, and digital self-service technologies are used in tourism businesses. It has been determined that employees and managers in tourism enterprises welcome the use of these smart tourism technologies because of their perceived benefits, ease of use, safety, welfare, improving employee performance, enriching recipes, the quality of digital software systems used in enterprises and various organizational support provided for employees. On one hand, it has been determined that smart tourism technologies have various benefits for employees, businesses and customers such as fast service, time saving, competitive advantage, flexible working, sustainability, reduction of airplane accidents, strengthened brand image, increased operational efficiency, correct ordering and the chance to reorder food and beverages while on the other some negativities such as data security problems, service disruption, standardization of food tastes, expensive service, cyber loafing, burnout syndrome and loss of employment have also been determined.

O trabalho aborda a relação entre a atividade industrial e o espaço urbano e regional, mais especificamente, o caso da indústria vitivinícola na região de Bento Gonçalves e Garibaldi, no Rio Grande do Sul. O interesse deste estudo é motivado por evidências empíricas de mudanças no padrão locacional destas empresas, associadas a novos processos de uso e ocupação do espaço regional, característicos das cidades contemporâneas. O objetivo do artigo é analisar justamente estas transformações recentes no processo de estruturação espacial desta indústria e destacar alguns impactos de tais mudanças no espaço urbano, rural e regional. O trabalho desenvolve uma análise espacial das mudanças locacionais das empresas entre 1991 e 2010, avaliando também alguns indicadores que embasam uma discussão preliminar sobre as transformações sócio-espaciais que estão ocorrendo atualmente na região. O estudo permitiu detectar uma tendência de saída das indústrias das áreas urbanas, bem como a concentração industrial no Vale dos Vinhedos, região que também desponta com considerável diversificação funcional voltada prioritariamente ao turista e ao morador de alta renda. Palavras-Chave: Localização industrial. Indústria vitivinícola. Vale dos Vinhedos O trabalho aborda a relação entre a atividade industrial e o espaço urbano e regional, mais especificamente, o caso da indústria vitivinícola na região de Bento Gonçalves e Garibaldi, no Rio Grande do Sul. A indústria vitivinícola desenvolve a produção de sucos de uva, vinhos de mesa, vinhos finos e espumantes, sendo que o Rio Grande do Sul é responsável por 90% da produção nacional desses produtos (Mello, 2010). Principalmente a partir da década de 1990, as empresas se depararam com a intensificação do processo de globalização, abertura dos mercados e a formação do MERCOSUL, fazendo com que a indústria vitivinícola nacional tivesse que se adequar frente aos novos desafios. Ao mesmo tempo, as localizações tradicionais desse tipo de indústria nas áreas junto aos centros das cidades foram tornando-se problemáticas, por dificuldades de circulação, falta de terrenos apropriados, entre outros fatores. Nas últimas duas décadas têm ocorrido mudanças no padrão locacional das vinícolas. Verifica-se um movimento de saída destas empresas das áreas centrais dos municípios, bem como a constituição de novos padrões de aglomeração. O objetivo do artigo é analisar as transformações recentes no processo de estruturação espacial desta indústria e destacar alguns impactos de tais mudanças no espaço urbano, rural e regional. Dessa forma, o estudo procura contribuir para o melhor conhecimento desses processos complexos. O trabalho está organizado em cinco itens, além desta introdução. Inicialmente apresenta-se um breve quadro teórico de referência para análise da localização industrial na cidade contemporânea. O segundo item introduz o estudo empírico e apresenta uma contextualização da atividade vitivinícola na região, enfocando também as mudanças na organização das empresas, ocorridas principalmente a partir da década 1990. O terceiro item apresenta uma análise espacial comparativa, enfocando a localização industrial em dois momentos, 1990 e 2010. O quarto item apresenta alguns indicadores que embasam uma discussão preliminar sobre as transformações sócio-espaciais que estão ocorrendo atualmente na região. Finalizando o trabalho, apresentam-se algumas conclusões possibilitadas pelo estudo.

