Journalism Studies

पिछले दो दशकों के दौरान भारत में टेलीविजन पत्रकारिता में जबरदस्त विस्तार हुआ है। राष्ट्रीय समाचार चैनलों के बाद क्षेत्रीय स्तर पर भी चैनलों का राज्यवार एवं भाषावार विस्तार हुआ है। ये विस्तार केवल समाचार चैनलों की संख्या में ही नहीं बल्कि उनके निरंतर बदलते स्वरूप, प्रस्तुति के अंदाज एवं पहुंच के नये आयाम में भी हुआ है। क्षेत्रीय भाषाओं में समाचार चैनलों के आने के बाद ग्रामीण और कस्बाई क्षेत्रों की छोटी-छोटी घटनाएँ भी अब टेलीविजन पर कवर की जाने लगी हैं। इस विस्तार में बड़ा योगदान डिजीटल तकनीक का भी रहा है। जिस कारण अब समाचार चैनल चलाना पहले की तुलना में काफी आसान और सस्ता बन गया है।

परिणामस्वरूप देश में टेलीविजन पत्रकारिता शिक्षण में भी विस्तार हुआ। अब प्रत्येक केन्द्रीय, राज्य एवं निजी विश्वविद्यालय में मीडिया संबंधी पाठ्यक्रम चलाये जा रहे हैं। इन पाठ्यक्रमों में टेलीविजन और डिजीटल मीडिया पर विशेष जोर रहता है। डिजीटल प्रसार के साथ-साथ भारत स्मार्टफोन क्रांति का साक्षी भी बना है। डेटा दरें सस्ती होने के कारण अब आम दर्शक ढेर सारा कंटेंट यूट्यूब व अन्य डिजीटल मंचों पर देख रहे हैं। लगभग सभी टेलीविजन समाचार चैनल भी अपना कंटेंट यूट्यूब पर स्ट्रीम कर रहे हैं। यही नहीं, फेसबुक, एक्स व इंस्टाग्राम जैसे लोकप्रिय सोशल मीडिया प्लेटफोर्म पर भी उनकी मौजूदगी है। नयी पीढ़ी के मन के किसी कोने में टेलीविजन एंकर या रिपोर्टर बनने का सपना विद्यमान है। यही कारण है कि अपने स्मार्टफोन की मदद से युवा अपने आसपास के वीडियो बनाकर यदा-कदा सोशल मीडिया पर भी साझा करते हैं। अपने यूट्यूब चैनल चलाकर अनेक दर्शकों ने तो आसपास के इलाके में काफी लोकप्रियता भी अर्जित कर ली है और अब वे इस माध्यम से अपनी आजीविका कमा रहे हैं।

भारतीय भाषाओं में मीडिया संबंधी स्तरीय पुस्तकों का अभाव आरंभ से रहा है। कुछ अरसे पहले तक बाज़ार में टेलीविजन पर केवल अंग्रेजी में पुस्तकें उपलब्ध थीं। लेकिन अब हिंदी में आकर्षक कवर और शीर्षक वाली ढेर सारी पुस्तकें बाज़ार में उपलब्ध हैं। इसके बावजूद, इन पुस्तकों को खरीदने और पढ़ने के बाद मीडिया छात्रों को निराशा ही हाथ लगती है। दरअसल, टेलीविजन पत्रकारिता की पेशेगत बारीकियों से परिचित करवाने वाली पाठ्यक्रम आधारित हिन्दी पुस्तक की आज भी बाज़ार में कमी है।

पिछले ढाई दशकों में टेलीविजन पत्रकारिता के पेशे और शिक्षण के अनुभव के आधार पर हम ये कह सकते हैं कि पत्रकारिता के पेशे और इसके शिक्षण के बीच एक लंबा फासला आज भी निरंतर बना हुआ है। टेलीविजन चैनलों और शिक्षण संस्थानों के बीच जीवंत आदान-प्रदान के लिए एक सेतु बनाने की आवश्यकता आज पहले से कहीं अधिक महसूस की जा रही है। अधिकांश टेलीविजन पत्रकार अपने पेशे में इतने व्यस्त हैं कि अनुभवों को पुस्तक का रूप देने की उनसे उम्मीद करना बेमानी है और वहीं अधिकांश शिक्षक एवं पेशेवर लेखक ऐसे हैं जिन्होंने टेलीविजन में या तो कभी काम ही नहीं किया है। या फिर टेलीविजन समाचार चैनलों की कार्यप्रणाली को सीधा देखने का उनका अनुभव ना के बराबर है। नतीजा ये निकलता है कि टेलीविजन पत्रकारिता पर लिखी अधिकांश पुस्तकें बेजान और नीरस-सी लगती हैं।

