Discourse Analysis (DA)

Este  artigo  analisa  o  movimento  separatista O Sul é o Meu  Paísa    partir    de    teorias    do    nacionalismo (especialmente  Ernst  Renan,  Ernest  Gellner,  Benedict Anderson  e  Eric Hobsbawm).  Diferentemente  de  estudos que  privilegiam  a  viabilidade  econômica  ou  jurídica  do movimento,  o  foco  aqui  é  identificar  os  ecos  de  uma identidade sulista em oposição à identidade nacional bra-sileira.  Para  tanto,  adotamos  uma  abordagem  qualitativa e  interpretativa,  articulando  revisão  crítica  de  teorias clássicas do nacionalismo com análise histórico-discursiva do movimento. O percurso analítico envolve: a) examinar o  acoplamento  histórico  entre  Estado  e  nação  na  forma-ção  de  um  tipo  específico  de  unidade  política;  b)  discutir o  desenvolvimento  de  uma  identidade  nacional “oficial” brasileira e suas implicações; c) confrontar essa identida-de  nacional  com  a  autoimagem  mobilizada  pelo  movi-mento  OSMP,  em  diálogo  com  o  processo  histórico  de formação  da  região;  e  d)  avaliar  a  inviabilidade  jurídico-política do movimento à luz desses elementos. Argumen-ta-se  que  a  reivindicação  de  independência  é  apresenta-da  como  destino  natural  da  região  e,  mesmo sem  viabili-dade jurídica ou política, mantém relevância na formação de um imaginário político local –seja como “comunidade imaginada” ou “tradição  inventada”. Nesse  sentido,  as contribuições  teóricas  examinadas  oferecem  instrumen-tos para compreender os sulistas como uma nação em si, embora  tal  reconhecimento  não  implique,  dada  a  irrele-vância  política  prática  do  movimento,  qualquer  possibili-dade de realização de seus objetivos separatistas.

The article is devoted to the study of leak detection in oil and gas pipelines using the Internet of Things and a deep learning algorithm. The author substantiates the relevance and significance of the research topic. Leaks in oil and gas pipelines are a common occurrence in the oil and gas infrastructure around the world. It is postulated that at present a fairly broad foundation of methods and techniques has been accumulated that contribute to its development and in the near future leak detection systems will be installed on all pipelines. At the same time, the analysis of modern experience indicates that the physical monitoring of these pipelines by human forces remains and will remain a difficult task. Although modern leak detection methods are not able to completely prevent their occurrence or detect most leaks, they are necessary to reduce their consequences. Despite recent developments in the field of solving this problem, the solution still falls short of expectations. Given the role that pipelines play in transporting crude oil, which is considered the backbone of the global economy, in various environments, hundreds of studies have been devoted to providing the necessary protection for it. Various technologies have been used for this, differing, among other things, in cost, reliability and efficiency. This study presents an approach to detecting leaks in pipelines based on the architecture of deep learning and the Internet of Things.

Em julho de 2022, quando o Brasil ainda enfrentava 7 mil mortes de Covid por mês, o então presidente Jair Bolsonaro foi ao Conselho Federal de Medicina e, para justificar o uso de remédios sem eficácia comprovada contra o vírus, recorreu a uma piada: Nós sabemos que muitas vezes, os senhores sabem mais do que eu, que muitos remédios são descobertos por acaso. Até mesmo o da impotência sexual. Foi por aí né? Quando passava alguém perto da cama de um velhinho, ali ele queria se levantar, e não era pra ir no banheiro! Aí descobriram esse remédio. Ainda bem né? Ainda bem. Hoje está mais descomplicado na hora de ter que levantar. E foi um exemplo pra todos nós, né?2

El presente trabajo es parte de la investigación
realizada por el colectivo Investigar en red, un equipo de
docentes investigadores de carreras vinculadas con la
comunicación y el periodismo de alrededor de cincuenta
universidades públicas y privadas de nueve países de
Latinoamérica (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,
México, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela).
El objetivo es indagar cómo se informan y cómo estudian las y
los jóvenes en nuestras facultades en un contexto en que el
ecosistema de medios vigente da lugar a nuevas prácticas de
lectura, de consumo y producción de contenidos.
En este artículo focalizamos en el uso de las redes sociales como
fuente de acceso a las noticias en los estudiantes de las
universidades nacionales de Salta y del Centro de la Provincia
de Buenos Aires.

This study deploys Searle's commissive act to critically analyze the inauguration speeches of Governor Godwin Obaseki in order to make obvious the ideological underpinnings and trends of politics in Edo State and by extension Nigeria. Edo State, just like every other state in the country, carries the cancer of electoral malpractices orchestrated by the intrigues of the drama of Nigerian politicians. This study is motivated by the need to find out how Governor Obaseki deploys commissive acts in his inauguration speeches, the inherent ideological underpinnings and the discursive placement of inaugural speeches in political discourse. The study observes the following: the governor made use of commissive verbs to foreground his futuristic actions in his promises, he anchors his commitment on his ideology of industrialization which is one of the cardinal points in his campaign. All the excerpts of the governor's commitment to job creation are only found in the 2016 speech. Finally, this study concludes that inauguration speeches are testaments which discursively document and report the intrigues of pre-election and election drama.

