Landscape Ecological Planning

Multimodal transportation faces important challenges related to sustainability, efficiency, and equity, especially in rapidly growing urban economies such as China. To address these, this study introduces a friendly, context-aware optimization model. It combines the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for accurate predictions with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) that helps select the best routes and modes of transport. The model can estimate transportation costs and Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions using real-time data such as distance, cargo weight, traffic, weather, and vehicle capacity. Meanwhile, GA works to find optimal routes while considering factors such as cost, traffic, emissions, fairness, and resilience, making the entire process more effective and sustainable. The model was validated using 2022-2023 data from China's Ministry of Transport, showing impressive predictive accuracy (R² > 0.89) and surpassing traditional static models. The results are encouraging, a reduction in CO₂ emissions is witnessed 17% below, with truck usage decreasing from 25% to below 10%, and a remarkable 150% increase in rail transport. A combination of railways and waterways proved to be the most sustainable and efficient transport option, highlighting the potential for greener and more effective freight movement. This study shows exciting possibilities for practical use in emission pricing, intermodal planning, and resilience strategies, opening doors for more effective and responsive policies.

Nowadays, in the context of climate change, efficient energy management and increasing the share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix are helping to reduce greenhouse gases. In this research, we present the energy system and its management and the possibilities of its development through the example of an ecovillage. The basic goal of such a community is to be economically, socially, and ecologically sustainable, so the study of energy system of an ecovillage is especially justified. As the goal of this community is sustainability, potential technological and efficiency barriers to the use of renewable energy sources will also become visible. Our sample area is Visnyeszéplak ecovillage, where we examined the energy production and consumption habits and possibilities of the community with the help of interviews, literature, and map databases. By examining the spatial structure of the settlement, we examined the spatial structure of energy management. We formulated developmen...

This is a discussion about urban ecology from cultural landscapes (palaeoecology), and present day built environment and urban layout (anthropocene). Despite efforts to rectify urban environmental issues, urban centres remain heavily polluted compared to their native ecological status. There are quite a number of issues that have been left out in understanding urban ecologies, in preference of the environment sciences, a restricted field, intended to alleviate contamination in densely populated cityscapes with all manners of toxic substances and pollutants. From household dust, motorised pollutants, toxic fumes, cooking facilities waste, street and drainage system toxins etc. What types of biota, besides human beings, and how they survive into such environments, is assumed to be a base criteria for understanding urban ecology. The consequence of reduced species variety, natures remediation and regeneration efforts, plants, birds, insects and animal population health, that might arise on urban land, soils, air and waters is vitally important for urban ecological practices and comprehension.

Objetivo – discutir a importância de flexibilizar a exigência para desocupação das áreas de proteção ambiental dos cursos d´água.

Metodologia – investigação propositiva baseada em análise documental e coleta de dados de visitas a campo.

Originalidade – apresenta uma alternativa ganha-ganha para recuperar o escoamento superficial das águas de chuvas em áreas altamente urbanizadas que dispense remoção de moradores ou demolição total das áreas de lazer dos edifícios.

Resultados – menor burocracia e maior agilidade para efetivar a desobstrução do curso superficial dos córregos.

Contribuições teóricas – priorizar a visão sistêmica regenerativa em confronto com a legislação ambiental na recuperação das funções ambientais dos fundos de vale intensamente urbanizados; utilizar a lei de desjudicialização como ferramenta para solução de conflitos ambientais: de titularidade e de dimensões a serem desocupadas sobre os córregos canalizados subterrâneos.

Contribuições sociais e ambientais – elimina o risco a vidas, recupera parte da capacidade original de drenagem do córrego e possibilita implantação futura de Soluções baseadas na Natureza para reconectar o córrego à cidade e fomentar serviços ecossistêmicos.

In the last century, population growth and natural
resource losses, ignoring the protection-use balance
and the degradation of sensitive ecosystems have once
again revealed the importance of planning strategies.
Basins are sensitive surface units significantly affected
by such changes. Although water basins are divided
into geographic boundaries, such as the sub-basins and
surface units, they function as systems where physical,
ecological, and biological interactions between macro
and micro scales remain uninterrupted. One of these
basins, namely ‘Konya Closed Basin,’ has a sensitive
terrestrial and aquatic environments that have
experienced significant ecological degradation,
threatening its ecosystem sustainability. The primary
issue addressed in this paper is the ecological
degradation basin, which has been driven by both
anthropogenic and natural factors. Current planning
models in the basin have led to the basin to become a
focus of urban expansion. Consequently, inappropriate
land-use decisions that do not align with the basin's
geographical characteristics have disrupted its natural
balance that makes it necessary to search for a new
planning model that can be implemented in the basin.
For this reason, it is emphasized and applied in the
research that the ‘Ecological-Based Basin Planning’
approach, which is the recommendation model with
the intervention scales, principles, analysis-synthesis
processes, ecological intervention techniques are
necessary to ensure the sustainability of the basin in
the physical planning. As a tool for implementing this
planning model, ‘Ecological-Based Master Plan,’ aims
to address the ecological degradation in the study area
while promoting a long-term perspective that
prioritizes a ‘conservation’ approach in planning.

This article claims Beatrix Potter, author of the children's classic The Tale of Peter Rabbit (1902), is a woman writer of and for rural modernity whose complex relations to rural and urban places, national and regional identities, fine and commercial arts, raise important questions about the gendering of green places, landscapes, and geographies in constructions of canonical modernism and children's literature. Analysing research by biographers, rural historians, geographers, art historians, and critics of modernist and children's literature, it argues that Potter's acute measurement of the commercial possibilities that lay in the divide between rural real and rural ideal made her one of the most successful women writers of her generation and contributed to the early achievement of classic status of her twenty-three animal Tales (1902-1918). Enlisting close readings of Potter's words and images in her Tales for an interdisciplinary feminist literary-geographical project, the article situates Beatrix Potter at the centre of studies of rural modernity and rural modernity at the centre of early twentieth-century women's writing.

