Organized Retailing

Retailing has been changing facet in the country. The retail industry is one of the most established industries in the world. In the Asian-Pacific nations, consistent rise in the proportion of the best 250 retailers was observed. In developing countries growth has been consistent, instigated by state reforms that have motivated investing. The demographic setting has also played a key role in boosting growth in the retail industry. This paper adopts four store atmospheric cues namely store layout, music, light, and cleanliness as they have been noted to have more significant cues and make positive impact on customer buying behaviour. Questionnaire method used to collect the data from apparel store and further analysed by SPSS 22 and AMOS 22 statistical software and generated SEM model to checked hypothesis. Results show that selected store cues make positive impact on customer emotions and persuade them to visit in future for shopping.

This paper has studied various components of Virtual Merchandising at Jewellery retail outlets in Madurai city, Tamilnadu and it aims to find out how and to what extent jewellers incorporate visual merchandising, that appeals to the customers and lead to a potential purchase. The primary data was collected through a questionnaire from 600 respondents across Madurai city. AMOS, Correlation and Regression analysis was carried out to find out the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The major findings in the light of the objectives of this study were that most of Jewellers need to have attractive window displays, proper stores layout, appealing visual merchandising themes to attract present and potential customers into the outlet. It is also understood that the most important aspect of visual merchandising in Jewellery retailing is to have proper lighting and attractive display themes with numerous designs.

ABSTRACT: Customer contact centres are one of the types of businesses that support digital operations, where goods and services are offered as a bundle of products. Through these centres, consumers can both access sub-services related to telecommunication services and purchase the technologies that will enable this access. The fact that the telecommunications sector has become a locomotive sector in many countries worldwide makes it necessary to understand customers' behaviour. At this point, it is also essential to investigate how they behave in contact centres, which are part of the holistic channel. This study examines the behaviour of store customers who visit contact centres using non-computational methods. The study also compares the observed behaviours according to demographic data and tries to understand the dynamics of the purchase decision process. In this way, the effects of shoppers' profile characteristics, in-store movements and store structure on the termination status and duration of shopping were revealed. While differences were detected according to gender, no significant differences were found according to age in the findings. Similarly, the importance of consumers' in-store movements for sales was presented. It is thought that the results obtained in the research will contribute to both customer contact centres and future research, especially the local authorities of the company where the store data is received. KEYWORDS: Customer Tracking, In-Store Behaviour, Camera Monitoring, Communication Center, Consumer Behaviour ///// ÖZET: Müşteri iletişim merkezleri, mal ve hizmetlerin bir ürün demeti olarak sunulduğu dijital operasyonları destekleyen işletme türlerinden biridir. Bu merkezler aracılığıyla tüketiciler hem telekomünikasyon hizmetlerine ilişkin alt hizmetlere erişebilmekte hem de bu erişimi sağlayacak teknolojileri satın alabilmektedir. Telekomünikasyon sektörünün dünya genelinde birçok ülkede lokomotif bir sektör haline gelmesi, müşterilerin davranışlarını anlamayı gerekli kılıyor. Bu noktada bütünsel kanalın bir parçası olan iletişim merkezlerinde nasıl davrandıklarının araştırılması da gereklidir. Bu çalışma, iletişim merkezlerini ziyaret eden mağaza müşterilerinin davranışlarını hesaplamalı olmayan yöntemler kullanarak incelemektedir. Çalışma aynı zamanda gözlemlenen davranışları demografik verilere göre karşılaştırmakta ve satın alma karar sürecinin dinamiklerini anlamaya çalışmaktadır. Bu sayede alışverişçilerin profil özelliklerinin, mağaza içi hareketlerinin ve mağaza yapısının alışverişi sonlandırma durumu ve süresi üzerindeki etkileri ortaya konulmuştur. Bulgularda cinsiyete göre farklılıklar hesaplanırken, yaşa göre anlamlı farklılıklar elde edilememiştir. Benzer şekilde, satış yapılabilmesi için tüketicilerin mağaza içi hareketlerinin önemi ortaya çıkartılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen sonuçların başta mağaza verilerinin alındığı firmanın yerel yetkilileri olmak üzere hem müşteri iletişim merkezlerine hem de ileride yapılacak araştırmalara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Müşteri Takibi, Mağaza İçi Davranış, Kamera İzleme, İletişim Merkezi, Tüketici Davranışı

There is a lack of study on the concept of "perceived crowding," despite its significance in the field of design and several retail stores may be affected by it. However, the few empirical studies conducted on the topic yielded results that seemed to run counter to one another and made use of varying conceptualizations of the construct. To better understand consumers' actions in crowded stores. This exploratory research aims to provide light on the concept of perceived crowding and how it affects consumer behaviour intention. By identifying significant elements affecting crowding perception and underlining its effect on customer behaviour intentions, this research contributes to the Retail Industry. For the purpose of this pilot study, data from fifty different respondents have been obtained via the use of a survey questionnaire. The findings indicate that there is a positive and significant link between perceived crowding and customer behaviour intention.

