Second Screen

Including hypermedia in broadcast video combines content formatted for a lean-forward medium (the Web) with a lean-back one (TV) to form a hybrid medium. We identify four challenges for interacting with and experiencing this new medium. We discuss the role a second screen may play in addressing these challenges.

Emerging online communication landscapes are reshaping the media panorama through the introduction of models based on hyper-personalization and gamification. Live-streaming phenomena, with platforms like Twitch at the forefront, integrates information, entertainment, and social interaction, asserting its importance as a modern sociocultural phenomenon. This research aims to investigate the current scope of international scientific studies on Twitch and live-streaming. To achieve this, the study employed a systematic literature review according to the PRISMA 2020 protocol, consulting the Scopus and WOS databases from 2008 to 2023, with a total sample of 73 articles. Findings reveal a marked increase in scientific publications from 2019 onwards, indicating a rising interest in this phenomenon. The research predominantly focuses on the critical role of social interaction, its impacts-both positive and negative-the streamer's influence, and the platform's role. The study concludes by pointing out several areas that future research should further explore to fully understand the evolving communicative model and its wider implications beyond the gaming.

Os modos de assistir TV estão em constante adaptação -tanto em função da apropriação cultural associada ao uso de novas tecnologias quanto da ampliação ao acesso de dispositivos tecnológicos. E mudanças na forma como o público assiste TV promovem variações na produção de conteúdos para acomodar essas adaptações culturais, relacionando outros dois atores sociais do complexo sistema de televisão (emissoras e anunciantes). O artigo aborda a Segunda Tela como um novo modo de ver TV, e apresenta o ambiente de software utilizado durante 2013 pelo Jornal da Cultura como uma alternativa das emissoras para controlar essa nova experiência televisual.

Second screening is widespread worldwide, particularly in younger populations. We analyze a survey of college students in Brazil and the United States to compare second screening frequency, types, platforms, and motivations between the two countries. Despite lower Internet penetration, Brazilians second screen significantly more than Americans, a result of the country's tradition of interacting with producers of television. In both countries, those who use the interactive affordances of social media are more likely to second screen. As such, we posit this unique audience-driven act works to bridge Web-connected devices and television to create a converged atmosphere. On the night of the finale of Brazilian soap opera Avenida Brasil, tweets with the second-screen adopted hashtag #oioioi peaked at over 10,000 per hour during the broadcast. The popularity of second screening in the country has not gone unnoticed: in 2013, the Brazilian Institute of Public Opinion and Statistics (IBOPE) started collecting data about Twitter conversations during popular national TV shows . Similarly, young people's use of second screening, a hybrid and converged media process that combines television and a second Web-connected screen, is becoming widespread in the United States Pew, 2012).

In dieser Arbeit wird an einem konkreten Beispiel untersucht ob sich audiovisuelle Inhalte des Internets in das traditionelle Ordnungsschema des Fernsehens nach Gattungenund Genreseinordnen lassen. Die Ausarbeitung versucht die Snapchatserie Iam.Serafina dem traditionellen Fernsehgenre des Scripted Realities zuzuordnen. Im einem ersten Schritt wirdanhand medienwissen-schaftlicher-und medientheoretischer Ausarbeitungen sowie der historischen Entwicklungsgeschichte von audiovisuellen Medien des Fernsehens und des Internets überprüft, ob Inhalte des Internets, welche von traditionellen Sende-anstalten hergestellt wurden, mit Artefakten des Fernsehens vergleichbar sind. In einem zweiten Schritt werden aus aktuellen Studien Merkmale des Scripted Reality Genres herausgearbeitet. Die Existenz dieser allgemeingültigen Merkmale in der Serie Iam.Serafina wird durch eine erkenntnisorientierte Film-und Fernsehanalyse überprüft. Schlussfolgernd kann festgestellt werden, dass der Genre-und Gattun...

Governments around the world have implemented a wide array of projects to ensure citizens' access to information and communication technologies (ICTs). Likewise, governments have implemented e-government services to facilitate the interaction between citizens and national and local government agencies and officials. E-government services seek to increase governments' transparency, and citizen participation in the design and implementation of government initiatives. However, the mere existence of e-government services might not be enough for their actual use. This study explores the question about Internet access factors that might influence the use of ICTs for online citizen-government interaction, and asks about the way in which the use of e-government services might influence citizens' perceptions of trust and corruption of local and national government institutions. These questions are addressed through a survey of urban Colombian Internet users. The results of this research can provide elements to complement existing and future government programs and policies.

