History of Tourism

Cet article est la version mise à jour en 2025, au vu des informations nouvelles trouvées depuis sa première parution en septembre 2017. Depuis cette date, l'offre internet s'est encore étoffée, et m'a permis d'affiner certaines donnés, voire de les corriger, ou encore de les supprimer pour cause d'erreur ou d'obsolescence!

La investigación analiza los sitios de interés históricos vinculados con la hotelería de fines de siglo XIX y principios de siglo XX en Argentina, considerados como "hotelería de oro". Se estudia el devenir del Hotel Boulevard Atlántico, hito arquitectónico de la localidad de Mar del Sud (Argentina), destino turístico de sol y playa. Actualmente la edificación se encuentra en estado de abandono, imposibilitando su aprovechamiento turístico. Se indaga la opinión de residentes en cuestiones vinculadas con el estado de la edificación y su reconocimiento como recurso cultural y turístico de la localidad. El Hotel Boulevard Atlántico constituye un elemento del patrimonio cultural de la localidad que aporta rasgos diferenciales al destino frente a otros con características naturales compartidas. Su valorización requiere la restauración, conservación y el establecimiento de nuevas funciones vinculadas a los intereses de turistas y residentes.

По результатам наземных картографо-геодезических работ в Баренцево/Евроарктическом регионе показаны возможности их использования как инструмента для оперативной фиксации актуального состояния ландшафтного покрова при неустойчивой синоптической ситуации. Обоснована целесообразность применения геодезической съемки как единственно возможного метода для создания геопространственной основы территории в условиях, ограничивающих получение высокоточных данных с помощью дистанционных географических измерений. Приводятся системы мер и охарактеризованы стратегии развития арктических государств, нацеленные на комплексное научное изучение региона с применением наземных и дистанционных методов. На ключевых участках (м. Флора – арх. Земля Франца-Иосифа и м. Белый Нос – Ненецкий АО) показаны закономерности организации ландшафтного покрова, установленные в ходе проведения авторами крупномасштабной (масштаб 1:500) геодезической съемки в летний сезон 2015 г. во время рейса на научно-исследовательском судне “Профессор Молчанов” в рамках международной экспедиции “Арктический плавучий университет”. Получены новые картографические материалы, позволяющие оценивать локализацию ландшафтных выделов, формирующихся в криогенных условиях. Установлены ведущие факторы, определяющие пространственные связи между компонентами в криогенных ландшафтах на локальном уровне. В синтезе материалов сделан акцент на возможности, преимущества и недостатки наземных картографо-геодезических методов, применяемых для исследования арктических территорий

The integration of ancient topography and digital archaeology has opened new horizons in the reading of the territory and in the stratigraphic understanding of historical landscapes, enabling the monitoring and safeguarding of cultural heritage and thus preserving the identity, memory, and traditions of communities, peoples, and civilizations. Traces of the ancient emerge within the contemporary landscape, where past and future intertwine. Ancient topography, by reconstructing the development of stratiÞed landscapes and road networks, analyses the relationships among their components and lays the foundations for preserving the cultural roots of territories. A key tool in this process is the archaeological map, an essential resource for reconstructing the historical dynamics of a territory and an indispensable instrument for planning activities aimed at the protection and enhancement of cultural heritage. In this context, preventive archaeology seeks to mitigate the negative impact of urban development projects and new infrastructure on archaeological landscapes, ensuring their protection during the design and construction phases, within a framework of conscious and sustainable planning. Archaeological mapping today constitutes an effective and affordable tool that supports urban and rural planning, aiding the protection of historic landscapes from the relentless effects of environmental and anthropogenic taphonomic processes. In particular, the archaeological potential map represents a key resource for urban and territorial planning, as it enables a preventive and scientiÞcally grounded assessment of archaeological risk. The use of digital technologies to map archaeological landscapes offers innovative and inclusive methods for the conservation and enhancement of cultural heritage.

L’integrazione tra topografa antica e archeologia digitale ha aperto nuove frontiere nella lettura del territorio, nella comprensione stratigrafica dei paesaggi storici, consentendo di monitorare e tutelare il patrimonio culturale e preservando così l’identità, la memoria e la tradizione di comunità, popoli e civiltà. I segni dell'antico si rivelano nel paesaggio contemporaneo, dove passato e futuro si intrecciano. La topografia antica, ricostruendo lo sviluppo dei paesaggi stratificati, nonché delle reti viarie, analizza le relazioni tra gli elementi che li compongono e crea le basi per preservare le radici culturali dei territori.  Un elemento fondamentale in questo processo è la carta archeologica, strumento qualificante per la ricostruzione delle dinamiche storiche del territorio e imprescindibile per la programmazione di attività di tutela e valorizzazione. In questo contesto si inserisce l’archeologia preventiva, che si pone l’obiettivo di ridurre l’impatto negativo dei progetti di sviluppo urbanistico e delle nuove opere infrastrutturali sui paesaggi archeologici, garantendo la loro protezione durante la fase di progettazione e realizzazione, in un’ottica di sviluppo consapevole (conscious planning) e sostenibile. La cartografia archeologica rappresenta una risorsa efficace e sostenibile, che supporta la pianificazione urbana e rurale, utile alla tutela dei paesaggi storici, da proteggere dagli impietosi effetti dei processi tafonomici ambientali e di matrice antropica. In particolare, la carta del potenziale archeologico rappresenta un mezzo fondamentale per la programmazione, sia a scala urbana che territoriale, poichè consente una valutazione preventiva e scientificamente fondata del rischio archeologico. L’uso di tecnologie digitali per mappare i paesaggi archeologici offre modalità innovative e inclusive per la conservazione e la valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale.