This study examines the journalistic discursive strategies of stance taking with references to selected voices in the reporting of the Arab-Israeli conflict in two international newspapers: Washington Post (WP) and Al Jazeera (English) (AJE). The study employs a Discourse Analysis framework by integrating the Faircloughian critical discourse perspective (Fairclough, 2010) and Martin and White's (2005) appraisal framework. This conceptual framework informs the analysis of the evaluative and affective dimensions of language, shedding light on underlying values, standpoints, power dynamics and attitudes. A total of 117 news texts are collected from AJE, and 113 news texts are sourced from WP. The findings uncover variabilities and resemblances in the patterns of how (inter)personal emotions (i.e., affect) and judgements (i.e., social sanction and social esteem) are operated and disseminated by AJE and WP. The findings also disclose that manners of engagement i.e., ‘endorse,’ ‘attest’ and ‘acknowledge’ in both newspapers are primarily included in noteworthy methods through which the writers can construct their evaluative language. The writers have subjectively adopted some external voices to potentially meet their own assessments and narrow down the possibility of (including dialogic voices) dissenting their assumptions or challenging their views. Both medias have alternative or multiple voices acknowledge the epistemic sources in a way that can intersubjectively ensures/foregrounds the writers’ attitude and stance. This indicates that both newspapers construct conflict discourse according to certain dimensions where they can elevate their feelings, commitments, attitudes, and judgements concerning selected themes or events. The journalists emphasize establishing hard news based on emotional dimensions i.e., negativity/positivity (over accuracy and objectivity) that can generate the attention of the audience consciously or subconsciously
iv
towards certain awareness, beliefs and reactions. AJE and WP constitute newsworthiness based on undertaken socio-cultural practices, ideologies and political implications that may restrict standards of fairness, objectivity and nuanced reporting in conflict discourse, and thus produce ideologically-driven reporting. This can lead to a polarization of public opinion, escalation of the conflict and creation of further divisions between communities. AJE often takes a critical stance towards bias and double standards of the US administration in their approach to the conflict. So, AJE prioritize the Arab voices that adopt Muslim perspectives or Arab identity and struggle against the Israeli occupation and US prejudice. WP, on the other hand, tends to frame the conflict in terms of US commitments, policies or/and interests in the region which may express why the WP ignores Arab/Palestinian grievances. In this view, language of conflict reporting plays a multi-function task especially in the key issues of a conflict. Journalists and news institutions should acknowledge that their emotional evaluation can affect their reporting and may indirectly consequent in more hostility and collective violence, and thus hinder the prospects of peaceful resolution.

The findings presented in this paper arise out of a complete Discourse Analysis of the whole Book of Revelation. The goal is to examine the function of the connectives in the Book of Revelation, particularly at the levels of the linguistic hierarchy above the sentence and paragraph.

The most common, and the most important of these, are kai ‘and’, and asyndeton, which is the absence of any overt grammatical marker. In addition, the connective phrases ‘after this’, and ‘after these things’ will also be discussed.

The principal proposition is that kai, traditionally seen as a conjunction, functions as a topic marker, indicating continuity and parallelism within the discourse. This hypothesis, challenges the traditional view that kai (and more particularly the phrase kai eidon ‘and I saw’), can be used as a means of dividing the text into units. A more cohesive approach to understanding the book’s structure is proposed instead.

Reference will also be made to the overlap links, which are another important, non-grammatical means by which the author connects the various constituent parts of the discourse together. It will also be explained how all the connectives which are used in Revelation, provide the author with a variety of means by which he can indicate different levels of prominence in the book.

This paper evaluates some editorial cartoons selected from Al-Ahram, an Egyptian newspaper, amidst the 25 th of January 2011 and the 30 th of June 2013 public revolutions. The study explicates how visual images are intentionally produced to communicate and disseminate ideologies, values and identities in one of the official print media in Egypt. The study draws upon Kress & van Leeuwen (2006) framework of Visual Grammar applied. The analysis of the political cartoons in Al-Ahram reveals political, social, and cultural milieu in Egypt at the time of unrest. The paper proves that through multimodal texts, Al-Ahram is able to inscribe its political and ideological stances to its audience.

This report has been thought as a supplement to the article “Représentations diagrammatiques: perspectives cognitives et computationnelles” (C. Recanati, Intellectica n°40, 2005). We give here two detailed examples of the use of diagrams in human reasoning. The main part reports observations made on the strategy of players in the game of Master Mind.

دورة الأمن السيبراني المعتمدة (Certified Cybersecurity Expert – CCE) هي البرنامج التدريبي العربي الأكثر شمولًا لتعلّم الأمن السيبراني من الصفر حتى الاحتراف، مصمّم وفق المعايير العالمية مثل NIST وISO وOWASP. يهدف هذا البرنامج إلى تأهيل المتدربين على حماية الأنظمة والشبكات والبيانات من التهديدات والهجمات الإلكترونية عبر مزيج متكامل من الشرح الأكاديمي، التطبيقات العملية، والمختبرات الافتراضية الآمنة. تمنح الدورة شهادة دولية معتمدة، وتفتح أبواب سوق العمل المحلي والعالمي في واحد من أسرع المجالات نموًا وأكثرها طلبًا.