La television ya no se ve exclusivamente en el televisor. Internet y la telefonia movil destacan como dos plataformas muy atractivas para distribuir contenidos audiovisuales. Por un lado, permiten a la audiencia una mayor participacion y un uso �a la carta�. Por otro, implica para productores y emisores nuevas oportunidades de negocio. Segun Cebrian �las empresas se convierten en factorias de produccion de contenidos para distribuirlos por todos los canales que esten a su alcance. El objetivo de las empresas es empaquetar los contenidos producidos y explotarlos en las diferentes plataformas: telefonia movil de tercera generacion y los portales de Internet�. Ahora bien, el contenido multimedia debera resultar tan interesante para el publico como rentable para sus creadores. Sin embargo, Para Perez de Silva, �la llegada del tercer milenio y sus innovaciones, esta produciendo una sensacion de incertidumbre en los profesionales del ambito de la comunicacion y de la industria de los cont...

In this paper we describe how Twitter is used in various languages. We observe notable differences between languages regarding the use of hashtags, links, mentions, and conversations. We propose two dimensions that can be used to classify languages, each of which is likely to require different ways of analysis.

Este estudo explora o impacto do Facebook na popularização dos programas de entretenimento televisivo em Angola, focando especificamente nos programas "Janela Aberta", da Televisão Pública de Angola, e "A Tarde é Nossa", da TV Zimbo. A pesquisa adota uma abordagem metodológica mista, combinando análise de conteúdo, entrevistas semiestruturadas e pesquisas de opinião, através de questionário, para examinar como o Facebook é utilizado para interagir com o público e como essa interação afeta a audiência e a popularidade dos programas. Os resultados indicam que o Facebook desempenha um papel crucial na promoção e engagement do público, ajudando a aumentar a popularidade dos programas. O estudo conclui que, enquanto o Facebook desempenha um papel vital na popularização dos programas "Janela Aberta" da Televisão Pública de Angola e "A Tarde é Nossa" da TV Zimbo, as estratégias distintas de cada canal-com ênfase em transmissões ao vivo e enquetes para a Televisão Pública de Angola e concursos e conteúdo exclusivo para a TV Zimbo-demonstram como diferentes abordagens nas redes sociais podem influenciar de maneira significativa o engagement e a popularidade dos programas em Angola.

Taking off from the Media Talk approach, this paper examines the communicative work of a Swedish sports webcast football show, Superlive, as an emerging form of web-based media format called Web-TV. This analysis is situated in a context in which broadcasting is going through fundamental changes, and broadcasters are rethinking their content in order to face the challenges arriving with recent decades’ technological developments, and especially the fact that television is no longer restricted to being broadcast but can be distributed through the web and be received on PCs, tablets and mobile phones. In this ‘post-broadcasting era’ producers are searching for new ways of reaching audiences through creating new forms of audience address. Superlive is a good example of these changes and how broadcasters now explore the possibilities of producing television exclusively for the Web. The analysis shows that what is taking place in Superlive is clearly in contrast to the performances one c...

Including hypermedia in broadcast video combines content formatted for a lean-forward medium (the Web) with a lean-back one (TV) to form a hybrid medium. We identify four challenges for interacting with and experiencing this new medium. We discuss the role a second screen may play in addressing these challenges.

For a large portion of its history, sport broadcasting has been stagnant when it comes to incorporating new and innovative technologies. However, due to declining viewership and consumer desire for customizable content, augmented reality graphics have begun to be incorporated into multiple sport broadcast products. In fact, the UEFA Champions League, NBA, NFL, and NHL have all used or indicated their intention to utilize AR graphics in future broadcasts. Considering that media rights revenue is the main source of revenue to sport properties and organizations, it is important to carefully consider how the core product (the broadcast) is presented. The study examined consumer attitudes and intentions towards AR in sport broadcasts by utilizing three types of broadcasts of an NBA game. One of the broadcasts was a traditional broadcast format with no AR enhancement and the other two were enhanced with AR graphics, a coach-mode broadcast that featured AR player tracking and play diagramm...

