adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)

This paper presents a new approach for breast cancer diagnosis using a combination of an Adaptive Network based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and the Information Gain method. In this approach, the ANFIS is to build an input-output mapping using both human knowledge and machine learning ability and the information gain method is to reduce the number of input features to ANFIS. An experimental result shows 98.23% accuracy which underlines the capability of the proposed algorithm.

In this paper a method based on combining adaptive neuro fuzzy inference systems (ANFISs) and genetic algorithm (GA) is applied for design and optimization of a circularly polarized microstrip antenna for L1 frequency band of GPS. In design process, trained ANFISs are used for estimating return loss and axial ratio. In optimization process, a proper objective function is defined and minimized with GA in order to obtain optimum physical parameters. The optimization method is much faster than conventional optimization methods. Both simulation and measurement results confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the method.

In this paper a new intelligent identification method of uncertainty bound utilizes an adaptive neurofuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in a feedback scheme is proposed. The proposed ANFIS feedback structure performs better in determining the uncertainty bounds with minimum number of iterations and error. In our proposed technique, the intelligent identified uncertainty weighting function is validated utilizing v-gap to ensure the stability of the designed H controlled system. Our proposed intelligent identification of uncertainty bound is demonstrated on a servo motion system. Simulation and experimental results show that the new ANFIS identifier is more reliable and highly efficient in estimating the best uncertainty weighting function for robust controller design.

Industrial control systems are nowadays exposed in environments with rapid and unstable parameter changes and uses measuring equipments with critical output sensitivity. In the case of thermal gas analyzer, measurement errors are contributed by temperature, gas flow, and pressure. Error compensation is a key problem for these control systems. In recent years, it has been proven in the literature that artificial neural network (ANN) is a reliable and low cost solution to manage errors. Among all the algorithms of ANN, the back propagation is commonly used because of its simplicity and learning methodology is easy to realize. However, it has two notable drawbacks: (a) it is likely to run into local minimum, and (b) convergence is slow. Thermal conductivity gas analyzer often works in adverse surroundings, which requires fast and accurate measurements. Therefore, a strong learning network is needed. This paper proposes a novel thermal gas analyzer using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. The effectiveness and validity of the proposed method is verified by simulation studies using MATLAB. Fuzzy membership rules are created to allow regulation of learning parameters. Further, the fuzzy adaptive network model is constructed to train large data samples while the high precision compensation of sensor error is realized by the improved flow. Simulation results reveal that the convergence speed and output accuracy is improved and the learning parameters in thermal gas analyzer are automatically corrected by the proposed method in comparison with the back propagation algorithm of artificial neural network.

This paper aims to analyze the heart electrocardiograph (ECG) to diagnose the heart performance and predict any future complications. The authors utilize the MIT BIH database to obtain the original data. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to decompose the ECG signal and to reconstruct it. The means of different performance measures of the heart performance (QRS,RR,ST,QT,PR) are tested for their significance before comparing them to the limits of normal performance. Any abnormal measure is used to diagnose the corresponding disease(s). Prediction techniques are used to expect any future complications regarding the abnormal measure(s). Two methods of prediction are applied: the Linear Prediction Method (LPM) and the Grid Partitioning and Fuzzy c-mean Clustering based on Neuro-Fuzzy prediction.

Potato image segmentation is an important part of image-based potato defect detection. This paper presents a robust potato color image segmentation through a combination of a fuzzy rule-based system, image thresholding based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization and morphological operators. The proposed potato color image segmentation is robust against variation of background, distance, and view of potato from a digital camera. In the proposed algorithm, after selecting appropriate color space, the distance between an image pixel and real potato pixels is computed. Furthermore, this distance feeds to a fuzzy rule-based classier to extract potato candidate in the input image. A subtractive clustering algorithm is also used to decide on the number of rules and membership functions of the fuzzy system. To improve the performance of the fuzzy rule-based classifier, the membership functions shapes are also optimized by the GA. To segment potatoes in the input color image, image thresholding is applied to the output of the fuzzy system, where the corresponding threshold is optimized by the GA. To improve the segmentation results, a sequence of some morphological operators are also applied to the output of thresholding stage. The proposed algorithm is applied to different databases with different backgrounds, including USDA, CFIA, and obtained potato images database from Ardabil (Iran's northwest), separately. The correct segmentation rate of the proposed algorithm is approximately 98% over totally more than 500 potato images. Finally, the results of the proposed segmentation algorithm are evaluated for some images taken from real environments of potato industries and farms.

Wave parameters prediction is an important issue in coastal and offshore engineering. In this literature, several models and methods are introduced. In the recent years, the well-known soft computing approaches, such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems and etc., have been known as novel methods to form intelligent systems, these approaches has also been used to predict wave parameters, as well. It is not a long time that support vector machine (SVM) is introduced as a strong machine learning and data mining tool. In this paper, it is used to predict significant wave height (H s ). The data set used in this study comprises wave wind data gathered from deep water locations in Lake Michigan. Current wind speed (u) and those belonging up to six previous hours are given as input variables, while the significant wave height is the output parameter. The SVM results are compared with those of artificial neural networks, multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) models. The results show that SVM can be successfully used for prediction of H s . Furthermore, comparisons indicate that the error statistics of SVM model marginally outperforms ANN even with much less computational time required.