Aims and measures in landscape planning often align with aims for positive health outcomes, even if these are not explicitly mentioned in the planning documents. This chapter examines whether, and if so how, health issues are already being tackled in formal and informal landscape planning instruments in Germany and the UK at present and how this could be enhanced in the future. Thus, the focus is on planning issues, practice and methods. In addition, health-promoting features of green spaces, regarding both single green spaces and entire green space systems, are considered, as well as a method for planning greenway systems for daily physical mobility. Addressing health issues in landscape planning is a necessary part of sustainable planning in order to be able to cope with future developments, such as increasing climate change impacts and accelerating societal changes. For this reason, interdisciplinary corporation between landscape planning and the health sector should be strengthened. Highlights Integrating health issues into landscape planning holds manifold benefits for both sides. • Potentials to include health issues in landscape planning are not yet fully used. • Considering human health in landscape planning can be done in different ways and with different intensities.

CULTURAL HERITAGE IN RURAL AREAS (ACTIVE LANDSCAPES: IMAGES OF THE RURAL ENVIRONMENT IN SOUTHERN EUROPE)
Rural cultural heritage is an invention formulated from within urban culture. For a long time, the challenges associated with heritage located in rural areas have been addressed from an urban perspective, which established a sharp division between the urban system and the rural environment. The former was associated with evolution and progress, while the latter was seen as a remnant of traditions that were increasingly marginalized. However, in the Western world, the cultural differences between urban and rural societies have diminished or, in many cases, have even been erased: today, it is understood that there is, rather, a continuum between these two spheres. This has led to a gradual fading of that condescending view toward the rural world. On the contrary, nowadays we are witnessing a profound reformulation of the relationships between urban and rural domains, largely as a result of a desire for recognition and identification with the latent or present values of place—that is, a rediscovery or a renewed willingness to reconnect with place. Thus, in the rural world, new forms of social organization emerge that project these new values onto rural spaces and their heritage—values that stem from the search for more harmonious relationships between individuals and themselves, and with nature, marked by the emergence of a renewed “neo-ruralism.” Conversely, on the other side of this situation, we observe how the city expands into rural territory through sprawling cities, metropolitan areas, metacities, or even “metapolises” that surpass the metropolitan scale and, while absorbing and transforming the rural environment, require heritage to articulate symbolic and identity references within this magmatic and diffuse urbanized territory. In this text, we propose an open reflection on these contrasting perspectives that unfold over the rural universe and outline some of the crossroads in which we believe rural cultural heritage currently finds itself. We conclude this discussion by affirming the importance of territorial processes and dynamics for the present and future of cultural heritage situated in rural areas.


EL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL EN EL MEDIO RURAL. (PAISAJES ACTIVOS: IMÁGENES DEL MEDIO RURAL DE LA EUROPA MERIDIONAL)
El patrimonio cultural rural es una invención formulada desde la cultura urbana. Durante mucho tiempo, los problemas del patrimonio ubicado en el medio rural se han afrontado desde una mirada urbana que establecía una división tajante entre el sistema urbano y el medio rural. El primero se asociaba a la evolución y el progreso, mientras que el segundo se veía como un residuo de tradiciones que resultaban cada vez más arrinconadas. Pero en el mundo occidental se han atenuado o incluso en muchos casos se han llegado a borrar las diferencias culturales entre la sociedad urbana y la sociedad rural: hoy se entiende que hay más bien un continuum entre ambos universos. Esto ha llevado a un progresivo desvanecimiento de esa mirada condescendiente hacia el mundo rural. Por el contrario, en nuestros días observamos cómo se asiste a una profunda reformulación de las relaciones entre los ámbitos urbano y rural producto en gran medida de un deseo de reconocimiento e identificación de los valores latentes o presentes en el lugar, esto es, de un redescubrimiento o una voluntad de reencuentro con el lugar. Así, en el mundo rural aparecen nuevas formas de organización social que proyectan estos nuevos valores sobre estos espacios rurales y su patrimonio, valores que resultan de la búsqueda de unas relaciones más armónicas del individuo consigo mismo y con la naturaleza, con la emergencia de un renovado “neorruralismo”. Y, por otra parte, en el reverso de esta situación, vemos cómo la ciudad se expande en el territorio rural a través de ciudades expansivas, áreas metropolitanas, metaciudades, o incluso “metápolis” que llegan a sobrepasar la escala metropolitana y que, a la vez que absorben y transforman el medio rural, necesitan del patrimonio para articular referentes simbólicos e identitarios en ese territorio urbanizado de modo magmático y difuso. En este texto planteamos una reflexión abierta sobre esas miradas contrastadas que se despliegan sobre el universo rural y esbozamos algunas encrucijadas entre las que se pensamos se encuentra el patrimonio cultural situado en el medio rural, para finalizar este discurso con una constatación acerca de la importancia que asumen los procesos territoriales y las dinámicas para el presente y el futuro del patrimonio cultural situado en el medio rural.

Poets are the individuals who transform insignificance into significance. As a result, numerous hidden societal issues are depicted, while raising awareness of people. A case in point is the representation of queer and its intersections in poetry. Hence, this study aims to examine these queer and the respective intersections in the poems The Sweet Complaint by Federico García Lorca and The Mortician in San Francisco by Randall Mann. In order to gather data, a textual analysis was conducted, while paying attention to Judith Butler's gender performativity and Michael Foucault's repressive hypothesis and scientia sexualis. The preliminary results of the study show that heteronormativity, homoeroticism, homophobia, and queer gaze as the respective intersections of queer. In addition, it is evident that The Sweet Complaint as a poetic representation of heteronormativity since it can be analyzed, while employing Judith Butler's gender performativity and Michael Foucault's repressive hypothesis and scientia sexualis. Secondly, the poem The Mortician in San Francisco can be identified as a depiction of homophobia in the United States of America. Hence, it can be analyzed, while focusing on Michael Foucault's repressive hypothesis and scientia sexualis. Thus, this study highlights the role of the selected poems in representing the way poets deal with queer and its intersections.

