Environmental Sustainability

The paper begins with a review of theoretical concepts including a conceptual delimitation of the terms Holistic management and sustainable development. Aim of the work is to emphasize the importance of the transition from an economy focused on obtaining maximum profits in a responsible economy, which prioritizes basic maintenance of ecological balance. Under these conditions, economics in general and particularly economic and financial analysis must fundamentally rethink traditional concepts of economic viability and profitability in the economy, by considering the fundamental causes capable of destroying ecosystem restoration capacity. The innovative character of such a theoretical-methodological approach is limited only by the possibility of implementation at the macroeconomic and microeconomic level. It is noteworthy, however, increasing research activities in this field of holistic management and sustainable development, literature study clearly reflects a new direction in the ...

The paper argues that the way in which social scientists and policy-makers have conceptualised the Italian territory has significantly changed since the 1950s as a consequence of methodological shifts and attempts to capture the changing territorial organisation of the economy brought about by the structural transformation of the production and consumption process. In retrospect, one can in fact discern a conceptual trajectory from the standard 'Northern Italy'/'Southern Italy' partition, which prevailed until the 1970s, to an interpretation of the Italian territory as a pattern of local systems which slowly emerged in the subsequent decades. The paper suggests that the concept of 'local system', if correctly interpreted, may finally lead to rediscover cities as the fundamental elements of the territorial organisation of the economic process in Italy. However difficult economists may find to insert 'the city' in the categorical and theoretical framework of economics, it seems necessary to assign to the features of urban organisation of the Italian society the economic importance they indeed have. By moving from a modern interpretation of the concept of city -for instance by giving adequate consideration to the fact that in Western economies practically all cities are 'dispersed cities' and functional rather than administrative borders are relevant -one can reach the conclusion that most local systems are in fact cities. This way of looking at the Italian territory has important consequences. For instance, it reinstates urban external economies and dis-economies in the position they deserve in determining the development trajectory of the Italian economy. This perspective, moreover, re-assigns to the main Italian urban systems the economic role that they have indeed played in recent decades with regard to the innovation and accumulation processes, and highlights the key position that large cities have in reacting to the external shocks that accompany the changing international division of labour. Moreover, if the economic importance of cities is not acknowledged, it is questionable whether effective regional and national development policies can be devised. The critical-historical analysis of the conceptualisation of the Italian territory since the 1950s conducted in this paper, highlighting the conceptual barriers which have impeded appreciation of the role of cities, may prove functional to a paradigmatic shift which puts cities at the centre of the stage -a shift which is also in line with the new orientation toward cities one finds in the EU territorial policies.

iii iv Cassava: Adding Value for Africa (CAVA II) is a project led by the Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria, working closely with the Natural Resources Institute. CAVA II aims to improve the livelihoods of smallholder farmers and processors in Nigeria, Ghana, Tanzania, Uganda, and Malawi. CAVA II works across the value-added cassava chain, it interacts directly with farmers to improve the profitability of cassava sales, both through increasing overall market demand and through boosting farmer yields.

El avance vertiginoso de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TICs) ha producido en los últimos años un significativo aumento en el número de sus consumidores. Sin embargo, junto al incremento de equipos tecnológicos de uso cotidiano ha ido creciendo exponencialmente el nivel de basura electrónica derivada de su obsolescencia. Así, la contaminación que provoca la denominada e-basura y su toxicidad se ha tornado en un problema para todos los sectores de la comunidad y en una gran preocupación para organismos tales como gobiernos, ONGs y universidades, quienes comienzan a establecer un compromiso serio para intervenir sobre esta cuestión. En este trabajo, se describirán tanto aspectos de la problemática como algunas de las líneas de acción llevadas a cabo desde la Facultad de Informática de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Landscaped open spaces are few and far between as found in many emerging cities of most developing countries and this has served as a deterrent to city development and the achievement of a healthy and sustainable environment. This paper focuses on the landscape quality of open spaces highlighting the peculiarities of Akure, a city in South-western Nigeria as it evaluates the significance of landscaped areas to the built environment in an urban setting. The poor quality of the city’s urban environment has been attributed partly to inadequate use and management of these urban open spaces and this has exerted a major strain on the physical outlook of the environment and an attendant negative effect on the welfare and productivity of the residents. The need to effectively address the issue of a sustainable built environment calls for the identification and analyses of the open spaces in a bid to assess their implications to landscape planning and the status of the city’s development. Th...