من خلال دورة الامن السيبراني، سيتعلم المتدربون أساسيات أمن المعلومات، أمن الشبكات، اختبار الاختراق الأخلاقي، أمن التطبيقات والويب، التحليل الجنائي الرقمي، الاستجابة للحوادث، أمن السحابة، وDevSecOps، مع دعم أكاديمي مستمر وتحديثات محتوى مدى الحياة. الدورة مناسبة للمبتدئين والطلاب والموظفين والمهنيين على حد سواء، وتُعدّ فرصة مثالية للحصول على خبرة عملية متكاملة تؤهلك لاجتياز أشهر الشهادات العالمية وتطوير مسارك المهني في مجال الأمن السيبراني.

This paper titled Moral issues inherent in cases of rape in Nigeria argued that rape is a vice with inherent moral issues with varied implications for the people of Nigeria and the nation as an entity. The paper explained what rape is; it enumerated the causes and effects of rape on individual, family and the society atlarge. In addition, the paper discussed some identified social and religious implications of rape on the victims of rape, their family members, their friends and the nation itself. The paper was written from an historical-literary point of view; it is theoretical in nature. The method used allowed for thorough examination of relevant literatures on the theme addressed in the paper. The examination was done thoroughly and objectively. Observations and interraction with some individuals who claimed to have fallen victim of rape directly or indirectly through their loved ones were carried out. The paper was concluded with suggestions on how to care for rape victims and also ameliorate it in our nation.

The division of linguistic verbs into declarative (informational) and performative (constructive) acts is particularly relevant for linguists. Those verbs develop an understanding of how sentences are put together and the numerous ways that ideas can be expressed by using different sentence structures Those verbs develop an understanding of how sentences are put together and the numerous ways that ideas can be expressed by using different sentence structures Information is conveyed through declarative statements, whereas actions and requests are expressed through performative ones. Linguists can better examine language for meaning and function if they have a firm grasp of the distinctions between these two sentence patterns. The use of the verb "suggests" in a sentence like "I recommend that we go out for dinner tonight" indicates that the statement is being made as a suggestion rather than a command. The use of the word "think" in statements like "I think you should do your homework" indicates that the speaker is expressing an opinion rather than stating a fact. Reporting verbs allow speakers to convey their thoughts and feelings more precisely in conversation. As far as I know, computer linguistics research on declarative verbs, notably contrastive analytical studies between Arabic and English, is scarce. Some experts are researching how these two languages are used. One study found that Arabic speakers use more verb phrases than English speakers on the same issue. Also, Arabic prefers non-finite verbs, while English prefers finite verbs. Arabic employs declarative verbs less than English. [1] However, this study examines show Arabic and English academic writers use reporting and informing verbs functionally and positionally in social science texts. A word sketch is used to determine the most common reporting verbs in both languages and compare their usage. The software is used to supply the frequency, which corresponds to the number of occurrences of the verbs in the articles of the two languages. Statistical analysis of reporting verbs can provide a better understanding of which verbs are used most often and in what contexts. Using Hyland's (2002) paradigm, the results show that reporting verbs in both languages may be classified into research actions, discourse acts, and cognition acts.

RESUMO O presente estudo tem como objetivo discutir as causas do uso arbitrário do antigo e do novo acordo ortográfico pelos alunos no contexto de ensinoaprendizagem da língua portuguesa em Moçambique. Repensar a escrita no contexto processo educativo em Moçambique é embarcar para uma reflexão justificável e de tamanha importância, pois com o advento das mudanças sociais e novas tecnologias, os alunos mostram-se, cada vez mais, desinteressados na escrita. O ensino-aprendizagem da língua portuguesa, em Moçambique, sobretudo, no ensino secundário, é marcado por desafios, pois os alunos usam arbitrariamente o acordo de 1945 e o novo acordo ortográfico de 1990. Em relação à metodologia, este artigo é de caráter bibliográfico, que segue uma abordagem qualitativa, fazendo uso do método de análise de conteúdo e uso da técnica de observação. A pesquisa baseia-se em trabalhos de Lima (2009);

This brief article provides a preview of a new book which is soon to be published. The aim of this book is to show how the Book of Revelation is important for, and relevant to, everybody, whether academically inclined, or not so.
It contains a full outline of its most elegant and systematic structure, with particular reference to its Hebrew discourse characteristics.

Some notes on the book 'Textual Interaction' by Michael Hoey, taken by José Angel García Landa in 2003, with page numbers on the left margin.. With occasional parenthetical comments in Spanish. (Michael Hoey.  Textual Interaction: An Introduction to Written Discourse Analysis. London: Routledge, 2001).

In his triangular theory of love proposed in 1986, psychologist Robert
Sternberg draws attention to the types and natures of love and
emphasises the components of intimacy, passion and commitment that
occur to a greater or lesser extent in all love relationships. According to
Sternberg, two of these three components are felt more predominantly
in the love experienced. He calls the love in which all three components
are experienced as consummate love. Benjamin Constant’s novel
Adolphe, which tells one of the most beautiful love stories in French
literature, has a structure that can be read according to Sternberg’s
triangular love theory. In the adventure that Adolphe of a noble family
embarks on in order to seduce a woman, the novel exhibits a picture in
accordance with the said theory in terms of the components of intimacy,
which expresses warmth and sharing in love; passion, which includes
romance, physical attraction and togetherness; and decision/
commitment, in which cognitive elements such as the subject’s certainty
that he loves the other person and his decision to continue this love are
predominantly felt. In his novel, Constant presents a character who gets
close to a woman named Ellénore by emulating his friends, and after he
succeeds in getting close to her, he begins to move away from her in the
phase of passion and leaves her alone in the phase of devotion; he is
discouraged, incapable of taking responsibility for his actions, unable to
break society’s taboos on forbidden love, and eventually leads to the
death of the woman he has fallen madly in love with. In this study, the
novel Adolphe is analysed within the framework of Sternberg’s triangular
love theory.

