Modern Retail

This research examines the portrayal of social support theory in Kristin Hannah's historical fiction novel, The Nightingale. Set in France during World War II, the novel explores the complex relationships between sisters Vianne and Isabelle, and their struggles to survive and resist the Nazi occupation. Through a critical lens, this analysis applies James S. House's social support theory to demonstrate how the novel highlights the crucial role of emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal support in promoting resilience and well-being in the face of trauma and adversity. The project is structured into three chapters: 'Introduction', 'Social Support Theory in The Nightingale' and 'Summing Up', which follow the guidelines of the latest MLA Handbook.

Classical mythology has long served as a foundational narrative structure within Western literature, often framing women through reductive patriarchal archetypes-witches, monsters, obedient wives, or tragic victims. In recent decades, however, feminist writers and scholars have increasingly engaged in a radical reinterpretation of these myths, transforming them into acts of narrative resistance. This study explores how contemporary feminist retellings of classical myths reconfigure ancient narratives to reclaim female voice, agency, and subjectivity. Focusing on literary texts such as Madeline Miller's Circe, Pat Barker's The Silence of the Girls, and Natalie Haynes's Stone Blind, the research analyzes how mythic women-once silenced-are reimagined through strategies of narrative focalization, intertextual revision, and trauma representation. These novels, far from merely offering alternative perspectives, challenge the ideological scaffolding of classical texts and expose the gendered violence embedded within them. Additionally, the paper examines feminist reinterpretations across visual media, including Japanese manga, modern dance, and graphic novels, to highlight how cross-cultural and interdisciplinary approaches extend the scope of mythic subversion. The analysis is grounded in feminist literary theory, ecofeminism, and intersectionality, revealing how these retellings participate in broader cultural movements such as #MeToo and decolonial critique. Ultimately, the study demonstrates that feminist myth-making is not just a literary act but a political one-redefining myth as a dynamic site of resistance, memory, and reimagination.

Market dominance, widely fluctuating prices, and demand patterns make small producers vulnerable to market forces and increase the risk of income uncertainty. Identifying and describing vegetable marketing channels and marketing functions performed by marketing agencies, it is necessary to analyze the efficiency of vegetable marketing channels. The research method used was a survey method by conducting 35 samples of farmers who farmed three commodities, namely large chilies, cabbage, and chinese cabbage—selected snowball sampling method for marketing agencies. The data analysis used is marketing channel analysis, marketing margin analysis, farmer's share, and marketing efficiency. The research results show that there is only one marketing channel pattern, namely farmers - collectors - wholesalers - retailers - consumers. Moreover, in every sales transaction, the market power rests with the wholesalers as price makers. Several functions include purchasing and selling parts and fa...

Purpose: This study explores how mall image dimensions of atmosphere, design, and employee interaction affect customer experience in Malaysian retail malls. It also examines the role of shopping motivation as a mediator in these relationships, framed within Cognitive Appraisal Theory (CAT) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT). Research Design, Data, and Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 269 shoppers in Klang Valley, Malaysia, using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) via SPSS and SmartPLS to assess the relationships between mall image dimensions, shopping motivation, and customer experience. Results: The study found that mall atmosphere and design did not significantly affect customer experience. However, employee interaction had a significant and positive impact, particularly for shoppers with higher intrinsic motivation. Shopping motivation also mediated the relationship between employee interaction and customer experience. Conclusions: The findings emphasize that employee interaction plays a crucial role in shaping customer experience, outweighing the influence of physical mall attributes. Retail managers should prioritize staff training and engagement strategies, especially for motivated shoppers, to enhance customer satisfaction. This research contributes to the literature by integrating emotional and motivational factors into the understanding of customer experience, offering valuable insights for retail strategies in an increasingly competitive online market.

This research looks into the significance of community engagement in heritage conservation of Bangladesh, which includes the colonial buildings of Sylhet MC College and the Amborkhana Dargah, as case studies. Conservation of the built heritage includes protection and reuse, but, in Bangladesh, many heritage sites are threatened by urbanization, abandonment and poor legislation. This study scrutinizes the roles local communities play in the sustainable preservation of cultural heritage, and considers challenges and advantages via in-depth qualitative case studies, interviews, and field observations. As a result, the residents feel a sense of belonging that offers long-term prospects for the protection of their heritage. Local awareness initiatives, religious and cultural practices and community-based fund-raising efforts have all helped to slow down demolition and also offers support in maintaining the facility. Yet there are still many difficulties, for instance, a lack of professional talents in communities, the conflict between modernization and protection, and a lack of government support. The study highlights the need to combine community participation with expert conservation and government policies. Recommendations feature encouraging cooperation between communities, government departments and architects, the insertion of heritage education in school curricula, involving local communities within conservation work, and increasing community-based tourism as a means to develop long-term funding. This research also demonstrates the importance of community involvement as a building block in maintaining the heritage of Bangladesh in times of rapid urbanization.

The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term "country" in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

The Cognitive Retail Modernization Framework presents a paradigm shift in retail technology evolution, offering an alternative to traditional approaches that often fail to deliver expected results. This framework recognizes legacy systems as repositories of valuable business logic that can be enhanced through artificial intelligence rather than replaced entirely. By embedding cognitive capabilities into existing systems, retailers create an intelligent hybrid environment that combines proven technology with advanced AI capabilities across four integrated components: cognitive layer integration, predictive analytics implementation, intelligent process automation, and hyper-personalization engines. The framework's implementation methodology follows a structured, phased approach designed to deliver incremental value while managing risk and minimizing business disruption. This article examines the limitations of traditional modernization strategies, details the components and methodology of the Cognitive Retail Modernization Framework, presents a case study of successful implementation, and analyzes both benefits and challenges associated with this approach.