A obra mais conhecida de Carolina Nabuco (1890-1981) é o romance A sucessora (1934), publicado no ciclo do Romance de 30. O título, bem recebido pela crítica, ficou efetivamente famoso devido ao suposto plágio pela inglesa Daphne du Maurier. Esse episódio acabou obliterando a variada produção de Nabuco, ao menos na historiografia literária mais recente. Pouco se tem falado de suas outras obras (ficção, biografias, ensaios), entre as quais está a colaboração em periódicos, especialmente os da imprensa, que é o objeto deste artigo. Um levantamento na Hemeroteca Digital da Biblioteca Nacional e em outras bases, circunscrito a três estados brasileiros e aos anos 1930, encontrou 33 textos de Nabuco em jornais, revistas, boletins e anuários. O presente artigo apresenta os métodos e resultados do levantamento e discorre sobre os textos encontrados. Uma breve análise desses textos, por ora não aprofundada, mostra a recorrência de alguns temas: a relação entre maturidade literária e formação nacional, a Abolição, e a visão do Brasil como país do futuro.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Romance de 30; governo Getúlio Vargas; mulheres na literatura brasileira; ideologia católica; literatura e nação.

Аннотация: В статье представлены примеры улиц, предназначенных для туризма, известных городов и их туристических улиц, рекреационных зон, планирования туристических улиц в городах, организации туристических маршрутов, привлечения туристов в города, предоставления удобств и эффективных услуг для туристов, передвигающихся по городским улицам, методов навигации по туристическим местам и ресторанам, широкого использования информации с помощью QR-кодов для туристических объектов и ресторанов, а также обеспечения безопасности туристов. Ключевые слова: Туристические улицы города, рекурсии, службы поддержки, рестораны и магазины, уличное видеонаблюдение, навигационные карты, QR-коды, мобильные приложения.

Atal Sagar Hydroelectric Dam (Madikheda Dam) is major project in Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh. It comes under the Sindh project phase-II. Atal Sagar Hydroelectric Dam (Madikheda Dam) is constructed over the Sindh River. It is multi purposes uses dam. The dam world over has been playing dual role of harnessing the river waters for accelerating socioeconomic growth and mitigating the miseries of large population of the world suffering from the vagaries of floods and droughts. Since the advent of civilization, man has been constructing dams and reservoirs for storing surplus water available during wet periods and for utilization of the same during lean periods. Energy plays a key role for socioeconomic development of a country. Hydro power provides a cheap, clean and renewable source of energy.

Cette journée d’études, organisée à l’occasion de l’exposition Sur les pas des Lumières Séville en couleurs au Collège d’Espagne, se propose d’explorer l’histoire de la photographie urbaine espagnole des XIXe et XXe siècles à travers ses techniques, ses usages, ses supports et ses enjeux esthétiques. En s’appuyant sur des exemples précis, elle tentera de mettre en lumière les conditions matérielles de production, de diffusion et de réception des images urbaines. Il s’agira également de réfléchir aux choix esthétiques et aux contraintes techniques qui ont façonné les représentations des villes espagnoles depuis le XIXe siècle, dans un contexte de perpétuelle évolution des pratiques photographiques.

Esta jornada de estudio, organizadas con motivo de la exposición Tras los pasos de los Lumière, Sevilla en color, en el Colegio de España, se propone explorar la historia de la fotografía urbana española desde el siglo XIX hasta el XX a través de sus técnicas, usos, soportes y dimensiones estéticas. Basándose en ejemplos concretos, pondrá de relieve las condiciones materiales de producción, difusión y recepción de las imágenes urbanas. También se reflexionará sobre las decisiones estéticas y las limitaciones técnicas que han dado forma a las representaciones de las ciudades españolas desde el siglo XIX, en un contexto de constante evolución de las prácticas fotográficas.



Organisation : Corinne Cristini (Sorbonne Université – CRIMIC UR 2561), Hélène Frison (Sorbonne Paris Nord – IHRIM UMR 5317), Ivanne Galant (Sorbonne Paris Nord – Pléiade UR 7338), Jorge Villaverde (Sorbonne Université – CRIMIC UR 2561)

This article reconstructs the genealogy of the slogan Spain is different, widely associated with Francoist tourism but rooted in Republican Spain's 1932-1933 tourism campaign. Based on archival and visual sources, as well as national and foreign press, it examines how the slogan emerged within broader debates over national identity, exoticism, and modernity. Designed by Rafael Calleja, a Republican civil servant with conservative views, the campaign mobilized early branding strategies to market Spain's distinctiveness while navigating deep ideological tensions within the Second Republic. Landscapes, monumental architecture, and folkloric imagery were employed to craft a unified national image for foreign audiences, even as the Republic faced domestic conflicts over secularism, gender roles, and modern reforms. The analysis situates Spain is different within long-standing cultural narratives that framed Spain's difference both as backwardness (Leyenda Negra) and as an exotic attraction for tourism. It highlights how the slogan circulated internationally during the Spanish Civil War, often reframed in the Anglophone press as a trope to explain Spain's perceived violence, orientalism, and otherness. Calleja's role extended beyond the Republic: he remained at the helm of Spanish tourism until 1957, adapting the same imagery across regimes. His later works further codified Spanish uniqueness through nostalgic, orientalist, and imperial themes. By tracing the continuity of symbols, images, and narratives across the Republic and the Franco regime, this study challenges sharp divisions in Spain's historiography. It shows how the Republican-era national imaginary laid groundwork that the dictatorship would appropriate, reshaping it into a more explicit discourse of national exceptionalism. Spain is different thus operated both as a marketing slogan and as a durable framework for representing and contesting Spanish identity across ideological shifts and political regimes.