The study had been planned to investigate the effect of four components of retail store
environment (light, employees, layout and music) and shopping enjoyment tendency on
impulse buying behavior of the people in the area of Faisalabad during the year 2016. The
data were recorded using convenient sampling technique from 214 respondents. The results
of the study showed that store environment droved impulse buying through urge. However
individual variable shopping enjoyment tendency influenced on impulse buying through
urge. Moreover, this research had some limitation as list of antecedents of impulse buying,
and to the outcomes of store environment. At the end it is concluded that, retail managers
should invest in improving the store environment to increase the level of impulse buying in
their stores. Specifically, they need to focus on enhancing friendliness of store employees,
playing appropriate music, designing proper layouts and having well-lit stores to encourage
impulse buying.

This article offers a theoretical analysis of evolutionary processes in WBSS strategies. For that purpose, we propose a research model that shows strategy patterns. Based upon the model, we identified several types of strategies. In our research model, WBSS are classified into four types: (1) general-direct-sales (GDS); (2) general-intermediary-sales (GIS); (3) specialized-direct-sales (SDS); and (4) specialized-intermediary- sales (SIS). On the basis of these four categories of WBSS, we analyze the characteristics of WBSS and suggest five evolution strategies for WBSS, which have implications for both theory and practice. Amazon.com’s strategic movements, such as product line expansion through alliance and acquisition, provide an exemplary case of the evolution of WBSS strategy. We expect that this research will serve as a guide for Internet businesses and as a catalyst for new research agendas relevant to Web-based shopping and electronic commerce.

The task of shopping for apparels is no more a simple activity. The advent of multi-channel marketing trend has made the whole scenario very complex. Thus, one needs to think upon a number of factors which lead consumers’ decision about purchase channel selection for apparels to gain maximum shopping satisfaction. Though, all of these factors may or may not be equally important but they do affect the buying decision and shoppers’ satisfaction to some extent. The aim of this paper is not to identify these factors, rather to determine the extent to which they affect the consumers’ decision regarding purchase channel selection.

This research explores the impact of background music on consumer perceptions and buying behavior in retail settings, aiming to uncover its strategic implications for store management. A quantitative approach was adopted, surveying 288 retail shoppers to gauge their perceptions and behaviors in response to background music. Findings indicate a strong positive correlation between the presence of music and enhanced shopping experiences, enjoyment, and alignment with brand image. Respondents reported that music influenced their decision to stay longer, make unplanned purchases, and perceive product quality more favorably. These findings highlight music's role beyond ambiance, serving as a potent tool for influencing consumer emotions and behaviors in retail environments. The study concludes with implications for retail practitioners, emphasizing the importance of strategic music selection to create favorable shopping atmospheres and foster customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Despite studies that exist on in store environment affecting consumer behaviour, there are still contradictory findings on propositions presented. In view of the contradictory findings, this study depicts the consumer behaviour in East Africa, Kenya and prevailing aspects in supermarkets. This study proposes an integrative conceptual model on how ambience characteristics could ensure positive consumer behaviour among retail customers. The study recommends that supermarket in Kenya should endeavour to initiate programs that will emphasize on scent as opposed to music and lighting as the latter do not affect consumer behaviour while scent does.

Despite studies that exist on in store environment affecting consumer behaviour, there are still contradictory findings on propositions presented. In view of the contradictory findings, this study depicts the consumer behaviour in East Africa, Kenya and prevailing aspects in supermarkets. This study proposes an integrative conceptual model on how ambience characteristics could ensure positive consumer behaviour among retail customers. The study recommends that supermarket in Kenya should endeavour to initiate programs that will emphasize on scent as opposed to music and lighting as the latter do not affect consumer behaviour while scent does.

Green marketing has emerged as a notable trend within the industry today. This approach has led to the rebranding and repackaging of existing products to meet eco-friendly standards. Additionally, the advent of green marketing firms has enabled companies to jointly market their products along specific environmentally friendly lines. However, this has also led to situations where the environmental attributes of some products are highlighted over others. This discussion delves into the realm of green marketing, examining both the challenges and opportunities it presents for businesses engaged in this practice. It further discusses the reasons behind companies' adoption of green marketing strategies and concludes with the observation that green marketing is both increasingly practiced and in demand.