The Meninas Digitais Project aims at attracting girls to Computer Science area. This work presents the conduction of a workshop at the LNCC (National Computer Science Laboratory) in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, for two public elementary school classes. After a talk about the project, we conducted a practical experience in a (re) design of Human-Computer Interaction scenario. In this experience, the students would have to understand the customer's need and present possible solutions to the problems presented.

Introduction:The  present study  aimed  to  compare  the  translanguaging  pedagogies used by native and non-native EFL teachers in their academic writing classes in a Türkish university  context.  Translanguaging  pedagogies  includedstrategies  such  as  switching between  and  speaking  multiple  languages,  comparing  languages  andcultures,and making use of translation.Methodology:A native EFL teacher, a non-native EFL teacher, and their students (N=32)  were  purposefully  selected  from  the  English  pre-sessional  program  of  a  Türkish university. The native teacher is British, and the non-native teacher and the students are of  Türkish  nationality.  Data  was  collected  from  two  audio  recordings  of  teachers’academic writing classes. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics such as the frequency  of translanguaging  pedagogies and  English  and  Türkish  words  of  the participants using CLAN (Computerized Language ANalysis) Program. Results: The  findings revealed differences between the teachers’ classes. In the non-native teacher’s class, language integration (students’ L1 and target language) was more intensive,  compared  to  the  session  withthe  native  teacher.  The  frequency  of  Türkish words was high and close to the frequency of English words in the non-native teacher’s classroom, while English was dominating Türkish in the native teacher’s session at a significant  level.  Similarly,  the  switches  between  languages  were  much  more  in  the classroom of the non-native teacher. Another finding indicated that the non-native teacher made much more use of translanguaging pedagogies than her native counterpart. Apart from code-switching, the non-native teacher compared English and Türkish grammar and translated  vocabulary,  sentences,  and  her  questions  to  the  students  very  often.  On  the other hand, the native EFL teacher only compared American and British cultures.Conclusion:Native  and  non-native  EFL  teachers  may  approach  translanguaging differently  in  the classroom, and  this also  affects  the  translanguagingbehavior  of  their students  accordingly.  Further  research  is  suggested  with  qualitative  and  longitudinal studies  on  native  vs.  non-native  EFL  teachers’translanguaging.  Implications  were recommended at the end of the study

Há algumas décadas a proliferação de pesquisas históricas por perspectivas de
gênero, classe, etnia, idade dentre outras condições sociais e posteriormente o
entrecruzamento dessas categorias, aumentaram as possibilidades de interpretação e escrita do
passado. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir as possibilidades e desafios presentes na educação
histórica enquanto campo de entendimento e debate dos processos históricos que
fundamentam a condição dessas categorias no presente e no cotidiano dos estudantes. A
utilização da pluralização de passados, de narrativas históricas e de compreensões que
desvelem identidades, representações e imposições do presente, como construções históricas,
fazem parte da efetivação de uma educação histórica voltada para a cidadania plena. Nesse
sentido, defendemos neste texto gênero e interseccionalidades como operadores fundamentais
para o desenvolvimento da consciência histórica

АННОТАЦИЯ В работе предлагается классификация математических моделей распространения радиоволн (РРВ) в лесных массивах в широком диапазоне частот, в которых обобщаются результаты работ автора и многочисленных исследователей: эффективной комплексной диэлектрической проницаемости лесов, эффективных рабочего и погонного коэффициентов затухания, радио потерь на трассе, эффективных дифференциальных сечений поглощения и рассеяния, а также удельной эффективной площади обратного рассеяния лесной растительностью. Достаточно сложная проблема влияния лесных массивов на распространение радиоволн различных диапазонов до настоящего времени является чрезвычайно актуальной в связи с широким распространением систем мобильной и космической радиосвязи, а также решением задач радио-мониторинга земной поверхности и радио-интроскопии объектов в лесах.

Данная статья предлагает краткий обзор основных когнитивно-ориентированных теорий феномена комического, а также развития положений данных теорий в дальнейших когнитивно-ориентированных узко-аспектирующих исследованиях. В заключении делается вывод о непротиворечивой и эффективной методике исследования когнитивно-дискурсивного подхода.

Resumo: A presente resenha versa sobre o documentário "Atleta A", produzido em 2020 pelo serviço de streaming Netflix. O roteiro retrata ginastas que sofreram abusos sexuais de Lary Nassar, ex-médico da equipe de ginástica dos Estados Unidos. A obra apresenta os bastidores do caso, desde o início das investigações, os relatos das vítimas, o trabalho da mídia, o envolvimento das instituições e agentes reguladores da modalidade, até o julgamento do exmédico. Nesse sentido, o documentário além de causar repulsa ao expectador sobre os abusos no esporte, alerta sobre a necessidade de uma ação mais cuidadosa aos mecanismos de proteção.