टेलीविजन पत्रकारिता -स्क्रिप्टिंग, रिपोर्टिंग और एंकरिंग नामक ये पुस्तक छात्रों को पाठ्यक्रम के अनुरूप सटीक सामग्री उपलब्ध कराने का हमारा एक विनम्र प्रयास है।
Pages - 260, Price - Rs. 899/- (Hard Bound), Rs. 399/-

Langit tampak biasa-biru kusam yang diliputi debu, dengan awan yang tak lagi berarak bebas sebagaimana dulu. Namun ruh Kael bergetar, seakan ada sesuatu yang hendak menyampaikan pesan dari kedalaman bumi. Sudah tiga malam berturut-turut ia tidak bisa tidur. Bukan karena rasa takut, melainkan karena ada suara samar yang menembus batinnya. Suara itu bukan kata-kata, bukan pula bisikan seperti manusia berbicara, tetapi semacam frekuensi-getaran yang langsung merambat ke dadanya. "Ingatlah janjimu… sebelum engkau ditiupkan ke rahim dunia." Kael menggigil. Kata-kata itu bukan berasal dari luar dirinya, melainkan muncul dari kedalaman kesadarannya sendiri. Ia berdiri di tengah lembah yang tak bertuan: reruntuhan menara komunikasi yang dulu pernah dipenuhi cahaya listrik kini tinggal kerangka besi yang bengkok, berkarat, dan tertutup lumut. Padang terbuka di sekitarnya membentang luas, seolah bumi sedang menahan napas, menunggu sesuatu yang besar segera terjadi. Dalam keheningan itu, Kael duduk bersila di atas tanah. Ia memejamkan mata, menarik napas panjang, lalu membiarkan pikirannya hening. Pada saat itulah suara itu kembali datang, lebih jelas, lebih dalam: "Makhluk bukan hanya yang tampak di mata… Kami adalah saksi-saksi langit, yang dikurung di dalam bumi menunggu pembebasan ruhani." Kael membuka matanya, tetapi tidak ada seorang pun di sekitarnya. Hanya angin yang berhembus membawa debu kering. Suara itu terdengar lagi: "Fitnah besar sedang naik. Apa yang engkau sebut 'kemajuan' bukanlah cahaya, melainkan Dajjal yang mengenakan topeng digital dan robotik." Kael menunduk. Ia tahu, dunia modern yang pernah ia kenal bukanlah surga, melainkan penjara dengan dinding transparan. Ilusi tentang kebebasan, padahal manusia sudah kehilangan akarnya: dzikir dan pengenalan kepada Sang Pencipta. Sejenak Kael teringat pada firman Allah: "Alastu birabbikum? Qālū balā." (Bukankah Aku Tuhanmu? Mereka menjawab: Benar, kami bersaksi…) (QS. Al-A'raf: 172) Itulah titik awal seluruh ruh. Sebelum lahir ke dunia, sebelum mengenal nama, bangsa, bahkan tubuh, setiap jiwa pernah berdiri di hadapan Allah, bersaksi bahwa hanya Dia-lah Tuhan yang sejati. Kini Kael tahu, suara itu sedang memanggilnya kembali ke titik janji itu. Sebuah titik yang tidak bisa dicapai dengan berjalan kaki, tidak bisa ditemukan dengan peta dunia, tetapi hanya bisa ditembus dengan makrifatullah-kesadaran untuk mengenal Allah melalui ruh yang murni. Langkah Kael membawanya lebih jauh ke sebuah dataran sunyi. Tak ada kota, tak ada manusia, hanya hamparan tanah yang terasa hidup. Ia menunduk, menyentuh bumi dengan telapak tangannya, dan merasakan getaran halus yang seperti aliran darah. "Pada hari itu bumi menceritakan beritanya…" (QS. Az-Zalzalah: 4) Kael tertegun. Bumi bukanlah benda mati. Bumi adalah saksi. Setiap langkah manusia, setiap sujud, setiap dosa, setiap amal-semuanya direkam. Dan suatu hari, bumi sendiri akan bersaksi di hadapan Sang Pencipta. Kael akhirnya menyadari: makrifat bukanlah ilmu tinggi yang hanya dimiliki oleh para ulama atau orang-orang khusus. Makrifat adalah ruh