Online impulse buying has become a significant phenomenon with the proliferation of e-commerce, drawing considerable academic attention over recent years. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the research landscape on online impulse buying. Online impulse buying behaviour is an unplanned, sudden urge to buy a certain product or service with immediate gratification that consumer's exhibit while shopping in an online setting and behaviour is affected by plenty of intrinsic and extrinsic factors (Verma & Singh, 2019). By employing bibliometric techniques, VOSviewer aims to identify intellectual contributions in the field of impulsive buying, such as prolific authors, most active journals, highly cited documents, most commonly used keywords, affiliations, and trends of publications over time. For this, 875 articles from the Scopus database from 2015 to 20 June 2024 are considered. Our findings indicate the United States is leading the country list for producing the maximum number of documents. The most frequent keywords were impulsiveness, Impulsivity, Impulsive behaviour, Electronic commerce, and Consumer behaviour. The paper suggests a specific future research agenda in online impulse buying behaviour that has been determined from bibliometric analysis. This study offers practical implications for both academicians and practitioners.

This paper intends to analyze the impact of store layout, ambient factors, and employees on impulsive decision-making among female customers visiting the apparel outlets. The responses were collected through a single-stage mall intercept survey method using a structured questionnaire from 385 respondents in leading apparel stores in selected Tier I and Tier II cities in the state of Karnataka, India. The responses were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Constructs such as store layout, ambience and employees were found to be significantly positively correlated with impulse buying behavior. The variables largely explain the variation in impulse buying under store ambiance. Except ‘attention to the window display’ and ‘friendly staff’ all other twelve variables considered in the study were found to have significant impact on the impulse buying behavior. Though store ambiance, well-structured layout, and pleasant shopping experience are essential determinants of customer sati...

Are we being served? Consumer versus retailers perceptions of customer service expectations within selected menswear stores. 2001 BREMNER, P.A.M. and FREATHY, P. 2001. Are we being served? Consumer versus retailers perceptions of customer service expectations within selected menswear stores. Presented at the 11th international European association for education and research in commercial distribution conference (EAERCD),

The art of visual displays and the arrangement of merchandising solutions in a shop is virtual merchandising, which improves layout and design, increases development, sales and thereby profitability. Visual merchandising affects the shopping experience directly, making it relevant for retailers to ensure an efficient nature of their business climate. The main aspiration of this study is to figure out the visual merchandising elements which influence on an individual's purchase intention. A sample of 356 respondents available at different fashion stores in Malaysia was used to get the study outcomes following the quantitative analysis. The Smart PLS 3.0 was used for analysing the data. This study claims that there is a positive and significant relationship between store layout and consumer's intention to purchase. Then, a positive and significant relationship is also found between product display and consumer's intention to purchase. Furthermore, a positive and significant relationship is found between colour & lighting and consumer's intention to purchase. Moreover, a positive and significant relationship is not found between cleanliness and consumer's intention to purchase. The outcomes of this study will help the policy makers, government and entrepreneurs to make their fashion stores gorgeous. This study would enable fashion retailers to build more insightful, engaging online shops, which will then boost retail sales online.

Over the last two decades, consumer behavior has changed remarkably. Consumer needs and choices have been diversifying steadily. In this extremely diversified and competitive business environment, retailers need to stay updated regarding the changing needs and choices of the customers. Thus, to develop a competitive position for themselves in the marketplace the retailers are experimenting every possible way to create a mark in the minds of the customers. They are trying to create a strong impact on their behaviors. Overall, the retailing sector has been passing through a period of sweeping revolution due to the introduction of new retailing formats. In this changing retail environment, the organized retail sector has been gaining ever-increasing importance in recent times. Moreover, with the changing nature of consumer behavior, it is the high time when the retailers should focus on the three primary aspects, viz. consumer preference, demand, and lifestyle. Together, these three aspects are playing an important role in the new retailing environment. Hence, it is essential to get an idea of the customer perception regarding the store architecture; store infrastructure, store satisfaction, and what enhances store loyalty. Therefore, the study will investigate the fundamental framework of store image and its influence on the consumer behavior. This theoretical study will not only contribute significantly to the literature in this field but also will be very helpful for the professionals in this field, academicians, and retail entrepreneurs. It will enhance the knowledge of all concerned regarding the impact of store image on the consumers and how that can influence their buying behaviors.