O texto "Televisão Interativa: a TV do Futuro " apresenta um estudo sobre o conceito de interatividade a partir de programas veiculados em emissoras de sinal aberto VHF. Programas que se autodenominam interativos por chamarem o telespectador a intervir fazendo perguntas , votar em pesquisas, comentar reportagens ou decidir o seu final. No início, o trabalho faz uma breve revisão bibliográfica sobre as possibilidades de interação no modelo de TV atual. A partir desse material, confrontando teoria e prática, constatamos dentro de quais limites esses programas podem ser considerados interativos. No final, o texto comenta as pesquisas hoje realizadas no desenvolvimento da televisão digital, a fusão da TV com a Internet e os principais recursos interativos que serão oferecidos aos usuários e internautas. Palavras-chave: interatividade, televisão interativa, televisão digital

Yeni bir yaşam formu olarak "mobil koza" kavramı değerlendirilerek, mobil cihazların tüketicide yarattığı mobil koza etkisinin ve boyutlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Metodoloji: Mobilitenin yakın bir geçmişe dayanması nedeniyle, koza etkisinin daha kolay gözlemlenebileceği, mobil cihazları hayatın bir parçası olarak görüp tanıyan ve İzmir'de yaşayan 16-26 yaş grubu 543 öğrenci üzerinde anket uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Mobil kozalanma eğiliminin katılımcıların boş vakitleri ile paralel doğrultuda seyrettiği ve mobil cihaz kullanımının genç yaşlarda, nispeten daha düşük eğitim seviyesinde ve kadınlarda daha yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir. Özgünlük: Literatürde mobil bağımlılığa yönelik çalışmalar bulunmasına rağmen, mobil kozalanma bağımlılıktan farklı olarak, kullanılan araçları her eylem için kullanarak hayatı şekillendirmede önemli bir parça haline getirme anlamını taşımaktadır. Bu bağlamda; yenilikçi özelliğiyle literatüre katkıda bulunan çalışma, uygulamalı ve keşfedici bir özellik içermektedir.

Yeni bir yaşam formu olarak "mobil koza" kavramı değerlendirilerek, mobil cihazların tüketicide yarattığı mobil koza etkisinin ve boyutlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Metodoloji: Mobilitenin yakın bir geçmişe dayanması nedeniyle, koza etkisinin daha kolay gözlemlenebileceği, mobil cihazları hayatın bir parçası olarak görüp tanıyan ve İzmir'de yaşayan 16-26 yaş grubu 543 öğrenci üzerinde anket uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Mobil kozalanma eğiliminin katılımcıların boş vakitleri ile paralel doğrultuda seyrettiği ve mobil cihaz kullanımının genç yaşlarda, nispeten daha düşük eğitim seviyesinde ve kadınlarda daha yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir. Özgünlük: Literatürde mobil bağımlılığa yönelik çalışmalar bulunmasına rağmen, mobil kozalanma bağımlılıktan farklı olarak, kullanılan araçları her eylem için kullanarak hayatı şekillendirmede önemli bir parça haline getirme anlamını taşımaktadır. Bu bağlamda; yenilikçi özelliğiyle literatüre katkıda bulunan çalışma, uygulamalı ve keşfedici bir özellik içermektedir.

With the evolution of computers, there was also an evolution in the universe of users of such equipment. The audience became heterogeneous, comprising people of different skill levels. This fact has generated the need to facilitate interaction between computer and users, called usability. Usability testing should be conducted throughout the development of the system because they help identify the needs of users and minimize the stress of the system acceptance. The paper presents a usability method developed specifically for the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), called Scenario and Task Based Interviews (STBI). This method consists of a flexible form of usability testing and it has been adapted to be applied in the context of the IBGE, with the participation of institute interviewers, using PDAs (Personal Digital Assistant) for their data collection. The proposed method consists of two steps: first, the user is observed using the PDA during the field trip and then the user participates in an usability interview with the use of a portable laboratory. Participants are presented to several scenarios, which are explanatory texts that simulate common situations that occur in field work and tasks for him to use the application on the PDA. The entire interaction is videotaped. The analysis of recorded images allowed the researchers to detect several usability problems, to varying degrees.