A obra tem por objetivo trazer, de modo resumido, ao leitor, informações a respeito de Catálogo de Plantas, uma ferramenta elaborada para trabalhar Educação Ambiental e conscientizar a respeito das diversas espécies de plantas que nos cercam. O trabalho é fruto do projeto ‘UNIFAL INTERATIVA’ junto a outros dois produtos, também voltados para área educacional, apoiados pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).

This journal has analyzed gastronomic tourism in Uzbekistan. Moreover, author has analyzed gastronomic tourism industry both from theoretical and methodological points in the examples of Samarkand. The way of tourism development through gastronomic tourism has been pinpointed while making accents on outcomes and shortcomings as the whole.

Graduanda em Relações Internacionais pela Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) e membro do corpo editorial do Cosmopolítico O MODELO DA DIPLOMACIA CULTURAL FRANCESA THE MODEL OF FRENCH CULTURAL DIPLOMACY Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o fenômeno da Diplomacia Cultural como condutora da política externa francesa, que assume então um protagonismo no cenário de um interconectado e globalizado sistema internacional na era pós-globalização. Neste estudo, é destacada a diplomacia cultural exercida na França, performada de forma pioneira nas relações internacionais desde o século XIV, principalmente através da difusão da língua, arte e costumes franceses ao redor do mundo e pautada no intuito de construir uma imagem nacional francesa forte, coesa e sedutora. Contemporaneamente, a diplomacia cultural francesa se baseia no incentivo à diversidade cultural, ilustrado pelo modelo do programa Saisons Culturelles promovido pelo governo francês, que é referência mundial na aproximação diplomática entre países a partir das artes e culturas.

The analysis of a corpus of 350 newspaper advertisements, commercial websites and catalogue images of children's furniture brands, reveals a tendency not to portray the child in two third of the cases. Questioning this paradox leads to examine the discursive strategies that allow an implicit depiction of the child in the image. Drawing on semiotic structural analysis (Greimas, 1987), this paper highlights the multi-layered semiotic process used to frame the meaning conveyed to the parent-child hybrid consumer. Beyond the meaning production forms that advertising imaginary worlds deploy, the analysis opens a reflection nurtured by the semiotics of emotions (Greimas et Fontanille, 1991) to question the emotional and affective potentialities suggested by the adverts that lead the parent to imagine his / her child's living within the material space of the bedroom.

Partindo do pressuposto de que a existência de uma mitologia cultural compartilhada por seus integrantes é um dos elementos primordiais para a construção de uma “comunidade imaginada”, seja ela uma nação ou um espaço comunitário transnacional como a Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa – CPLP, defendemos neste artigo que o discurso da lusofonia é, via de regra, um discurso essencialmente português, pois foi construído a partir de elementos presentes no imaginário político da nação lusitana e não, necessariamente, no dos demais povos de língua portuguesa. Portanto, percebemos a lusofonia e a Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa como projetos políticos, acima de tudo, portugueses, e com a forte marca do nacionalismo lusitano. Argumentamos, assim, que isso acaba sendo mais um empecilho para a consolidação desse espaço comunitário, que pressupõe, por sua própria natureza, a existência da igualdade plena entre seus membros.

The presence and influence of complementary and alternative therapies have been increasingly felt in recent years. One reason for this is the active promotion of its services and products through various media channels. The current study focused on information brochures that are placed on pharmacy counters and shelves, and examined how they function as persuasive texts in promoting products and persuading potential users to buy them. The study utilised genre analysis as a method for examining how language and information in texts are systematically selected and structured to perform particular actions and achieve particular communicative purposes. Genre hybridisation as a theoretical concept is drawn on to explain the inter-generic realisation of forms of discourse. One hundred brochures providing information on complementary and alternative health products produced by pharmaceutical companies were collected from pharmacies in Malaysia and analysed for their communicative content in terms of rhetorical moves used to promote the products. This paper describes the generic structure of the print content in the brochures and discusses how it functions to present a favourable view of complementary and alternative health products to the reader. The results show that across all the brochures, regardless of the type of product, a uniform set of moves that is comparable to the sales promotional genre is identified. The findings also reveal that such information brochures on pharmacy counters are in fact persuasive promotional literature. As these brochures are ubiquitous in pharmacies and drugstores in most countries, they are an important force in influencing consumer and patient knowledge, and beliefs about complementary and alternative medicine.

Humanism is an anthropocentric discourse that weaves a narrative of progress and happiness around an essentialist construct of being human. Since all discourses are historical in nature, this study aims at analyzing humanism as a historical discourse that was dominant in the 20th century modern era and legitimized an exclusionary definition of being human. Furthermore, this study aims to reveal that humanism's essentialism dehumanizes and alienates people by making them conform to rigid standards of thought and behavior that it posits as universal and absolute. For this purpose, the selected text The Master and Margarita (1967) by Mikhail Bulgakov is taken as representative of the modern episteme wherein humanism was the

La metáfora del título de este libro colectivo, así como la de nuestro trabajo, contiene los problemas que debemos enfrentar al abordar los funcionamientos del sentido, su producción y su reproducción en las prácticas semiótico-discursivas. La fascinación del sentido se debe, entre otros factores, a que él se escurre, se desliza, se construye, aparece y desaparece, se simula, se esconde en los intersticios de la construcción arquitectónica semiótico-discursiva; se hace invisible conformando una red con múltiples nudos que envuelve el tejido semiótico-discursivo de tal manera que, para desenredarlo, es necesario recurrir al pensamiento complejo, a la transdisciplinariedad.