Aunque la identificación de España como país turístico es relativamente reciente, las reflexiones en torno al potencial del turismo como modernizador económico, europeizador y potente instrumento de definición del país en el exterior comenzaron a principios del siglo xx, cuando se empezó a intuir la escala y posibilidades de una industria que a lo largo del siglo ha sido un espacio privilegiado para experimentar estas cuestiones. Esos debates, la negociación y negación de los estereotipos románticos, así como las diferentes imágenes turísticas proyectadas por España a lo largo del siglo xx, constituyen el objeto de este artículo, que integra aspectos de cultura visual, política exterior y diplomacia cultural.

An exhibition guide as part of the John Ruskin in the Age of Science exhibition series to accompany the exhibitions 'John Ruskin and The Science of Sight' and 'Behind the Eyes: Ruskin and The Science of Sight'.

John Ruskin and The Science of Sight
4 Oct. - 9 Dec. 2022, The Royal Society, London

From the telescope to early forms of photography, Ruskin exploited developments in optical technologies to push the boundaries of recording the world with extreme visual clarity. Across two sites, this was the third exhibition in the series ‘John Ruskin in the Age of Science’. The exhibition draws on my research exploring Ruskin’s his influence on science and society, in his time and our own. I curated the exhibition in partnership with The Royal Society and Brantwood, exploring observation and evidence in Ruskin’s works, alongside his scientific contemporaries.

Behind the Eyes: Ruskin and The Science of Sight
26 Oct. - 31 Dec. 2022, Blue Gallery, Brantwood

John Ruskin possessed extraordinarily sharp vision and a determination to see the world as clearly as possible. Produced primarily for research and teaching, his work included a wide range of expressive techniques, from meticulous photo-realism to rapid sketches in graphite and watercolour. Experimental, thought-provoking and timely, Ruskin’s art asks us to question not only the art of sight, but also the nature of vision itself. This exhibition was the fourth in the series, ‘John Ruskin in the Age of Science’, in partnership with The Royal Society and Brantwood.

The central theme of this study is tourism, conceptualized as a leisure activity distinct from work, characterized
by recreation and relaxation, typically undertaken beyond one’s permanent residence. This paper does not,
however, engage with the complexities surrounding the defi nition of “tourism,” given its inherently fragmented and
contested nature. Instead, it focuses on examining the multifaceted challenges encountered by the responsible authorities
in the newly established Czechoslovak Republic as they endeavoured to develop the technical and organizational
infrastructure for tourism during the period under review. The analysis explores a range of issues, from the economic
and infrastructural capacities and constraints, through the formulation of an appropriate legislative framework, to an
overview of regional activities, with a particular emphasis on developments within the territory of Slovakia.

Za modernu arhitekturu i turizam, posmatrano istoriografski i idejno, može se reći da imaju nekoliko zajedničkih odrednica koje ih svrstavaju u optimističko-emancipatorske društvene tokove XX veka. Posle Drugog svetskog rata turizam postaje jedna od vodećih privrednih grana i značajan instrument u sprovođenju socijalne politike blagostanja u mnogim zemljama sveta, a naročito onim socijalističkog uređenja, kakvo je posle rata uspostavljeno u Jugoslaviji. Intenziviranje turističkih aktivnosti u posleratnoj Jugoslaviji bilo je podstaknuto uvođenjem obaveznog i plaćenog godišnjeg odmora, kao i sve aktivnijom ulogom sindikalnih organizacija u sprovođenju socijalnog turizma, naročito tokom prvih posleratnih godina, kada je novi radnički stalež trebalo motivisati za odlazak na odmor u vidu aktivnog učešće u kolektivnoj obnovi radne energije.
Ključne reči: Jugoslavija, socijalizam, odmor, turizam, turistička izgradnja, turistički objekti, modernistička arhitektura
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During the 20th century, tourism evolved into one of the most significant social phenomena and leading economic branches. The strategies and models of tourism development have evolved over time, shifting from ideologically-oriented to economically-driven approaches. However, market characteristics have emerged as a key factor influencing the overall image of the tourist offer. From a historiographical and ideological perspective, modern architecture and tourism share several common determinants that align them with the optimistic-emancipatory social currents of the 20th century. In order to provide tourist services, a variety of tourist facilities have been created for the accommodation and stay of tourists.
In the aftermath of the Second World War, tourism emerged as a dominant economic sector and a pivotal instrument in the realisation of social welfare policies across numerous countries worldwide, particularly within the socialist framework that emerged in Yugoslavia in the wake of the war. The ideology found a distinctive opportunity to advance the emancipation of society and the integration of the Yugoslav identity, particularly in the domain of tourism. The establishment of tourist activities in post-war Yugoslavia led to the introduction of mandatory and paid annual leave, as well as an increasingly active role for syndicate organisations in the implementation of social tourism, particularly during the first post-war years. This was a period when the new working class needed to be motivated to take their vacation and actively participate in the collective renewal of labour energy.
From 1947 to 1955, during the period of post-war reconstruction and construction, tourism acquired a distinctly social character, with vacation becoming a privilege of the working class. This was also reflected in the more frequent construction of workers' resorts. The architectural design of the resort was tailored to meet the fundamental requirements of workers on vacation, reflecting the influence of socialist realism during the transitional period of repressive policies and constrained material conditions. Over time, the number of tourists increased, necessitating the construction of more extensive tourist accommodation facilities and their modernisation, particularly in terms of design, spatial organisation and the incorporation of new content. It was emphasised that the construction of workers' resorts was a responsibility of the syndicate, and through them also of the architecture, to create new buildings that would correspond to the social and cultural needs of the working man in terms of their content and purpose.
Keywords: Yugoslavia, socialism, vacation, tourism, tourism upbuilding, tourist facilities, modern architecture