El capítulo aporta una visión general del desarrollo del turismo de cruceros en la región del Caribe, como alternativa a la desigualdad por demás existente en las sociedades de las economías subdesarrolladas. La zona cuenta con un privilegiado paisaje natural y cultural, que le atribuye el interés de los capitales internacionales a través de la inversión en el sector turístico. De esta manera, el turismo se promueve como uno de los motores para el desarrollo del tercer sector, en específico los cruceros se han mantenido con un importante y sostenido crecimiento a pesar de las crisis mundiales de las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, los cruceros tienen fuertes impactos en los países donde se implantan, toda vez que requieren de una gran infraestructura portuaria, transportación terrestre, comercios y servicios generales en las zonas. Así, surge el siguiente cuestionamiento ¿el desarrollo del turismo de cruceros en la región del Caribe ha beneficiado a las sociedades locales?

The statistical recording of occupational accidents in Bulgaria has a history of almost a century. The first annual statistical data were recorded in 1922 and the process of recording continued with almost no interruptions. All these allow quite a long time series to be built which has its own 'memory' and is considered to have reflected all possible external and internal influences. Such a time series also allows searching for and applying of a univariate method for forecasting of the occupational accidents in Bulgaria. The present paper regards several major problems in the application of exponential smoothing methods for the purpose of the long-run forecasting of occupational accidents in Bulgaria, such as: (i) the problem of determining the time series pattern; or the so-called "forecast profile"; (ii) the selection of a suitable forecasting method; (iii) Calculating of short-run and long-run forecasts; and (iv) the comparison of the results of the forecast techniques on the basis of the errors in the forecasts. Some conclusions on the produced forecasts are also being presented together with interpretations on the meaning of the different values of the smoothing constant with reference to the problems of over-reporting, under-reporting of occupational accidents and deindustrialization of economy.

In Compliance with the annual Act for the State Budget, the Bulgarian Ministry of Finance usually makes twice a year an internal budget restructuring in the budgets of the separate Ministries and State Agencies of the Bulgarian State. What is in intriguing in this internal budget restructuring is that it is usually done in the months when the tourism receipts in the form of Value Added Tax turnovers are usually accumulated by the Bulgarian the tax administration. The need of proper forecasts that could eventually justify or reject such a hidden harvesting policy has never been examined and put to the public attention. The present paper regards several major problems in the application of the exponential smoothing methods for the purpose of the long-run forecasting of the monthly volume of the tourism receipts in Bulgaria. These problems include: (i) the problem of determining the time series pattern; or the so-called "forecast profile"; (ii) the selection of a suitable forecasting method; (iii) Calculating of shortrun and long-run forecasts; (iv) the comparison of the results of the forecast techniques on the basis of the errors in the forecasts. As a result the Holt-Winters method is applied with the conclusion that the produced forecasts could trigger a process a more financially autonomous national tourism administration that will allow a greater part of the collected tax revenues for the tourism sector to be returned into the tourism industry in a form of public investments through this very same more autonomous national tourism administration.

The statistical recording of occupational accidents in Bulgaria has a history of almost a century. The first annual statistical data were recorded in 1922 and the process of recording continued with almost no interruptions. All these allow quite a long time series to be built which has its own 'memory'and is considered to have reflected all possible external and internal influences. Such a time series also allows searching for and applying of a univariate method for forecasting of the occupational accidents in Bulgaria.

In Compliance with the annual Act for the State Budget, the Bulgarian Ministry of Finance usually makes twice a year an internal budget restructuring in the budgets of the separate Ministries and State Agencies of the Bulgarian State. What is in intriguing in this internal budget restructuring is that it is usually done in the months when the tourism receipts in the form of Value Added Tax turnovers are usually accumulated by the Bulgarian the tax administration. The need of proper forecasts that could eventually justify or reject such a hidden harvesting policy has never been examined and put to the public attention. The present paper regards several major problems in the application of the exponential smoothing methods for the purpose of the long-run forecasting of the monthly volume of the tourism receipts in Bulgaria. These problems include: (i) the problem of determining the time series pattern; or the so-called “forecast profile”; (ii) the selection of a suitable forecasting m...