This study employs corpus-based discourse analysis to investigate racial and gender disparities in opioid prescribing practices. Analysis of 171 medical interactions in the United States from 2008 to 2020, drawn from the Verilogue corpus of doctor-patient dialogue, revealed a significant relationship between patients' race and physicians' prescribing behaviors. By systematically examining the stages in which patients were either prescribed or denied opioids, this study quantifies the challenges faced by patients as they navigate opioid-related discussions.

Statistical analyses revealed that patient race was significantly associated with whether patients were prescribed and offered opioids, while gender did not show any significant association. Logistic regression analysis revealed that racial and ethnic minorities (REMs) had significantly lower odds of being prescribed opioids for their pain. REMs were also less likely to be offered opioids, resulting in them having to initiate requests for this fraught medication.

Discourse analysis of excerpts is provided to offer deeper insights into these disparities, highlighting patterns of increased scrutiny and hesitance in prescribing opioids to REM patients, even when they reported severe pain. In contrast, interactions with White patients often demonstrated more relaxed prescribing practices and increased patient autonomy in treatment decisions.

These findings align with current research on inequities in pain treatment across communities. By illuminating these disparities, this research emphasizes the importance of understanding various culturally-dependent linguistic practices, such as the diverse ways individuals express pain.

В работе рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с изучением
взаимодействия дискурсов в медиа-пространстве, анализ функционирования дискурса «господина» по теории Ж. Лакана, особенности дискурса в русскоязычных и англоязычных источниках медиа. Цель исследования направлена на сопоставление и анализ взаимодействия дискурсов в русском и английском языках. Объектом исследования являются русскоязычные и
англоязычные медиатексты, которые отражают особенности тему
коронавируса в медиапространстве. В работе рассматривались различные конструкции, являющиеся наиболее популярными в различных газетах, журналах и интернет-ресурсах, связанных с СМИ. Предметом исследования является изучение особенностей взаимодействия дискурсов в рамках медиапространства, а также влияния каждого из них на различные источники СМИ в
современности. Научная новизна исследования состоит в использовании относительно недавних статей, посвященных определенной тематике, которые могут помочь в изучении функционирования дискурса в медиапространстве, а также для дальнейших лингвистических исследований и
сравнения изменений языковой структуры.

RESUMO
O presente trabalho de investigação analisa a conceção de Agostinho da Silva sobre a Universidade de Brasília como expressão do seu pensamento filosófico tendo por base a centralidade da língua portuguesa. Argumenta-se que o discurso de Agostinho, usando como instrumento o domínio académico, revela uma proposta de lusofonia enquanto comunidade cultural e universalista, orientada por valores de respeito e liberdade e de redescoberta do verdadeiro sentido de Portugal. Fez-se de metodologia hermenêutica e qualitativa. Adicionalmente, investiga-se o conceito de lusofonia como projeto regionalista, definido pela língua e por um arquétipo cultural que reflete o projeto do V Império, influenciado por figuras como Padre António Vieira e Fernando Pessoa. Conclui-se que a lusofonia proposta por Agostinho da Silva não se reduz ao conceito e existência atual da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa (CPLP), mas antes constitui um ideal utópico e espiritual que transcende fronteiras geográficas e temporais, integrando-se no pensamento político-místico de alcance universal Agostiniano, concluindo-se com uma proposta de (re)definição de Lusofonia. Aqui reflete-se sobre a relevância contemporânea desse conceito num contexto geopolítico em transformação, onde os valores lusófonos podem oferecer uma alternativa humanista à crise do modelo europeu e mundial.

ABSTRACT
The present research analyzes Agostinho da Silva's conception of the University of Brasília as an expression of his philosophical thought, based on the centrality of the Portuguese language. It is argued that Agostinho's discourse, using the academic domain as a vehicle, reveals a proposal for Lusophony as a cultural and universalist community, guided by values of respect, freedom, and the rediscovery of the true essence of Portugal. A hermeneutic and qualitative methodology was employed. Additionally, the concept of Lusophony is examined as a regionalist project, defined by the Portuguese language and a cultural archetype reflecting the vision of the Fifth Empire, influenced by figures such as Father António Vieira and Fernando Pessoa. It is concluded that the Lusophony proposed by Agostinho da Silva is not confined to the current concept and existence of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (CPLP) but rather constitutes a utopian and spiritual ideal that transcends geographical and temporal boundaries. This vision integrates into Agostinho's universal political-mystical thought, culminating in a proposal to (re)define Lusophony. The study reflects on the contemporary relevance of this concept within a shifting geopolitical context, where Lusophone values may offer a humanistic alternative to the crisis of the European and global model.