To better understand what characterizes those who use a second screen while watching sport, the study examine a variety of demographic factors influencing browsing device trends before, during ("second screen"), and after sports games. It does so by utilizing survey data from Israeli viewers of the 2022 World Cup using a convenience sample (N = 242). In line with our hypotheses, those with higher education and higher reported income were more likely to browse devices for information around and during games. Against our hypothesis, young adults were less likely to engage in browsing before, during and after the games, possibly because they tend to watch games with friends or in public places. Divorced and single individuals are more likely to engage in multi-platform browsing and second-screening during sport games vs. married participants, who tended to watch the games with friends or in public places. The results are the first to indicate the important role of marital status in second-screening during sport games. Overall, they depict a picture of the average second-screener as a non-married older male with higher income and education, thus indicating that higher intellect combined with non-marital status, thus potentially more spare time as well as possibly higher levels of loneliness and during games are linked to sport second-screening. The results are the first to highlight the important role of marital status over young age on the tendency to second screen during sport games.

The influence of TV on the educational process is most often evaluated negatively in public discussion: watching TV extensively is said to make you fat, dull and violent. On the other hand a cautious optimism spreads in sciences. TV provides a lot of information about the world and allows viewers to obtain a general view of other people's opinions and behaviour. On the occasion decoding of contents is not linear. In a constructivist imagination of learning it is an interactive process, where the content is put into relationship with real experiences and the individual conception of the world. The predominance of entertainment in TV makes heavy demands on the educators. Whereas being in class is compulsory, watching TV follows personal dispositions and actual interests. For this reason young people increasingly look for entertaining, well-prepared and interesting lessons.

This study integrates theories of mass-media effects with research on relative deprivation to explore the relationship between media exposure, perceptions of inequality, and political outcomes. Based on a representative sample of the Colombian adult population ( N = 1,031), this study shows a negative relationship between news exposure and perceptions of income inequality but also a positive link between entertainment content and citizens’ understanding of income gaps. Moreover, our findings suggest that more realistic perceptions of inequality, shaped by media exposure, are positively associated with redistributive policy and participation behaviors, with a moderating role of socioeconomic stratum.

In the context of the United States, research shows a positive relationship between network heterogeneity and political expression on social media at the individual level. This study builds on that research, relying on multilevel analysis that (1) leverages a twenty-country comparative survey and (2) includes country-level data on freedom of expression. Results show a positive relationship between network heterogeneity and political expression on social media across countries, but that relationship is stronger where freedom of expression is more limited.

This article seeks to explain political persuasion in relation to second screening-people's use of a second screen (i.e., smartphone/laptop) while watching television to access further information or discuss TV programs. Employing a two-wave-panel survey in the United States, results show this emergent practice makes people more open to changing their political opinions, particularly among those who habitually use social media for news or frequently interact with others in social media contexts. Participatory online media afford people greater ability to engage in emergent communicative practices that increasingly help to shape public narratives about political events. Some have argued that this newfound ability gives news audiences more power relative to elite social institutions than they had in the past (Benkler, 2006). That is, individuals have become less dependent on political parties, interest groups, and news media organizations as sources of political information, because they are free to rely on information from other citizens. In this vein, some scholars point toward "second screening" as a communication practice that alters the relationship between news media organizations and their audiences (Anstead & O'Loughlin, 2011; Chadwick, Dennis, & Smith, 2016). More than two-thirds of U.S. adults own a smartphone (68%), and nearly half (45%) own a tablet computer (Pew, 2015). These devices are often used while

Dieser Beitrag beschreibt eine Studie zur Nutzung von Twitter als interaktive Erweiterung des statischen Mediums Fernsehen. Dabei wurden ca. 3.700 Live-Tweets zu einer Folge der deutschen Krimireihe Tatort nach Inhalt und Funktion kategorisiert und anschließend in Hinblick auf vornehmlich medienwissenschaftliche Erkenntnisinteressen untersucht. Die Studie liefert Ergebnisse zur Medienkonvergenz von Twitter und der Krimireihe Tatort.