The World Tourism Conference which was held at Manila,Philippines in October 1980, considered the nature of tourism in all its aspects and the role tourism is bound to play in a dynamic and vastly changing world. The Manila Declaration on World Tourism argues that there are many constraint on the development of tourism, and groups of Nations should determine and study these constraints, and adopt measures aimed at removing their negative influence. It has been observed that violent crimes, civil unrest, kidnapping for ransom and terrorism to mention some, are enemies of tourism in Nigeria. Regrettably, the security warnings declared by Nation States and International Organizations against the danger posed by these constraints on tourism have been misconstrued as negative propaganda in Nigeria. This study seeks to identify some of these security hazards and attempt to proffer measures aimed at removing their negative influences. In the process, the empirical research methodology is applied and recommendations offered. The paper concludes that the very existence and development of tourism in Nigeria, depends entirely on the state of lasting peace. All stakeholders in the tourism industry must adopt all available means to counter these security risks so as to guarantee its sustainability in Nigeria.

Tourism is undoubted a driving force for Albanian Economy. The fast pace growing industry which provides 19.3 per cent of the total employment and contributes more than 20 per cent on Albanian GDP is considered strategic for the future development of the country. Statistics provide figures that show a correlation between the number of visitors and the number of people employed in the industry that is one of the reasons why this industry is quickly growing. But there are no evidences, nor empirical measures that prove a correlation between the overall country‘s employment and the number of foreign visitors arriving in Albania every year. The objective of the paper is to measure the contribution of Tourism to the economy of the country with emphasis on wellbeing of Albanians. The methodology of the research varies from desk research to empirical tests in order to test the correlation between the overall country employment and number of foreign visitors arriving annually in Albania. Th...

stok maliyetlerinin nasıl belirleneceğini, stok maliyetinin içeriğinin nelerden oluştuğunu, stok maliyetinin gidere nasıl dönüşeceğini, stoklar için uygulanacak değerleme yöntemini ve stoklarla ilgili değerleme sonuçlarının finansal tablolarla nasıl ilişkilendirilerek raporlanacağını açıklamaktadır. Standardın muhasebe uygulamalarına kattığı yenilik, maliyet yöntemlerinde tam maliyet yöntemi yerine normal maliyet yönteminin kullanılmasıdır. Bu maliyet yöntemi, sabit genel üretim giderlerinin üretim kapasitesi yaratan giderlerden hareket edilerek; bu giderlerin sadece dönem içinde kullanılan kapasiteye ait olan kısmını, üretilen ürünlerin maliyetine katılmasını ve kullanılmayan kapasiteye ait kısmın ise dönem gideri olarak dikkate alınmasını benimsemiştir. Böylece, tam maliyete göre hesaplanan gelir tablosu ile normal maliyete göre hesaplanan gelir tablosunun sunuluşu açısından bir farklılık ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışmada, bu farklılık TMS 2 Stoklar Standardı bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada, TMS 2 standardının kapsamı ele alındıktan sonra, stokların TMS 2'e göre ve Vergi Usul Kanunu (VUK) açısından karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, TMS 2 Standardında maliyet kavramı, TMS 2'ye göre tam maliyet ve normal maliyet ilişkisi, tam maliyet ve normal maliyete göre düzenlenen gelir tablolarının karşılaştırılmasına yer verilmiştir.

Libro electrónicoNo obstante los empeños emprendidos por muchos de los estudiosos del turismo en Latinoamérica, se destaca que una de las limitaciones más enfáticamente reiteradas sobre el quehacer científico es la escasa conjunción de esfuerzos para potencializar y difundir sus investigaciones sobre las problemáticas sociales, culturales, ambientales, económicas y políticas que presenta el turismo en la región (Osorio, 2016; Pearce, 2013). Esta exigua coordinación y trabajo en red de los académicos latinoamericanos ha inhibido la construcción de una sinergia colaborativa que visibilice y comparta los conocimientos entorno a una región geográfica con retos comunes. Justo con la intención de contribuir a superar esta limitante, se integra la presente obra, cuyo propósito radica en conjuntar distintos casos de estudio sobre la planificación y gestión del turismo en México, Chile, Argentina y Brasil, como una muestra indicativa de los objetos de estudio, los marcos ...