Diabetes occurs when a body is unable to produce or respond properly to insulin which is needed to regulate glucose (sugar). Besides contributing to heart disease, diabetes also increases the risks of developing kidney disease, blindness, nerve damage, and blood vessel damage. In this paper, we have detected on diabetes disease, which is a very common and important disease using principal component analysis (PCA) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The aim of this study is to improve the diagnostic accuracy of diabetes disease combining PCA and ANFIS. The proposed system has two stages. In the first stage, dimension of diabetes disease dataset that has 8 features is reduced to 4 features using principal component analysis. In the second stage, diagnosis of diabetes disease is conducted via adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system classifier. We took the diabetes disease dataset used in our study from the UCI (from Department of Information and Computer Science, University of California) Machine Learning Database. The obtained classification accuracy of our system was 89.47% and it was very promising with regard to the other classification applications in literature for this problem.

In this study, a hybrid model based on ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems), a predictive intelligent-based technique, and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution) was implemented for sustainable supplier selection. Selection of supplier is a crucial task for companies to achieve the objectives of inbound and outbound supply chain system. This selection process may be complex due to the inclusion of diverse subjective and objective factors. There is, therefore, the need for a reliable methodology to provide higher accuracy in predictions of anticipated supplier performance, and this article makes contributions in that direction. The model was applied in the retail end of a fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry to select the best possible suppliers using the sustainability criteria of the triple-bottom-line. Available data from the FMCG retail sector was fed into the TOPSIS and ANFIS model to rank the suppliers. Results indicated that th...

This paper provides a novel and effective approach based on an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for the solution of constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection for Weibull clutter statistics. The optimal detection thresholds of the maximum-likelihood CFAR (ML-CFAR) and the Censored ML-CFAR (CML-CFAR) detectors in Weibull clutter with unknown shape parameter are obtained using fuzzy-neural networks (FNN) technique. The theory of the FNN is presented and the genetic learning algorithm (GA) is applied for the training of the FNN threshold estimator. The proposed FNN-ML-CFAR and FNN-CML-CFAR detectors proved to be efficient particularly in the case of spiky clutter. Experimental results showed the effectiveness of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy threshold estimator under different system conditions and it is also shown that the optimal FNN-ML-CFAR and FNN-CML-CFAR detectors can achieve better performances than the conventional ML-CFAR and CML-CFAR algorithms. r

The human-assisting robot can be helpful for improving the life quality of the disabled and elderly. As Electromyography (EMG) is a physiological signal generated during muscle contraction, it implicates, to certain extent, the human intention for movement, and is thus very suitable to serve as the control signal for the assisting robot. In this paper, we develop an upper-arm EMG-based robot control system, which provides a natural and intuitive manipulation. To satisfy the demand of real-time control, we propose a simple and effective method for the mapping between the upper-arm EMG signal and corresponding movement. However, due to the fuzziness inherent in the EMG signals, which are time-varying and highly nonlinear, the tuning for system parameters is not that straightforward. We therefore employ the concept of fuzzy system to find proper parameters that better suit for the individual users. To provide better adaptive capability, we propose using the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to realize the fuzzy system. We perform a series of experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive upper-arm EMG-based robot control system.

This paper presents an intelligent control technique for the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of a photovoltaic (PV) system using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) under variable solar irradiation conditions. The MXS 60 PV Module specifications is considered for the analysis and models of solar PV module and a DC/DC Boost converter are developed in MATLA/SIMULINK environment. Initially, an MPPT controller is designed using Perturb and Observe (P&O) method. However, this conventional method cannot track rapid changes in the solar irradiation effectively. Hence, an intelligent controller is designed using ANFIS which draws much energy and fast response under continuously changing operating conditions. The PV module with proposed MPPT controller is analyzed in stand-alone mode.  The major disadvantage with PV system is its uncertain and intermittent power output which depends on weather conditions. PV module alone cannot supply reliable power to the isolated load effectively. To overcome this, PV module can be connected to the grid. It serves two purposes; in case of deficit solar irradiation, power can be taken from the grid and when there is surplus irradiation, power can be fed to the grid.  In order to predict the power supplied to the load and grid under different operating conditions sensitivity analysis has been carried out for the PV system with designed MPPT controller is simulated using HOMER Pro Software.

... Olatoyosi Olude Department of Systems Science & Industrial Engineering ... In order to improve the stock market performance, Quah & Srinivasan [31] proposed a stock selection system using ANN to select stocks that are top–performers and to avoid selecting under–performers. ...