Der Grand Prix Eurovision ist seit Jahrzehnten eine der bekanntesten Unterhaltungssen-dungen im europäischen Raum. Dennoch erregte es Verwunderung, wenn der Schrei-bende Bekannten darüber berichtete, daß dies ein Forschungsgegenstand sei. Wurde von Interviews mit Grand Prix-Fans erzählt, so fielen schnell Aussagen wie: "Wie kann man sich nur für so etwas Abseitiges und Triviales wie den Grand Prix interessieren". Den-noch bin ich der Meinung, daß Fankulturen für die entstehende Mediengesellschaft ein nicht unwichtiges Forschungsthema darstellen. Zwar geht es nicht um eine medienpä-dagogische Fragestellung im engeren Sinne; die Fans des Grand Prix Eurovision sind dem Jugendalter längst entwachsen. Dennoch handelt es sich bei Fangemeinschaften um Phänomene, die im Rahmen von Jugend-und Kinderkulturen von besonderer Rele-vanz sind. So meint Winter (1997), daß jugendliche Fanwelten eine bedeutende Rolle als Kristallisationspunkte kultureller Differenzierung spielen: ,Die Zugeh...

The aim of this research was to explain the importance of sport in the use of digital media services on mobile devices. Relevant factors related to mobile TV usage were identified and the strength of their influence was analyzed to show that sport is a driving force for mobile TV usage. Inspired by service-dominant logic (SDL) and the sport value framework (SVF), an innovative research model was specified and tested empirically among three samples from Australia, Germany, and the U.S.A. SDL and SVF suggest value is always co-created and context dependent. Thus, usage situations were integrated as contextual factors in a structural equation model, with interest in sport and other psychological factors as independent variables and mobile TV usage intention as dependent variable. This study is one of the first empirically testing what motives lead to mobile sport viewing and how interest in sport drives mobile TV usage. The empirical findings imply that consumer interest in sport is hi...

A paucity of work exists regarding how advertising fares on the growing technology of tablets. This study examines the processes and attitudes toward advertising while streaming TV and movie content on tablets, using the predictors of advertising avoidance, irritation, and skepticism. A survey of adult iPad users in the United States reveals that while ad avoidance did not differ between the iPad and television, ad irritation was significantly higher on the iPad. Further, whereas both ad skepticism and irritation were correlated with avoidance, it was irritation that was the predictor, not skepticism. Implications for the future of TV advertising on the iPad are discussed. This study provides an understanding of the underlying processes and attitudes toward advertising while streaming TV and movie content on the tablet computer. To date there has been only a limited amount of work on how viewers encounter advertising on tablets, particularly compared to more traditional television viewing. Using the established predictors of advertising avoidance (Speck and Elliot 1997), advertising irritation (Aaker and Bruzzone 1985; Fennis and Bakker 2001), and advertising skepticism (Obermiller and Spangenberg 1998), and the relationship of the predictors (Huh, Delorme, and Reid 2014), this research examines individuals' overall attitudes toward advertising while streaming on the tablet-using the Apple iPad as the device of study-as compared to watching TV and movie content through traditional means, the television set. After decades of consumers accessing media through traditional, often linear means, they now have an innovative and dynamic delivery system that can service a multitude of mass media needs. The tablet computer is altering the physical, psychological, and sociological spaces that surround today's media consumption experiences, as this new approach to watching, listening, and reading becomes more commonplace. This is particularly true for TV programs and movies, many of which can now be streamed online. Now, watching no longer means having to sit in front of a television set to access broadcast and cable network programs, as online platforms such as Hulu, Netflix, and YouTube all offer alternatives. While many of these online streaming options have been available for several years through personal computers, they are now much more accessible and portable because of the modern tablet, which was initially introduced by Apple in 2010 as the iPad. Since that time a number of other companies have introduced tablets; however, the iPad continues to play a dominant role in the field. According the Pew Research Center's Project for Excellence in Journalism (2012), 38 percent of adults in the United States used a tablet to watch movies online weekly. Globally in 2014, tablets and other mobile devices accounted for 21.5 percent of all video plays, a 133 percent increase from the previous year, and a 532 percent increase over two years earlier (Ooyala 2014). While the content of programs watched on the tablet is generally the same as that watched on a television-that is, programs are generally CONTACT Stephen McCreery