Today, retailers are increasingly making use of various in-store influencers for converting browsers to spenders. However, success depends on how the customers perceive these influencers. The phenomenon of purchasing has been studied in consumer research as well as for example in psychology and economics since the 1950s. This study attempted to investigate the relationship of various factors, with buying behaviour of consumers in the Organized Retail Sector of Lucknow City of Uttar Pradesh, India. This article empirically evaluates the perception of the customers towards various in-store stimuli that is merchandise, promotion, displays and ambience, across stores located in Lucknow.

Unplanned buyers are always considered as a dream segment for marketers. many times, consumers buy the product due to their sudden unplanned buying intention rather than their need. That is the reason unplanned buying pattern and behaviour is one of the most demandable topics for investigation by the marketers as well consumer behaviour researcher from last half centuries. This research aim to explore, impact of the combination of store attributes like light ,scent, music, displays and efficient employees and personal attributes like customer's shopping enjoyment and the effect of their store perception. On customer unplanned buying intention. This research has done by a survey method by collecting data with the help of structured questionnaire. The finding of this study will be helpful to the retailers to plan their investment on store ambience that motivate the store visitors to browse the store for longer time which further help them to do unplanned shopping. At the same time it will guide the marketing researchers to understand the unplanned buyer's insight and explore some more influencing factors which affect the unplanned buying behaviour as well as post purchase behaviour .

Marketing based on stimulating customers' senses is used mainly in luxury brand stores, which often position sensations above the product itself. The atmosphere present at the point of sale has become one of the main attributes for brand choice and loyalty. Sensory marketing techniques go beyond the rational side of processing information coming from the external environment, acting on the buyer's unconscious by generating instinctive reactions. The paper contains a study which aimed to identify the perception and influence of sensory marketing techniques used in Zara textile brand stores on customer behaviour. The study also aimed, by formulating and testing hypotheses, to identify the effects of multisensory stimulation methods and the causes that negatively affect their effectiveness.

Today retail in not a new word for Indian customer, however the rising retail formats are changing the entire image as well as creating tough issues and challenges in front of Indian retailers. They are now designing and modifying their retail format having variety of retail products with several services for untouched segment of the rural market. In this paper, researcher examines the retail prospects in the development of rural market and share the challenges faced by the retailer for capturing rural market. This review paper attempts to provide a brief literature on rural marketing and finally offers policy recommendations for better performance of rural markets and to observe the potentiality of Indian Rural Markets This study is also an attempt to find that how to explore the potential of rural retail market of India, accessing their needs for products, brands and finding out various problems are being faced by rural markets. Further, this paper explores how retail companies ha...

The role of demographic factors (age, gender, income, education, and occupation) and various apparel product categories on the online impulse buying behaviour (OIBB) of apparel consumers is investigated in this research. Data was collected using a convenience sampling (non-probability) method. The 404 apparel customers in Delhi (NCR) participated in the survey using a structured questionnaire. Multiple regression, percentage analysis, and chi-square tests were performed for data analysis. The multiple regression results revealed that gender, age, education, and occupation were significantly and inversely associated with the impulse buying behaviour of apparel consumers. Further, the results indicated that income was significant and directly associated with the OIBB for apparel consumers. ANOVA findings indicated that apparel consumers’ demographic factors (age, gender, income, education, and occupation) have a significant simultaneous impact on the OIBB of apparel consumers. It was ...

The art of visual displays and the arrangement of merchandising solutions in a shop is virtual merchandising, which improves layout and design, increases development, sales and thereby profitability. Visual merchandising affects the shopping experience directly, making it relevant for retailers to ensure an efficient nature of their business climate. The main aspiration of this study is to figure out the visual merchandising elements which influence on an individual's purchase intention. A sample of 356 respondents available at different fashion stores in Malaysia was used to get the study outcomes following the quantitative analysis. The Smart PLS 3.0 was used for analysing the data. This study claims that there is a positive and significant relationship between store layout and consumer's intention to purchase. Then, a positive and significant relationship is also found between product display and consumer's intention to purchase. Furthermore, a positive and significant relationship is found between colour & lighting and consumer's intention to purchase. Moreover, a positive and significant relationship is not found between cleanliness and consumer's intention to purchase. The outcomes of this study will help the policy makers, government and entrepreneurs to make their fashion stores gorgeous. This study would enable fashion retailers to build more insightful, engaging online shops, which will then boost retail sales online.

Retail sector expanding with fastest rate in India. Total retail sector is growing at a much faster rate of 45-50% per annum. From which, organized retail reported 16% for the year 2011-121. At the same time traditional retail formats have predominately covered the market. Now, the retail formats are operating with more sophistication in order to provide a new and distinct experience. The Modern retail stores are providing now a new shopping experience to customers and constantly providing a wide range of choice. In order to know how the modern formats appeals to consumers on different dimensions or parameters various studies were carried out. In the literature the relationship between store attributes and preference for retail format is also examined. This study focuses on, why consumers prefer a modern retail store in comparison with a traditional retail store.