The aim of this study is to predict the peak particle velocity (PPV) values from both presently constructed simple regression model and fuzzy-based model. For this purpose, vibrations induced by bench blasting operations were measured in an open-pit mine operated by the most important magnesite producing company (MAS) in Turkey. After gathering the ordered pairs of distance and PPV values, the site-specific parameters were determined using traditional regression method. Also, an attempt has been made to investigate the applicability of a relatively new soft computing method called as the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to predict PPV. To achieve this objective, data obtained from the blasting measurements were evaluated by constructing an ANFIS-based prediction model. The distance from the blasting site to the monitoring stations and the charge weight per delay were selected as the input parameters of the constructed model, the output parameter being the PPV. Valid for the site, the PPV prediction capability of the constructed ANFIS-based model has proved to be successful in terms of statistical performance indices such as variance account for (VAF), root mean square error (RMSE), standard error of estimation, and correlation between predicted and measured PPV values. Also, using these statistical performance indices, a prediction performance comparison has been made between the presently constructed ANFIS-based model and the classical regression-based prediction method, which has been widely used in the literature. Although the prediction performance of the regression-based model was high, the comparison has indicated that the proposed ANFIS-based model exhibited better prediction performance than the classical regression-based model.

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system Least recently used algorithm Short-term cache Long-term cache a b s t r a c t This paper proposes a novel contribution in Web caching area, especially in Web cache replacement, socalled intelligent client-side Web caching scheme (ICWCS). This approach is developed by splitting the client-side cache into two caches: short-term cache that receives the Web objects from the Internet directly, and long-term cache that receives the Web objects from the short-term cache. The objects in short-term cache are removed by least recently used (LRU) algorithm as short-term cache is full. More significantly, when the long-term cache saturates, the neuro-fuzzy system is employed efficiently in managing contents of the long-term cache. The proposed solution is validated by implementing tracedriven simulation and the results are compared with least recently used (LRU) and least frequently used (LFU) algorithms; the most common policies of evaluating Web caching performance. The simulation results have revealed that the proposed approach improves the performance of Web caching in terms of hit ratio (HR), up to 14.8% and 17.9% over LRU and LFU. In terms of byte hit ratio (BHR), the Web caching performance is improved up to 2.57% and 26.25%, and for latency saving ratio (LSR), the performance is better with 8.3% and 18.9% over LRU and LFU, respectively.

Coagulation is the most important stage in drinking water treatment processes for the maintenance of acceptable treated water quality and economic plant operation, which involves many complex physical and chemical phenomena. Moreover, coagulant dosing rate is non-linearly correlated to raw water characteristics such as turbidity, conductivity, pH, temperature, etc. As such, coagulation reaction is hard or even impossible to control satisfactorily by conventional methods. Traditionally, jar tests are used to determine the optimum coagulant dosage. However, this is expensive and time-consuming and does not enable responses to changes in raw water quality in real time. Modelling can be used to overcome these limitations. In this study, an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) was used for modelling of coagulant dosage in drinking water treatment plant of Boudouaou, Algeria. Six on-line variables of raw water quality including turbidity, conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, ultraviolet absorbance, and the pH of water, and alum dosage were used to build the coagulant dosage model. Two ANFIS-based Neuro-fuzzy systems are presented. The two Neuro-fuzzy systems are: (1) grid partition-based fuzzy inference system (FIS), named ANFIS-GRID, and (2) subtractive clustering based (FIS), named ANFIS-SUB. The low root mean square error and high correlation coefficient values were obtained with ANFIS-SUB method of a first-order Sugeno type inference. This study demonstrates that ANFIS-SUB outperforms ANFIS-GRID due to its simplicity in parameter selection and its fitness in the target problem.

There are several forecasting methods available to estimate the uncertainty of the wind. Wind behavior is chaotic in nature. These forecasting methods are used to predict wind power generation capacity for the grid. With the introduction of smart grid has created enough space for integrating renewable (wind power) in to the grid. Several methods have been proposed by researchers to estimate the wind speed. In present days there is a lot of research is going on to estimate the wind speed by using mathematical, biologically inspired computing methods to minimize the prediction error. This paper presents a review of several forecasting techniques which are using presently. This paper will be helpful for the new researchers who are going to work in this area. This paper will also be helpful to the wind farm operators to know about the present wind estimation model capabilities and will give an idea to estimate the wind speed at their particular wind farms.

This paper presents a practical method to optimize in-building section of centralized Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning (HVAC) systems which consist of indoor air loops and chilled water loops. First, through component characteristic analysis, mathematical models associated with cooling loads and energy consumption for heat exchangers and energy consuming devices are established. By considering variation of cooling load of each end user, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is employed to model duct and pipe networks and obtain optimal differential pressure (DP) set points based on limited sensor information. A mix-integer nonlinear constraint optimization of system energy is formulated and solved by a modified genetic algorithm. The main feature of our paper is a systematic approach in optimizing the overall system energy consumption rather than that of individual component. A simulation study for a typical centralized HVAC system is provided to compare the proposed optimization method with traditional ones. The results show that the proposed method indeed improves the system performance significantly.