Commonly conducted alongside political TV viewing, second screening is a new media use behavior that merits explorations at diverse levels. But the research on second screening is still in its infancy. To deeply understand the complicated mechanism of second screening and its influence in a political milieu, this study focuses on the second screening activities aroused by televised political campaign news and programs, and (1) identifies specific categories of second screening activities during television campaign exposure, and (2) establishes the indirect influences of each type of second screening activity on individuals' cognition (political knowledge) and behavior (political participation) through internal (internal political efficacy) and external (political discussion) factors.

Purpose-Aiming to explore how audience consume and produce media events in the digital, distributed and social era we live in, the paper analyzes the viewing patterns of video news items during a media event (the week of Donald Trump's presidential visit to Israel, the first to a country outside the US), compared to a parallel comparable "ordinary" period (two weeks later, in which no inordinacy events occurred). The comparison focused on simultaneous activities of audiences engaged with the event, with either related (i.e. second screening) or unrelated (i.e. media multitasking). Design/methodology/approach-The research is a diary study based on a dedicated mobile app in which respondents reported their news-related behavior during two periods: a media event period and comparable "ordinary" period. Findings-Participants reported watching significantly more news video items in the first day of the media event week compared to the first day of the "ordinary" week. More than half of the viewing reports of the media event were not on TV. In the media event week, there were significantly higher percentages of viewing reports on smartphones/computers and significantly higher percentages of second-screening reports. Originality/value-This is the first study that empirically explores the viewing patterns of video news items during a media event, compared to an "ordinary" period, focusing on media second screening of audiences engaged with the event. This comparison may reveal whether (1) media events still retain their centrality in a multi-screen era and (2) the role of the internet and online social media in the experience of media events.

İnternet kullanımının yaygınlaşması ile birlikte bilgi akışı hızlanmış ve tüketicinin alışveriş yapma şekli değişmiştir. Dolayısıyla günümüzün yükselen eğilimi olan internet üzerinden alışverişin her geçen gün daha fazla ilgi görür hale geldiği görülmektedir. Online alışveriş sayesinde coğrafi sınırlamalar ortadan kalkmakta ve kullanıcılar daha fazla bilgiye, çok daha az zaman ve maliyet ile ulaşabilmektedirler. Dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de tüketicilerin hayat tarzlarının değişmesi, iş yoğunluğunun artması ve zaman darlığı gibi faktörler, internet üzerinden alışverişin hızlanmasına katkı sağlamıştır. İnternet ortamında açılan pek çok sanal mağazanın, farklı sayıda ve kalitede seçenekler ve hizmetler sunarak tüketicilere küresel ürün yelpazesi arasından tercih yapma şansı sağladığı görülmektedir. E-ticaret ile pek çok ürün internet üzerinden dünyanın her yerinde alınır satılır hale gelmiştir. E-ticaret ile pazarlaması ve satışı yapılan yaygın ürünlerden biriside giysidir. Çalışmada, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu tarafından yapılan 2021 yılına ait Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri Kullanım Araştırmasından elde edilen mikro veri seti kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada 15 yaş ve üzeri bireylerin cinsiyet farklılıklarına göre internet üzerinden yapılan giyim alışverişlerinde etkili olan sosyo-demografik ve ekonomik faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre, kadınların web sitesi veya mobil uygulama üzerinden giyim alışverişlerinde yaş, meslek, hanenin dizüstü bilgisayar sahipliği, gelir, bölge ve eğitim durumu etkili olmaktadır. Erkeklerin web sitesi veya mobil uygulama üzerinden giyim alışverişlerinde ise yaş, meslek, gelir, bölge, hanenin masaüstü bilgisayar sahipliği ve hanenin dizüstü bilgisayar sahipliği durumu etkili olmaktadır.

This paper presents the second screen application GUIDER that aims to offer an advanced way for users to discover and select a TV content to watch from unified sources (linear TV, Catch-up TV and VoD). For that it uses a set of filtering criteria and displays detailed information over an innovative user interface. The GUIDER was developed to be used in those mindless zapping situations, where the viewers do not know in advance what they are in the mood to watch on TV. The development of this App was made with the support of a Portuguese IPTV operator and is fully interconnected with its technical infrastructure.