Este estudo parte da noção da importância da língua como elemento caro à identidade cultural, trazendo como foco o contexto da lusofonia. Ao detalhar uma atividade realizada na Faculdade de Letras da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, este trabalho, estruturado no gênero relato de experiência, descreve como estudantes investigaram as características de cada território lusófono e a instauração da língua portuguesa nesses lugares, promovendo um intercâmbio cultural e reflexões sobre identidades linguísticas. Utilizando metodologias ativas como aprendizagem baseada em projetos e sala de aula invertida, os alunos exploraram a diversidade cultural, histórica e linguística dos países lusófonos, oferecendo uma visão mais profunda e apreciativa da lusofonia. Como corpo teórico, foram acionados os estudos de Ribeiro, Pacheco e Machado (2023), Pimenta, Ribeiro e Moreira (2023) e Conte (2008), agregados a outros autores. Em síntese, as apresentações forneceram um intercâmbio pelas terras lusófonas em forma de narrativa verbo-visual, proporcionando uma compreensão apreciativa da diversidade cultural, linguística e histórica dos países lusófonos, reforçando a importância do diálogo intercultural e da cooperação global.

The following work is devoted to the problems of the Expressive means and Stylistic devices usage within the QueenElisabeth II Christmas 2020 discourse, the 25-th of December, 2020. The annual Queen Elisabeth II Christmas messageis defined in the given work as the Queen Elisabeth II Christmas discourse with the features of argumentative, declarativeand the appealing to act discourses with the pragma-communicative purposes to congratulate the inhabitants of the UKand the Commonwealth realm on the Jesus Christ Birth occasion, to analyze and make conclusions of the year passing over, to draw the plans and guide lines of the forthcoming year. It is pointed out, that traditional in nature Queen Elisabeth II Christmas discourse, which is broadcasted annually, has the unique nature because of the time, place of its occurrence, as well as of its unique content, which is based on the problems of the given discourse, and of the unique form of its organization, which is determined by layout, t...

Quando a Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa (CPLP) foi constituída em 1996, a promoção da língua portuguesa e da diversidade cultural foram definidas como áreas prioritárias. Estando a cultura no centro dos debates contemporâneos sobre identidade, coesão social e diversidade, tem assumido uma importância crescente nas relações de cooperação e intercâmbio, na criação de riqueza e na dinamização de atividades económicas globais. Isso mesmo foi vertido na declaração da "XII Conferência de Chefes de Estado e de Governo da CPLP", que teve lugar, na Ilha do Sal (Cabo Verde), em 2019, e que adotou o lema "As pessoas. A cultura. Os oceanos". Num olhar mais específico, inscrito na Declaração Sobre Cultura e Indústrias Criativas Como Sector Estratégico na CPLP (2018), é reafirmada a adequação da instituição com a Agenda 2030 das Nações Unidas. Os países da CPLP pretendem fazer o levantamento de informações sobre atividades culturais no âmbito da mobilidade de artistas e agentes culturais dos seus Estados-membros e a sua ampla divulgação, para a promoção da diversidade cultural, da língua portuguesa, reforçando os laços históricos. Para tanto, ficou decidido incentivar a promoção da mobilidade de artistas, criadores e das suas obras dentro do espaço da comunidade, para além de desenvolver a partilha de informação entre os Estados-membros sobre as políticas culturais nacionais, a legislação em matéria de circulação de bens, serviços e empreendimentos culturais, os dados estatísticos relativos às atividades culturais e ao seu impacto na economia e na sociedade, para além do estado de adesão e de implementação das convenções da Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (Unesco). Os graves problemas financeiros da CPLP parecem não impedir esta nova abordagem da instituição em relação ao setor cultural, pretendendo contribuir para o aumento A Mobilidade Como Eixo Estruturante da CPLP Para os Próximos Anos, Para Potenciar a Cultura e as Indústrias Criativas Vítor de Sousa da empregabilidade de artistas e agentes da cultura, em consonância com as políticas culturais atuais assentes na mobilidade. CPLP, cultura, indústrias criativas, mobilidade, Agenda 2030 A promoção da língua portuguesa e da diversidade cultural está inscrita na matriz da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa (CPLP). Fundada em 1996, a organização faz assentar esses desideratos paralelamente à concertação político-diplomática e da cooperação técnica multilateral. E, não obstante, a cultura estar, cada vez mais, no centro dos debates contemporâneos sobre identidade, coesão social e diversidade, assumindo uma importância crescente nas relações de cooperação e intercâmbio, o facto é que a globalização cosmopolita veio dificultar sobremaneira essa tarefa, pelo seu recorte homogeneizante e pouco diferenciador. É nesse quadro que o entendimento de cultura não deve ser feito de um modo unívoco, pelo que esta deve ser declinada no plural 1 , alargando o seu espectro interpretativo e agrupando o que se sucedeu ao estilhaço das grandes teorias sobre a temática, na sequência da referida globalização . Homi chama mesmo a atenção para o facto de ter sido posto em causa o essencialismo de categorias que antes dera cola ao denominado equilíbrio social, exatamente na definição do espaço da cultura enquanto detalhe periférico e secundarizado que faz reconsiderar todo o sistema . O que faz sentido, de forma ainda mais sublinhada, no espaço da lusofonia, onde existem culturas, mas sobre o qual não se poderá afirmar que existe uma cultura lusófona. É neste quadro que a presidência da CPLP para o biénio 2018-2020 adotou o lema "As pessoas. A cultura. Os oceanos" (Telles, 2019), em que 1 Só Alfred Kroeber e Clyde , por exemplo, encontraram mais de 160 definições diferentes para o termo "cultura". Clifford Geertz (1973/1989) olhava para essa multiplicidade de forma negativa, mostrando-se adepto da fixação de um conceito único. Definiu-o, assim, como sendo um padrão de significados transmitidos historicamente, incorporado em símbolos, enquanto "sistema de concepções herdadas expressas em formas simbólicas por meio das quais os homens comunicam, perpetuam e desenvolvem seu conhecimento e suas atividades em relação à vida" (Geertz, 1973(Geertz, /1989, p. 66), p. 66). Ora, segundo Max Weber (1989), falar dos diversos conceitos de cultura, implica referir que as definições "variam na medida em que se coloca uma tónica sobre a dimensão subjectiva da cultura", como é o caso da presença dos aspetos referentes aos valores, modelos de comportamento, critérios normativos interiorizados, ou ainda sobre "o carácter (…) objectivo", que as formas culturais assumem enquanto memória coletiva ou tradição codificada e acumulada no tempo (p. 34).