Rising popularity of ecotourism has significantly affected and posed threats to bird populations and their habitats, especially for water and wading bird species. Addressing these concerns is crucial for conservation and management. One notable species affected is the Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus), which attracts tourists for observation and photography. A study was conducted during the winter seasons of 2020 and 2021 in the Miankaleh Wildlife Refuge and Biosphere Reserve in northern Iran, where Greater Flamingo populations spend the winter. The study examined groups with tourist presence (sample) and without tourist presence (control). In another group (experiment), simulated tourist sounds were played. The study modeled and analyzed the effects of recreational activity variables as the primary variable, while environmental and habitat variables (climatic, physicochemical, and biological variables of water and sediment) served as covariates on flock size, vigilance, and avoidance behaviors of Greater Flamingos. The results indicated that increased tourist numbers correlated with more frequent vigilance and avoidance behaviors. As tourists approached the flock, these behaviors also increased. An increase in noise intensity resulted in a decrease in flamingo flock size. However, the effect of recreational activities on Greater Flamingo flock size and behaviors covaried with other environmental and biological variables, introducing some bias and making it difficult to separate the specific impact of recreational activities. The findings of this research can serve as a useful model for developing ecotourism while conserving Greater Flamingo populations and other migratory birds. It can inform appropriate policies for decision-makers and managers involved in conservation and recreational programs in coastal protected areas at national and international levels.

This article explores Freud's original engagement with animal symbols, characters, and stories in his case studies ''Little Hans,'' ''The Rat Man,'' and ''The Wolf Man.'' Employing insights from animal studies, the article examines Freud's views on the human-animal continuum as well as the phenomena of anthropomorphism and zoomorphism, via which human characteristics are affixed to animals and animal characteristics to humans. Also examined is the symbolism surrounding the animals appearing in the fairy tales referenced by Freud's patients, including ''Little Red Riding Hood.'' We end by considering the contributions that Freud can make to the expanding field of animal studies.

This chapter critically examines the application of the deconstructionist paradigm to political activism within the social sciences, focusing particularly on Judith Butler’s Gender Trouble. Through a detailed analysis of Butler’s arguments, the chapter argues that the work does not generate genuine knowledge but instead constructs an ethical-political program based on pseudoscientific foundations. Drawing parallels with the Soviet Union’s failed social experiments, the author highlights the dangers of large-scale ideological constructs detached from empirical reality. The chapter deconstructs Butler’s use of incest taboos, gender performativity, and psychoanalytic theory, contrasting them with the empirically supported Westermarck effect, which undermines the generative role of prohibitions posited by deconstructionists. Ultimately, the chapter suggests that Gender Trouble exemplifies a broader tendency within contemporary “Social Justice Theory” to politicize knowledge, replacing critical inquiry with circular reasoning and abstract notions of justice, thereby risking social fragmentation rather than progress.

In the last few decades, the authorities in Bahrain have paid intense attention to people with different disabilities in general and physical disabilities in particular. This attention matches the approval of the resolution on the Human Rights of Different Disabilities People, which includes people with disabilities such as blindness, hearing impairment, movement disability, being deaf, and partial or total speech impairment. Moreover, focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic results worldwide, outdoor spaces were recommended for practicing entertainment activities. Consequently, authorities instructed park designers to consider the various physically disabled users in their designs, such as visual impairment, deaf people, etc. There is still an obstacle to the absence of clear design guidelines regarding this issue and the necessary precautions. Consequently, it decreased the level of practice for people with different physical disabilities, light sports, simple fitness, playing joyful games, and participating in entertainment activities, improving their physical performance and sustaining a suitable level of self-confidence and joy. Unfortunately, guidelines for choosing the appropriate equipment for different types of physically disabled users are absent. These obstacles are shown comprehensively in the current state of most of the parks in Bahrain. The research examines the issue of different kinds of physical disabilities in designing parks. Therefore, the study objective is to search for the missing considerations in design and implementation practices that create deficiencies that negatively impact the usability of parks for people with disabilities. The research hypothesis is that there is a necessity to follow specific design principles while emerging the existing park or, in the case of creating new parks to support different disabilities, which will improve their physical and psychological conditions and positively impact practicing their life and become a productive member in the community rather than be problem cases for themselves and their sponsors. Consequently, it will improve their family status. The study concludes with design guidelines that facilitate the designer's job, considering the needs of physical disabilities in design parks. Therefore, this research used a mixed method approach as its main methodology through a theoretical literature review and an analytical study.

Biyosfer rezervi; UNESCO (Birleşmiş Milletler Eğitim, Bilim ve Kültür Örgütü)'nun insan ve Biyosfer Programı içerisinde yer alan uluslar arası öneme sahip karasal ve/veya kıyı ekosistemlerine sahip alanlardır. Biyolojik çeşitliliğin korunması, ekonomik kalkınma ve kültürel değerlerin devamlılığı arasındaki ilişkinin sürdürülebilir bir şekilde çözülmesine yönelik temel bir yaklaşımdır. Seyfe Gölü ve çevresi doğal hayatı korumaya yönelik çalışmalar sonucunda farklı koruma statüleri ile koruma altına alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada Seyfe gölünün, sahip olduğu koruma statülerinden farklı olarak, biyosfer rezervi olarak planlanması yönünde değerlendirilmelerde bulunulmuştur.

Bu rapor Samandağ Kumulları ve Milleyha Göleti Bütüncül Ekosistemi ve sahip olduğu canlı türleri hakkında genel anlamda bilgi vermesi amacıyla Subaşı Kuş Gözlem Topluluğu tarafından hazırlanmıştır.
Alandaki kuş türleri ile ilgili bilgiler, Subaşı Kuş Gözlem Topluluğu üyeleri tarafından yapılan gözlemler neticesinde oluşturulan gözlem listesinden ve raporlarından derlenmiştir.