The Indian retail sector is one the most complex and dynamic sector, it is an amalgamation of the traditional mom and pop stores and modern retail, modern retail although is still in its nascent stage is growing at the very fast pace and transforming the retail landscape of India. The retail sector has evolved as one of the largest players among all the industries. The growth in the organized retail during the recent years is evident by the fact that various shopping malls are sprung up all over the country which is the evidence of its growth. This rise of organized retail has posed many challenges to the unorganized retail as they are constrained by the lack of technology, limited storage place, low investments and many more .These stores have to adopt strategies that would make their business relevant to the current scenario. They have already started taking measures like for making the store air conditioned, hiring right employee for the job, active advertising and promotion of the business, etc. By implementing this course of action the unorganized retail can sustain and survive in the competitive market. The purpose of this research paper is to seek impact of organized retail malls on grocery stores and approximate the various challenges faced by grocery stores, with the advent organized retailers and suggests various effective strategies to grocery store owners to overcome the competition offered from the organized retailers in Nashik city.

Focus This FAC Policy Brief presents what we have termed ‘The Seven Habits of Highly Effective Farmers’ Organisations’. This seeks to provide some insights into what may be described as the ‘critical elements of success’ in highperforming farmers’ organisations in Africa. The seven ‘habits’ identified are: (1) Clarity of mission; (2) Sound governance; (3) Strong, responsive and accountable leadership; (4) Social inclusion and raising ‘voice’; (5) Demand-driven and focused service delivery; (6) High technical and managerial capacity; and (7) Effective engagement with external actors. These habits offer a useful checklist of working principles and practices to assess the performance of farmers’ organisation in Africa and elsewhere.

The cultivation of greenhouse products has a special importance in Koh giluyeh-va-Boyerahmad Province in the South West of Iran . This study aims to examine factors affecting the m arketing margin of greenhouse cucumbers and tomatoes in the province in order to develop an app roach for solving problems and to expand the market of these agricultural products. The required data have been collected through filling a questionnaire by 40 gre enhouses owner, 40 retailers and 25 wholesalers of the produ cts in 2012. The results revealed that the total marketing margin, wholesalers and retailers are 4670, 1800 an d 2870 Rials for greenhouse cucumber and 4500, 1980 and 2520 Rials for greenhouse tomato, respectively . From the price paid by consumer, the portion of pr oducer, wholesaler and retailer were 71.4, 17.2 and 11.4, r espectively for cucumber, and 74.4, 14.9 and 10.6 f or tomato, respectively . The results of estimated marketing margin function using mark-up model indicated that reta...

Transformation of food system in Indonesia can have a profound impact on the supply chain of smallholder farmers. Policymakers are concerned about the impact of "modern food retail penetration" or "supermarket penetration" on Indonesian food chain participants. This study aims to analyze the link between supermarket penetration and smallholder farmers' welfare. Data were obtained from a survey involving 300 smallholder horticulture farmers from two regencies: Malang and Kediri. The data were analyzed to shed light on these issues. Endogenous switching regression was used to analyze the impact of participation in modern food marketing channel on both food security and welfare. The results of the econometric analysis suggest that there is a link between participation in the modern market and food security. In addition, this study also highlights that the presence of a new system of food supply chain is able to increase smallholder farmers' income through the stability of price and demand.

The purpose of this research was identifying socio-economic characteristics affected on respondents’ participation in contract farming. The survey was conducted using structured questionnaire in populous states namely Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Perak, Selangor and Johor in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of one-hundred and sixty seven FFV farmers were randomly selected and personally interviewed. Logit analysis was carried out to identify determinants that influenced fresh fruits and vegetables (FFV) farmers participating in contract farming. The findings in the paper show that, based on the output from logistic regression, ownership, land size, education background, perceived benefit, complicated process, lacking in opportunities and price risk are dominant variables influencing FFV farmers’ willingness to participate in contract farming. Land ownership, land size, education and perceived benefit are dominant variables that positively influenced FFV farmers to participate in...

As a highly perishable product, sales and marketing are very important for fresh milk produced by dairy farmers. This paper aimed to analyze the sales and marketing of fresh milk done by smallholder dairy farmers in West Java. Data used in this paper is a part of the IndoDairy Smallholder Household Survey (ISHS) data collected during August-September 2017, covering 600 smallholder dairy farm households in Bandung, Garut, Cianjur, and Bogor Regencies. Descriptive statistic analysis using tabulation was employed to process the data. Almost all the dairy farmers sold fresh milk, except one in Bogor who sold milk in the form of processed milk. Almost all farmers (98 percent) sold their fresh milk to dairy cooperatives, showing dairy farmers' strong dependency on the dairy cooperatives. The price of fresh milk received by the farmers ranged from Rp4,794/L (Bogor Regency) to Rp4,212/L(Cianjur Regency), giving an average of Rp4,459/L. Due to the strong dependency on the dairy cooperatives, it is important to strengthen dairy cooperatives' management capacities to help dairy farmers improve their milk quality, and hence prices, as well as dairy farmers' welfare.