Hyponymy is a lexical-semantic relation very common in specialized vocabulary. It refers to the lexical hierarchical ordering of concepts, in the genus-species type. Generally, all specialized terminology define and list concepts according to the hierarchical systems in which they are included. We analyzed the nutritional terminology of two Romanian nutrition guidelines, and we identified monolexical hyponyms as well as syntagmatic hyponymic constructions which contribute to the precise definition of nutrients, certain nutrition-related diseases and dysfunctions. We analyzed hyponymic hierarchies to highlight the rhetorical function of hypomymic units extracted from definitions, descriptions, enumerations and examples, considered resources which reflect the reality of nutritional discourse.

Em cooperação com o instituto Gran Cursos Autor(a): LARISSA DIAS ROZARIO Resumo: Este artigo analisa a evolução histórica e a relevância da língua portuguesa no contexto global, destacando suas raízes no latim vulgar e as influências culturais que moldaram sua estrutura ao longo dos séculos. A pesquisa aborda ainda o papel da língua como instrumento de comunicação, identidade cultural e integração social em diferentes países lusófonos. Por fim, discute-se como a globalização e as tecnologias digitais apresentam novos desafios e oportunidades para a preservação e a disseminação do idioma.

This paper is an attempt to solve the problems of translating some ambiguous items in the Qur"anic text by using the notion of intra-textuality. The term intra-textuality is defined and compared with that of inter-textuality. The intra-textuality technique seems quite useful when a ST problematic item has more than one parallel occurrence in a text. It is used to establish some form of discourse-semantic-pragmatic relation between the problematic lexical item and its other parallel occurrence(s) in the macro text. It is applied to four problematic items in the Qu"ranic text, for which not only different translators have produced different rendering for the same item , but even one and the same translator has produced inconsistent renderings in different editions of his translation work, probably as a result of some change in the translator"s experiential knowledge or ideologies. Based on such a discourse-oriented perspective, interpretation and translation solutions are suggested for the four cases investigated.

Este trabajo se encuadra en el proyecto de investigación “Sistemas pictográficos y elementos visuales para comprender el patrimonio. Traducción intersemiótica a lectura fácil. VISUALECT” del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España. Concretamente, se presenta la compilación y composición de un corpus textual de textos turísticos en lectura fácil (LF), concepto que se ubica previamente como una modalidad de traducción intralingüística para la accesibilidad, que no cuenta aún con un marco teórico sólido en los Estudios de Traducción. Habida cuenta de lo incipiente que es esta modalidad, se ha elaborado una base de datos de textos origen y meta que sirva para analizar las estrategias traductoras y el nivel de variabilidad entre diferentes géneros y traductores. Los resultados que se obtienen entre 250 textos arrojan un repertorio de trece géneros textuales, así como un reparto muy desigual en la distribución geográfica. Se incluyen reflexiones sobre la dificultad de recuperación de los textos originales y la elevada variabilidad en las estrategias macrotextuales y en los elementos paratextuales.

Entrepreneurship education is introduced to all students of all disciplines in higher institutions as a means of reducing unemployment, poverty reduction and self reliance after graduation. The purpose of this research work was to find out the response of science, technology engineering and mathematics education students towards entrepreneurship education and also the challenges faced by students during the implementation of entrepreneurship education in tertiary institution. In order to carry out the study two research questions were formulated. The area of the study was Akwa Ibom State. A survey research design was adopted for the study. The sample size for the study was one hundred and twenty final year students (120) randomly selected from three (3) tertiary institutions in the state. The instrument for data collection was a 10 item questionnaire tagged Entrepreneurship Response Questionnaire (ERQ). The instrument was administered personally by the researchers to the respondent after entrepreneurship classes in their

This study explored the relationship between vocabulary ability and vocabulary learning strategies (VLS) among ESL learners at Negros Oriental State University, Dumaguete City. A vocabulary ability test and a 30-item Likert-scale questionnaire were used, with data analyzed through descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Results indicate that cognitive strategies, such as note-taking (50%) and engaging with English media (33.33%), were the most preferred. Discovery strategies, including dictionary use (56.66%) and contextual guessing (46.66%), were also widely employed. Memory strategies, such as repetition (36.66%) and word-formation mnemonics, were frequently used. Despite these preferences, statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between students' vocabulary ability and VLS (p > 0.05). This suggests that external factors, such as language exposure and motivation, influence vocabulary competence more than specific strategies. The study further underscores the need for an integrative approach to vocabulary instruction and further research on additional influences on ESL learners' lexical development.