The apparel and clothing industry being positioned at first place and also the spending on apparel and clothing among the customers increasing with each passing day; it becomes imperative to study the changing behavior of consumers. The purpose of this study is to expand the knowledge of apparel buying behavior of Indian consumers and in a practical sense understanding the factors which influence their purchase intentions. The current study examines causal linkages among Promotional factors, reference groups, Store Attributes, Product attributes and Consumer characteristics in apparel buying behavior. It empirically investigates the cause-and-effect relationship among the dimensions of consumer buying behavior towards branded apparels and develops a model through Structural Equation Modelling.

Indian Retail Market is going through a transition phase. With retail environment getting modernized and customers gradually shifting from the culture of shopping at small neighborhood kirana stores to large hypermarkets. With more and more fancy shopping option in hand in form of growing number of malls and supermarkets and with more number of international counterparts entering the sector, consumer is being spoilt for choice. The share of organized retail in total retail sector in India is growing at a remarkable rate. Many domestic as well as international players have already penetrated in this market. Competition is at its high pace. Great focus is on the consumer preference over the attributes of retail stores that are considered important. It is assumed that such factors play a significant role in converting footfalls into actual sales. The aim of the study is to identify the factors affecting consumer behavior and preference related to shopping at organized retail stores. In...

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate possible differences and similarities across European countries in terms of shopping culture, and identify in which constructs or dimensions these differences occur. The results suggest that European countries do differ in terms of shopping-related lifestyles and that these differences are related to responsibility, quality, shopping enjoyment, shopping as a social activity, and online shopping, as well as overt and covert shopping behaviour. Therefore, it was concluded that there seem to be many shopping-related lifestyles in Europe, not a single unified one.

With services becoming the impetus of growth in economies across the world, quality has emerged as one of the critical issues that need adequate attention. Customers have a larger role to play in defining the success of services as these are customer-oriented in nature. The complex nature of services makes it imperative to satisfy customers in the most competitive manner. This necessitates creation of bond with the customers. Relationship quality as a comprehensive construct aims at development of trust, commitment and satisfaction with the customers. The present study seeks to validate the relationship quality scale in the context of retail services in India. This would contribute to the upcoming retail sector in India by revealing the crucial parameters of relationship quality as it will assist retailers in achieving market success based on healthy customers' relationships.

This study focuses upon men's store preferences when shopping for fashion and apparel items and represents an extension of Torresa, Summers and Belleau's (2001) research, which displayed a rank-order of ten shopping preferences of male University students. An additional item of 'ease of finding items', which is arguably a critical component of consumers' first impressions of a store and their degree of comfort in-store, was included in the rank-order activity of the current study. The participants of the current study were drawn from the general population, consisting of a convenience sample of 226 men of all ages. Similar to the findings of Torresa, Summers and Belleau (2001) quality, price and selection of merchandise were the three most important factors when selecting a fashion store. However, ease of finding items was ranked 5th of the 11 attributes. The findings of the survey research are combined with a store audit analysis that reinforces the need for retailers to improve their store layout and design to appeal to the growing market segment of "hunter" versus "gatherer" shoppers, particularly for young male shoppers.

Retail sector expanding with fastest rate in India. Total retail sector is growing at a much faster rate of 45-50% per annum. From which, organized retail reported 16% for the year 2011-12. At the same time traditional retail formats have predominately covered the market. Now, the retail formats are operating with more sophistication in order to provide a new and distinct experience. The Modern retail stores are providing now a new shopping experience to customers and constantly providing a wide range of choice. In order to know how the modern formats appeals to consumers on different dimensions or parameters various studies were carried out. In the literature the relationship between store attributes and preference for retail format is also examined. This study focuses on, why consumers prefer a modern retail store in comparison with a traditional retail store.

The purpose of this paper is to promote understanding of types of consumers in India in organized retail sector. The main objective of the study was to identify and categorize the types of consumers visiting the organized retail stores. For collecting the primary data, at each store 30 samples were selected for this purpose based on convenience. The data collection method was an informal interview and discussions with consumers for about 15 to 20 minutes at the exit door of the three identified organized retail stores operating in Ahmadabad .The original identity of the respondents and store is disguised by coding. The findings of the consumers' categories were identified through the conversational interviews. The consumers were then finally categorized based on findings are described as, Economic Consumers, Hedonist Consumers, Moralistic Consumers, Active (Involved) and Inactive Consumers, Definite and Indefinite Consumers, Individualistic Consumers, Recreational Consumers. There was an implicit recognition of qualitative data management as an iterative process.