E l estudio de la historia del turismo en América Latina ha experimentado un notable crecimiento en las últimas décadas. Esta historiografía se ha desarrollado en países como Argentina, Chile, México, Perú y Brasil, dando pie a los primeros estudios regionales. 1 El turismo, actividad relevante por su impacto económico en la región, ha tenido un valor especial en términos cuantitativos para el Caribe, México, Perú y Costa Rica. Su dinamismo no solo impulsa las economías regionales y locales, sino que también está asociado al tiempo libre y los viajes de diversos segmentos de la población, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Como agente transformador de la vida social, su desarrollo ha contado con la intervención de empresarios, la sociedad organizada -gremios, asociaciones y comunidades-y el Estado. Desde la perspectiva histórica, su abordaje ha sido múltiple: se han explorado aspectos sociales -como el desarrollo de lugares de interés, el rol de la clase media o la participación vacacional de los trabajadores-, arquitectónicos -análisis de infraestructuras-, económicos y empresariales -como el estudio de los hoteles-. Abordar todos estos aspectos en un libro es una tarea compleja, aunque en Perú ya existen esfuerzos destacados de historia local en esa línea. Es en este contexto de desarrollo historiográfico sobre la actividad turística que debemos valorar el reciente libro sobre la historia del turismo en Chile, dirigido por Juan Carlos Yáñez. Yáñez es un historiador que, durante los últimos años, ha trabajado en esta línea historiográfica en su país. Sus estudios sobre historia obrera y social lo lle-

Il s'agit du premier volet d'une série intitulée, "Échos dans la presse d'autrefois". Ce volet rapporte le récit d'un Namurois pour se rendre dans la province du Luxembourg, plus précisément au nord de celle-ci, au cœur de la Belle-Époque. Il y fait part de ses analyses, de son regard sur cette partie du royaume si mal desservie et se livre, au passage, à des considérations personnelles sur l'âme des Ardennais, leur tempérament, leur attachement à la royauté et à l'Eglise.

Post-Covid Competitiveness: Business Resilience & Adaptive System is of interest to those who expect a critical but positive vision of the pandemic times we live. Experts explain the situation of the organizations, institutions and regions according to resilience, innovation and adaptation for the new ways and best practices according to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). SDGs are the essential guidelines that facilitate the strategic consideration of the Post-covid competitiveness.
The authors are from Colombia, Spain, Poland and Mexico. All of them are experts in Economic and  Business  Sciences. The institutions that participate  in  this  project  are Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-X, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Universidad Autónoma de
Aguascalientes, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, and Universidad  de  Guadalajara.
Each  chapter of  this  book  was  based  on empirical real-life evidence  from  enterprises, universities, governments and institutions. All of these studied organizations are part of the Post-Covid competitive environment.
The  writers  believe  in  economic  progress  in line with innovation,  resilience, entrepreneurship and international cooperation  between  regions,  countries and corporations.

Εκκινώντας από τη θέση πως τα νοήματα που παράγονται και καταναλώνονται από το τουριστικό φαντασιακό αναπαριστούν συγκεκριμένους τρόπους ενατένισης της πραγματικότητας επιχειρείται η ανίχνευση των λόγων που διαμόρφωσαν μέσα στο χώρο και το χρόνο την Ελλάδα μέσα από τη μελέτη τουριστικών οδηγών στο β΄ μισό του 20ου αι. Ποια ήταν η «Ελλάδα» που διάβαζαν οι Βρετανοί τουρίστες; Τι είδους γνώση παρήγαγαν οι τουριστικοί οδηγοί και ποιοι λόγοι αρθρώθηκαν μέσα από αυτούς; Πώς κωδικοποιήθηκε το ελληνικό τοπίο και οι Έλληνες;

This research investigates the deposits of modernity upon the modes of the constructed environment reception in the city of Rio de Janeiro, apprehending them through the Brazilian House concept. We denominate Brazilian House the interrelated and subjective architectural environment constructed as from the cumulative encounter of different cultures which partake of the Brazilian social memory ever since its colonial origin. In regard to the construction of the Brazilian House we studied the deposits of modernity resulting from their encounter with the cultural models conceived by the countries that bring forth deposits of modernization translated and embodied in the Brazilian House, forming tangible and intangible layers, distributed within the constructed environment of the city in a heterogeneous manner. We investigated such deposits through the industrial hotel business modes that arrive in Rio de Janeiro at the beginning of the process of urbanization, in the XIX century, as well as those of the multinational chains which intercept the city during the developmental ideology period that started in the 60’s. In analyzing the models of modernity proposed by both those hostelry typologies – the European industrial modernity and the North American technical modernity –, we have considered a replacement from one to the other while being a process that enhances the value of the vertical patterns; namely, concerning buildings within areas destined to the tourism of masses as opposed to the disqualification of the remaining areas of the city, with their olden as well as low-rise buildings. We are questioning such pattern envisaged for the kind of reception in the city, conceiving it as an ideology of progress of the modernity models assimilated in the Brazilian House, which produce representations about their backwardness and disqualify the Brazilian traditions. Thus, we propose to interpenetrate it by processing a counter-memory able to identify: on one hand, the connections between the industrial and technical hotel business typologies, by searching its origins in the European Grand Tour practices that materialized between the XVI and XIX centuries; consequently, studying the tourism social memory and its structural role for the production of modernity. On the other hand, by discussing the impacts of hegemonic models – induced and disciplinary ones – of technical modernity in the field of tourismology knowledge and practices that bring to effect a disjunction between tourism and hotel business knowledge, in addition of the rupture with Brazilian traditions necessary to the collective identity, to the valorization of spaces and to the qualitative forms of reception in the constructed environment of the city.
At last, the research aims at making a contribution to the Social Memory field, trying to highlight the traditions of the Brazilian House, identifying its importance for the areas of learnedness which, like tourismology, can thereby be capable of transforming their practices, their means of remarking the Brazilian traditions, their creative expressions and forms of reception in the city with the amalgam of hospitality attributes.