Berberis, a member of family Berberidaceae serves as 'wildlife-clinic' in nature. Berberis pseudumbellata subsp. gilgitica is endemic to the area and has become critically endangered. For the first time research documented unique epigenetic behaviour of different mountain wildlife and zoopharmacological practices of traditional communities from CKNP. When wildlife gets physical hurts, it rushes towards Berberis plants and eat berries, chew leaves or bark, which is found significant (p<0.001). Such behaviour is untaught, not learned, and automatic but seems pre-programmed instinctively triggered reflexed. This is observed in avifauna (House Sparrow, Chakor, Ram Chakor) and angulates (Flare horned Markhor, Himalayan Ibex) only. 79.03%, 36.51% hunters (SD±30.02), 83.24%, 58.23% shepherds (SD±17.68) and 41.92%, 17.11% local population (SD±17.54) believe and have personal observations respectively for Berberis-wildpharma interaction. Traditionally it is used zoopharmacologically for bone healing of limbs (93.67%), other bone fracture and injury (90.91%), other internal injuries (85.53%), external injuries (73.33%), delivery of sheep (38.12%), goat (17.36%) and cow (19.87%). No such observation was recorded with respect to herpetofauna and carnivores.

Digital transition has introduced dynamics of everyday cohabitation and interaction between the organic dimension of living beings and the inorganic diversity of 'sentient' technological objects, able to record and react to biological behaviors. It is a phenomenon whose impact on ways of observing and designing the landscape is yet to be largely explored. The contribution reflects on the possibilities of using the computational capacity of digital technologies as allies for an open and adaptive project, capable of keeping together biological, cultural and social uniqueness and differences. To help reversing possible homologating impacts of globalisation, but also of digitalisation itself, if understood merely as a process of technical advancement pursuing optimisation logics, possible conceptual frameworks are proposed to imagine new relations with this technological otherness and to identify some trajectories useful to broaden the designer's field of action.

Perspektif Resource-Based View (RBV) menjelaskan bahwa hanya sumber daya yang memiliki karakteristik VRIN (Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, Non-substitutable) yang mampu menjadi sumber keunggulan bersaing jangka panjang. Namun, agar relevansi SHC tetap terjaga, perusahaan juga memerlukan Dynamic Capability untuk beradaptasi terhadap perubahan lingkungan bisnis. Artikel ini mengkaji hubungan antara SHC, VRIN, dan Dynamic Capability melalui studi kasus Apple Inc., perusahaan teknologi global yang mampu mempertahankan posisi kompetitif melalui pengelolaan sumber daya manusia yang inovatif dan strategis. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa Apple berhasil menjadikan SHC sebagai aset VRIN yang diperkuat dengan dynamic capability, sehingga mampu menciptakan SCA yang berkelanjutan di tengah era disrupsi digital.

PSH y GH1 se evaluaron en un sistema de fermentación en medio líquido. La actividad tanasa extracelular e intracelular se evaluó usando el método de la rodanina metanólica. Las condiciones de cultivo fueron: inóculo, 3 x 10 7 esporas/reactor; 30 mL de medio de cultivo; temperatura, 30ºC; tiempo de incubación, 48h; pH inicial, 5.5; diversas fuente de carbono fueron evaluadas: glucosa, ácido gálico, ácido tánico y catequina, e infusiones de sorgo, cáscara de nuez y gobernadora. Se empleó una relación carbono/nitrógeno de 10. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que la cepa GH1 de Aspergillus niger produjo la tanasa tanto extra como intracelularmente tanto en sustratos puros como en cultivos con infusiones. Sin embargo, la cepa de Aspergillus niger PSH fue mejor productora de la actividad tanasa bajo ciertas condiciones de cultivo, por ejemplo, sobre cultivos con infusiones de gobernadora.

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of green product and consumer preferences on purchase intention through the lens of public policy using primary data collected from 400 employees of public and private organizations in D.G. Khan division of Pakistan through questionnaire surveys. Green product and consumer preferences were independent variable while public policy served as a mediating variable and Purchase intention, which is proxied for natural disasters, acted as dependent variable. Reliability of questionnaire items were tested through Cronbach Alpha while the relationship between independent, mediating and dependent variables were estimated through regression analysis. The findings reveal that the impact of green products and consumer preferences was positive and significant on purchase intention. Similarly, the impact of public policy was also pronounced on the relationships of green products, consumer preferences and purchase intention. The study suggests that firms and policymakers should frame eco-friendly policies to promote green products through policy intervention and fiscal incentives to achieve sustainability and to mitigate the effects of climate change.