Both perceived service quality and labour productivity are assumed to be positively related to profitability, but a possible trade-off effect between these two phenomena could distort these relationships. In an exploratory study, measures of perceived service quality, customer satisfaction and patronage behaviour were collected from customers in four Swedish grocery stores, representing four combinations of profitability and productivity. These measures were compared with productivity and profitability measures for the stores. Although perceived service quality was positively related to customer loyalty, there was no link to profitability. However, the results indicate a negative relationship between labour productivity and perceived service quality.

While consumers play a very crucial role in the marketing strategies of companies, effective development of strategies must satisfy their needs and wants. Therefore, an evaluation and understanding of the underlying factors and/or dimensions influencing consumer buying behavior are critical for supermarkets to both retain and acquire new customers. The article reports on factors impacting the consumer buying behavior and the relationship among the factors. The study uses data from a cross-sectional survey conducted within a random sample of 699 customers at 17 supermarkets in Nairobi, Kenya. Reliability and factorial validity of the self-administered questionnaire were evaluated and considered satisfactory, while structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test several hypotheses. Social characteristics were a good predictor of the consumers' inclination to patronize a supermarket, thus directly influencing the buying behavior. A strong positive connection between psychological factors and buying behavior was ascertained based on income, which suggests that although psychological characteristics impact consumer attitudes towards the supermarket, income and education levels may well play a determining role in this regard. Retail marketers in general and in Kenya in particular are encouraged to be cognizant of the above when developing strategic marketing programs to increase the level of patronage. As a research paper, the study is limited to the data and prior empirical research. It offers the benefit of new research directions for marketing managers in understanding and satisfying the consumers. The main contribution of the present research, interdisciplinary in nature due to combining elements linked to both marketing and psychology, is its focus on consumer buying behavior towards supermarkets in a developing country, thus producing revealing insights.

The objective of this article is to investigate the influence of retail shopping environment and impulsive buying tendency on unplanned buying. With this objective, this research examines how display of the goods inside the store, appearance and helpfulness of store employees and crowd inside the retail store affect impulsive buying and such buying tendency among Indian shoppers. Using multiple regression analysis, it is observed that retail shopping environment considerably influences the impulsive buying tendency of the shoppers and this tendency leads to spontaneous buying. The results reveal that retail shopping environment and consumer impulse buying tendency encourage impulse buying positively. In addition, it is found that store employees have no influence on impulse buying tendency among Indian shoppers.

Past few years have witnessed the entry of a number of organized retailers in various modern formats in metros and other important cities which has also changed the consumer buying behavior. Though India is Land of cultural diversity the emerging Mall culture is bringing unity in purchasing pattern and buying behavior, but at the same time the majority of customer belonging to lower and middle class, having more faith in traditional kirana store or hats or old traditional markets. Share of organized retail is still very small but its impact is huge, and at the same time the study also revealed that the unorganized retail sector is deep rooted in India soil and total transformation may take a very long time. The present paper focuses on studying consumer population according to the preference towards organized retail and unorganized retail based on their trait like income, sex, family structure, age etc. Fisher Discriminant Analysis is used here for segmentation. Income was a prominent parameter followed by Age and Distance of shop/mall as seen by Wilks" Lambda test statistic. The result of classification revealed 87.8% of original grouped cases correctly classified. The result may be useful for analyzing the market segmentation for the new retail setup or promotion of the existing retail setup both.

Large emerging economies like India present major challenges to international marketers as well as to academic theorists. The retail sector in India is particularly challenging because, numerically, it is the world's largest and most heterogeneous, with millions of tiny small traditional outlets competing with thousands of rapidly growing and expanding modern retail chain outlets. Based on extensive fieldwork in India entailing observation, interviews and secondary research, this paper presents a multifaceted view of how consumer patronage of small traditional stores provide competitive advantages to these small competitors. The empirical results suggest historical patterns do not apply in this context. Managerial and theoretical implications follow. The working conclusion is that retail developments in India and other major emerging economies would require not just innovations in practice but strong, ongoing efforts for theoretical renewal so that better explanatory frameworks are available for understanding marketing strategies and consumer behaviors in emerging settings.