Heritage and cultural tourism are notably one of the fastest emerging competitive niche tourism segments both locally and internationally. This paper explores the nature of heritage tourism as well as the concept of social cohesions before dealing with the questions of how heritage opportunities can be balanced with challenges that currently face South Africa. A line of inquiry is also followed where the future of heritage tourism in South Africa is interrogated and how it can be utilised to improve and support social cohesion and nation building. Due to the South Africa’s apartheid history, cultural diversity of available heritage products is under-represented and consequently also under-performing despite being highly desirable by tourists (South Africa, 2012:16). An awareness of the ability of heritage and cultural tourism to contribute toward social cohesion has also been lacking despite research suggesting that South Africans have a desire to visit heritage sites but that the u...

Tourism development in South Africa has been inconsistent and has failed to fulfil the promises of pro-poor development. Tourism routes have been touted as a promising means of supporting pro-poor tourism. However, in practice, established tourism route models benefit well-resourced establishments and do little to effectively include disadvantaged communities. This article explores the role of tourism routes as a pro-poor tool by outlining the practical problems of both supporting established routes and developing new ones. The Open Africa tourism route development methodology, its limitations, problems and pitfalls are scrutinised by focusing on two Open Africa routes. Pro-armoede toerismeroetes: die Open Africa-ervaring Toerisme-ontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika was in die verlede oneweredig en het misluk om beloftes van pro-armoede ontwikkeling gestand te doen. Toerismeroetes is geprys as 'n belowende manier om pro-armoede toerisme te ondersteun. In die praktyk baat gevestigde besighede egter meer by toerismeroete-ontwikkeling as benadeelde gemeenskappe. Hierdie artikel ondersoek dus die rol van toerismeroetes as 'n proarmoede werktuig deur te fokus op die praktiese probleme van die vestiging en volhoubaarheid van nuwe roetes. Die Open Africa-roete ontwikkelingsmetodologie, beperkinge, probleme en slaggate word onder oë geneem deur te fokus op twee Open Africa-roetes.

Assalamu'alikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh. Dengan mengucapkan Puji serta Syukur kepada Allah SWT, berkat atas rahmat dan hidayah-Nya, penyusunan skripsi tugas akhir yang berjudul "Perencanaan Dan Perancangan Islamic Center Berbasis Masyarakat di Seberang Kota Jambi"i dapat diselesaikan tepat pada waktunya dan sesuai dengan target. Maksud dan tujuan dalam menyelesaikan Skripsi Tugas Akhir ini adalah untuk memenuhi syarat salah satu Mata kuliah Tugas Akhir yang merupakan mata kuliah wajib Program Studi Teknik Arsitektur Universitas Sriwijaya untuk memenuhi syarat pendidikan sarjana strata 1 (S-1). Dalam penyusunan skripsi tugas akhir ini penulis menerima banyak bantuan dari berbagai pihak. Oleh sebab itu, penulis ingin mengungkapkan rasa terimakasih kepada : 1. Yang Paling utama kepada Allah SWT. 2. Kedua Orang tua , saudara dan keluarga saya, yang selalu memberi dukungan, semangat, dan do'a dalam hidup saya. 3. Ibu Ir. Tutur Lussetyowati, M.T selaku ketua Jurusan Teknik Arsitektur Universitas Sriwijaya 4. Ir. Ari Siswanto, MCRP, P.hD selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah memberikan bimbingan dan masukan dalam proses studio tugas akhir.

Driving profitability in hospitality goes beyond filling rooms and hinges on strategic revenue management. By combining accurate demand forecasting, dynamic pricing, and effective inventory control, hotels can optimize RevPAR. Advanced automation tools now empower hoteliers to make data-driven decisions, react swiftly to market shifts, improve efficiency, and deliver better guest experiences that foster loyalty.

The paper explores the development of the tourism curriculum at the Guilin Institute of Tourism. Using a case study approach, the research describes the process of curriculum review from an existing to a new hotel management programme. Two areas are identified for discussion based on empirical data collection, satisfaction with the curriculum and quality of teaching, and the views of the students are presented. The study concludes that Guilin Institute has made considerable improvements in programme content and delivery methods and that evaluation of this kind can offer significant improvements and lead the way for developing tourism education in China.