This paper presents a hybrid controller of soft control techniques, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and fuzzy logic (FL), and hard control technique, proportional-derivative (PD), for a five-finger robotic hand with 14-degrees-of-freedom (DoF). The ANFIS is used for inverse kinematics of three-link fingers and FL is used for tuning the PD parameters with 2 input layers (error and error rate) using 7 triangular membership functions and 49 fuzzy logic rules. Simulation results with the hybrid of FL-tuned PD controller exhibit superior performance compared to PD, PID and FL controllers alone.

The goal of this work is to predict the daily performance (COP) of a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system with the minimum data set based on an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) with a fuzzy weighted pre-processing (FWP) method. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposal (FWP-ANFIS), a computer simulation is developed on MATLAB environment. The comparison of the proposed hybridized system's results with the standard ANFIS results is carried out and the results are given in the tables. The efficiency of the proposed method was demonstrated by using the 3-fold cross-validation test. The statistical methods, such as the root-mean squared (RMS), the coefficient of multiple determinations (R 2 ) and the coefficient of variation (cov), are given to compare the predicted and actual values for model validation. The average R 2 values is 0.9998, the average RMS value is 0.0272 and the average cov value is 0.7733, which can be considered as very promising. The data set for the COP of GSHP system available included 38 data patterns. The simulation results show that the FWP-based ANFIS can be used in an alternative way in these systems. The prediction results of the proposed structure were much better than the standard ANFIS results. Therefore, instead of limited experimental data found in the literature, faster and simpler solutions are obtained using hybridized structures such as FWP-based ANFIS. r

In recent times, engineers have very well accepted soft computing techniques such as fuzzy sets theory, neural nets, neuro fuzzy system, adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), coactive neuro fuzzy inference system (CANFIS), evolutionary computing, probabilistic computing, Computational intelligence (CI), etc. for carrying out varying numerical simulation analysis. In last two decades, these techniques have been successfully applied in various engineering problems independently or in hybrid forms. The main objective of this paper is to introduce engineers and students about the latest trends in soft computing. Also they will help young researchers to develop themselves in futures.In recent years Computational intelligence (CI) has gained a widespread concern of many scholars emerging as a new field of study. CI actually uses the bionics ideas for reference, it origins from emulating intelligent phenomenon in nature. CI attempts to simulate and reappearance the characters of intelligence, such as learning and adaptation, so that it can be a new research domain for reconstructing the nature and engineering. The essence of CI is a universal approximator, and it has the great function of non-linear mapping and optimization.In this paper we give an overview of intelligent systems. We discuss the notion itself, together with diverse features and constituents of it. We concentrate especially on computational intelligence and soft computing.

This paper provides an in-depth review of the optimal design of type-1 and type-2 fuzzy inference systems (FIS) using five well known computational frameworks: genetic-fuzzy systems (GFS), neuro-fuzzy systems (NFS), hierarchical fuzzy systems (HFS), evolving fuzzy systems (EFS), and multiobjective fuzzy systems (MFS), which is in view that some of them are linked to each other. The heuristic design of GFS uses evolutionary algorithms for optimizing both Mamdani-type and Takagi-Sugano-Kang-type fuzzy systems; whereas, the NFS combines the FIS with neural network learning method to improve the approximation ability. HFS combines two or more low-dimensional fuzzy logic units in a hierarchical design to overcome the curse of dimensionality. EFS solves the data streaming issues by refining (evolving) the system incrementally, and MFS solves the multi-objective trade-offs like the simultaneous maximization of both interpretability and accuracy. The overall synthesis of these dimensions explores the FIS's potential challenges and opportunities ; the complex relations among the dimension; and the FIS's potential to combining one or more computational frameworks adding another dimension: deep fuzzy systems.

The machine learning method of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is proposed as a data-driven technique to model the dew point temperature (DPT). The input patterns, of T min, T max, and T mean, are utilized for the training. The results indicate thatANFIS method is capable of identifying data patterns with a high degree of accuracy. However, the approach demonstrates that processing time and computer resources may substantially increase by adding additional functions. Based on the results, the number of iterations and computing resources might change dramatically if new functionalities are included. As a result, tuning parameters have to be optimized inside the method framework. The findings demonstrate a high agreement between results by the proposed machine learning method and the observed data. Using this prediction toolkit, DPT can be adequately predicted based on the temperature distribution. The modeling approach has shown to be promising for predicting DPT at various sites. Besides, this study thoroughly compares the Bilayered Neural Network (BNN) and ANFIS models on various scales where the ANFIS model remains stable for almost all the numbers of the membership functions.