Auch wenn der Begriff ‹Streamen› im medienwissenschaftlichen Wortschatz neu erscheint, so gilt dies doch nicht für die damit bezeichnete Konfiguration von Technologien, Formen und Praktiken. Zu ihren frühen Beispielen gehören etwa Experimente zur Übertragung von Klängen und Musik über das Telefon (seit den 1860er-Jahren), Jukeboxes und andere Musikautomaten (seit den 1880ern), Radiosendungen (seit den 1910ern), das Einspielen konservierter Hintergrundmusik in Warenhäusern und Fahrstühlen (seit den 1930ern), gemeinnützige Internet-Radio-Initiativen (seit den 1990ern) und Online-Video (seit 1992) (vgl. Vonderau 2015). Wer heute von ‹Streamen› spricht, meint damit indes kaum diese früheren Verfahren. In seinem gegenwärtigen Verständnis ist der Begriff auf den Mainstream massenmedialer Unterhaltung verengt, den Marktmonopolisten wie Netflix, Amazon oder Spotify auf ihren markengeschützten Plattformen zugänglich machen (vgl. Thibault 2015). Als Streamen medialer Inhalte-Radiosendungen, Live-Übertragungen von Sportereignissen, Filme, Serien und andere Fernsehshowswird deshalb nun vor allem die simultane und gekoppelte Übertragung und Wiedergabe über das Internet bezeichnet. Im Unterschied zum Herunterladen wird beim Streaming keine Kopie der Daten auf dem eigenen Rechner angelegt, die medialen Inhalte werden direkt abgespielt; die Daten werden nur kurz zwischengespeichert, anschließend wieder gelöscht. Obwohl verschiedene Codierungen und Formate des Streamens schon lange existieren, ist es erst in den letzten zehn Jahren dank zunehmender Bandbreite der Datenübertragung zu einer dominanten Form des Medienvertriebs geworden. So gaben in Deutschland 2015 in einer Studie 76 Prozent der Befragten an, mindestens gelegentlich Videostreaming zu nutzen. Ein weiterer Grund für die Verbreitung von Video-On-Demand-Abodiensten (SVOD) wie Netflix und Amazon Video liegt in ihrem Geschäftsmodell. Zu einem niedrigen Monatspreis locken sie Kunden mit dem Versprechen stetig wachsender Kataloge. Die immer größere Popularität von SVOD-Anbietern könnte mittelfristig dazu führen, dass das Streamen

This study integrates theories of mass-media effects with research on relative deprivation to explore the relationship between media exposure, perceptions of inequality, and political outcomes. Based on a representative sample of the Colombian adult population ( N = 1,031), this study shows a negative relationship between news exposure and perceptions of income inequality but also a positive link between entertainment content and citizens’ understanding of income gaps. Moreover, our findings suggest that more realistic perceptions of inequality, shaped by media exposure, are positively associated with redistributive policy and participation behaviors, with a moderating role of socioeconomic stratum.

O estudo tem como objetivo propor uma reflexão no que se refere à constituição da memória coletiva e o papel da televisão neste processo. O argumento reside na ancoragem das narrativas midiáticas em memórias de caráter coletivo. Acredita-se que, ao recuperar esses elementos do passado, a televisão aciona a memória do telespectador e, através do laço social televiso (WOLTON, 1990), as comunidades de telespectadores passam a criar e/ou atualizar as lembranças desse grupo que, posteriormente, serão compreendidas como a memória coletiva. Assim, partimos da concepção de Memória Coletiva defendida por Halbwachs (1990). Como enquadramento metodológico, o presente estudo parte de uma perspectiva teórica e discute os pressupostos teóricos à luz da série The Crown (Netflix-presente). O estudo aponta que ficções seriadas baseadas em fatos reais podem alimentar e reatualizar memórias coletivas, como também propiciar o desencadeamento de memórias colaborativas ao recuperar lembranças e constitui...