** Open Access ** During the 19th century, the Mediterranean Sea witnessed a significant increase in the mobility of people and goods, due in part to advancements in transportation technologies. This newfound access to regions surrounding the Mediterranean coincided with the rise of a distinct tourist class and its accompanying industries. In this process, guidebooks played a pivotal role in orchestrating touristic encounters across the region. As a genre, tourist guides also experienced a rapid growth, offering vivid descriptions of various Mediterranean destinations, ranging from the Ottoman Middle East to the South of France. However, it was not until the 1880s that guidebooks encompassing the entirety of the Mediterranean emerged. These comprehensive guides were instrumental in cultivating a panoramic perspective of the Mediterranean, its cities, and its architecture, effectively connecting the region into a cohesive whole, the sea becoming a conduit for delineating, choreographing, and experiencing the Mediterranean and its built environments.

След Освобождението на България през 1878 г., все повече български и чужди пътешественици посещават българските планини. За това допринасят безопасността и далеч по-благоприятните условия за пътуване, социално-икономическото развитие на българското общество, както и зараждането на новия интелектуален елит. Това явление е част от нарастващата тенденция от XIX в. за популяризация на планинския туризъм на Стария континент. Европейски пътешественици, дипломати и учени преоткриват чара на планинските склонове из българските земи, в това число и извисяващата се над София планина Витоша. Създават се предпоставки за развитие на активно организирано туристическо движение в България. Неговата история до средата на XX в. е проследена в настоящото изследване.

I nessi tra mobilità e regione possono essere efficacemente esplorati in varie direzioni e toccare diversi campi di indagine, alcuni dei quali molto presenti nel più attuale dibattito storiografico. La dimensione regionale, inoltre, rappresenta un campo di indagine estremamente proficuo entro cui mettere alla prova e far reagire la storia della mobilità; allo stesso tempo, la storia della mobilità offre la possibilità di gettare nuova luce sul concetto stesso di regione, permettendo di ripensarlo, ridefinirlo, concepirlo nel modo più elastico possibile.
La storia della mobilità è il tema cui è dedicata la quarta edizione dei “Colloqui bolzanini di Storia regionale” – iniziativa periodicamente organizzata dall’associazione “Geschichte und Region/Storia e regione” e dal Centro di Storia regionale –, che avrà luogo l’11 e il 12 settembre presso il Museo Mercantile di Bolzano. Nel corso delle due giornate del convegno, come di consueto, giovani studiosi e studiose provenienti dall’Italia, Austria, Germania e Svizzera avranno la possibilità di presentare e sottoporre a discussione i propri lavori di ricerca, che si muovono nell’intersezione tra storia regionale e storia della mobilità.
Sulla scorta di vari casi di studio relativi a diverse regioni europee ed epoche storiche – dal Medioevo all’età contemporanea –, le relazioni affronteranno un ampio ventaglio di temi: si parlerà di migrazioni lavorative e di gruppi religiosi, di mobilità imposta da conflitti e dittature, di migrazioni femminili, di artisti itineranti, di infrastrutture e strutture ricettive, di mobilità in montagna e transfrontaliera.

Die Zusammenhänge zwischen Mobilität und Region können in verschiedene Richtungen ausgelotet werden und berühren unterschiedliche Forschungsfelder, von denen etliche Teil aktueller geschichtswissenschaftlicher Diskussionen sind. Regionalhistorische Ansätze eröffnen einen vielversprechenden Untersuchungsraum für historische Fragen zur Mobilität. Und umgekehrt liefert die Mobilitätsgeschichte wertvolle Anstöße, Vorstellungen und Konzepte von Region kritisch zu überdenken, neu zu definieren und so flexibel als möglich anzuwenden.
Der Mobilitätsgeschichte widmet sich somit die vierte Ausgabe der „Bozner Gespräche zur Regionalgeschichte“ – eine periodische Veranstaltung von „Geschichte und Region/Storia e regione“ und dem Zentrum für Regionalgeschichte. Sie finden heuer am 11. und 12. September in den Räumen des Merkantilmuseums Bozen statt. Dabei haben junge Historikerinnen und Historiker aus Italien, Österreich, Deutschland und der Schweiz die Möglichkeit, ihre Forschungsarbeiten an der Schnittstelle von Mobilitäts- und Regionalgeschichte zu präsentieren und zur Diskussion zu stellen.
Das zweitägige Programm schlägt zeitlich eine Brücke vom Mittelalter bis in die Zeitgeschichte und beschäftigt sich mit verschiedenen Regionen Europas. Es umfasst ein breites Themenspektrum von der Arbeitsmigration über die Mobilität religiöser Gruppen, von Frauen und von Wanderkünstler:innen bis hin zu durch Krieg und Diktatur erzwungener Flucht; es streift infrastrukturelle Aspekte von Mobilität und nimmt auch das Gebirge als spezifischen Raum von Mobilität in den Blick.

https://storiaeregione.eu/it/news-eventi/leggi-evento/mobilita-e-regione

This session explores the historical entanglements between tourism and entertainment industries. How crucial was entertainment to sell the city to tourists and conversely, how important were tourists for the development of entertainment industries in cities? Were certain activities, like gambling, more prone to being entangled with tourism than others?

Since the nineteenth century, tourism and entertainment industries have become important pillars of the economy and are an integrated part of urban development. While in the last decades, research has been uncovering the rise of both industries (see e.g. Journal of Tourism History and Journal of Leisure Research), this call seeks to explore their historical entanglements. How important was entertainment to sell the city to tourists and how entangled were stakeholders of both industries? Conversely, how important were tourists for the development of entertainment industries in urban settings and were certain entertainment activities more prone to be entangled than others?