This introduction to the volume Narratives of Resilience/Narrative der Resilienz begins with a brief discussion of the term 'resilience' as a travelling concept across a range of research fields, evaluating both its critique and its promise, especially for the environmental humanities. It proceeds to consider how resilience research might be expanded through literary and cultural studies and how these can develop concepts of cultural resilience and literary resilience in dialogue with other disciplines. In the definition of "narratives of resilience", which is the main concern of this introduction, both a transdisciplinary and a specifically literary concept of narrative are taken into account. In contrast to disaster narratives and risk narratives, resilience narratives, seen as a transhistorical phenomenon, focus on the vulnerability experienced by individuals and societies and, even more so, on the strenuous process of their successful or failing resilience. That leads to reflections on the role of narrative practices in both disclosing and, potentially, building resilience, based on the conviction that resilience can be developed through and in the act of sharing stories of catastrophic events and survival. The introduction concludes with a systematic overview of the research questions, concerns, and approaches in this volume's chapters. The latter examine various narrative strategies in resilience narratives and discuss a broad spectrum of interpretations and facets of resilience between resistance, regeneration, adaptation, and transformation. Resilience. We all know what it means, don't we? Well, sort of. The literal meaning is familiar enough. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, resilience signifies either the "action or act of rebounding, springing back" or

At the moment organisations often make significant investments in producing Web-based material, often funded through public money, for example from JISC. But what happens when some of those organisations are closed or there is no longer any money or resources to host the site? We are seeing cuts in funding or changes in governmental policy, which is resulting in the closure of some of these organisations. What happens to those Web resources when the organisations are no longer in existence? Public money has often been used to develop these resources -from that perspective it would be a shame to lose them. Moreover, the resources might be needed or someone may actually want to take over the maintenance of the site at a later date. How do we make these sites more sustainable? Is there any way we can move sites to somewhere that is free to host the Web pages, and can be left there or modified when needed? JISC previously funded three projects to look at this area through a programme called Sustaining 'at risk' online resources . One of these projects, which ran at The University of Northampton, looked into 'rescuing' one of the recently closed East Midlands Universities Association's online resources. This resource, called East Midlands Knowledge Network (EMKN), lists many of the knowledge transfer activities of 10 of the East Midlands universities. The project looked at options on how to migrate the site to a free hosting option to make it make it more sustainable even when it is no longer available on the original host's servers. This article looks at this work as a case study on Web sustainability and also included a case study of another project where Web sustainability was central. Sustainability is one of those phrases that can have many meanings, but in the context of a Web site, it means the Web site: Can still be viewed, even if there is no money or paid resources to host it, usually via free Web hosting; Can be updated; Must have a mechanism to transfer ownership, add new editors, etc, easily. Should ideally be able to transfer the content of the site between hosts relatively easily. Should, ideally, in terms of its management, be relatively simple. It should not rely on the person managing the site to have Web-programming skills. The following two case studies aim to illustrate these general principles.

This study focused on the significance of urban and peri-urban wetlands in the Martil plain of Tetouan, Morocco, for bird reproduction. Conducted over a two-year period, the research employed fixed-site counting and weekly visits to assess reproductive indicators such as chicks, nests, courtship displays, and territorial defense. The findings demonstrated that these wetland environments play a vital role in the reproduction of 37 bird species from 15 families, including species of national importance, declining Mediterranean species, vulnerable species according to the IUCN, and rare breeding species. These results underscore the critical importance of conserving and sustainably managing these wetland areas. By prioritising the preservation of urban and peri-urban wetlands, Morocco can contribute to global biodiversity conservation efforts while addressing the challenges of urbanization and climate change

The wetland environments of the plain of Martil are located in an urban area in the Tetouan region (Northern Morocco); they provide wildlife a place to live and are important for migratory birds as they travel from nesting to wintering sites. The objective of this study is to monitor the avifauna population that frequents these ecosystems. The study duration is from January 2021 to June 2022. The survey methods are the point count and visual identification, using appropriate visual equipment and according to an ornithological guide. The avifauna recorded encompasses a total of 93 bird species and 33 families. A variety of wintering, migratory, and breeding species were identified. The population includes several species of special conservation concern, such as endemic species, heritage species, species in decline, vulnerable species, endangered species and species at risk of extinction, in Morocco, in the Maghreb or in Europe. These ornithological findings underscore the significance of preserving and restoring these urban wetland environments. However, these ecosystems face a range of pressures, including urban development, climate change and anthropogenic activities.