the aim of this study is to explore the role of rural retailers and examine how they influence rural consumer's purchase behaviour. Also, how rural retailers, as a part of unorganized retailing represents their unique characteristics was investigated. The parameters of retailer's merchandising, their advantages of social capital, vulnerability and drawbacks stemming from remoteness was reexamined too. This article took a consolidative literature review method where secondary information and data were collected. Numerous journals, research article, publications written on rural retailers were collected, analysed and evaluated. Renowned database and search engines like Google scholar, Elsevier, Emerald, and JSTOR were reviewed for collecting relevant and significant journal articles and research papers. This study later tried to synthesize how as a vital link of the urban to rural supply chain, rural retailers act as a 'lifeline' of daily necessities for rural consumers. Though the rural retailers play a crucial role in the supply chain, they are hardly discussed in western academic journals. Similarly, the researchers of developing nations appear to be more enthusiastic to research western retailing models and their contribution in retailing industry. Therefore, any paper on unorganized rural retailing holds a great deal of significance and distinctiveness. Subsequently, as the rural retailers have an important role in seamless supply chain operation and building consumer purchasing preference which contributes to the development of emerging economies. Thereby, the unmistakable need of future, indepth research on rural retailers became very evident throughout this article.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to identify the underlying factors of impulsive buying behavior that would impact consumers’ buying behavior and eventually their purchase intentions.   Methodology: This research is based on the philosophy of positivism and employs a quantitative examination. In order to reach to our target market, we have used convenience sampling (non-probability sampling) and tried to gather the data in the original shopping environment i.e. a survey in shopping malls. A sample of 400 was gathered and analyzed. The SPSS version 20 is used for data analysis. Findings: Results of this study show that a consumer’s mood has a significant impact on buying as it can trigger impulse behavior in consumers. Person situations can also influence   impulse buying for example time, money and the fear of missing out can all trigger impulse buying. Store layout can also trigger that unplanned purchase which means store lighting, the music of the store and ambiance may a...

This study critically examined the factors influencing customer patronage of fast food outlets in Benin City. Specifically, the independent variables examined include quality of service delivery, brand image and price and how they relate to customer patronage. The study adopted survey research design. The population includes all customers that patronise fast food outlets in Benin City, Edo State. Fifty (50) respondents each were chosen in four fast food outlets namely: Mr. Biggs, Mat Ice, Kada Food and Omega Food to have a sample size of two hundred (200) out of which 188 questionnaires were found useable, amounting to 94%. The data analyses were done using both descriptive and inferential statistics. All analyses were done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 22.0) software. The study revealed that there are positive and significant relationship between the independent variables (service quality and brand image) and customer patronage except price that showed negative and not significant relationship with customer patronage. Based on these findings, the study recommended that fast food operators should continue to maintain high quality service delivery that will enhance the brand image of selected fast food outlets.

This study critically examined the factors influencing customer patronage of fast food outlets in Benin City. Specifically, the independent variables examined include quality of service delivery, brand image and price and how they relate to customer patronage. The study adopted survey research design. The population includes all customers that patronise fast food outlets in Benin City, Edo State. Fifty (50) respondents each were chosen in four fast food outlets namely: Mr. Biggs, Mat Ice, Kada Food and Omega Food to have a sample size of two hundred (200) out of which 188 questionnaires were found useable, amounting to 94%. The data analyses were done using both descriptive and inferential statistics. All analyses were done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 22.0) software. The study revealed that there are positive and significant relationship between the independent variables (service quality and brand image) and customer patronage except price that showed negativ...

The paper presents the results of an empirical research having as a goal the identification of Romanian retailers' behavior during the crisis and the establishment of the strategic alternatives that could be followed in conditions of uncertainty regarding the future evolutions of this sector. The research has at its basis an investigation realized on a representative sample at a national level. Starting from a few hypotheses, we propose to find some correlations between phenomena, facts and indicators related to Romanian retail sector, the research leads to highlighting some strategic options regarding prices, costs, the assortment, financial sources, etc.

The main objective of this study was to understand the concerns and problems faced by older people in an industrializing middle-income country, Malaysia, in their process of acquiring products to meet their everyday needs. Respondents aged 55 and over were interviewed in eight states throughout Peninsular Malaysia providing 1356 usable questionnaires; two-thirds from urban and one-third from rural areas. Education, health status, and life satisfaction were recorded. Service patronage behaviour was examined for four main categories of commonly-sought consumer goods: groceries, health supplements, apparel, eating outlets, plus selected services (public transport, vacation packages and financial services). The findings showed that older adults in Malaysia are rather discerning consumers. Many respondents are price conscious and have developed consumer attitudes with regard to attitude of staff and assistance rendered. Many display a good ability to discriminate and to select, especially on the basis of price and durability of products and many appear to be acting as effectively as consumers in any other age group.