There are various angles to approach the subject, like urban planning, infrastructure, stakeholders, consumers, types of entertainment, etc. Casinos, for example, occupy a prominent place in some urban contexts, are marginalized in others, or are entirely absent. Their development in Europe is closely linked to that of spas and seaside resorts highlighting the entanglements between tourism and gambling as an entertainment activity. At the same time, gambling has long been a contested practice, which helps to explain its uneven development across different countries and urban settings. By zooming in on the networks sustaining the gambling industry in such resorts, like Ostend on the Belgian coast, we can observe how these networks were closely connected to local and national tourism promoters, while also being embedded in French seaside resorts and others beyond the European context, highlighting the transnational dimensions of these industries by 1900. Gambling was defended as a crucial component of Ostend’s entertainment and tourism industry alike, especially as it became a target of lawmakers to be restricted. Yet we still know very little about the historical symbiosis between gambling and tourism hubs of the first hour (mainly seaside resorts and spas for Europe), and how the obscure legal framework affected this entertainment in some urban contexts and not in others.

Gambling is just one example, and the call extends to look at how this symbiosis is applicable to other segments of the entertainment industry, like sports, theatre, music, etc.? How do differences in social class that these industries cater for affect this symbiosis? How much are these segments oriented towards tourists compared to locals? How do they reach and provide for these different consumers? When does the balance tilt towards overtourism for instance, when the atmosphere in football stadiums change because too many local fans pass on their seats to tourists? What tensions do they trigger between industries, their consumers and stakeholders? By uncovering historical (dis)connections between tourism and entertainment this call aims to discern how these shaped and were shaped by urban contexts. The call is by no means limited to seaside resorts and we encourage case studies from around the globe to compare across cities, countries and continents.

Colonial travel guidebooks on India have long been used as compendiums of information, meant for those intending to travel and stay in the country for longer durations. Such forms of ars apodemica, official gazettes, or railway guidebooks, were primarily for knowledge gathering and dissemination, for absorbing and recording information, employing a rhetoric of usefulness for both individual and state. This essay traces the development of travel advice literature on India from the early vade mecums written by the English East India Company officials, to more corporatised travel guidance by organised tour operators like Murray, Cook and Bradshaw. From simple survival recommendations to a more confident "knowing" of the land under possession, from a standardised way of seeing India to a grand spectacle for consumption, colonial travel guidebooks charted out not only the territorial sovereignty and hegemony of the British in India, but also the very essence of Britishness in India.

The philosopher Giorgio Agamben has argued that the ‘human/nonhuman distinction is the conceptual ground for any further ontological elaboration’, (Grieve-Carlson, 179) that humans must distinguish themselves from their environment and other beings before the work of culture can begin.  However, objects frequently ‘problematize the boundaries of the human’ (Knutson, 273), never more so than when we encounter human remains in the process of transition from human subject to physical object.  The philosopher Daniel Heller-Roazen notes ‘that a corpse is no human being seems obvious, yet it is equally certain that it is no ordinary thing…A human cadaver is neither a person nor not a person.  It is a nonperson in a special sense, which requires commentary and elucidation’ (Heller-Roazen,159).

On Everest, the ambiguity of post-mortal personhood is exacerbated by the preservation of human remains in liminal states in the mountain cryosphere.  Human remains on Everest enter new ontic states and new spatio-temporal regimes that render these corpses uncanny.  They are encountered within the mountain cryosphere as both fixed features in a landscape and as mobile entities in glacial systems.  Extreme environments at altitude reduce human agency and disrupt the normal cultural approaches to disposing of human remains.  The persistence of these corpses in the cryosphere and their post-mortal (im)mobilities raises important questions about the ways in which fixity and prolongation of bodies in the cryosphere extends and alters the transition of human remains from subject to object.

In September 2024 the partial human remains of the Everest mountaineer Andrew Irvine were discovered on the Central Rongbuk Glacier in Tibet.  Comprising of a boot, sock and skeletal human foot, this paper deploys archaeological assemblage theory to interpret these partial human remains as a complex, relational and emergent historical object, an assemblage that operates at multi-scalar levels which is not confined to one geographically delimited space.  Critically, ‘an assemblage is a multiplicity, neither exclusively a part nor a whole’ that actively configures and reconfigures under historically contingent processes (Knutson 796-797).  Irvine’s human remains form part of an extensive assemblage that includes narratives of mythologization and heroization that constitute his own enduring post-mortal personhood.

Grieve-Carlson, Timothy (2021) ‘Finding Bigfoot: The Anthropological Machine and the Generation of Monsters’, in Religion, Culture, and the Monstrous: Of Gods and Monsters edited by Natasha L. Mikles and Joseph P. Laycock.  Lexington Books/Fortress Academic.
Heller-Roazen, Daniel (2021) Absentees: On Variously Missing Persons.  New York: Zone Books.
Knutson, Sara Ann, (2020) ‘When Objects Misbehave: Materials and Assemblages in the Ancient Scandinavian Myths’, Fabula, 61 (3-4), 257-277.
Knutson, Sara Ann, (2020) ‘Itinerant Assemblages and Material Networks: the Application of Assemblage Theory to Networks in Archaeology’, Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory (2021) 28:793–822.

En este capítulo se analizará la imagen turística como forma de simplificación, simbolización y adjetivación del valor atribuido a los recursos endógenos de España y Portugal. También estudiaremos los mensajes que transmiten las guías de viaje sobre los lugares o las atracciones turísticas, incluidos los valores, los sentimientos y los acontecimientos asociados a estos destinos. Por lo tanto, será importante entender cómo el espacio turístico peninsular se configuró con imágenes y estereotipos que condicionaron a los agentes turísticos, en una época en la que surgió el turismo de masas. La metodología empleada en este estudio es el análisis del discurso de las imágenes contenidas en las guías pertenecientes a la muestra seleccionada.

En esta investigación se muestra que la contextualización de la historia de las ideas explica mejor el proceso histórico de la Universidad Nacional de San de San Antonio Abad del Cusco en el contexto de reformas universitarias entre 1900 - 1930.