The integration of wind farms in power networks has become an important problem. This is because the electricity produced cannot be preserved because of the high cost of storage and electricity production must follow market demand. Short-long-range wind forecasting over different lengths/periods of time is becoming an important process for the management of wind farms. Time series modelling of wind speeds is based upon the valid assumption that all the causative factors are implicitly accounted for in the sequence of occurrence of the process itself. Hence time series modelling is equivalent to physical modelling. Auto Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) models, which perform a linear mapping between inputs and outputs, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS), which perform a non-linear mapping, provide a robust approach to wind power prediction. In this work, these models are developed in order to forecast power production of a wind farm with three wind turbines, using real load data and comparing different time prediction periods. This comparative analysis takes in the first time, various forecasting methods, time horizons and a deep performance analysis focused upon the normalised mean error and the statistical distribution hereof in order to evaluate error distribution within a narrower curve and therefore forecasting methods whereby it is more improbable to make errors in prediction.

Surface roughness prediction for the end-milling process, which is one of the major cutting processes, is a very important economical consideration in order to increase machine operation and decrease production cost in an automated manufacturing environment.
In this study; prediction of surface roughness (Ra) for Brass (60/40) material based on cutting parameters: cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut; was studied. 
Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was used to predict the surface roughness in the end milling process. Surface roughness was used as dependant variable while cutting speed of range (750 - 1750rpm), feed rate of range (50 - 250mm/min) and depth of cut of range (0.3 - 0.7mm) were used as predictor variables. Normal and feed forces were used as predictor variables to verify the ANFIS model. Different membership functions were adopted during the training process of ANFIS.
Surface roughness was measured in an off line manner using stylus based profile-meter (surtronic 3+). The normal and feed forces were measured in an on-line manner using two components dynamometer.
The effects of cutting parameters on the normal force, feed force and surface roughness were discussed.  Experimental test data were used to examine the ANFIS model by defining the reliability and percentage error of the model. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. While the predicted surface roughness was compared with measured data; the mean square error has been found equal to 8.5 % hence the achieved accuracy is equal to 91.5 %.
Although this work focuses on prediction of surface roughness for end-milling operation, the concepts introduced are general; ie., prediction of surface roughness using ANFIS can be applied to many other cutting and machining processes.

Predicting the amount of sediment in water resource projects is one of the most important measures to be taken, while sediments have an unknown nature in their behavior. In this research, using the data recorded at the Mazrae station between 2002 and 2013, the amount of sediment in the catchment area of Maku Dam has been predicted using different models of intelligent algorithms. Recorded data including river flow (m3/s), sediment concentration (mg/L), and temperature (°C) were considered input data, and sediment load (ton/day) was considered output data. Initially, using the correlation test, the relationship between each input data with output data was considered. The results show high correlation of sediment concentration data and river flow with sediment load and low correlation of temperature data with these data. In order to find the best combination of data for prediction, the combination of single, binary, and triple data was considered in sensitivity analysis. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, first with the classical adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), the amount of sediment load was predicted, and then using evolutionary algorithms in ANFIS training, their performance was examined. The intelligent algorithms used in this study were ant colony optimization extended to continuous domain, particle swarm optimization, differential evolution, and genetic algorithm. The results showed that adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system–ant colony optimization extended to continuous domain, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system–particle swarm optimization, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system–genetic algorithm, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system–differential evolution, and classical ANFIS had the best performance in predicting the amount of sediment load. In the meantime, it was observed that the coefficient of determination, root mean square error, and scatter index in the test mode for the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system–ant colony optimization extended to continuous domain algorithm with the best prediction dataset (sediment concentration + river flow) are equal to 0.991, 13.001, and (ton/day), 0.112, and those for the ANFIS with the weakest prediction (temperature + river flow) are equal to 0.490, 107.383 (ton/day), and 0.929, respectively. The present study showed that the use of intelligent algorithms in ANFIS training has been able to improve its performance in predicting the amount of sediment load in the catchment area of Maku Dam.

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and artificial neural network (ANN) models have been extensively used to predict different soil properties in geotechnical applications. In this study, it was aimed to develop ANFIS and ANN models to predict the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of compacted soils. For this purpose, 84 soil samples with different grain-size distribution compacted at optimum water content were subjected to the unconfined compressive tests to determine their UCS values. Many of the test results (for 64 samples) were used to train the ANFIS and the ANN models, and the rest of the experimental results (for 20 samples) were used to predict the UCS of compacted samples. To train these models, the clay content, fine silt content, coarse silt content, fine sand content, middle sand content, coarse sand content, and gravel content of the total soil mass were used as input data for these models. The UCS values of compacted soils were output data in these models. The ANFIS model results were compared with those of the ANN model and it was seen that the ANFIS model results were very encouraging. Consequently, the results of this study have important findings indicating reliable and simple prediction tools for the UCS of compacted soils.