Çocukların çevreye karşı olumlu tutum ve davranış geliştirmelerinde eğitimin rolü önemlidir. Çalışmanın amacı Türk eğitim sisteminde ilköğretimde 1968’den itibaren ayrı bir ders olarak yer alan sosyal bilgiler dersine ait öğretim programları ve bu programlara göre hazırlanan 4. sınıf ders kitaplarının çevre eğitimi açısından incelenmesidir. Nitel araştırma yaklaşımı kapsamında doküman analizi yöntemi ile desenlenen çalışmanın verileri, 1968, 1990, 1998, 2005 ve 2018 sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programları ve bu programlara göre hazırlanmış amaçlı örneklem yaklaşımıyla seçilen ders kitaplarından doküman incelenmesi yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Veriler, betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi yaklaşımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programlarının amaçlarında çevre eğitimine çevresel bilgi, çevreye verilen önem, çevrenin korunması ve çevrede yaşam hakkı kategorilerinde yer verildiği belirlenmiştir. Sosyal bilgiler ders kitaplarında çevre eğitimiyle ilişkili içerikler, çevresel bilgi, çevreyi koruma, çevreden faydalanma, çevre problemleri, yararlı çevre davranışı kazandırma ve canlı-çevre etkileşimi kategorilerinde toplanmıştır. Tarihsel süreçte sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programlarında ve ders kitaplarında çevresel bilgi kategorisi diğer kategorilere göre daha çok vurgulanmıştır. Bu bağlamda sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programı hazırlayıcıları ile ders kitabı yazarlarının programları ve ders kitaplarını çevre eğitiminin duyuşsal ve psikomotor boyutlarını daha fazla dikkate alarak düzenlemesi önerilmektedir.

The aim of this paper is to analyse different ways of measuring sustainability in architectural projects. Measuring the level of sustainability of a construction project is not easy to achieve particularly when trying to quantify qualitative data and determining the most effective indicators for measuring such projects as defined by various stakeholders can be a complex process. A solid basis for decision making at all levels of building design and planning has been taken into account in terms of identifying key sustainability indicators relating to building development. Indicators of sustainability are necessary in assessing building projects at various levels: regional, national and international, in order to carry out the most balanced evaluation of environmental, economical and social factors. Over the last ten years it has been increasingly important to understand the sustainability performance of buildings across a broader range of considerations. This has stimulated the development of a number of sustainability assessment tools that aim to encourage designers and planners to improve a building's performance. They aim to deliver objective measurements of a project's impact upon the sustainability, by taking in the three dimensions of environmental, social and economic measures. This paper attempts to define key indicators for sustainability assessment, and compares three separate methods for the sustainability assessment tools: the Green Building Challenge (GBC) assessment; Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM); and Sustainable Architecture Matrix (SAM). Such comparison is essential in order to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the various methods in order to allow for less subjective sustainability measurements.

The aim of this paper is to analyse different ways of measuring sustainability in architectural projects. Measuring the level of sustainability of a construction project is not easy to achieve particularly when trying to quantify qualitative data and determining the most effective indicators for measuring such projects as defined by various stakeholders can be a complex process. A solid basis for decision making at all levels of building design and planning has been taken into account in terms of identifying key sustainability indicators relating to building development. Indicators of sustainability are necessary in assessing building projects at various levels: regional, national and international, in order to carry out the most balanced evaluation of environmental, economical and social factors. Over the last ten years it has been increasingly important to understand the sustainability performance of buildings across a broader range of considerations. This has stimulated the devel...

The integration of technology into educational processes is considered a
natural fit, and both students and educators benefit significantly from
this fit (Luckin et al., 2016). The inclusion of artificial intelligence (AI)
techniques, especially machine learning (ML) methods, in the educational
process adds complementary value to the contributions educators make on a
daily basis (Montebello, 2017). These technologies aim to make the educational
process more efficient and at the same time increase student’s success rates by
adapting the learning experience to individual needs.
It has been seen that AI is used effectively in various fields to personalize
individual user (Cawsey, 2017). In education, this approach manifests itself in
the form of creating student’s learning profiles and personalizing their learning
processes (Brusilovsky & Milla, 2007). In this process, customized content
and materials are presented according to student’s learning styles, interests,
and needs (Montebello, 2014). However, one of the biggest challenges that
automatic profile creators face is the “cold start” problem, that is, the lack of
sufficient data at the beginning of the process (Ortega, 2012). Thus, educators
need pedagogical adaptation and professional development programs to learn
to use AI tools effectively (Davies, 2020). This problem can be overcome by
methods in which students clearly state their interests, needs, and learning
goals during registration (Montebello, 2019). The process that starts with this
information then continues with automatic profiling methods and the learning
environment, content and processes are dynamically customized according to
the individual needs of the student (Schiaffino & Amandi, 2009).