An essay in Gareth Doherty and Charles Waldheim (eds.) Is Landscape....? Essays on the Identity of Landscape (London: Routledge, 2016): 190-227.

This essay serves as the backstory of current discourses on landscape and infrastructure by clarifying the relationships and entanglements between ecology, infrastructure, and power.

From the introduction:
Infrastructure has grown in complexity vis-à-vis the urbanization of the world. As “one of the most impressive facts of modern times,”1 infrastructure is both force and effect, a fixture to the horizontal patterns of urbanization that characterize the majority of the planet. Often buried or overlooked as background to development, infrastructure is the unseen interface—urbanism’s ghost—by which we influence and interact with the material, biological, and technological world. If all aspects of contemporary urban life are mediated by large technological systems as historian Rosalind Williams and J. B. Jackson proposes, then the preconception of infrastructure as closed, mechanical, engineered system needs to be radically rethought ecologically, as open systems of live media operating across different geographical, politic, and temporal scales.

About the Book
Is Landscape . . . ? surveys multiple and myriad definitions of landscape. Rather than seeking a singular or essential understanding of the term, the collection postulates that landscape might be better read in relation to its cognate terms across expanded disciplinary and professional fields. The publication pursues the potential of multiple provisional working definitions of landscape to both disturb and develop received understandings of landscape architecture. These definitions distinguish between landscape as representational medium, academic discipline, and professional identity. Beginning with an inquiry into the origins of the term itself, Is Landscape . . . .? features essays by a dozen leading voices shaping the contemporary reading of landscape as architecture and beyond.

Link to Routledge Book profile: https://www.routledge.com/products/9781138018471

It matters what matters we use to think other matters with; it matters what stories we tell to tell other stories with; it matters what knots knot knots, what thoughts think thoughts, what descriptions describe descriptions, what ties tie ties. It matters what stories make worlds, what worlds make stories.-Donna Haraway 1 Defined variously as 'the Great Derangement', 'the New Climatic Regime', and by geologists as 'the Anthropocene', our era has seen scientists, philosophers, and scholars from across the arts and humanities call out for new ways to tell stories about our relationship to the planet. 2 Within new materialist and ecological feminist philosophies, the attention paid to storying has brought to light the mechanisms through which particular structures of knowledge have separated human histories and histories of the natural world, ordering understandings of reality through binary severances such as nature/culture, human/animal. 3 This nonhuman turn has spotlighted the power geometries at work in such dichotomies, and its proponents see one of the major challenges of the Anthropocene to lie in finding ways to bring together these separated modes of storying the 'human' and the 'natural'. 4 As Jane Bennett expresses it, 'Perhaps the big project of the

Satellite images serve as a major information source when extracting natural features in land-scape-ecological research. The application of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) in landscape planning provides to analyze the relations and interdependences of landscape features and factors and to examine land-use changes. The main objective of this research is to apply archive and modern satellite images and aerial photos in large-scale (1:10,000) landscape land-use planning. The chosen area, the land of the Town of Novi Iskur, Bulgaria, features high anthropogenization rate as a re-sult of the uranium-ore extraction and the open coal mining carried out on it in the second half of the 20 th century. For the study objectives, high-resolution aerial photos and satellite images from QuickBird and IKONOS satellites acquired accordingly in 1980, 2002, and 2008, were used. The employed meth-ods were object-oriented image analysis and classification and computer-aided visua...

An environmental/cultural proposal is presented, on a pedestrian route already defined between Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe and the Almendres Cromlech, covering a total of about 4 km on a dirt road. It is intended to provide information on environmental (flora, fauna and landscape) and cultural (megalithic monuments) aspects that are observed along the walk. The end of the route coincides with the Almendres Cromlech, in Alto das Pedras Talhas, discovered in 1964 by archaeologist Henrique Leonor Pina, when he was carrying out the activities for the preparation of the Geological Map of Portugal.

Apresenta-se uma proposta ambiental/cultural, num percurso pedestre já definido entre Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe e o Cromeleque dos Almendres, percorrendo no total cerca de 4 km em estrada de terra batida. Pretende-se fornecer informações sobre aspetos ambientais (flora, fauna e paisagem) e culturais (monumentos megalíticos) que se observa ao longo da caminhada. O final do percurso coincide com o Cromeleque dos Almendres, no Alto das Pedras Talhas descoberto, em 1964, pelo arqueólogo Henrique Leonor Pina, quando efetuava as atividades para a elaboração da Carta Geológica de Portugal.
Palavras-chaves: percurso pedestre, paisagem, ambiente, cultura.

Bu calismada, ulkemizin oldukca onemli ve hassas ekosistemlerinden biri olan Koycegiz - Dalyan Lagunu’nun surdurulebilir yonetimi icin, karar vericilere gerekli bilgilerin olusturulmasi asamasinda kullanilan karar destek sistemi araclarindan biri olan, su kalitesi modellemesi gerceklestirilmistir. Bu amacla, Amerika Birlesik Devletleri Cevre Koruma Teskilati tarafindan gelistirilen ve 20 yili askin bir suredir su kalitesi modelleme calismalarinda kullanilan Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) adli program secilmistir. Su kalitesi modelleme calismalarinda su ortaminda maddenin tasiniminin saglanabilmesi icin bu modele akimlarin tanimlanmasi gerekmektedir. WASP modeline tanimlanan akimlarin analizi ve kontrolu icin de tuzluluk simulasyonlari yapilmistir. Tuzluluk simulasyonlarinda elde edilen model sonuclari daha once bolgede gerceklestirilmis olan izleme calismalarinda olculen tuzluluk konsantrasyonlari ile karsilastirilarak model kalibre edilmistir. Model kalibrasyonu y...