The waiting line is an essential element in the consumer's assessment of the overall shopping experience. Perceived idle time while waiting in the queue exaggerates the negative response to wait duration and affects the overall customer satisfaction. The store employees find it hard to muddle through peak hours and deal with the demand for a speedy process. The inefficient queuing system can lead to productivity and monetary losses from an operational outlook. This study explores the determinants of emotional discomfort encountered by customers waiting at the retail checkout. The study pursues a descriptive research design and is cross-sectional. Survey research was employed to ascertain customers' perceptions of their wait experience. The sample consisted of 385 respondents visiting the target organised outlets located in various localities in Bengaluru. Pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis, and SEM are applied to examine the data. Regardless of their age and gender, respondents experienced emotional discomfort at the retail checkout. Various situations while waiting in the queue appeared to influence the emotional discomfort significantly. This study suggests that while waiting in the queue at the retail checkout, situational factors influence emotional discomfort and subsequently persuade store switching intentions. The findings of this study are pertinent to retail outlets selling diverse merchandise and having situations requiring waiting. The study concludes that emotional discomfort is predominant during the checkout process in Indian retail outlets.

This study aimed to examine the effect of brand equity dimensions measuring the impact of brand equity on purchase intension of smart phones in Kathmandu. Descriptive and causal research design was used for the study. Structured questionnaires were administered for collecting data. Structured equation modeling was applied for validating the proposed model and measuring the influence of brand equity dimensions on purchase intentions of smart phones. Independent sample t-test and ANOVA was used to test the effect of moderating variables on purchase intention. The research fount brand loyalty and brand awareness were the influential factors for purchase intention of smart phones. Females performed significantly more than males in purchase intention. Qualification had no significant differences on purchase intention of smart phones. The findings of this study add values to the literature and its applicability of brand equity, brand awareness and purchase intensions which helps to formulate polices and strategies.

This study aims to propose and evaluate a model to better understand customer-based brand equity in the Dish Home Nepal. Dish Home of Nepal provides digital satellite television services direct to subscribers without use of any wire, cables or cable infrastructure throughout the region of coverage structured. Using questionnaires, a survey was conducted to 214 subscribers of Dish Home in order to collect the data and structure equation modelling was used to measure the effectiveness of brand equity drivers of Dish Home. The research found brand awareness and perceived quality had no effect on brand loyalty. Brand association has significant effect on brand loyalty. Dish Home Company should focus on brand loyalty programs to increase and retain brand loyal customers.

This study aimed at investigating the relationships between store environment factors, personality factors and impulse buying behaviors in Egypt. In addition, the mediating roles of shop enjoyment tendency and impulse buying tendency were also investigated. The data were obtained using a structured questionnaire from 500 participants, with a reasonable mix of demographic characteristics, recruited from mega mall customers working in Cairo –Egypt. The results indicated that three personality factors (impulsivity, excitement, and esteem) and two shop environment factors (music and layout) were significantly associated with impulse buying behavior. In addition, impulse buying tendency appeared to fully mediate the relationships between personality factors, shop enjoyment factors and impulse buying behavior. While shop enjoyment tendency appeared to fully mediate the relationship between store environment factors and impulse buying behavior, but did not mediate the relationship between ...

Today, minimarket competition in Bandung is very tight. It seen by minimarket in Bandung was overload by Dinas KUKM Perindag of Bandung. Until december 2013, Dinas KUKM Perindag of Bandung has registered 615 minimarket in Bandung, while tolerance number of minimarket in Bandung is only 360 units. This fact show that minimarket competition in Bandung is very tight and need a research about how the consumer preference of minimarket with convenience store concept in Bandung. It aims to understand consumer preference of minimarket with convenience store concept in Bandung. Attributes on this research based on retail mix elements that are merchandise assortment, price, communication mix, store design and display, customer service and location. Analysis technique used was conjoint analysis that produces the value of utilities and important of any attributes and level. Data collection is done by spreading the questionnaire to 400 respondents. The result of this research showed that consume...

This research investigates the key success of traditional retails in small cities in Indonesia and the dominant factors that attract people to become their consumers. The object of the research is traditional retails in a small city named Cimahi in Indonesia. The subject is the consumers of traditional retails with the criteria of: have already reached a mature age, have their own income, have already shopped in a traditional retail business with a minimum of ten times. To get the maximum results, a descriptive research method with a quantitative approach is used. The data is analyzed using factor analysis, rank test, and meaningful analysis. The result shows that most traditional retails are run by the owner and his/her family. The owner also doubles as an employee who serves the consumers. From the 38 factors that are analyzed, only six of them are proofed to be the determinant of the success of traditional retails. Those six factors attract consumers to shop in traditional retails. Those six factors will be the subject of discussion and debate on this journal. The research results contribute to entrepreneurs' behavior in operating their traditional retails.