The purpose of this study was to study the supply of potato seed in West Java, Indonesia. The research respondent is farmers who use seed, with a sample of 377 farmers and a survey of all seed breeders totaling 43 farmers, using proportionate stratified random sampling. This research report is also complemented by a review analysis of potato seedling development in the last five years. There is considerable interest in the potential that can be developed, productive aged farmers, and adoption of new technologies. Factors exerting a strong influence include capital, technology, adequacy of seed, the proportion of certified seed, and farm credit. Factors identified as influencing the level of demand include the proportion of certified seed, seed prices, capital, and credit allocation for potato farming; at the level of supply factors that can exert influence are the availability of seed, the selling price of seed, and the capital of breeding farmers. Policy simulation on the use of ce...

Banyaknya supermarket di kota mataram yang ada memberikan banyak pilihan bagi konsumen untuk memilih tempat berbelanja. Untuk merebut perhatian konsumen, suatu supermarket harus mempunyai karakteristik atau ciri tertentu yang berbeda dari pesaingnya yang dapat diunggulkan. Hal ini dapat mendorong minat konsumen untuk berkunjung dan berbelanja di supermarket mereka. Penelitian deskriptif adalah suatu metode dalam menganalisi suatu kelompok manusia, suatu objek, suatu set kondisi, suatu sistem pemikiran, ataupun suatu kelas pristiwa pada masa sekarang. Tujuan dari penelitian deskriptif ini adalah untuk membuat deskripsi, gambaran atau lukisan secara sistematis, faktual, dan akurat mengenai fakta-fakta, sifat-safat serta hubungan anatara penomena yang diselidiki. Hasil penelitian dilakukan pemetaan supermarket di kota mataram yang memenuhi variabelvariabel penelitian yang sesuai keinginan partisipan. berikut ini adalah peringkat supermarket-supermarket di mataram yang secara umum dapat memenuhi semua kategori yang diminta oleh variabel penelitian. peringkat ini menggambarkan persaingan di kota mataram dalam jenis jasa retail besar.

Efficient marketing will prosper the actors in each marketing agency, producers and consumers. Efficiency will be created if marketing costs can be minimized so that the percentage of producer prices to consumers is not too large, and there is no gap in the profit ratio to marketing costs between marketing agencies. The study aims to analyze marketing efficiency of tangerines and siamese in Gadingkulon Village. Data were collected from 87 citrus farmers who were selected by simple random sampling. Traders were determined by snowball sampling, consist of 17 collectors, 5 wholesalers, and 7 retailers were selected. Data were edited in the field, tabulated, compiled, then presented in tabular form, analyzed and described. The results showed that tangerines and siamese in Gadingkulon Village had an imperfect competitive market structure which was monopolistic. Marketing of the two types of oranges involves four channels i.e. collectors, retailers (inside and outside Malang Regency), and wholesalers. Oranges marketing system is not yet efficient, where wholesalers have larger profit margin ratio than other market players. Marketing channels I and II for tangerines are more efficient than channels III and IV. Meanwhile, marketing channel I for siamese is more efficient than channel II, III, and IV.

A local food system is an alternative food network that shortens and more effectively structures the supply chain system. An intermediary actor functioning as an aggregator is needed in the local food system. The food hub is one such intermediary actor with an essential role in strengthening the local food system and increasing the competence of small farmers to compete with large-scale food distribution. Many studies have been conducted on the effectiveness and efficiency of food hubs; however, changing the supply chain system to one that is based on a local food system is challenging. This study aims to build a conceptual model that describes the activities and coordination of the actors involved in a food hub to achieve a local food system. In this study, a soft system methodology and case study approach are used to answer the research question. The results show that two transformations are needed to achieve a local food system: changing the supply chain system to one that is sho...

Traditional markets give life to about 50 million people, through the market in number 13,650, but the other face of various problems, such as the environment is dirty and shabby, cramped premises space. This situation raises challenges for market managers to be able to create a market that has an appeal for buyers and compete with the modern market. As for the respondents in this study include 222 Buyers. The survey was conducted by using questionnaires and interviews. Results of analysis using a matrix QFD House of Quality, consumers will need attributes of traditional markets as many as 28 attributes, while the technical design to respond to those needs as many as 21 attributes. The results recommend that 21 technical design can be used to design the revitalization of traditional market-based consumer needs and at the same time be able to answer the demand of consumers in traditional markets.

Most business districts and economies now have foreign direct Investments especially within the supermarket retail operators who are first generation Chinese or of Chinese descent. In these same trading environments are locally owned competitors. Some of the locally-owned and operated counterparts have not been as comparatively successful and are not able to overcome the same challenges and business environment that the Chinese operated ones have survived in. The differentiating factor appears to include cost saving strategies, practices, coupled with great focus and concentration. This report contains a review of the contemporary cost saving practices of the Chinese operated supermarket retail enterprises in the Pacific countries, from the available literature.