Abstrakt. W ostatnich latach mozna zauwazyc rosnące zainteresowanie produktami regionalnymi oraz tradycyjnymi. Coraz chetniej są nabywane produkty, ktorych nazwa wskazuje na miejsce pochodzenia. Produkty regionalne są czesto odkrywane na nowo, czesto trafia sie na nie przez przypadek, a nastepnie doklada staran, by znaleźc je w innych punktach handlowych. Specyficzne walory produktow regionalnych, a w szczegolności tradycyjnych artykulow zywnościowych, decydują o ich oryginalności i autentyczności oraz o tym ze są one chetniej nabywane niz produkty masowe. Potwierdzają to badania empiryczne, przeprowadzone w wojewodztwie opolskim. Regionalne produkty Opolszczyzny, nie tylko zywnościowe, są rowniez szansą na pokazanie i promocje regionu, z ktorego pochodzą.

Tourism as a tool for the enhancement and conservation of heritage represents an opportunity for many managers of cultural properties. However, despite the numerous works developed so far on tourism governance, the elaboration of preliminary studies for decision-making in heritage buildings is still a challenge. Considering the ecosystem services approach, an index is proposed which allows tourism and cultural heritage managers to analyze and quantify the level of tourist exploitation (use) of a monument for the services (benefits) that it offers to society. In this paper, a multi-criteria evaluation system was proposed, related to the main use of the building and its relationship with various tourism components, which have been classified as cultural, leisure, recreational, lodging, catering, intermediation, transportation, and event organization. The model has been applied to the Parroquia del Mar (Alicante, Spain) of great cultural relevance, but not exploited for tourism. The re...

ÖZ Bu araştırmanın amacı, potansiyel girişimci olmaları düşünülen İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi (İİBF) öğrencilerinin sahip oldukları kontrol odaklarının onların girişimcilik eğilimleri ile ilişki düzeylerini belirlemektir. İlişkisel tarama modelinin kullanıldığı araştırmada; Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi İİBF bünyesinde yer alan İşletme, İktisat, Kamu Yönetimi ve Maliye bölümlerinden toplam 520üniversite öğrencisine Türkçe'ye uyarlanması Dağ (1991) tarafından yapılmış "Rotter'in İç-Dış Kontrol Odağı Ölçeği" ve Yılmaz ve Sünbül (2009) tarafından geliştirilen geçerliliği ve güvenirliği test edilerek kanıtlanmış "Üniversite Öğrencilerine Yönelik Girişimcilik Ölçeği" uygulanarak elde edilen veriler kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler korelasyon ve çoklu regresyon analizi ile hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan analizlerde, kontrol odağı ve girişimcilik eğilimi değişkenlerinin cinsiyete göre farklılaşmadığı saptanmıştır. Korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre;...

Este estudio propone una matriz comparativa de indicadores, tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos, para valorar la sostenibilidad en tres tipos de destinos: desarrollados, en desarrollo y aquellos con presencia de poblaciones vulnerables, indígenas, negras o raizales; determinando la importancia que tienen para la construcción de modelos de desarrollo turístico endógenos (de acuerdo con las condiciones particulares del entorno y los actores sociales implicados en el territorio), la valoración de los impactos económicos, socioculturales y medioambientales que el turismo puede generar en el espacio en el que se desarrolla. De los resultados obtenidos se establece un conjunto de indicadores, tanto objetivos como subjetivos, con una estructura común para los tres tipos de destinos pero con su indiosincracia propia a sus niveles de desarrollo. Palabras clave: desarrollo endógeno del destino, indicadores de sostenibilidad, poblaciones indígenas, negras y raizales.