The study was conducted with aim of assessing milk marketing chain and its practice in Somali regional state of two selected zones. The research was applied both quantitative and qualitative methods to clarify concepts, characteristics, descriptions, counts. Data presented in the study are obtained from primary and secondary sources. Sample was taken from 10 purposely selected Kebeles (from two Woredas). Data was collected from 200 eligible households, 100 households from each Woredas, using questionnaires. Two (2) Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) [one from each woreda] and two (2) Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) from each woreda were conducted. The quantitative data from the household (HH) survey were analysed using simple descriptive analysis (statistics) like, frequency, percentages, mean value and standard division by using SPSS 23.0 and Microsoft Excel. The survey result revealed that the most of the respondents were Semi pastoralist that accounts 155(77.5%), while pure pastorali...

After 59 years of independence, and twenty years of uninterrupted civilian rule, Nigerians expected the principles of democracy and sustainable development to have been assimilated, particularly in the Niger Delta, but the optimism has unfortunately been misplaced due to bad governance that has „over consumption‟ of natural resources as its cardinal focus. As a result, this paper examines democracy and sustainable development underscoring the challenges and prospects in the Niger delta, and observing that democracy is at the defining moment in Nigeria. As worrisome as it is, the objectives are to: (i) examine why Nigeria as a country with large deposits of oil and other natural resources cannot maximize her potential for poverty reduction and human development. (ii) authenticate the extent to which democracy in Nigeria can guarantee sustainable development and (iii) recommend ways of making Nigeria‟s democracy, invariably lead to sustainable development. The theoretical framework fo...

Product distribution account for a significant portion of the logistical costs of a product. Distribution activities are repetitive in nature and they impact the delivery lead time to customers. A well designed supply chain network can substantially improve these costs and lead times. This paper presents a supply chain network design approach for distribution of petroleum products of a retailer by identifying the depot locations and gas station allocations. A heuristic procedure to solve large sized problems is also recommended. Finally, concluding remarks and recommendations for further research are presented.

This special issue explores the concept of "place-based just transitions" and its implications for both research and practice. Energy and environmental transitions are understood as complex and multi-dimensional processes, embedded in material, social, spatial, and political factors. It is crucial to consider how transition processes affect cities and regions differently, including distribution of costs and benefits, acknowledging the diversity of actors and interests at play, and the relations with environmental, spatial, and social justice. A place-based perspective is particularly relevant, as initial conditions vary greatly across territories and the mechanisms triggered by transition policies can differ significantly can lead to different outcomes. Given this context, several questions arise: what approaches enable just transitions in policies and practices? How can social and energy justice be operationalised? And how it can be spatialised and adapted to existing systems and infrastructures? And crucially, to what extent do local dynamics shape the social and political outcomes of transitions? This special issue of the European Journal of Spatial Development addresses these questions by shedding light on the spatial and socio-political dimensions of transitions in Southern Europe (including Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, among others), namely a region that remains underexplored in international research, despite its wealth of socially rooted practices, hybrid governance models, and complex institutional geographies.

Local government and administrative bodies: Local land administration and tenure rights. Land commissions: Land reform policies, managing public lands and formalising land rights. African Union (AU): AU Land Policy Initiative, supporting land reform across Africa. International development organisations: E.g. FAO, UNDP, and the World Bank, offering funding, guidance and capacity-building for land reform and agroecology. Agricultural and environmental research centres: Conduct studies on soil health, agroecology and land management. Universities and think tanks: Provide data, insights, and technical support for land reform and agroecological practices. Policy research institutes: Help inform government and CSO strategies on land tenure and agroecology.