Perkotaan merupakan kawasan pemukiman yang secara fisik ditunjukan oleh kumpulan permukiman dan memiliki fasilitas untuk mendukung kehidupan warganya secara mandiri. Jatinangor merupakan kecamatan yang terdapat di Kabupaten Sumedang yang sudah mencirikan Kawasan Perkotaan. Untuk dapat mengoptimalkan perkembangan kawasan perkotaan di Kecamatan Jatinangor, maka sistem pusat pelayanan kawasan perlu diarahkan ke dalam rencana tata ruang kawasan. Metode data pada penelitian menggunakan teknik observasi dan untuk metode analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian menggunakan deskritif kuantitatif. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah hierarki pusat pelayanan kawasan di Kecamatan Jatinangor yang terdiri dari 12 Desa terbagi kedalam tiga hierarki pusat pelayanan. Hierarki pertama yaitu Pusat Pertumbuhan Kawasan yang terdiri dari Desa Hegarmanah, Cipacing, Sayang, Cikeruh, dan CIbeusi. Kemudian hierarki kedua adalah Pusat Kegiatan Perindustrian yang terdiri dari Desa Cintamulya, Jatimukti, Mekargalih, dan Cisempur.untuk hirari yang ketiga yaitu Pusat Permukiman yang terletak di Desa Jatiroke, Cileles, dan Cilayung. Bentuk struktur Pusat Pelayanan Perkotaan Jatinangor merupakan konsep konsentris, dengan pola perkembangan perkotan berada di tengah-tengah kawasa sebagai daerah pusat kawasan. Bentuk struktur Perkotaan Jatinangor pembangunan konsep konsentris, pola perkembangan kotanya berada di tengah-tengah Perkotaan Jatinangor sebagai daerah pusat Kawasan

The agricultural sector is the leading sector in the Indonesian economy. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L) or commonly called the "queen of fruits" is one of Indonesia's mainstay exotic fruits. Since the 1970s until now, demand for exports has continued to increase, so that it can be said that the mangosteen fruit is the prima donna of Indonesia's mainstay exports. One of the biggest export destination countries for Indonesian mangosteen is China. Mangosteen producing countries besides Indonesia, there are Thailand and Malaysia as mangosteen producing countries which export to China. This study aims to examine and analyze the market share of mangosteens from Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia and to see the competitiveness of Indonesian mangosteens in the Chinese market. Market share is an indicator in reviewing the marketing performance of mangosteen fruit products. This market share is usually expressed as a percentage (%), which is used to determine the percentage of potential market for increased Indonesian mangosteen production. In addition, there are import volumes, import prices, and the total import value of mangosteen in the Chinese market in view of competitiveness between countries. This research was conducted using secondary data from 2011-2020.

This research paper has been attempted to inventory the atmospheric factors, contributing to better sales. Exploratory study was undertaken to identify various signs of store atmospherics variables that influence the buying behaviour of buyers. Thirty-four variables identified from this study were used to create a structured questionnaire. This questionnaire was then administered among shoppers in NCR Delhi using non-probability convenience sampling. To determine the atmospheric factors, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) along with Varimax Rotation was attempted. Using principal component factor analysis on the data collected, nine factors were identified to have impact on the store atmospheric. These were Querulous, Music, Sensitive, Budget Seeker, Sensuous, Light, Idler, Space seeker and Comfort Seeker. Contrary to the various earlier studies where music, space seeker and comfort seeker were considered to be most significant factors, light and querulous have emerged out to be the major factor that influences the store atmospheric. This study shows that customers are sensitive, space seekers and sensuous. Constituents of these factors reveal distinct patterns. This research may be used as guidelines for development and management of shopping malls in emerging countries. Retail marketers in India can take this cue in designing their strategies to attract consumers.

Publishing services provided by Knowledge E Kuncoro Harto Widodo and Dwi Ardianta Kurniawan. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited. Selection and Peer-review under the responsibility of the ICoA Conference Committee.

Bisnis ritel modern kategori minimarket di Indonesia mencatat pertumbuhan yang terus berlanjut dari tahun ke tahun.  Hal ini ditandai dengan peritel besar yang mampu terus membukukan pertumbuhan bisnis rata-rata 9% per tahun. Peritel besar raksasa yaitu Alfamart dan Indomaret sukses menjalankan bisnis ritel minimarket ini, namun berbeda halnya dengan minimarket 7 Eleven (Sevel) yang tutup sejak 30 juni 2017. Secara bisnis, Sevel menawarkan produk dan service yang lebih lengkap daripada Alfamart dan Indomaret. Sevel Indonesia dengan inovasi bisnisnya yang menawarkan makanan dan minuman ready to eat lengkap dengan area untuk duduk serta jaringan internet gratis, terlihat sangat menjanjikan dan sempat sangat berhasil di tahun 2014, namun pada akhirnya tutup. Di era 4.0 ini menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi bisnis ritel dimana kelangsungan bisnis harus dapat diselaraskan dengan perkembangan teknologi untuk memenuhi ekspektasi dan keinginan konsumen. Penelitian menggunakan metode analisa...

Purpose - The study determined the key production area, farming practices, average production volume, marketing channels, and marketing practices of pineapple farmers in Isabela, Philippines. Methodology- Primary and secondary data were used. Through multistage sampling, eighty -four pineapple farmers were chosen to be the respondents as they answered closed and open- ended questions. Findings- Municipalities with pineapple farms are Echague, San Guillermo, Sto. Tomas, Jones, and Angadanan. Pineapple farmers fertilized their farm and covered the fruit with hay to protect it from the sun. Their average production volume was about 23,588 pieces per cropping. The four intermediaries in the channel were canvassers, traders, processors, and retailers. Their marketing practices involved their reasons for choosing the type of buyers, basis in determining the quality of fruit, reasons for product rejection, price monitoring, and negotiation. Conclusion- Most farmers did not have the capacit...