Buhalis, D., Yin, A., Xu, F. 2025, Metaverse experiences in hospitality and tourism: blending virtuality and reality, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-01-2025-0068

Purpose-This viewpoint paper aims to provide a critical review of metaverse in hospitality and tourism. The paper reviews the mainstream definitions and characteristics of metaverse, and suggests the influence of metaverse on experiences in hospitality and tourism. Design/methodology/approach-The viewpoint paper adopts a conceptual and theoretical approach on metaverse, identifying different perspectives and key characteristics of metaverse through critical reviews and reflections. The study further analyzes the impact of metaverse on experiences in hospitality and tourism through reflective discussions. Findings-Present literature defines the metaverse from spatial, interactive and experiential perspectives. Immersion, illusion, replication to the real world, open and interoperable environment, use of avatars and gamification of activities were identified as the key characteristics of metaverse. The metaverse influenced experiences in hospitality and tourism in four fundamental ways: an immersive trial that reduce the uncertainty of experience; a spatial and temporal change with an immersive experience; a blended travel fusion of digital virtuality and physical reality; and a blurred boundary of before, during and after trip experience journey. Research limitations/implications-This paper identifies a set of theoretical and managerial implications to provide metaverse experiences in hospitality and tourism. Future studies could focus on empirical research studies including the experience design in the metaverse, as well as consumers' perceptions of metaverse experiences in hospitality and tourism. Originality/value-This study critically reviews the characteristics of metaverse and suggests how it might influence experiences in hospitality and tourism. The perspective of metaverse experiences in hospitality and tourism provides a solid understanding of metaverse research, advancing knowledge and practice in this field.

The archaeological site of Umm Qais is a popular tourist destination for both local and foreign tourists who come to appreciate the site's archaeological history, scenic landscape, and panoramic perspective. The site was the focus of tourism planning, which included the construction of amenities and infrastructure, the creation of tourist circuits, and archaeological management. This development was linked to a rise in visitor numbers as well as the provision of a high level of service, such as parking, tickets, kiosks, restaurants, and cafés, to welcome visitors. The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of on-site tourist services and infrastructures, as well as those of visitors, and their geographical and temporal scope on the site. The study used a qualitative approach based on case study fieldwork as a research method to achieve this goal. Personal observation, interviews with site-related stakeholders, and a checklist were used to collect data during the fieldwork. Both tourism infrastructure and visitors were proven to have a detrimental influence on tourist attractions. The site's aesthetic pollution and structural deterioration were caused by tourism services and infrastructure. Graffiti, vandalism, and trash left by visitors exerted strong negative impacts. Furthermore, spatial and temporal negative impacts were determined by the patterns of seasonal movement of visitors and the location of infrastructure. Thus, most of the impacts were concentrated in a small portion of the site, among the western theater, the panoramic view, and the traditional Ottoman village. This research sheds light on these challenges and makes recommendations in the areas of heritage management, tourism, and visitor impact management that may be of interest to on-the-ground decision makers as well as academics.

This work consists of an investigation about the increase of tourists in the Andean Community of Nations (Colombia, Ecuador and Peru) and its influential factors, focusing mainly on low cost airlines as a factor of influence for the proliferation of tourists in this area of South America...

The tourism product has to be packaged and priced keeping in mind the target customer. Without any doubt, tourism is the main sector that can play a significant part in achieving rapid economic growth and drastically reducing unemployment in our country. Currently, it is the largest foreign exchange earner for our country. The development of the tourism industry on a priority basis is the need of the hour.

