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Figure 2. Installation of ANFIS Figure 2, show the system of ANFIS where the fuzzy inference engine composite of five layers. The description of each layer is given below: The first layer designates the type of the inputs membership functions (MF), that is; Node (k) entails a node operability comprising an adaptive node. The training progress of the said node alters the constituent of the node, that is transformed in obtaining a reduction of probable mistakes in the outcome, thus:

Figure 2 Installation of ANFIS Figure 2, show the system of ANFIS where the fuzzy inference engine composite of five layers. The description of each layer is given below: The first layer designates the type of the inputs membership functions (MF), that is; Node (k) entails a node operability comprising an adaptive node. The training progress of the said node alters the constituent of the node, that is transformed in obtaining a reduction of probable mistakes in the outcome, thus:

Related Figures (12)

Figure 1. The distance drawing for protections zones for distance relays
Figure 1. The distance drawing for protections zones for distance relays
Figure 3. Depicts the Power System through the utilization of (Matlab/Simulink) The IEEE 9-bus system is used to represent the proposed system using MATLAB /Simulink program. Figure 3 illustrates the system which comprises nine buses, three synchronous machines, si) transmission lines, three transformers, three constant impedance loads and distance relays protecting fo each transmission line [24].
Figure 3. Depicts the Power System through the utilization of (Matlab/Simulink) The IEEE 9-bus system is used to represent the proposed system using MATLAB /Simulink program. Figure 3 illustrates the system which comprises nine buses, three synchronous machines, si) transmission lines, three transformers, three constant impedance loads and distance relays protecting fo each transmission line [24].
Figure 4. Depicts the training ANFIS for the distance relay The ANFIS approach has been used to detect the fault location and the isolated bus xposed to the fault and to adapt other relays to not give a trip signal while the fault occurs out o perating relay zone. The ANFIS approach learning are briefly presented by the steps as the follow: tep 1: Make proper exercise data through critical contrast in the fault resistance just as loading and mes are applied. This progression replicates ordinary examples for each kind of fault. tep 2: Selection of a suitable ANFIS structure. In this step the development of different types of A} 10dules to process different types of faults is achieved. For example, single-phase to ground f omprise 4 data sources; and three-phase faults have 6 inputs. Data sources are the sizes of the n egments (60 Hz) of three-phase voltages and currents are estimated at the relay station. tep 3: In this step through deal with analysis of the ANFIS structure is trained network adaptatio 1e basis of data off-line. Also, can choose the optimization method of FIS model parameters anc umber of training epochs which leads to less errors value [25].
Figure 4. Depicts the training ANFIS for the distance relay The ANFIS approach has been used to detect the fault location and the isolated bus xposed to the fault and to adapt other relays to not give a trip signal while the fault occurs out o perating relay zone. The ANFIS approach learning are briefly presented by the steps as the follow: tep 1: Make proper exercise data through critical contrast in the fault resistance just as loading and mes are applied. This progression replicates ordinary examples for each kind of fault. tep 2: Selection of a suitable ANFIS structure. In this step the development of different types of A} 10dules to process different types of faults is achieved. For example, single-phase to ground f omprise 4 data sources; and three-phase faults have 6 inputs. Data sources are the sizes of the n egments (60 Hz) of three-phase voltages and currents are estimated at the relay station. tep 3: In this step through deal with analysis of the ANFIS structure is trained network adaptatio 1e basis of data off-line. Also, can choose the optimization method of FIS model parameters anc umber of training epochs which leads to less errors value [25].
Figure 5. Depicts the MFS for anfis of distance relay for two input (R and X)
Figure 5. Depicts the MFS for anfis of distance relay for two input (R and X)
Figure 6. The flowchart in the relay algorithm Figure 6 fulfils the flowchart in the relay algorithm that can be found in three stages through the utilization of adaptable ANFIS and the identification of fault cases, and in ascertaining the value through other transitory cases. In addition, it ascertains the entire signal current and voltage (at a base of 60 Hz) to process the rate of impedance and difference it and the setting. Figure 6 ANFIS based distance relay impedance. Moreover, ensuing that, will examine whether the blame is internal or external to the zone of protection. The six entries of the relay that the yield and voltages of the three stages illustrated possess a singular trip signal transmitted to the electrical switch.
Figure 6. The flowchart in the relay algorithm Figure 6 fulfils the flowchart in the relay algorithm that can be found in three stages through the utilization of adaptable ANFIS and the identification of fault cases, and in ascertaining the value through other transitory cases. In addition, it ascertains the entire signal current and voltage (at a base of 60 Hz) to process the rate of impedance and difference it and the setting. Figure 6 ANFIS based distance relay impedance. Moreover, ensuing that, will examine whether the blame is internal or external to the zone of protection. The six entries of the relay that the yield and voltages of the three stages illustrated possess a singular trip signal transmitted to the electrical switch.
Table 4. Shows the system current values before and after the faults occur To guarantee the relay capacity to identify faults in the transmission line and determining the protection zone where the fault occurred, testing of the designed relay is achieved. Various fault cases on the transmission line across various locations are considered. The Table 3 presents the present values of the system when the fault occurred and after the occurrence on 50% of the transmission line at busbar 9-8, the type of fault is single-line (A) to ground. Table 4 shows the system current values before and after the fault occur at the 70% of the transmission line at bus bar 4-5 and the type of the fault is three line (ABC) to ground.
Table 4. Shows the system current values before and after the faults occur To guarantee the relay capacity to identify faults in the transmission line and determining the protection zone where the fault occurred, testing of the designed relay is achieved. Various fault cases on the transmission line across various locations are considered. The Table 3 presents the present values of the system when the fault occurred and after the occurrence on 50% of the transmission line at busbar 9-8, the type of fault is single-line (A) to ground. Table 4 shows the system current values before and after the fault occur at the 70% of the transmission line at bus bar 4-5 and the type of the fault is three line (ABC) to ground.
It can also be observed that when the system is in its normal state, any fault occurs will affect the work of all the relays in the system. By applying the ANFIS approach the fault part only isolates without affecting the rest of the relays as shown in Table 5 and Table 6.
It can also be observed that when the system is in its normal state, any fault occurs will affect the work of all the relays in the system. By applying the ANFIS approach the fault part only isolates without affecting the rest of the relays as shown in Table 5 and Table 6.
Figure 8. Voltage and current response for the Transmission line 4-5 with three phase fault to ground Figure 7. Voltage and current response for the Transmission line 9-8 with single line to ground fault
Figure 8. Voltage and current response for the Transmission line 4-5 with three phase fault to ground Figure 7. Voltage and current response for the Transmission line 9-8 with single line to ground fault
Related topics:
Power System Protection Engineeringadaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)Distance RelayIEEE-9 Bus Test System
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