The study examines the supply chain for fresh fruits and vegetables in cities. In particular, the study determines the functions of intermediaries in the supply chain for fresh fruits and vegetables in urban settings. The study is qualitative with an ethnographic design. The study involved a sample of 92 participants obtained purposively. Data are obtained using In-Depth Interviews (IDIs), document reviews and researchers’ observations. Findings demonstrate that intermediaries typically facilitate transportation services that involve the collection, packing and handling facility selection, and delivery of fruits and vegetables. Secondly, intermediaries provide efficient storage services for storing fruits and vegetables and education about proper storage practices. Thirdly, intermediaries have involved value addition and improvement of the quality of fruits and vegetables through sorting, grading, gathering, inspection, branding, and packing. Fourthly, they execute marketing service...

Purpose-Pineapple cultivation provides sustainable livelihood to many smallholder farmers in developing countries like the Philippines. However, income is affected by the selection of marketing channels. This article assessed the factors affecting the selection of marketing channels of Queen Pineapple farmers in Camarines Norte. Methodology-A mixed data collection process was used, including semi-structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. Primary data gathered from 96 randomly sampled farmers and 32 purposively sampled buyers were used to characterize the nature of the channels. Profitability was measured by calculating the marketing costs, net profit, and profit margin per channel. The Chi-square statistics were used to test the influence of socioeconomic variables on the marketing channels, while descriptive statistics were used to interpret the factors affecting the selection of marketing channels. Findings-Among the five identified channels, respondents preferred the wholesaler channel despite low profitability. Quick cash was identified as the major factor in the selection of marketing channels. A significant relationship relative to marketing channels was traced to the interplay of the following key factors: gender, civil status, location, and sources of income. Profitability analysis dictates that the optimum channel for farmers is the direct channel, but requires higher capital for added marketing costs. Income analysis showed that the majority of the farmer respondents were living below the poverty threshold. Conclusion-Financial pressures hinder most pineapple farmers from choosing the most profitable channel. It is hereby recommended to sell via direct channel by batch through synchronized harvesting; adopt a multi-crop pineapple production system to maximize land utilization; secure off-farm employment for an added source of capital and income; explore a joint marketing system to sell in bulk inside and outside the province; seek logistical and technical assistance from the LGUs, cooperatives, and DA to strengthen market linkage; and adopt the value chain concept to add value to the product.

The National Rice Development Strategy in (Kenya vision 2030) aims to improve food security, rural employment, and income for smallholder farmers in the Mwea irrigation scheme (MIS) through planned and intentional efforts. A study was conducted to identify major influences in choosing market avenues among rice farmers. The study used a sample size of 384 small-scale rice farmers to analyze the different rice marketing channels used in MIS, and to understand the factors that influence farmers’ choices of marketing channels. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the marketing channels, multinomial logit model was used to evaluate channel choices. The marketing channels were Channel 1: Farmer-Consumer (0.3%); Channel 2: Farmer-Brokers-Millers-Consumer (51.1%); Channel 3: Farmer-Brokers-Millers- Retailer-Consumer (42.3%); Channel 4: Farmer- Millers-Retailer-Consumer (62.72%) and Channel 5: Farmer- Millers...

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkomparasikan jumlah pendapatan para pedagang di pasar tradisional sebelum dan sesudah munculnya minimarket di Kota Malang serta mengetahui permasalahan yang dihadapi pedagang di pasar tradisional berkaitan dengan keberadaan minimarket. Penelitian ini dilakukan di 6 pasar di kota Malang. Responden terbagi menjadi dua yaitu responden pedagang dan responden pembeli. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa 66% responden pedagang menyatakan keberadaan minimarket berpengaruh terhadap penurunan pendapatannya. Dari hasil uji beda membuktikan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rata-rata pendapatan para pedagang di pasar tradisional sebelum dengan sesudah munculnya minimarket. Beberapa hal yang dapat mempengaruhi lesunya pasar tradisional antara lain munculnya keberadaan minimarket, pesaing lain seperti pedagang sayur keliling/mlijo dan toko pracangan, kondisi pasar tradisional yang kurang baik. This research aims to compare the earning of traders in traditional markets bef...

Various studies have concluded that the presence of modern minimarkets has a negative impact on traditional kiosks. One of the negative impacts is revenue's decrase of the tradisional kiosks. However, the various studies have not answered why and how the kiosts' revenue decrase or even they bankrupted. Losing in competition is not a correct reason to explain the above phenomenon because the fact is-and is perceived so by consumers-the price of goods in traditional kiosks is cheaper than the price of the same goods in modern minimarkets. With a qualitative approach this study found that the phenomenon of revenue's decrease and even the bankruptcy of traditional kiosks were because of disruption and not because they could not compete with modern minimarkets. It is, however, differ from Chistensen's disruptive innovation theory where disruption always starts from low-end market; this research found the opposite direction, namely disruption starting from highend market or disruption from above.

Pelayanan pasar yang baik dapat dilihat dari tingkat pelayanan apakah tinggi, sedang atau rendah. Tingkat pelayanan terdiri atas kondisi sarana dan prasarana pasar, aktivitas pasar, karakteristik pedagang, komoditas jual, jenis barang dagangan, model penjualan, jumlah item, luas lahan parkir, luas lantai usaha, kebersihan dan kenyamanan, dan aksesibilitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat pelayanan pasar. Sasaran yang akan dicapai yaitu mengidentifikasi gambaran umum kondisi pasar Seruni, menganalisis faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan pelayanan pasar Seruni, serta mengidentifikasi tingkat pelayanan pasar Seruni. Teknik pengumpulan data observasi dan survei dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan dokumentasi foto. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis distribusi frekuensi, data populasi dengan jumlah yang diamati dari hasil observasi yaitu 11 toko. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, tingkat pelayanan di Pasar Seruni berada pada tingkat sedang, kekurangan yang ...