, Edward VII King of Great Britain and Ireland and Dominion and Emperor of India came to Spa Jáchymov especially for a lecture on radium by Ing. Josef Štěp. He was inspired to make this visit by the popularity of the new method of treatment. The acceptance of the new method was very optimistic, because the risky effects of radioactivity were almost unknown at the beginning of the last century.

¿El turismo es un gran invento? is intended to critically analyse this image and to show that the tourism boom in Franco’s Spain did not bring about only economic changes but also political, cultural, and even ecological challenges. Hence, the authors in this volume attempt to provide additional nuance to the quite extensive existing literature on tourism in Spain, which has mostly focused on the economic aspects of international tourism. They try to reveal the cultural and political effects that unfolded with the development of tourism. Furthermore, in this volume, the authors aim to examine how tourism became a transnational phenomenon that goes beyond national symbols ‘incorporating actors, ideas and trends’ (p.3) that are unrestricted by physical borders. To this end, the chapters in this volume use new primary sources, especially literature and visual materials, but they also shift the focus from the state to various actors ranging from writers to environmental activists.

Entre broma y broma, la verdad asoma: la liberación LGTBQ en la Costa del Sol de los sesenta ¿Cuánto de verdad hay en una broma? ¿Tiene sentido entender que una broma equivalga a una tontería, una locura, una incongruencia? Al calificar algo de broma, hacemos ver que se trata de algo cómico y gracioso, a la vez que se le quita seriedad e importancia. Sin embargo, el chiste puede ser, al mismo tiempo, tanto un descalificativo como una estrategia de resistencia frente a ideologías hegemónicas y regímenes autoritarios. Comprender el funcionamiento de la broma es clave para entender la resistencia de grupos socialmente marginados, tal y como demuestra el siguiente ejemplo que ocurrió en la última etapa del régimen dictatorial franquista en una localidad costera de la provincia de Málaga. En 1969, el alcalde de Marbella, Paco Cantos, calificó como broma la acción de pegada de carteles (a modo "agitprop") que tuvo lugar en San Pedro de Alcántara, el 22 de enero, quitándole importancia ante las autoridades a cuya atención había llegado esta acción. Pongámonos en situación: seis carteles que piden "la liberación del mariquita", escritos en hojas de almanaque de la Caja de Ahorros y Monte de Piedad de Ronda, aparecen pegados en algunas calles de San Pedro, una pequeña localidad perteneciente al municipio de Marbella. No se sabe quién los colocó ni cuánto tiempo permanecieron visibles. Parece que no mucho, a juzgar por la actuación de la policía local, que pasaron el asunto de inmediato a la guardia civil. Aún no se han encontrado los carteles originales, pero los mensajes fueron transcritos en una nota informativa de la guardia civil para el gobernador civil de la provincia de Málaga. Tampoco se sabe a ciencia cierta el número de autores o si fue obra de una sola persona. Sin embargo, sí que parecen tener una estrecha relación con la existencia de un bar clandestino, Miss Dragón, en el que una clientela ecléctica se reunía para ver espectáculos de transformismo. El ambiente en torno a este bar ha sido recreado en una novela, titulada Miss Dragón, escrita por Miguel Ángel Parra, que ha llevado a cabo una cuidadosa labor de documentación.

Hacia mediados del siglo XX, Mar del Plata dejó de ser un balneario exclusivo para las elites argentinas y se consolidó como destino turístico accesible para las clases bajas. Esta transición se materializó en su tejido urbano mediante un boom de la construcción basado en el edificio en altura y en el régimen de propiedad horizontal. Víctor Pegoraro reconstruye la historia de la industria de la construcción marplatense durante este período determinante para la consolidación de su identidad urbana, y realiza un aporte microhistórico relevante acerca del modelo de empresa familiar en el que se sustentó.

Dans ce mémoire de maîtrise, nous étudions l'histoire de ce qu'on entend aujourd'hui comme étant le chemin du Roy, une route qui lie Québec et Montréal par la rive-nord du fleuve Saint-Laurent, et nous analysons la façon dont elle est racontée au cours du XXᵉ siècle. En nous appuyant sur des concepts de l'analyse des discours et des récits, nous montrons par comparaison avec des itérations antérieures, que les discours contemporains sur la route sont issus d'une construction narrative datant de la Révolution tranquille et véhiculant des représentations de cette époque. Des articles historiques de Thomas Chapais aux guides touristiques en passant par le « Vive le Québec libre! » du général de Gaulle, les occasions de définir par un récit le chemin du Roy sont nombreuses. Or, les itérations de ce récit génésiaque se suivent, mais ne se ressemblent pas. Les faits évoqués, et leur signification, se transforment au fil du temps en corollaire de l'implantation de l'automobilisme au sein de la société québécoise. Il y a cependant une continuité dans le fait que tous les récits témoignent des préoccupations de l'époque qui les ont vu naître. À la suite du voyage du général de Gaulle entre Québec et Montréal le 24 juillet 1967, le récit se cristallise par la répétition et deux mémoires se constituent en parallèle : celle du voyage comme tel et celle de la création de la route. La première, très polémique au cours des premières décennies suivant l'événement, empêche toute appropriation collective et consensuelle de la route. Avec la neutralisation progressive de la signification politique de la route, une mise en valeur touristique à plus grand déploiement devient possible. Ainsi s'érige progressivement en lieu de mémoire un chemin du Roy tout à fait moderne.