This study expands the exploration of a consumer behavior concept that has received considerable attention recently:  the fear of missing out (FoMO).  Several variables were analyzed in terms of their potential influence on FoMO:  social media usage, self-concept, social identity, smartphone usage, innovativeness, and gender.  The study builds upon the premise that the construct has two distinct components:  a personal dimension and a social dimension.  The importance of these results is discussed in terms of advancing FoMO theory as well as assisting practitioners in directing their promotional efforts. 

On March 15, 2011, Donald Trump changed television forever. The Comedy Central Roast of Trump was the first major live broadcast to place a hashtag in the corner of the screen to encourage real-time reactions on Twitter, generating more than 25,000 tweets and making the broadcast the most-watched Roast in Comedy Central history. The #trumproast initiative personified the media and tech industries’ utopian vision for a multi-screen and communal live TV experience.

In Social TV: Multi-Screen Content and Ephemeral Culture, author Cory Barker reveals how the US television industry promised—but failed to deliver—a social media revolution in the 2010s to combat the imminent threat of on-demand streaming video. Barker examines the rise and fall of Social TV across press coverage, corporate documents, and an array of digital ephemera. He demonstrates that, despite the talk of disruption, the movement merely aimed to exploit social media to reinforce the value of live TV in the modern attention economy. Case studies from broadcast networks to tech start-ups uncover a persistent focus on community that aimed to monetize consumer behavior in a transitionary industry period.

To trace these unfulfilled promises and flopped ideas, Barker draws upon a unique mix of personal Social TV experiences and curated archives of material that were intentionally marginalized amid pivots to the next big thing. Yet in placing this now-forgotten material in recent historical context, Social TV shows how the era altered how the industry pursues audiences. Multi-screen campaigns have shifted away from a focus on live TV and toward all-day “content” streams. The legacy of Social TV, then, is the further embedding of media and promotional material onto every screen and into every moment of life.

Most apps for mobile devices are designed to be used in isolation. Even apps for communication, like chat or social networks, still isolate users from others who are physically present in the same room. We designed and programmed Butter It!, a multiplayer game for iOS that encourages people to interact with collocated individuals via their mobile phones. Players race to butter the most pieces of toast on their phones, while an iPad serves as the virtual stick of butter that players scoop. Players enjoyed the competition and would interact with each other in ways we had not imagined, like physically pushing each other to impede each other's progress, and future versions of this app would further encourage this type of local interaction.

Auf der deutschen Website von YouTube wird die seit etwas über einem Jahr auch in Deutschland etablierte Funktion mit dem Slogan »Go big, go live« beworben. Livestreaming wurde 2015 und 2016 als einer der wichtigsten Social-Media-Trends verhandelt. Der große Erfolg der letzten Jahre ist vor allem auf die Verknüpfung mit Facebook und Twitter zurückzuführen, die es den Nutzern ermöglicht, ihre Live-Videos direkt an ein bestehendes Netzwerk anzuschließen und an vorhandene Freunde und Follower zu adressieren. Zudem fällt er mit der zunehmenden Echtzeit-Kommunikation zusammen, die sich sowohl in den klassischen sozialen Medien durch die Kenntlichmachung von Sende-, Empfangs-und Lesezeit als auch in Videotelefonaten oder-nachrichten mittels Skype, Facetime oder Snapchat ausdrückt. Bereits in den 1950er Jahren, als sich der Fernseher als Massenmedium etablierte, wurde das Prinzip ›Live‹ zum Gegenstand einer umfassenden ästhetischen und später auch programmatischen Diskussion. Als ein Wortführer der sog. ›Live-Ideologen‹ galt Gerhard Eckert, ein populärwissenschaftlicher Autor, der bereits seit den späten 1930er Jahren Fernsehkritiken verfasste.

Combining television and a second, web-connected screen, is challenging both in technical and production content issues, as they can influence users' engagement with the content. The case study presented in this paper aims to discuss how the use of different content recognition techniques for TV set and mobile devices synchronization can impact for better or worse the users' interactive experience. From a triangulation method approach, using a prototype, quantitative and qualitative questionnaires and focus groups, user test sessions were carried out in order to collect perceptions and reactions from participants using variations of QRcode, hashtag and audio watermark markers when second screening. Data analysis showed that a key factor for a fruitful content recognition for dual screening is not only the seamless