Kondisi perkembangan kawasan perkotaan yang seiring dengan perkembangan jaman, menimbulkan pola konsumtif masyarakat yang semakin kompleks, hal tersebut meningkatkan kebutuhan masyarakat akan pasar yang menjadi tempat pemenuhan kebutuhsan hidup sehari-hari. Jakarta merupakan kota dengan tingkat kesibukan tinggi dan gaya hidup modern, membangkitkan pertumbuhan pasar-pasar dengan pola modern yang menerapkan metode berdagang selfservice atau swalayan. Pertumbuhan pasar-pasar tersebut terlihat menjadi suatu kebutuhan masyarakat kota Jakarta, namun juga merupakan ancaman bagi Pasar tradisional yang melibatkan rangkaian atau lapangan usaha atau mata pencaharian masyarakat, baik di kawasan tersebut ataupun di wilayah yang menjadi produsen. Studi ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi keberadaan pasar tradisional disertai dengan permasalahannya dan mencapai atau memberikan usulan pemecahan permasalahan tersebut. Tujuan studi ini adalah mengidentifikasi karakteristik pengguna atau masyarakat pasar di dalam tumbuh berkembangnya pasar modern yang sangat diterima masyarakat saat ini. Dengan melihat kondisi di lapangan disertai dengan karakteristik pengguna pasar tradisional dapat disimpulkan keberadaan pasar masih sangat diperlukan serta merupakan penerapan Peraturan Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta No 6 Tahun 1999 yang menjelaskan keberpihakan pada masyarakat atau pengusaha skala kecil yang terintegrasi dengan pengusaha besar. Sehingga pada saat ini masih dapat kita jumpai keberadaan pasar tradisional yang berkonotasi lingkungan masyarakat menengah dan kecil, ternyata tidak terbukti pada mayoritas pengguna pasar.

Kondisi perkembangan kawasan perkotaan yang seiring dengan perkembangan jaman, menimbulkan pola konsumtif masyarakat yang semakin kompleks, hal tersebut meningkatkan kebutuhan masyarakat akan pasar yang menjadi tempat pemenuhan kebutuhsan hidup sehari-hari. Jakarta merupakan kota dengan tingkat kesibukan tinggi dan gaya hidup modern, membangkitkan pertumbuhan pasar-pasar dengan pola modern yang menerapkan metode berdagang selfservice atau swalayan. Pertumbuhan pasar-pasar tersebut terlihat menjadi suatu kebutuhan masyarakat kota Jakarta, namun juga merupakan ancaman bagi Pasar tradisional yang melibatkan rangkaian atau lapangan usaha atau mata pencaharian masyarakat, baik di kawasan tersebut ataupun di wilayah yang menjadi produsen. Studi ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi keberadaan pasar tradisional disertai dengan permasalahannya dan mencapai atau memberikan usulan pemecahan permasalahan tersebut. Tujuan studi ini adalah mengidentifikasi karakteristik pengguna atau masyarakat pasar di dalam tumbuh berkembangnya pasar modern yang sangat diterima masyarakat saat ini. Dengan melihat kondisi di lapangan disertai dengan karakteristik pengguna pasar tradisional dapat disimpulkan keberadaan pasar masih sangat diperlukan serta merupakan penerapan Peraturan Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta No 6 Tahun 1999 yang menjelaskan keberpihakan pada masyarakat atau pengusaha skala kecil yang terintegrasi dengan pengusaha besar. Sehingga pada saat ini masih dapat kita jumpai keberadaan pasar tradisional yang berkonotasi lingkungan masyarakat menengah dan kecil, ternyata tidak terbukti pada mayoritas pengguna pasar.

Watermelon is one of the emerging market oriented agricultural products with potential of improving rural livelihoods and alleviating poverty. Consequently, watermelon is attracting attention and gaining a bigger market share as a cash crop. This paper analyzed the value chain and marketing of watermelon in Northern Uganda. Data was collected through a cross sectional survey of 300 watermelon value chain actors (100 producers, 100 wholesalers and 100 retailers). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, value chain mapping, ordinary least squares regression and gross margin analysis. Results shows that the watermelon value chain in Northern Uganda involves six actors embedded within eight differentiated channels. The producer-wholesaler-retailer-consumer channel was the dominant watermelon marketing channel, handling 77% of marketed watermelon per month. Marketing margin analysis shows that watermelon marketing is a profitable venture to all value chain actors, with producers having the highest marketing margins (98%) compared to wholesalers (58%) and retailers (64%). The study finds that watermelon marketing margins are significantly influenced by access to credit, access to marketing channels information and labour costs. Results of this study call for policy interventions that enable access to low-cost credit facilities for watermelon value chain actors. Additionally, there is need to improve the dissemination of watermelon marketing information to enable value chain actors make informed marketing decisions.