In this master's thesis, we study the history of what is known today as the Chemin du Roy, or King's road, a road that links Québec and Montréal by the north shore of the St. Lawrence River, and we analyze the way which its history is told during the 20th century. By relying on concepts from the analysis of discourses and myths, we show, by comparison with previous iterations, that contemporary discourses on the road come from a narrative construction dating from the Quiet Revolution and conveying representations of this era. From historical articles by Thomas Chapais to tourist guides including "Vive le Québec libre!" of General de Gaulle, the opportunities to define chemin du Roy through narrations are numerous. However, iterations of this genesis narrative follow one another, but are not similar. The facts mentioned, and their meaning, are transformed over time in conjunction with the establishment of automobilism within Québec society. There is, however, continuity in the fact that all the narrations bear witness of the concerns of the time which saw them born. Following General de Gaulle's "triumphant cavalcade" between Québec and Montréal on July 24, 1967, the narrative crystallizes through repetition and two memories are formed in parallel: that of the trip as such and that of the creation of the road. The first, very controversial during the first decades following the event, prevents any collective and consensual appropriation of the road. With the progressive neutralization of the political significance of the road, greater tourism development becomes possible. Thus, a completely modern Chemin du Roy is gradually being established as a lieu de mémoire.

Bu çalışmada; Cunda Adası'nı ziyaret eden yerli turistlerin, Cunda Adası'na özgü yöresel yiyeceklerin sunulduğu restoranlardaki yöresel yiyecek beğenilerinin, memnuniyete ve memnuniyetin, satın alım sonrası davranışlara olan etkilerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu etkilerin ortaya çıkartılabilmesi adına Cunda Adası restoranlarında bir ön test gerçekleştirilmiş ve yöresel yiyecekler ölçeği oluşturulmuştur. Yöresel yiyecekler, müşteri memnuniyeti ve davranışsal niyetler ile katılımcıların tanımlayıcı özelliklerinin bulunduğu anket 406 yerli turist üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiş ve beklenen etkiler yapısal eşitlik modeli vasıtasıyla analize tabi tutulmuştur. Yapılan analizler sonucunda katılımcıların yöresel yiyecek ölçeğinin alt boyutlarından olan yöresel otlar ve deniz ürünlerini beğenilerinin müşteri memnuniyeti üzerinde, müşteri memnuniyetinin ise davranışsal niyetler üzerinde etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Ladies and Gentlemen, It is a great pleasure for me to open this exhibition. First of all, because of its subject, the classical Artists' Colony of Nidden on the Curonian Spit and its connections to other classical Artists' Colonies in Europe. I have been to Nidden several times, for euroart matters, and that is the second reason for my pleasure of being here, in the Noord-Veluws Museum.

The relationship between cities and consumption today is more heterogeneous than ever. If shopping malls and department stores represent the quintessence of genericity and inclusiveness, in other cases the location of a brand's outlets in areas of the city that are still not massified becomes a determining factor in reinforcing the connotations of exclusivity – or even
nonconformity – of the brand itself. This contribution will focus on different topologies of urban commerce from the early 19th century to the present days and, more specifically, on the role that the choice of urban location has often played in the semiosis of different forms and experiences of consumption, between mainstream and trend-setters.

This contribution examines the role of the automobile as both a tool and an issue at a crucial moment in the debate about historic city centers. «Le vie d’Italia» magazine of the Italian Touring Club is analysed as a litmus test to understand the conflicts that arise between consumer behaviours, bureaucratic practices of public administrators, and the stances of intellectuals, theorists, and planners regarding the use and abuse of the automobile between the Fifties and Sixties.

A következő oldalakon bepillantást nyerhetnek a fiatal, s régebb óta fiatal kollégák kutatási eredményeibe. Írásaik nemcsak a vizsgált korszakok, hanem a témák tekintetében is sokszínűek. Így a művészet-, hely-, had-, politika- és egyháztörténet különböző kérdéseivel foglalkoznak, időben pedig az antik világtól a 20. századig terjednek.

El siguiente artículo se propone presentar los resultados de mi investigación doctoral, los cuales analizaron los procesos de turistificación del noroeste argentino entre los años 1930 y 1960 1 desde una perspectiva que puso en juego las escalas nacional, regional y provincial. El turismo se manifestó en una multiplicidad de dimensiones sociales, políticas y culturales lo cual permite entenderlo como un fenómeno central de la historia moderna (Koshar, 2002). 2 Motivado por patrones de consumo, ideas sobre la salud y nociones estéticas que emergieron después de la mitad del siglo XVIII en Europa, se constituyó en un aspecto transversal de las sociedades occidentales (Zuelow, 2015).

La retórica peronista situó al turismo como un elemento clave para la realización plena de la vida de los trabajadores. Inserto en esa malla discursiva, el turismo fue objeto de acciones públicas tendientes a su democratización. Así pues, el objetivo de este artículo consiste en analizar las políticas de territorialización turística centradas en la faceta hotelera y el despliegue de villas de veraneo y el rol de las agencias expertas a través de sus capacidades y límites, en la provincia de Tucumán durante los años de los gobiernos peronistas (1946 y 1955). El artículo apunta a "descentrar" el Estado desde un doble punto de vista. Por un lado, busca obtener una mirada más abarcadora del país ya que la reciente historia del turismo se ha enfocado en el análisis de los destinos más tradicionales tales como Mar del Plata y Córdoba. En segundo lugar, busca recuperar lo específico del Estado en su escala provincial en tanto esta no constituye un reflejo mecánico del Estado nacional. Para ello se realizó un análisis cualitativo de documentos públicos tales como boletines oficiales, diarios de sesiones parlamentarias, prensa escrita de la época de rango provincial y regional, así como fuentes de Estado de reparticiones especializadas.

L’estudi del turisme a Lloret de Mar no es pot entendre sense analitzar les interaccions socials que van marcar la seva gènesi i la seva evolució. En aquest context, les perspectives de Núria Iborra i Font i August Mas i Llibre ofereixen una visió complementària sobre els canvis socials i econòmics que han transformat la vila al llarg del temps.

According to Michel Foucault, it is possible 'to make fiction work within truth, to induce truth-effects within a fictional discourse, and in some way to make the discourse of truth arouse, “fabricate” something which does not as yet exist, thus “fiction” something' (Morris & ...