The right to clean water is a vital resource in consolidated emerging urban economies. Alternative fresh water resources and public wastewater management represent one of the most valuable services. However fresh water requires an adequate and advanced depuration technique: the Integrated System of Phytodepuration (ISP). The expansion of mega-cities worldwide has generated many derelict voids. The proliferation of highly polluted brownfields is a constant characteristic, which is likely to continue and increase in future. If left to fall in to neglectfulness and urban inertia, these spaces will have a detrimental effecton local neighborhoods in terms of social health, wellbeing, local economies and environmental qualities. The development of urban parks in urban voids has been generically implemented without environmental and ecological recovery strategies. Waterscape is not just an aesthetic feature but also a decisive element in the production of the space. The construction of man...

The right to clean water is a vital resource in consolidated emerging urban economies. Alternative fresh water resources and public wastewater management represent one of the most valuable services. However fresh water requires an adequate and advanced depuration technique: the Integrated System of Phytodepuration (ISP). The expansion of mega-cities worldwide has generated many derelict voids. The proliferation of highly polluted brownfields is a constant characteristic, which is likely to continue and increase in future. If left to fall into neglectfulness and urban inertia, these spaces will have a detrimental effect on local neighborhoods in terms of social health, wellbeing, local economies and environmental qualities. The development of urban parks in urban voids has been generically implemented without environmental and ecological recovery strategies. Waterscape is not just an aesthetic feature but also a decisive element in the production of the space. The construction of man...

1. During recent decades, the ecological corridor has become a popular concept among ecologists, politicians and nature conservationists. However, it has been criticized from a scientific point of view. In this paper we question why this concept has been accepted so readily in policy and practice.
2. We present a conceptual framework to analyse the rise of the concept, especially in the Netherlands. We have studied the Dutch literature from the period 1980-2005, including the main ecological journal Landschap (Landscape), policy documents and reports from the leading Dutch policy-oriented ecology research centre.
3. Many actors, including politicians, stakeholders and scientists, were involved in the development of the ecological corridor and the related National Ecological Network on the national and regional level. The involvement of these actors changed the character of the concept into the multifunctional ‘robust corridor’.
4. The ecological corridor was probably so influential because its vague and flexible character facilitated the coming together of various stakeholders and scientists. It also functions as a metaphor, applicable to well-known entities such as construction and transport. Finally, scientists from the policy-oriented research centre were able to link the concept to fundamental science, policy and practice. In some stages of the policy-defining process, however, conflicts arose between the proponents of scientific soundness and those of social robustness that reduced the role of scientists.
5. Synthesis and applications. To make ecological concepts both scientifically sound and socially robust, several changes must take place in current interactions between ecology and society. Firstly, during concept development it requires the existence of extensive, largely interactive peer groups with clearly defined relationships between scientists and non-scientists. Secondly, the concepts should be flexible and relatable to relevant knowledge, insights, values and practices. Thirdly, several feedback loops between science and non-science should be set up during the various stages of concept development and implementation.

In the historical context we live in, where urbanization is a process that affects the entire territory and not only urban areas, and where natural resources are increasingly limited, but a critical reflection on operational landscapes is necessary from a perspective that considers both the natural and social environments. Contrary to the traditional approach that assumes an understanding of the landscape as something opposed to city-building, the theory of planetary urbanization asserts that infrastructures and productive territories have become part of the urban condition and therefore must be studied, planned, and designed. Thus, in this Landscape Planning course, the methodology established is based on projective cartography as a tool to rethink the territory, generating new perspectives and solutions to address contemporary challenges in land use and landscape management.

Sediment Concentrations and Particle-Size Analysis for Selected Channel Section of River Yedzeram at Wuro-Gude, North eastern Nigeria was the main objective of the research. Equipment required for field measurements of suspended load sediment and bed load sediment included improvised suspended load sampler, Helley-Smith bed load sampler, inventory checklist, Sample ID forms (sampling information and identification) and labels, G.P.S, Camera, Ranging pole, Staff, tape, and Personnel. The sampling procedure used was area sampling technique through equal increment of width, using the same transit rate for all verticals and the same bill along the same cross-section. The cross-section of the river was divided in to fifteen (15) sections (2m) each with their definite boundaries, after which the use of systematic sampling technique was adopted and draws one sample from each section resulted to the total samples of fifteen (15) for the whole cross-section. The samples were subjected to laboratory analysis. The results obtained indicated that the mean volume of sediments that passed through Wuro-Gude station was 4658g within 20 second. The major particle of the channel bed was medium sand consisting of 25.10%, then gravel 17.45%, fine sand 15.56%, pebbles 7.14%, cobbles 2.32%, boulders 1.61%, silt 1.60%, and 0.02% clay contents. The Cu was 0.146 which was less than 4-6, while Cc was 0.896 below the range 1-3, which indicated that the sediment sizes were not well graded. The volume of 12,033.360g of suspended load passed through River Yedzeram at Wuro-Gude channel section. This result indicated that the volume of water that passed through Wuro-Gude was averagely turbid. It was recommended that; Awareness on the turbid nature of water that pass through Yedzeram channel around Wuro-Gude should be done, so as to reduce the level of negative effects of contaminated water on human and properties, secondly, there is a serious lack of hydrologic and morphometric records and data in the area. Therefore, much data gathering by appropriate agencies in the areas like Geomorphology, Hydrology, Geology, Soil science and Soil engineering required from relevant related fields is required. Dredging of the river channel should be done so as to remove the accumulated bed load particles that are presently cemented in the river. This will result to smooth flow of the water in the river.

This study aims to investigate whether damage of wild pigs to wheat is an effective cause on wheat variety selection of producers in provinces of Ankara, Kayseri, Yozgat, Çankırı, Kırıkkale, Eskişehir and Afyonkarahisar, located in Central Anatolia of Türkiye. Within the scope of the study, a survey was conducted with a total of 564 producers selected by snowball sampling method and 65.6% of them stated that there are wild pigs in their villages. Among those who suffers from presence of wild pig, 80.8 % indicated that they prefer awned wheat varieties to reduce damage to the minimum level. As a result, it was concluded that wild pig damage plays a crucial role in variety preferences of producers in the area of research since the damage wild pig cause is comparatively lower in awned wheat varieties. As the decrease in the habitats of wild animals gradually increases, human and wild animal encounters more and this lead conflicts of interest. Although this conflict has been going on for many years and no clear solutions have been found, producers try to reduce the damage through individual solutions such as preferring awned wheat varieties. However, cultural methods such as awned wheat preference are also insufficient to solve the problem. First of all, it is important to determine the wild pig population in the regions, then determine the economic extent of wild pig damage and finally implement wildlife management strategies in agricultural areas where damage occurs.