Role and position are key concepts in explaining both stability and change in distribution networks.Developing a shared understanding of roles with other actorshasbeen identified asa prerequisite for an actor thatwants to change theirposition in a network. Our research aims at understanding how such a shared perception of role develops through actors’ actions and interactions in networks. We explore the extent to which the concept of legitimacy helps in understanding the favourable conditions to develop a shared interpretation of role. The empirical setting of this research is the Frenchfreshfruit and vegetables (FFV) distribution that has been characterised by an important movement of disintermediation as large-scale retailers started to centralise their purchasing and marketing functions and to concentrate their supplies.Contrary to other product categories, wholesalers still keep on acting in such networks. Findings rely on a two-stepqualitative approach:a qualitative study based...

A company's ability to change its position (its relationships with others) depends on a shared interpretation among business network actors of what the company wants to do. The purpose of this study is to examine change in the position of actors in a business network setting. We use the institutional work approach to understand positioning in a business network as an institutional arrangement and explore actors' purposive efforts to maintain or disrupt the rules of the game. We use a multiple case-study approach to explore the fruit and vegetable distribution channel. We discuss what happens when the institutional work carried out by retailers to disrupt the position of wholesalers meets the institutional work carried out by wholesalers to maintain their position. The findings show how interacting institutional efforts result in new positions for wholesalers: the "troubleshooter" position and the "quality enhancer" role. Our study contributes to the field of business-to-business marketing in that it sheds light on the cocreation process of the rules of the game that drive business-to-business interactions. With reference to institutional theory, our study draws on the idea that institutional arrangements are unanticipated consequences of interactions between actors.

Abstrak:. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi pemberdayaan pengecer dan penjual tradisional dalam meningkatkan daya saing terhadap pasar modern di wilayah Kota Tegal. Dalam penelitian ini metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Penelitian ini menafsirkan dan menguraikan data yang bersangkutan dengan situasi yang sedang terjadi, sikap serta pandangan yang terjadi di dalam suatu masyarakat, pertentangan antara dua keadaan atau lebih, hubungan antar variable yang timbul, perbedaan antar fakta yang ada serta pengaruhnya terhadap suatu kondisi, dan sebagainya. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengecer dan penjual tradisional di Kota Tegal memiliki banyak kelemahan dalam menghadapi persaingan dengan minimarket modern. Meskipun ada beberapa undang-undang dan peraturan pemerintah tentang perlindungan pengecer / penjual tradisional dalam menghadapi pasar modern, peraturan ini tidak berfungsi secara optimal. Pengecer dan penjual tradisional dala...

This study examines the Lively Retail Business in the City of Padang: Changes in the Lifestyle of City People in the 1990s. The purpose of this research is first to reveal the early history of the emergence of the retail business until it reaches the very rapid development it is today. The second explains the changes in the lifestyle of the people of Padang City in the 1990s as an important factor in the development of the retail business in the city of Padang. This study uses historical research methods covering four stages, namely heuristics (searching for and collecting data), source criticism, interpretation (interpreting or giving meaning to historical facts or evidence) and historiography (history writing). The primary source was obtained from the Perindagtanben Office in the form of documents. The results of the study show that the initial appearance of the retail business in the city of Padang came from the initiative of local entrepreneurs who saw significant opportunities ...

In the modern urban landscape, crowded commercial spaces such as shopping malls have emerged as dynamic hubs of multisensory experiences. This study investigates the intricate interplay between sensory stimuli and crowd dynamics within these bustling environments. With a focus on crowded territories in malls, the research aims to uncover the complexities of how individuals navigate and respond to a myriad of sensory inputs. Using a blended research approach, this study combines quantitative analysis of crowd movement patterns with qualitative exploration of visitors' sensory perceptions. Cutting-edge tracking technologies and spatial analyses provide insights into the spatial distribution and flow of individuals in densely populated mall areas. The results reveal a multi-faceted relationship between sensory stimuli and crowd behavior. Visual elements, ranging from architectural features to digital displays, play a crucial role in guiding visitors and creating spatial identities. Auditory cues, such as ambient sounds and music, contribute to the overall atmosphere, influencing visitor comfort and mood. Tactile and spatial considerations, encompassing factors like physical contact and personal space, impact the perception of crowdedness and social interactions. Additionally, olfactory stimuli arising from food courts and retail spaces influence the emotional connection visitors form with the environment. The study underscores the significance of holistic sensory design in crowded spaces, emphasizing the need to create environments that are responsive to diverse sensory needs. By comprehensively investigating the intricate connections between sensory stimuli and crowd dynamics, this research contributes to the understanding of how individuals experience and navigate crowded territories within contemporary commercial spaces.

Menjamurnya kehadiran ritel modern Alfamart dan Indomaret di Lombok Timur sejak lima tahun terakhir, memunculkan kekhawatiran banyak pihak terutama para pelaku ekonomi dari kelompok UMKM. Oleh karena itu riset tentang dampak sosial dan ekonomi Alfamart dan Indomaret terhadap UMKM penting dilakukan agar terbangun pemahaman dan kesadaran bersama antara pihak pemerintah daerah dan segenap masyarakat. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mixed methods, antara penelitian kuantitatif dengan kualitatif, menggunakan strategi metode campuran konkuren. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 400 orang responden yang terdiri 320 konsumen, 8 orang aparatur desa/kelurahan, dan 32 orang pelaku UMKM, mewakili 19 kecamatan dimana beroperasi lebih dari satu gerai Alfamart dan Indomaret. Data kuantitatif dikumpulkan dengan teknik angket dan dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif dengan bantuan SPSS 2.1, serta analisis bibliometrik. Data kualitatif dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara dan FGD, kemud...