Development of tourism in Romania must be both an aim and a means to obtain general socialeconomic development taking intoconsideration the circumstances of the national policy of development and integration within the European structure. The development of the Romanian spa tourism is triggered by Romania's macroeconomic develoment, by better regulation of problems which this form of tourism faces as well as by the involvement of Romania's Government in supporting Romanian spa tourism. Dezvoltarea turismului în România trebuie să fie un obiectiv şi un mijloc al dezvoltării economico-sociale de ansamblu, în contextul politicii naţionale de dezvoltare şi de integrare în structurile europene 1 . În ansamblu, România are un potenţial bun fiind o importantă ţară de destinaţie turistică în viitor. Acest lucru se va realiza în condiţiile în care se vor aduce îmbunătăţiri substanţiale asupra produsului turistic şi nivelului serviciilor. Diversitatea ofertei turistice din staţiunile balneare este considerată ca fiind unul dintre punctele forte ale României turistice. Oferta balneoturistică românească are o concurenţă mare pe piaţa balneoclimatică europeană, fiind rigidă, neperformantă şi neadaptată la cerinţele moderne ale pieţii turistice 2 . Oferta europeană de profil s-a orientat spre curele de susţinere a sănătăţii, venind în întâmpinarea clienţilor cu amenajări moderne de lux, ca piscine de agrement, jacuzzi-jet pool, saună, săli de gimnastică, instalaţii de siguranţă în exploatarea acestor dotări, terenuri de sport, programe speciale, facilităţi turistice etc. Unul din obiectivele de revitalizare a turismului balnear este acela a conştientizării la nivelul pieţelor internaţionale că România este o destinaţie balneoturistică de prestigiu în Europa. Direcţiile de dezvoltare a turismului balnear românesc sunt determinate de dezvoltarea macroeconomică a României, de mai buna reglementare, din punct de vedere legislativ, a problemelor acestei forme de turism şi de implicarea Guvernului României în susţinerea turismului şi turismului balnear românesc. Planul de acţiune al Programului de guvernare pe perioada 2001 -2004, aprobat prin H.G.R. 495/2000, cuprinde obiective precise 3 , termene scurte şi modalităţile concrete de punere în aplicare în domeniul turismului, guvernul considerând turismul domeniul prioritar al economiei naţionale. Astfel, unul din obiective -accelerarea procesului de privatizare, a fost favorizat de hotărârea de guvern prin care Ministerul Turismului prelua competenţele privind efectuarea privatizării, în defavoarea fostului Fond al Proprietăţii de Stat, cu intenţia declarată de a debirocratiza şi simplifica procedurile de privatizare în turism. Un alt obiectiv, încă valabil, este efectuarea integrală a procesului de privatizare. Privatizarea s-a desfăşurat într-un ritm susţinut şi prin finalizarea ei, "forţa schimbării" cum am denumi proprietatea privată, va putea acţiona, va creşte calitatea şi competitivitatea ofertei de turism şi turism balnear şi se va înregistra, din nou, un trend pozitiv în evoluţia indicatorilor ce caracterizează această activitate. Tabelul următor prezintă capacitatea şi activitatea de cazare turistică, pe forme de proprietate, relevă poziţia dominantă a proprietăţii majoritar private, care a atins în jur de 80 % la structuri de primire şi capacitate în funcţiune şi aproape 75 % la capacitate existentă. Marea majoritate a structurilor intrate în proprietate privată au intrat deja în planuri mai mari sau mai mici de modernizare, ceea ce reflectă interesul investitorilor de a schimba imaginea structurilor de cazare, alimentaţie, tratament sau agrement ai căror proprietari au devenit.

Bu çalışma, kültürel miras alanlarının korunmasında arkeoturizmin rolünü incelemekte ve Harpasa Antik Kenti örneği üzerinden değerlendirmeler yapmaktadır. Arkeoturizm, antik yerleşimlerin korunmasını sağlarken aynı zamanda bu alanların turizme kazandırılmasıyla yerel ekonomiye katkıda bulunmayı hedefleyen önemli bir turizm türüdür. Harpasa Antik Kenti de Arkaik Dönemden başlayarak kesintisiz bir yerleşim alanı olmuş ve sahip olduğu mimari yapılarıyla arkeoturizm açısından büyük bir potansiyeli barındırmaktadır. Çalışma, antik yerleşimin bu potansiyelini ortaya
koyarken, arkeoturizmin sürdürülebilirlik, koruma ve tanıtım açısından sunduğu fırsatları değerlendirmektedir. Ayrıca, arkeoturizm yoluyla yerel halkın kültürel mirasa katılımı ve bu alanların korunmasında bilinçlendirilmesinin önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Arkeoturizmin, kültürel mirasın korunmasında ve yerel ekonomilerin canlandırılmasında etkili bir araç olabileceği belirtilmekte ve Harpasa Antik Kenti’nin bu bağlamda nasıl değerlendirilebileceğine dair öneriler sunulmaktadır.