This study addresses the pressure on green spaces due to population growth and urban development, which leads to fragmented and destroyed natural areas. It highlights the importance of maintaining green continuity through natural and artificial corridors based on the expertise of ecologists and urban planners. The study focuses on the “Trabzon-Golcayır Village Route,” a valley closed to urban development that connects the city to rural areas. The goal is to assess the potential functions of this valley for greenway planning. After conducting a suitability analysis, the study suggests greenway planning strategies, emphasizing the recreational and scenic functions of the valley. The area is divided into three zones: the first two are considered recreational corridors, while the third is identified as a scenic corridor.

Following François Laruelle, this article deals with anon-philosophical treatment of queer ecological thought. Rethinking queerness, animality, environment, and queer animality on these grounds requiresaradical change in the framework approaching these questions. The non-philosophical treatment performsas terilization of ap articular structure of queer ecological thought identified as queertopia. Non-philosophy presumes unidirectionality of the radically immanent One, leading to the notion of radical wilderness. The non-philosophical One is also radically undecidable, unidirectionallym oving thought-practice of queer ecologyand queer animals into radicalwilderness, where thea-sexed non-animals become figures of degrowth of queer ecological thought and collapse of the queertopia.

Bu calismada, ulkemizin oldukca onemli ve hassas ekosistemlerinden biri olan Koycegiz - Dalyan Lagunu’nun surdurulebilir yonetimi icin, karar vericilere gerekli bilgilerin olusturulmasi asamasinda kullanilan karar destek sistemi araclarindan biri olan, su kalitesi modellemesi gerceklestirilmistir. Bu amacla, Amerika Birlesik Devletleri Cevre Koruma Teskilati tarafindan gelistirilen ve 20 yili askin bir suredir su kalitesi modelleme calismalarinda kullanilan Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) adli program secilmistir. Su kalitesi modelleme calismalarinda su ortaminda maddenin tasiniminin saglanabilmesi icin bu modele akimlarin tanimlanmasi gerekmektedir. WASP modeline tanimlanan akimlarin analizi ve kontrolu icin de tuzluluk simulasyonlari yapilmistir. Tuzluluk simulasyonlarinda elde edilen model sonuclari daha once bolgede gerceklestirilmis olan izleme calismalarinda olculen tuzluluk konsantrasyonlari ile karsilastirilarak model kalibre edilmistir. Model kalibrasyonu y...

The integration of green infrastructures into urban planning has the potential to create more resilient and livable cities. This paper intends to present a co-programming path that has seen professionals and non-profit organizations collaborating with the Municipality of Altamura (Italy) in the development of planning tools and urban interventions based on the creation of new public spaces through the strategic use of NbS. It explores the concept of the "new public city" which prioritizes the creation of public spaces and green infrastructures as a means to improve the social and environmental sustainability of the urban environment. A critical analysis, aimed at detecting the imprinting and the strategic role that empty spaces have assumed in defining urban settlements, is carried out, starting from a reconsideration of its known "claustri" in the historical city center. Is highlighted how this urban imprinting has been pivotal in the drafting of recent planning tools aiming to activate resilience-based urban regeneration (UR) processes in periurban areas. Afterwards, the green infrastructure's pilot project "IxE-CO 2 ", today under construction within the recent Parco San Giuliano suburban district, is presented and analyzed. Finally, methodological aspects, challenges and opportunities are deduced from the planning tools and the pilot case.

Green infrastructure planning has been receiving great attention since the end of the last century. Although green infrastructure has been known for its ability to respond to a wide range of environmental, social, and economic challenges, the concept and associated implementation measures are still being discussed among researchers, decision-makers, and practitioners. To help these discussions, several authors have identified green infrastructure planning principles to help these professional with planning procedures. However the perception of practitioners regarding these principles was never taken into consideration. Because of this, the purpose of this research is to learn about the priorities of urban planners regarding green infrastructure planning principles and their integration into spatial planning. To achieve this, an Analytic Hierarchy Process methodology was applied to urban planners working in the 17 municipalities of Lisbon Metropolitan Area, in order to prioritize the...

This book was prepared as moral support to Prof. h. c. İbrahim Atalay for his 45 th year in his profession. He produced significant scientific work and contributed tremendously to geographical studies in Turkey during his nearly half a century long career. Prof. Atalay stepped out of the descriptive geographical studies that used to be commonly practiced in Turkey, favoring a more contemporary approach. Geography is a science of multiple approaches, and it is at the cross road of various sciences, it takes methods from many other associated fields. The scope of geography is so broad that not every geographer can carry out studies in all the fields within this framework. However, Prof. h. c. İbrahim Atalay stood out for achieving this tough goal and produced original works in every single field of geography. He is also the first academic in Turkey to constantly emphasize that ecology underlies geography and that it is impossible to conduct a full-scale physical and human geographical study without an insight into ecology. He has proved that he has profound knowledge of geography with his studies, books, and articles on soil, vegetation, climate, hydrography, geomorphology, human geography, and ecology. Prof. Atalay is not only an excellent scientist, but also a very good person and a perfect professor, who is capable of communicating smoothly with people from various professions. At times, he speaks like an Anatolian, and other times he speaks Istanbul Turkish, which is one of his characteristics. Prof. Atalay loves research and travels a lot. In fact, he has been to more places than his colleagues. His sincere and friendly attitude has earned him many friends not only in Turkey, but all over the world. This is why he has become an important person who has promoted geography in Turkey to the entire world. In the early 2000s, he worked very hard to start Turkey-Romania Academic Geographical Seminars. In 2006, he played a key role in the beginning and continuation of a series of International Geography Symposium-GEOMED meetings. As stated in his biography, he is internationally acclaimed and has won a number of awards. He earned the title Professoris Honoris Causa and received Diploma de Excellenta Simon Mehedinti, eventually being cited as 500 Greatest Geniuses of the 21 st Century in geography and ecology by the American Biographical Institute. Even though he reached the age of retirement a while ago, his dedication to his profession and love of science encouraged him to continue his career, build up on his knowledge, and keep producing scientific work. I would like to say that I am honored to be the author of this work and dedicate it to my esteemed Professor h. c. Ibrahim Atalay. I wish him health, happiness, and success during the course of his academic and private life. I would like to extend my thanks to esteemed Rector Prof. Mehmet Tüzün for his help in the publishing of this book. I would also like to offer my sincere thanks to all the distinguished scientists who contributed to the book with their memoirs and scientific work. Finally, my thanks go to the Directorate of the Dokuz Eylül University Printing House and its estimeed staff for their work.