Soil moisture (SM) is of paramount importance in irrigation scheduling, infiltration, runoff, and agricultural drought monitoring. This work aimed at evaluating the performance of the classical ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) model as well as ANFIS coupled with three bio-inspired metaheuristic optimization methods including whale optimization algorithm (ANFIS-WOA), krill herd algorithm (ANFIS-KHA) and firefly algorithm (ANFIS-FA) in estimating SM. Daily air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and sunshine hours data at Istanbul Bolge station in Turkey and soil temperature values measured over 2008-2009 were fed into the models under six different scenarios. ANFIS-WOA (RMSE = 1.68, MAPE = 0.04) and ANFIS (RMSE = 2.55, MAPE = 0.07) exhibited the best and worst performance in SM estimation, respectively. All three hybrid models (ANFIS-WOA, ANFIS-KHA and ANFIS-FA) improved SM estimates, reducing RMSE by 34, 28 and 27% relative to the base ANFIS model, respectively. A more detailed analysis of model performances in estimating moisture content over three intervals including [15-25), [25-35) and ≥ 35% revealed that ANFIS-WOA has had the lowest errors with RMSEs of 1.69, 1.89 and 1.55 in the three SM intervals, respectively. From the perspective of under-or over-estimation of moisture values, ANFIS-WOA (RMSE = 1.44, MAPE = 0.03) in underestimation set and ANFIS-KHA (RMSE = 1.94, MAPE = 0.05) in over-estimation set showed the highest accuracies. Overall, all three hybrid models performed better in the underestimation set compared to overestimation set.

A B S T R A C T Daily solar radiation is an important variable in many models. In this paper, the accuracy and performance of three soft computing techniques (i.e., adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) were assessed for predicting daily horizontal global solar radiation from measured meteorological variables in the Yucatán Peninsula, México. Model performance was assessed with statistical indicators such as root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and coefficient of determination (R 2). The performance assessment indicates that the SVM technique with requirements of daily maximum and minimum air temperature, extraterrestrial solar radiation and rainfall has better performance than the other techniques and may be a promising alternative to the usual approaches for predicting solar radiation.

The power system blackout history of last two decades is presented.Conventional load shedding techniques, their types and limitations are presented.Applications of intelligent techniques in load shedding are presented.Intelligent techniques include ANN, fuzzy logic, ANFIS, genetic algorithm and PSO.The discussion and comparison between these techniques are provided.Recent blackouts around the world question the reliability of conventional and adaptive load shedding techniques in avoiding such power outages. To address this issue, reliable techniques are required to provide fast and accurate load shedding to prevent collapse in the power system. Computational intelligence techniques, due to their robustness and flexibility in dealing with complex non-linear systems, could be an option in addressing this problem. Computational intelligence includes techniques like artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic control, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, and particle swarm optimization. Research in these techniques is being undertaken in order to discover means for more efficient and reliable load shedding. This paper provides an overview of these techniques as applied to load shedding in a power system. This paper also compares the advantages of computational intelligence techniques over conventional load shedding techniques. Finally, this paper discusses the limitation of computational intelligence techniques, which restricts their usage in load shedding in real time.

This paper discusses the performance of a fuzzy logic–based rapid visual screening procedure that results in the categorization of buildings into five different types of possible damage with respect to the potential occurrence of a major seismic event. In order to provide results representing expected damage, adaptive neural networks were used to train the method according to information obtained from the vulnerability of 102 buildings stricken by the Athens earthquake of 1999. The precision of the method was thereby enhanced, implying an improvement in efficiency and presenting remarkable advantages when compared to probabilistic approaches to rapid visual screening. Due to the small size of the database used for the training procedure, however, the prospects of the method remain to be discussed. Nonetheless, by using information from larger databases, the method has the potential for self-improvement, a fact that underlines a good prospect for the formation of reliable and robust pre-earthquake assessment methods.

In many decision support applications it is important to guarantee the expressive power, easy formalization and interpretability of Mamdani-type fuzzy inference systems (FIS), while ensuring the computational efficiency and accuracy of Sugeno-type FIS. Hence, in this paper we present an approach to transform a Mamdani-type FIS into a Sugeno-type FIS. We consider the problem of mapping Mamdani FIS to Sugeno FIS as an optimization problem and by determining the first order Sugeno parameters, the transformation is achieved. To solve this optimization problem we compare three methods: Least Squares, Genetic Algorithms and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. An illustrative example is presented to discuss the approaches.

The aim of this paper is to design a three-phase distance relay using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system algorithm (ANFIS). The proposed relay is used to protect the power transmission lines where they are subjected to faults continuously. These faults may produce a high electric current which leads to high damage in power system equipment. The relay is used to detect the transmission line faults by measuring the voltage and current values for each phase. The line impedance is then calculated to detect the faults and issue instantaneous trip signal to circuit breaker, to separate the fault zone of the transmission line without affecting the work of other relays. To isolate the faulty line without affecting the other lines within the network the relays were trained using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The obtained results through this work show that the designated distance relay with (ANFIS) algorithm has the ability to detect the faults occurrence, recognize it from the cases of the disturbance and to isolate only the fault zone without affecting the work of other relays in system.