Grocery stores and modern stores are traders who are engaged in the retail business with the aim of making a profit. With the development of the era, it's not even just a grocery store, as now, modern stores, namely Indomaret and Alfamart, have been established on GKB Cluster, Gresik. Modern stores are a threat to grocery stores because most people visit and shop at modern stores. This study aims to determine the strategy of grocery stores in increasing their sales volume to face modern stores. This type of research is descriptive with a qualitative iapproach. Data was collected by means of observation and interviews. The data analysis technique used in this research is using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman (1984), namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, verification. The result of this study is that the researchers found the strategy used by the grocery store by doing a promotion mix and service quality.

ABSTRAK Industri Retail salah satu industri penjual dan pemberian layanan kepada konsumen untuk penggunan yang sifatnya individu sebagai pribadi maupun keluarga. Bisnis retail di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun selalu mengalami kemajuan yang juga selalu diikuti oleh persaingan yang sangat ketat antara perusahan demi terciptanya tujuan. Salah satu tujuan perusahan adalah dengan memberikan lingkungan berbelanja yang nyaman serta harga yang murah. Peneliti ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana lingkungan toko dan potongan harga terhadap pembelian tidak terencana di Departemen Store Yogya Kosambi. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik pengumpulan lapangan dan kepustakaan dengan membagikan keusioner kepada 94 responden yang melaukan pembelian di Yogya Kosambi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalah regresi liner berganda, analisis kolerasi berganda, uji koefisien determinasi dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan secara deskriptif bahwa lingkungan toko, potongan harga dan pembelian...

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine the nature of contractual relationships between farmers and buyers in the traditional and supermarket channels, and to explore determinants of farmers' commitment in the two channels. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reports the results of a field study of 602 chili farmers in the largest chilli production area in Indonesia, West Java Province. The contractual arrangements were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while determinants of farmers' commitment were examined using factor analysis and Ordinary Least square (OLS) regression. Findings – The contractual arrangements between farmers and traders in both traditional and supermarket channels are characterized by verbal agreements. Price is the main aspect of the contract in the traditional channel, while grading aspects are the most important aspects in the supermarket channel. Trust and satisfaction have significant influence on farmers' commitment in the two cha...

Transformation of food system in Indonesia can have a profound impact on the supply chain of smallholder farmers. Policymakers are concerned about the impact of "modern food retail penetration" or "supermarket penetration" on Indonesian food chain participants. This study aims to analyze the link between supermarket penetration and smallholder farmers' welfare. Data were obtained from a survey involving 300 smallholder horticulture farmers from two regencies: Malang and Kediri. The data were analyzed to shed light on these issues. Endogenous switching regression was used to analyze the impact of participation in modern food marketing channel on both food security and welfare. The results of the econometric analysis suggest that there is a link between participation in the modern market and food security. In addition, this study also highlights that the presence of a new system of food supply chain is able to increase smallholder farmers' income through the stability of price and demand.

, the Discussion Paper series within each division and the Director General's Office of IFPRI were merged into one IFPRI-wide Discussion Paper series. The new series begins with number 00689, reflecting the prior publication of 688 discussion papers within the dispersed series. The earlier series are available on IFPRI's website at www.ifpri.org/pubs/otherpubs.htm#dp. 2 IFPRI Discussion Papers contain preliminary material and research results. They have not been subject to formal external reviews managed by IFPRI's Publications Review Committee but have been reviewed by at least one internal and/or external reviewer. They are circulated in order to stimulate discussion and critical comment.

The development of the times has brought the transition of the traditional era to modern. The existence of grocery stalls is synonymous with small businesses that provide consumers' daily needs at affordable prices.  The existence of modern retail that mushroomed like a large market caused competition to threaten the existence of traditional retail. More and more large markets are also taking advantage of the era of technology and social media so that they are involved as online markets. The onslaught of the times and the advancement of modern retail has caused grocery stalls that are friendly to the community to be threatened. Although it varies in order to meet the needs of the community, it certainly creates negative and positive sides, especially for grocery stalls so that it requires various strategies to survive and develop at this time.      

Banyaknya supermarket di kota mataram yang ada memberikan banyak pilihan bagi konsumen untuk memilih tempat berbelanja. Untuk merebut perhatian konsumen, suatu supermarket harus mempunyai karakteristik atau ciri tertentu yang berbeda dari pesaingnya yang dapat diunggulkan. Hal ini dapat mendorong minat konsumen untuk berkunjung dan berbelanja di supermarket mereka. Penelitian deskriptif adalah suatu metode dalam menganalisi suatu kelompok manusia, suatu objek, suatu set kondisi, suatu sistem pemikiran, ataupun suatu kelas pristiwa pada masa sekarang. Tujuan dari penelitian deskriptif ini adalah untuk membuat deskripsi, gambaran atau lukisan secara sistematis, faktual, dan akurat mengenai fakta-fakta, sifat-safat serta hubungan anatara penomena yang diselidiki. Hasil penelitian dilakukan pemetaan supermarket di kota mataram yang memenuhi variabelvariabel penelitian yang sesuai keinginan partisipan. berikut ini adalah peringkat supermarket-supermarket di mataram yang secara umum dapat memenuhi semua kategori yang diminta oleh variabel penelitian. peringkat ini menggambarkan persaingan di kota mataram dalam jenis jasa retail besar.