The ecosystem geography of the Sultan Sazlıgı basin
Mankind continues its vital activities on earth. As it effects Earth, it's also affected by it. Therefore, on the world mankind lives on, it and nature are two factors who affect each other. And in the last century the balance of the ecosystem, which has been alive since mankind, has been gradually changing. This change or deterioration causes degradation such as climatory properties to deviate, flora and fauna to suffer, and air, water and soil pollution interchangeably. Wetlands have been the keystones of abundance and fertility for mankind. This is why ancient civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, India and China have been founded nearby river deltas and have bloomed so on. Therefore, water resources and fertile land nearby them have become excellent at gathering population. And the population has caused the ecosystem in these wetlands to change. Some wetlands have been dehydrated for economic activity. Some have been abused. Eventually, the biological variety of wetlands have decayed. So that today, only wetlands which are preserved can stay alive. Whereas these resources are not infinite. If this wealth is not used wisely and is not supervised carefully, our future will be at stake. This is why today, rationing our resources effectively is mentioned frequently. To protect the environment and to develop stably, advancement and environment health must be dealt with together. The Sultan Morass, which is important nationally and internationally for its abundances and is also in an enclosed basin, is in danger of extinction because of poorly planned projects that have been executed in the area. Consequently, the rich biological variety that the Sultan Morass has, needs to be preserved, it needs to be improved, and its well properties need to be identified for the natural resources of it to be used properly, and it needs ecological supervision.

Sediment Concentrations and Particle-Size Analysis for Selected Channel Section of River Yedzeram at Wuro-Gude, North eastern Nigeria was the main objective of the research. Equipment required for field measurements of suspended load sediment and bed load sediment included improvised suspended load sampler, Helley-Smith bed load sampler, inventory checklist, Sample ID forms (sampling information and identification) and labels, G.P.S, Camera, Ranging pole, Staff, tape, and Personnel. The sampling procedure used was area sampling technique through equal increment of width, using the same transit rate for all verticals and the same bill along the same cross-section. The cross-section of the river was divided in to fifteen (15) sections (2m) each with their definite boundaries, after which the use of systematic sampling technique was adopted and draws one sample from each section resulted to the total samples of fifteen (15) for the whole cross-section. The samples were subjected to laboratory analysis. The results obtained indicated that the mean volume of sediments that passed through Wuro-Gude station was 4658g within 20 second. The major particle of the channel bed was medium sand consisting of 25.10%, then gravel 17.45%, fine sand 15.56%, pebbles 7.14%, cobbles 2.32%, boulders 1.61%, silt 1.60%, and 0.02% clay contents. The Cu was 0.146 which was less than 4-6, while Cc was 0.896 below the range 1-3, which indicated that the sediment sizes were not well graded. The volume of 12,033.360g of suspended load passed through River Yedzeram at Wuro-Gude channel section. This result indicated that the volume of water that passed through Wuro-Gude was averagely turbid. It was recommended that; Awareness on the turbid nature of water that pass through Yedzeram channel around Wuro-Gude should be done, so as to reduce the level of negative effects of contaminated water on human and properties, secondly, there is a serious lack of hydrologic and morphometric records and data in the area. Therefore, much data gathering by appropriate agencies in the areas like Geomorphology, Hydrology, Geology, Soil science and Soil engineering required from relevant related fields is required. Dredging of the river channel should be done so as to remove the accumulated bed load particles that are presently cemented in the river. This will result to smooth flow of the water in the river.

Yazıların tüm teknik ve hukuki sorumluluğu yazarlarına aittir. İleri sürülen fikir ve iddialar Doğa ve Sürdürülebilirlik Derneğinin görüşünü yansıtmayabilir. U zun bacaklı ve uzun boyunlu su kuşu olan flamingolar, Phoenicopteridae ailesinden ibaret olan Phoenicopteriformes takımını oluştururlar. İkisi Eski Dünya kıtalarında, dördü Amerika kıtalarında dağılım gösteren bu kuşların altı türünden ikisi Türkiye'de de bulunur. Bu yazıda Türkiye'deki Büyük Flamingo-Phoenicopterus roseus Pallas, 1811 ve Küçük Flamingo-Phoeniconaias minor (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1798) türlerinin geçmişten günümüze durumu derlenerek verilmiştir. Flamingos, long-legged and long-necked water bird, form the order Phoenicopteriformes, which consists of the family Phoenicopteridae. Two of these six species of these birds, two of which are distributed in the Old World continents and four in the Americas, are also found in Türkiye. In this article, the status of Greater Flamingo-Phoenicopterus roseus Pallas, 1811 and Lesser Flamingo-Phoeniconaias minor (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1798) in Turkey from past to present has been compiled and presented.