Accurate and fast islanding detection of distributed generation is highly important for its successful operation
in distribution networks. Up to now, various islanding detection technique based on communication,
passive, active and hybrid methods have been proposed. However, each technique suffers from
certain demerits that cause inaccuracies in islanding detection. Computational intelligence based techniques,
due to their robustness and flexibility in dealing with complex nonlinear systems, is an option
that might solve this problem. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of computational
intelligence based techniques applied for islanding detection of distributed generation. Moreover, the
paper compares the accuracies of computational intelligence based techniques over existing techniques
to provide a handful of information for industries and utility researchers to determine the best method
for their respective system.

In this paper, an ANFIS (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system) based autonomous flight controller for UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) is described. To control the position of the UAV in three dimensional space as altitude and longitude-latitude location, three fuzzy logic modules are developed. These adjust the pitch angle, the roll angle and the throttle position of the UAV so that its altitude, the heading and the speed are controlled together. The implementation framework utilizes MATLAB's standard configuration and the Aerosim Aeronautical Simulation Block Set which provides a complete set of tools for rapid development of detailed six degree-of-freedom nonlinear generic manned/unmanned aerial vehicle models. To demonstrate the performance and potential of the controllers, the Aerosonde UAV model is used. Flight Gear open source flight simulator and Gauges Block Set are deployed in order to get visual outputs that aid the designer in the evaluation of the controllers. Steep turn maneuvers which are used for basic training of pilots are applied to test the performance of the fuzzy logic controllers. Despite the simple design procedure, the simulated test flights indicate the capability of the approach in achieving the desired performance.

Wire-cut electric discharge machining is a nontraditional technique by which the required profile is acquired using sparks energy. Concerning Wire-cut electric discharge machining, high cutting rates and precision machining is necessary to improve productivity and achieve high quality of machined workpieces. In this research work, an experimental investigation was introduced to achieve higher productivity of the wire electrode associated with sustainable production in terms of product quality and less heat-affected zone. For this purpose, the effects of machining parameters including peak current, pulse on time and wire preloading were investigated using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system along with the Taguchi method. From this study, the optimal setting of machining parameters to achieve higher productivity and sustainability was identified. Moreover, Neuro-fuzzy modelling was successfully used to build an empirical model for the selection of machining parameters to achieve higher productivity at highest possible surface quality and minimum cost for sustainable production.

A wire electrical discharge machined (WEDM) surface is characterized by its roughness and metallographic properties. Surface roughness and white layer thickness (WLT) are the main indicators of quality of a component for WEDM. In this paper an adaptive neuro-fuzzy ...

Accurate prediction of the water level in a reservoir is crucial to optimizing the management of water resources. A neuro-fuzzy hybrid approach was used to construct a water level forecasting system during flood periods. In particular, we used the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to build a prediction model for reservoir management. To illustrate the applicability and capability of the ANFIS, the Shihmen reservoir, Taiwan, was used as a case study. A large number (132) of typhoon and heavy rainfall events with 8640 hourly data sets collected in past 31 years were used. To investigate whether this neuro-fuzzy model can be cleverer (accurate) if human knowledge, i.e. current reservoir operation outflow, is provided, we developed two ANFIS models: one with human decision as input, another without. The results demonstrate that the ANFIS can be applied successfully and provide high accuracy and reliability for reservoir water level forecasting in the next three hours. Furthermore, the model with human decision as input variable has consistently superior performance with regard to all used indexes than the model without this input.

Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) fusing capabilities of Artificial Neural Networks and Fuzzy Inference Systems offer a lot of space for solving different kinds of problems, especially efficient in domain of signal prediction. However, ANFIS technique is sometimes notated as computing expensive. This paper after reconsidering conventional ANFIS architecture brings up a modified ANFIS (MANFIS) structure developed with attention of making ANFIS technique more efficient regarding to Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and/or computing time. The standard benchmark -prediction of Mackey-Glass time series was used to approve better performance of proposed MANFIS structure.

High cost of renewable energy systems has led to its slow adoption in many countries. Hence, it is vital to select an appropriate size of the system in order to reduce the cost and excess energy produced as well as to maximize the available resources. The sizing of hybrid system must satisfy the LPSP (Loss of Power Supply Probability) which determines the ability of the system to meet the load requirements. Once the lowest configurations are determined, the cost of the system must then be taken into consideration to determine the system with the lowest cost. The optimization methodology proposed in this paper uses the ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) to model the PV and wind sources. The algorithm developed is compared to HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables) and HOGA (Hybrid Optimization by Genetic Algorithms) software and the results demonstrate an accuracy of 96% for PV and wind. The optimized system is simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC and the results show that low excess energy is achieved. The optimized system is also able to supply power to the load without any renewable sources for a longer period, while conforming to the desired LPSP.

One of the most important functions of the purchasing management in every organization is to settle on suitable providers. This decision is a sophisticated one since it requires exercising great care in paying simultaneous attention to conflicting and heterogeneous criteria. Therefore an appropriate method should be devised for supplier selection and identifying evaluation criteria. This study tries to investigate and present such a method. This study is carried out in two distinct phases. In the first phase, using previous literature, the evaluative criteria for supplier selection are identified and using the fuzzy Delphi method, the most important criteria for food industries are determined. In the second phase, using ANFIS method, the best suppliers are chosen among 60 selected suppliers. Ultimately, the data are analyzed by ANN method and the results obtained from both methods are compared. The results indicate that the ANFIS method provides a better performance compared to the ANN method regarding the supplier selection process in such a way that it reaches higher scores in almost all of the criteria. This study uses the proper method of fuzzy Delphi for determining the supplier evaluation criteria as well as the most recent and exact ANFIS method for supplier selection.

