Excavating Counter-Humanistic Discourses Through Mikhail Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita (1967, 2025
Humanism is an anthropocentric discourse that weaves a narrative of progress and happiness around... more Humanism is an anthropocentric discourse that weaves a narrative of progress and happiness around an essentialist construct of being human. Since all discourses are historical in nature, this study aims at analyzing humanism as a historical discourse that was dominant in the 20th century modern era and legitimized an exclusionary definition of being human. Furthermore, this study aims to reveal that humanism's essentialism dehumanizes and alienates people by making them conform to rigid standards of thought and behavior that it posits as universal and absolute. For this purpose, the selected text The Master and Margarita (1967) by Mikhail Bulgakov is taken as representative of the modern episteme wherein humanism was the
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