This research investigates the interrelationship between heritage tourism and social capital regarding neighborhood regeneration policies using the El-Shujaiya neighborhood as a case study. Although the neighborhood is endowed with material and immaterial cultural heritage in community traditions and historical sites and buildings, it has experienced urban decay, eroding social capital. Apart from the political situation hindering international tourism, the neighborhood can attract Palestinian visitors. The research aims to formulate primary guidelines where a declining urban area can utilize its heritage assets to regenerate physically, socially, and economically. To achieve the aim, the researcher conducted a group discussion including eight participants representing key actors and stakeholders utilizing a SWOT approach to understand internal and external factors impacting area regeneration and investments in heritage tourism. Findings indicated implementing urban regeneration thr...

Cultural tourism is a large and well-developed field with a considerable body of research, including much work undertaken by the ATLAS Cultural Tourism Research Group. We now know much more about the motivations, activities and profile of cultural tourists and their impacts on the places they visit. We have also identified several key trends in the cultural tourism field, including the cultural, performance, mobilities, creative and curatorial ‘turns’ (Richards, 2021).
In spite of this growing body of knowledge, we are still facing major challenges, such as the expansion of ‘mass cultural tourism’. Tourism is also increasingly under scrutiny, as many destinations struggle with large numbers of tourism arrivals and growing local disquiet about tourism models. Developing ‘new’ models of tourism and spreading tourists from crowded to less touristed places are therefore seen as potential paths towards more sustainable tourism.
This paper reports on a special track of the ATLAS Conference in 2025 organised by the ATLAS Cultural Tourism Project and the Crocus Project. This track examined the theoretical and practical implications of the development of CCT (Cultural and Creative Tourism) in RRA (Rural and Remote Areas), including the relationships between rural and urban areas in shaping tourism flows. The themes of the track included:
• Innovations in cultural and creative tourism
• Sustainability of cultural and creative tourism
• Cultural and creative tourism in rural and remote areas
• Developing Cultural and Creative Tourism in Small cities
• Cultural and creative regions and tourism
• Relationships between urban and rural areas
• Creative networks and creative hubs
• Cultural, social and cultural effects of CCT
• New and emerging CCT practices
• Practice bundles and business models in cultural and creative tourism

A actividade turística, pelas suas características causa um elevado impacto ambiental, devendo o seu desenvolvimento ser condicionado pelas características ambientais onde se insere. Os Sistemas de Informação, principalmente os que representam a informação geográfica, oferecem um ambiente para o desenvolvimento de uma arquitectura que permite ao Decisor a consulta, gestão e construção de cenários de decisão como resultado da aplicação de medidas definidas no Planeamento e Ordenamento Turístico de uma região. A informação associada a esta arquitectura deve ser real e actualizada, então, deve ser considerado um meio de acesso rápido à mesma – Internet. Através de cenários de decisão, a arquitectura referida oferece vantagens competitivas no processo de decisão, uma vez que possibilita a avaliação, previsão e controlo dos futuros impactos ambientais do Turismo.

Os SI e o turismo formam uma aliança bem conseguida e com inegáveis potencialidades para os agentes de decisão e investigadores. O objectivo deste artigo é o de apresentar um caso concreto e real desta aliança, o Sistema de Informação para apoio ao IMPACTUR (Indicadores de Monitorização e Previsão da Actividade Turística), que se encontra em funcionamento e disponível através da Internet, onde se pode verificar e analisar os benefícios obtidos pela conjugação entre os conceitos associados à actividade turística e às tecnologias de informação e de comunicação. O presente artigo resulta do desenvolvimento metodológico de uma componente do projecto de investigação científica denominado IMPACTUR - Indicadores de Monitorização e Previsão da Actividade Turística, sendo este beneficiário da parceria estabelecida entre o Instituto de Turismo de Portugal e a Universidade do Algarve / Centro Internacional de Investigação em Território e Turismo, aos quais a autora agradece o apoio concedido.

This publication is the second of three reports that address the implications of increases in tourism on local users of nature-based recreation settings in the Selwyn District, New Zealand and is intended to be read as part of that series. The first report (LEAP No. 51) outlines the literature and selected research methods while the third examines data gathered from an online survey of recreationists active in the Selwyn District.