Nowadays because of the complicated nature of making decision in stock market and making real-time strategy for buying and selling stock via portfolio selection and maintenance, many research papers has involved stock price prediction issue. Low accuracy resulted by models may increase trade cost such as commission cost in more sequenced buy and sell signals because of insignificant alarms and otherwise bad diagnosis in price trend do not satisfy trader's expectation and may involved him/her in irrecoverable cost. Therefore, in this paper, Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System adopted on a Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) type Fuzzy Rule Based System is developed for stock price prediction. The TSK fuzzy model applies the technical index as the input variables and the consequent part is a linear combination of the input variables. Fuzzy C-Mean clustering implemented for identifying number of rules. Initial membership function of the premise part approximately defined as Gaussian function. TSK parameters tuned by Adaptive Nero-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Proposed model is tested on the Tehran Stock Exchange Indexes (TEPIX). This index with high accuracy near by 97.8% has successfully forecasted with several experimental tests from different sectors.

Light-weight Self-Compacting Concrete (LWSCC) might be the answer to the increasing construction
requirements of slenderer and more heavily reinforced structural elements. However, there are limited studies
to prove its ability in real construction projects. In conjunction with the traditional methods, artificial intelligent
based modeling methods have been applied to simulate the non-linear and complex behavior of concrete in the
recent years. Twenty-one laboratory experimental investigations on the mechanical properties of LWSCC;
published in recent 12 years have been analyzed in this study. The collected information is used to investigate
the relationship between compressive strength, elasticity modulus and splitting tensile strength in LWSCC.
Analytically proposed model in ANFIS is verified by multi-factor linear regression analysis. Comparing
the estimated results, ANFIS analysis gives more compatible results and is preferred to estimate the properties
of LWSCC.

This paper introduces a systematic approach for the design of a fuzzy inference system based on a class of neural networks to assess the students' academic performance. Fuzzy systems have reached a recognized success in several applications to solve diverse class of problems. Currently, there is an increasing trend to expand them with learning and adaptation capabilities through combinations with other techniques. Fuzzy systems-neural networks and fuzzy systems-genetic algorithms are the most successful applications of soft computing techniques with hybrid characteristics and learning capabilities. The developed method uses a fuzzy system augmented by neural networks to enhance some of its characteristics like flexibility, speed, and adaptability, which is called the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). New trends in soft computing techniques, their applications, model development of fuzzy systems, integration, hybridization and adaptation are also introduced. The parameters set to facilitate the hybrid learning rules for the constitution of the Sugeno-type ANFIS architecture is then elaborated. The method can produce crisp numerical outcomes to predict the student's academic performance (SAP). It also provides an alternative solution to deal with imprecise data. The results of the ANFIS model are as robust as those of the statistical methods, yet they encourage a more natural way to interpret the student's outcomes.

This paper proposes a design of hierarchical fuzzy inference tree (HFIT). An HFIT produces an optimum tree-like structure, i.e., a natural hierarchical structure that accommodates simplicity by combining several low-dimensional fuzzy inference systems (FISs). Such a natural hierarchical structure provides a high degree of approximation accuracy. The construction of HFIT takes place in two phases. Firstly, a nondominated sorting based multiobjective genetic programming (MOGP) is applied to obtain a simple tree structure (a low complexity model) with a high accuracy. Secondly, the differential evolution algorithm is applied to optimize the obtained tree's parameters. In the derived tree, each node acquires a different input's combination, where the evolutionary process governs the input's combination. Hence, HFIT nodes are heterogeneous in nature, which leads to a high diversity among the rules generated by the HFIT. Additionally, the HFIT provides an automatic feature selection because it uses MOGP for the tree's structural optimization that accepts inputs only relevant to the knowledge contained in data. The HFIT was studied in the context of both type-1 and type-2 FISs, and its performance was evaluated through six application problems. Moreover, the proposed multiobjective HFIT was compared both theoretically and empirically with recently proposed FISs methods from the literature, such as McIT2FIS, TSCIT2FNN, SIT2FNN, RIT2FNS-WB, eT2FIS, MRIT2NFS, IT2FNN-SVR, etc. From the obtained results, it was found that the HFIT provided less complex and highly accurate models compared to the models produced by the most of other methods. Hence, the proposed HFIT is an efficient and competitive alternative to the other FISs for function approximation and feature selection.

The prediction of natural gas consumption is crucial for Turkey which follows foreign-dependent policy in point of providing natural gas and whose stock capacity is only 5% of internal total consumption. Prediction accuracy of demand is one of the elements which has an ...