s cierto que el asombroso desarrollo de los medios de difusión y de las tecnologías de la información supone, sin duda, notables ventajas y posibilidades para el avance del conocimiento, pero también, entraña ciertos riesgos y peligros. Uno de ellos es el de no poder asimilar adecuadamente la acelerada abundancia de información que sobre importantes acontecimientos nos proporcionan estos medios. Por eso conviene, una vez que los hechos se han dado, analizarlos críticamente y valorar, con estudio y reflexión más pausados, la enorme cantidad de datos que sobre ellos hemos recibido, contrastar tales informaciones, encuadrarlas en su realidad objetiva, extraer de ellas las conclusiones necesarias y formarnos así un juicio más completo, consistente, maduro y cierto sobre el asunto. Esto es lo que pretende hacer este trabajo cuando toma como objeto de investigación la Conferencia Mundial sobre las Mujeres, celebrada en la ciudad de Pekín, del 4 al 15 de septiembre del año 1995. La relevancia de este acontecimiento puede calibrarse analizando el impacto mediático que suscitó, sin precedentes en la historia de las Conferencias análogas celebradas hasta entonces. Su importancia proviene también de los avances objetivos que se dieron a partir de la Conferencia, el incremento del compromiso de la comunidad internacional en la potenciación del papel de la mujer -el llamado "empowerment"-y de la integración sistemática de la perspectiva de género en las políticas (lo que se denomina como "mainstream"). El hecho de que la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres tuviese cabida en la agenda de Naciones Unidas, ya no exclusivamente en el campo de las cuestiones específicas de la mujer sino que integrara las demás políticas sectoriales, demuestra que el "mainstreaming" se venía gestando tanto en las distintas agencias y organismos de la ONU como en los propios Gobiernos de sus Estados Miembros. Son asimismo indicativos de su magnitud la elevada participación de los gobiernos, la masiva concurrencia de personalidades y la asombrosa movilización de organizaciones no gubernamentales. Se reunieron en Pekín alrededor de 10.000 representantes oficiales de 189 gobiernos y, además, 35.000 personas del ámbito no gubernamental participaron en el Foro de ONG's que se celebró paralelamente a la reunión oficial. Y, para nuestro ámbito nacional, el hecho de que España asistiera como portavoz de la Unión Europea. Obviamente, la información dada sobre este evento fue entonces rápida y abundante, lo que quizás impidió en su momento una más detenida y serena reflexión.

In search for equity at the Rio summit, it was suggested that in case of pollution or any other environmentally negative effect, the costs are inflicted on the responsible agents to pay for the rectification. The Polluter Pay Principle (PPP) has since then been touted as a useful environmental management tool that makes provisions for innovative penalties seeking to place

This article aims to present a proposal for strategies that will enable Brazil to counter economic and military threats from the United States government. The Brazilian government is currently facing economic pressure and military threats from the United States under the Trump administration. To effectively defend Brazil's national sovereignty and strategic interests, it is crucial to adopt multifaceted strategies that combine strengthening international alliances and diversifying partnerships, a firm and sovereign diplomatic response, economic and industrial protection, strengthening institutional and democratic cohesion, strengthening national defense, and anti-imperialist social and political mobilization.By prioritizing alternative global alliances, strengthening democratic institutions, and mobilizing Brazilian society, Brazil can transform the current crisis into an opportunity to strengthen the national economy and consolidate its sovereignty and geopolitical role. The anti-imperialist struggle is not only about resisting Trump, but above all about building a national project of fair and independent development. Some of the strategies described above are being implemented by the Lula administration. These strategies need to be complemented by those proposed here.

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar proposta de estratégias que permitam ao Brasil fazer frente às ameaças econômicas e militares do governo dos Estados Unidos. O governo brasileiro enfrenta atualmente pressões econômicas e ameaças militares por parte dos Estados Unidos sob a administração Trump. Para defender eficazmente a soberania nacional e os interesses estratégicos do Brasil, é crucial adotar estratégias multifacetadas que combinem fortalecimento de alianças internacionais e diversificação de parcerias, resposta diplomática firme e soberana, proteção econômica e industrial, reforço da coesão institucional e democrática, fortalecimento da defesa nacional e mobilização social e política anti-imperialista. Ao priorizar alianças globais alternativas, fortalecer instituições democráticas e mobilizar a sociedade brasileira, o Brasil poderá transformar a crise atual em oportunidade para fortalecer a economia nacional e consolidar sua soberania e papel geopolítico. A luta anti-imperialista não é apenas para resistir a Trump, mas sobretudo para construir um projeto nacional de desenvolvimento justo e independente. Algumas das estratégias acima descritas estão sendo postas em prática pelo governo Lula. Estas estratégias precisam ser complementadas com aquelas aqui propostas.

Academic discussions vis-á-vis natural disasters, that are armed with the potential to kill, traumatize, damage, and destroy, hence dreadful, normally exclude volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunami, as they are unrelated to atmosphere. All remaining disasters such as unusual rainfall, cloudbursts, blizzards, snowstorms, windstorms, hurricanes or tornadoes, floods, glacial-outburst floods, wet or dry mass movements, and last but not the least important droughts are atmospheric and hydrological in nature.