This report provides an evidence base on how Nature-based Solutions (NbS) and Empowerment Tools (ET) can support resilience in coastal communities. Using a Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA). It synthesises the current state of the evidence concerning the role of NbS and community ET in addressing coastal challenges such as climate change across Europe. The outcomes and impacts of such approaches in fostering
empowerment and resilience within these communities are presented, including methods and indicators to report and measure empowerment. This report is targeted for policy- and decisionmakers, researchers and practitioners, exploring the nexus between coastal resilience, NbS and
empowerment. Concrete examples and a classification of Empowerment Tools are proposed to foster engagement and ownership among coastal communities - a relevant source for planning future NbS projects and coastal Living Labs in Europe and across the world.

A utilização de técnicas de MAR (managed aquifer recharge, em nomenclatura inglesa ou gestão de recarga induzida de aquíferos) visa armazenar água em aquíferos durante períodos de excedentes podendo ajudar a resolver posteriores desafios de escassez de água e, assim, melhor gerir a variabilidade temporal da disponibilidade de água. Além disso, a qualidade da água pode ser melhorada através da sua circulação pelo meio poroso até ao aquífero, como resultado de processos químicos e biológicos, para além da própria diluição. Nesse contexto, a recarga induzida de aquíferos pode ser um importante contributo para resolver a crise de água da Europa, ligando o uso de excedentes hídricos com a reutilização de água e a gestão de recursos hídricos.

The unique challenges associated with sampling of macroinvertebrates in flashy urban streams create a methods gap. These streams form isolated pools for much of the year, interspersed with spates that scour and deposit excessive amounts of sediment. Commonly used stream grab sampling methods, such as nets and Hess and Surber fixed-area samplers, work well in wadable streams with perennial flow. Deployed samplers (Hester-Dendy, gravel tray) can be used in waters with or without flow. We evaluated three methods which don't require stream flow: modified Hester-Dendy (MHD), gravel tray, and bucket (a type of cylinder grab sample method), for their potential use in bioassessment of a project involving daylighting of a 180-m culvert on Congress Run, a flashy urban tributary to Mill Creek in Cincinnati, Ohio. Method efficacy was measured using three criteria: usability (level of effort and recoverability of samplers), variability, and community retrieval completeness. The bucket method required the lowest level of effort and had the highest sample recovery. The bucket sampler had the lowest variability for most metrics, including the critical metric of taxa richness, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 20.9%. The MHD and tray samplers had taxa richness CVs of 42.9% and 53.9%, respectively. The bucket sampler also had the lowest CV (27.4%) for a multi-metric index. The bucket sampler performed best with respect to community retrieval completeness, with higher pooled and average taxa richness. The total number of taxa collected from all the replicate bucket grab samples (42) was greater than that collected by the HD and tray samplers combined (27). Multivariate analyses showed significant grouping with respect to methods and location. This study supports the bucket grab sampler method as a candidate for sampling of flashy urban streams.

Plano Regional de Ordenamento do Territorio do Oeste e Vale do Tejo c) Definir medidas e intervenções com vista à atenuação das assimetrias de desenvolvimento intra-regionais; d) Servir de quadro de referência para a elaboração dos planos intermunicipais e municipais de ordenamento do território.

guia metodológico para a produção de cartografia municipal de risco e para a criação de sistemas de informação geográfica (sig) de base municipal CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.UL

In order to respond appropriately to increased transfer of species between countries and continents in the current era of globalization, it is necessary to recognize the agency of people in changing ecosystem functions in unexpected and sometimes invisible ways.  Anthropogenic alterations of the environment are often accompanied by shifts in plant communities; these changes are almost always labeled and treated as invasions.  Ecologists, policy-makers and the public often focus on newly established plants as the problem.  Much of the vocabulary used has loaded connotations, such as ‘exotic’, ‘invasive’, ‘weed’, etc.  These words focus attention on the plants rather than ecological processes as the
perceived problem.  For example, much money and effort is spent removing offending ‘invasive’ plants, as is seen throughout the western U.S. with salt cedar (Tamarix sp.).  Salt cedar was originally imported into the U.S. from Asia as an ornamental plant and for use in erosion control along streambanks.  Following the regional draw-down of water tables and reductions in stream flow over 100 years, salt cedar now outcompetes more mesic native species that relied on seasonal flood flows to recruit, particularly cottonwood (Populus spp.) and willow (Salix spp.).  Thus, much of the discussion misses a central issue: the underlying causes that resulted in the ‘invasion.’  People changed the environmental conditions by drawing down the water table by pumping groundwater and damming rivers, as well as grazing livestock throughout much of the western U.S.  The imported salt cedar was suited to the altered environmental conditions and was able to flourish while native species struggled.  When basic ecosystem function is altered, the composition of plant communities will echo this change.  This is not an invasion by an “evil water-sucking plant,” rather, it is a shift in the total ecosystem function including species types.  Similar functional changes underlie most ‘species invasions’.  In order to address ‘invasions’ adequately, we must first understand anthropogenic effects on the habitat where the apparent invasion has occurred.

Rational usage of coals with high content of sulfur is very important problem for Donetsk basin, because near 70 % of coal stock contains more than 3 % of sulfur. Content of sulfur is important criteria of fuel qual ity that is connected with genetic type of coals by reductivity. Three pairs of Donetsk low-rank bituminous coals of different genetic type (reduced coal-RC and lowreduced coal-LRC) were studied in this work. A comparative study of thermal destruction process of RC and LRC coals and distribution of sulfur in the semi-coking products has been carried out.

Rational usage of coals with high content of sulfur is very important problem for Donetsk basin, because near 70 % of coal stock contains more than 3 % of sulfur. Content of sulfur is important criteria of fuel qual­ ity that is connected with genetic type of coals by reductivity. Three pairs of Donetsk low-rank bituminous coals of different genetic type (reduced coal-RC and lowreduced coal-LRC) were studied in this work. A comparative study of thermal destruction process of RC and LRC coals and distribution of sulfur in the semi-coking products has been carried out.