Розглядаються спеціальні принципи міжнародного екологічного права, виявлено взаємозалежність загальних принципів міжнародного права, спеціальних принципів міжнародного екологічного права та принципів міжнародного економічного права.Рассматриваются специальные принципы международного экологического права, выявлено взаимозависимость общих принципов международного права, специальных принципов международного экологического права и принципов международного экономического права.Special principles of international environmental law are considered, the interdependence of general principles of international law, special principles of international environmental law and principles of international economic law is revealed

The African continent is at a turning point, moving from unfulfilled development potential towards sustainable agricultural intensification, which must accompany and drive economic growth to alleviate poverty and improve food security. • African agriculture is heterogeneous and dynamic. Investing in sustainable agricultural intensification requires a framework to differentiate and target different investments responsive to the needs of different farming system. Each of the 15 broad farming systems in Africa comprises millions of farm households with similar livelihood patterns and broadly similar development opportunities. • Seven drivers operating in various combinations shape the trends and development options for each farm household and the different strategic interventions for each farming system. • Farming systems analysis can contribute to broad-based transformation and improved food and nutrition security in several ways. Because most food insecure and hungry people reside in rural areas, effective food systems must be based on productive and resilient farming systems that integrate food consumption and production decisions, maintain diverse local diets to reduce malnutrition, yet also facilitate improved production and trading with wider markets. • Farming system intensification tailored to local resources, crops and livestock will generally increase farm labour productivity and reduce poverty. Rural poverty reduction strategies for job creation, gender empowerment and youth entrepreneurship should reflect different livelihood patterns in each farming system. • Analysis of farming systems, including forward and backward linkages and value-addition, can focus investments on bundles of commodities, food processing and agribusiness potential, which improve food and nutrition security for consumers and producers. • Livelihood systems in Africa are highly vulnerable to shocks, including market volatility, climate variability and climate change. Systematic analysis of farming systems can facilitate the identification of policies and investments that target the development of sustainable and resilient farming systems.

Table 2. Methane fuels in the study. "Methane fuels" Fossil Remark Biogas -Sewage sludge No Used as a component in a biogas mix. No Used as a component in a biogas mix. No Used as a component in a biogas mix. No Used as a component in a biogas mix. No Used as a component in a biogas mix. Except for the fuel products/components listed in Table and, the database also contains the ethanol data sets presented in Table . Table . Ethanol data sets included in the study. No Used in the LCA modelling of ED95 -Sugar cane. No Used in the LCA modelling of ED95 -Wheat. No Just published in the database since it was available.

The year 2014 represents the 50-year anniversary of the introduction of the binary system of education in Australia. Using history as a policy tool, [the author] looks back at the binary system as well as its demise with the Dawkins reforms of the late 1980s to uncover the lessons learned. Four main issues are identified as enduring problems for tertiary education: the diversity and parity of esteem between the various elements of the tertiary education sector; the pathways within education and to the labour market; the place of research in mass tertiary education; and governance and autonomy.

This paper examines the health benefits and environmental sustainability of storing and consuming drinking water in clay pots, an ancient practice experiencing renewed interest in modern times. Through analysis of scientific literature, this study demonstrates that clay pot water storage offers significant advantages over conventional plastic bottles and modern storage methods. Clay pots provide natural cooling, water purification, mineral enrichment, and pH alkalization while maintaining zero environmental impact through biodegradable materials and energy-free operation. The research reveals that clay stored water can improve hydration quality, support digestive health and contribute to sustainable living practices without compromising water safety standards.

At the Conrad N. Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management at the University of Houston (Texas), the faculty and administrators made a conscious effort to take a broad, extensive approach to designing and implementing a fully online masters program. This approach was entered in a comprehensive needs assessment model and sought input from students, faculty, industry leaders, technical specialists, and other stakeholders. In addition to focus groups of students and industry professionals who might be expected to hire program graduates, a Delphi process was developed and used with college faculty and administrators as a key element for the clarification of goals, expectations, and objectives for the entire program, courses, and student competencies. (Contains 13 references.) (MES) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.

An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary chamomile ( Matricaria recutita ) aqueous extract (CAE) on growth performance and antioxidant status of zebra fish, Danio rerio . Fish (initial weight of 0.20±0.02 g) were stocked at 12 tanks (50 fish per tank) and fed with a basal diet (32% protein and 8% lipid) supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1, and 2% CAE in triplicate groups for 8 weeks. The results showed that fish fed 2% CAE had a significantly higher growth and biomass gain compared to the control group ( P &lt;0.05). Condition factor had a significant increase in 2% CAE treatment compared with other treatments ( P &lt;0.05). There were no significant differences in catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activity amongst treatments ( P &lt;0.05). Finally, it seems the use of a 0.5-2.0% CAE can be effective in improving the growth and antioxidant system of zebra fish, D. rerio.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

A Unidade Militar (UM) desenvolveu e implementou o Sistema Integrado de Gestão Ambiental e de Gestão Florestal Sustentável (SIGAGFS) com o propósito de conciliar a atividade operacional desenvolvida nestas instalações, a qual envolve exercícios militares com armamento pesado, e a sustentabilidade ecológica. O SIGAGFS mantém-se ativo desde 2010 e a sua gestão é da responsabilidade do Gabinete de Qualidade e Ambiente (GQA), o qual coordena a implementação das medidas e boas práticas que fazem parte deste sistema. O GQA é também responsável pela realização de ações de formação e de sensibilização e de auditorias. O SIGAGFS resulta de um empenho contínuo e meticuloso e tem como um dos seus principais pilares a sua contínua melhoria. Este projeto visou a avaliação do SIGAGFS desde a sua implementação, em 2010 até 2015. Assim, ao longo destes seis anos foram monitorizados os consumos mensais e anuais de água potável, energia elétrica, gás propano e resmas de papel da UM, de forma a invest...

Subalpine forests in the Alps are vulnerable ecosystems and valuable supplies of water for environment. Coniferous forests are sensitive to the climate changes and human interventions. Although several water balance components have been assessed in earlier research, nothing is known about the frequency and impact of fog on the water balance. This article presents the results of the investigation carried out in subalpine coniferous forests of northen Italy. The aim is to determine the hydrological balance of the area and evaluate the significance of fog occurrence in forests dominated by spruce (Picea abies) and Swiss stone pines (Pinus cembra), as well as Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European rowan (Sorbus aucuparia). Methods include water outflow, fog interception, and eddy covariance (EC) techniques for measuring evapotranspiration. The workdlow included ioperation with tree transpiration sensors, phenocam pictures, throughfall and stemflow gauges, water discharge measurements, soil moisture sensors, and epiphyte quantification. These methods were used to monitor dense, old-growth coniferous forest (>200 years old trees) as well as young trees (< 30 years). The study shown that fog plays a significant influence in the water balance of temperate, coniferous mountain forests. Besides, precipitation interception and evapotranspiration partitioning vary with forest age.

This research focuses on the impact of Gurara Dam on land cover in the surrounding communities of Kaduna state Nigeria. The aim of the study is to assess changes land cover condition in communities surrounding Gurara Dam as a result of the Dam construction. This was achieved by analysing the land cover changes between pre-dam (2000) and the post-dam (2013) in terms of spatial extent and percentage coverage.To assess the impact, Landsat (ETM, TM and MSS) covering the area for 2000 (pre-dam period) and 2013 (post-dam period) was obtained. To interpret and verify the accuracy of the satellite imagery; ground truth observation was conducted on the land cover of the study area. Using ArcGIS 10.0 and AutoCAD Map 2013 software, different image processing techniques and analysis were undertaken to produce land cover maps of the study area for pre-dam and post dam period. The extent of area coverage of each land use/land cover was calculated in hectares and express in percentages. The study ...

Climate change is one of the main challenges facing many countries, particularly developing countries, because of its negative impact on their various ecosystems and their socio-economic development, which very often leads them down a slow descent into poverty. This is because climate change can manifest itself in different forms such as climate variability and extreme events (droughts, epidemics, floods, storms and hurricanes), which can affect biodiversity and cause many human and animal diseases and deaths. In fact, the evolution of ecosystems is dependent on climate and environmental change and appears to be closely associated with many emerging or re-emerging diseases. In general, the ecosystems considered to be most exposed to climate change are those located in and around the intertropical convergence zone in particular. They are believed to be closely linked to the occurrence of several emerging diseases, particularly vector-borne diseases. For years, the Republic of Haiti h...

This article describes the role of Debt and Corporate Social Responsibility Activity on increasing Corporate Value and does debt as a control mechanism has a role in mediating the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility Activity in increasing Corporate Value as a monitoring mechanism. So, that CSR activities carried out by companies are not only as green washing, which is carried out as a form of opportunistic behavior from managers, but also activities. CSR through disclosure of SR is carried out solely to fulfill stakeholder interests and increase company and value Socially responsible and expected to improve the company's image. This research comprises companies ranked I on the LQ45 Stock Exchange Index on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the period from 2016 to 2019. The population that meets the criteria following purposive sampling is determined in this study as many as 164 samples. New research result development Debt acts as a mediator in the relationship between the Corporate Social Responsibility Activity and the Corporate Value. It can help the company develop strategies that support CSR activities that may improve the company's image in the market. Besides, this research also assists decision-makers and strategic planning in developing various policies that will contribute to the company's survival.