yang kembali ingat pada janji aslinya. Malam itu, Kael duduk di antara reruntuhan menara komunikasi yang sunyi. Ia memandang ke arah langit yang penuh bintang, namun baginya bintang-bintang itu tidak lagi sekadar cahaya. Ia melihatnya sebagai tanda-tanda: bukti bahwa di balik segala kegelapan, ada cahaya yang tak pernah padam. "Jika fitnah Dajjal adalah ilusi terbesar akhir zaman," gumam Kael, "maka satu-satunya jalan selamat adalah cahaya yang datang dari dalam ruh. Bukan cahaya layar, bukan cahaya mesin, melainkan cahaya makrifatullah." Dengan kesadaran itu, Kael mulai melantunkan dzikir perlahan. Lidahnya bergerak, namun yang lebih dalam adalah hati yang bergetar menyebut nama Allah. Saat itulah ia merasakan bumi bergetar ringan, seolah merespons dzikirnya. Malam semakin dalam. Angin kering berhembus membawa aroma tanah yang retak. Di kejauhan, Kael melihat bayangan pegunungan yang hitam pekat, seolah menjadi dinding raksasa yang membatasi dunia. Ia berjalan perlahan, menyusuri jalan yang sudah lama ditinggalkan. Rumput liar tumbuh di celah aspal yang retak, tanda bahwa peradaban manusia sudah ditelan bumi. Kael merasakan kesepian yang menakutkan sekaligus menenangkan. Ia sendirian, namun tidak benar-benar sendiri. Ada suara-suara samar yang mengiringi langkahnya. Bukan suara manusia, melainkan gema ruh yang pernah ada sebelum tubuh diciptakan. "Kael… engkau dipanggil bukan untuk melihat, tapi untuk ingat. Ingat asalmu, ingat janjimu, ingat siapa Tuhanmu." Kael berhenti melangkah. Dadanya sesak. Ia menunduk, meraba tanah dengan jarinya, seakan ingin memastikan bumi benar-benar berbicara padanya. Dalam keheningan itu, tiba-tiba dadanya terasa panas. Bukan panas fisik, melainkan api kesadaran. Seperti ada sesuatu yang terbakar di dalam dirinya-lapisan ego, rasa takut, dan ilusi yang selama ini ia kumpulkan. Ia menutup mata, mencoba menenangkan diri. Namun semakin ia melawan, semakin kuat api itu berkobar. Sampai akhirnya ia pasrah, membiarkan api itu membakar habis semua lapisan batin yang palsu. Di tengah kobaran itu, ia mendengar kalimat yang menembus batinnya: "Fitnah terbesar bukan datang dari luar… tetapi dari dirimu sendiri, ketika engkau lupa bahwa engkau adalah cahaya dari Allah." Air mata Kael menetes. Ia sadar, selama ini ia sering mencari cahaya di luar: pada teknologi, pada ilmu, pada simbol-simbol modernitas. Padahal cahaya itu selalu ada di dalam dirinyatertutup oleh debu dosa dan kabut kelalaian. Langkah Kael membawanya ke sebuah padang luas, dataran yang seakan tidak berujung. Langit di atasnya terlihat rendah, seperti kubah yang menekan bumi. Di tempat itulah Kael merasa seluruh semesta sedang mengamatinya. Kalimat itu berputar di dalam kepalanya, menyatu dengan degup jantungnya. Ia mulai berjalan tanpa arah pasti, hanya mengikuti suara batin yang membimbingnya. Tiba-tiba, bumi bergetar halus. Tidak seperti gempa, melainkan getaran yang lembut, seolah bumi sedang bernapas. Kael berhenti, lalu berlutut. "Bumi ini hidup," gumamnya. "Ia menyimpan rahasia, ia menyimpan kesaksian…" Di kejauhan, Kael melihat sebuah pohon tua berdiri sendirian. Batangnya besar, kulitnya retak-retak, dan cabangnya menjulang seperti tangan yang berdoa ke langit. Ia berjalan mendekat, dan ketika sampai di bawah pohon itu, ia merasakan keheningan yang berbeda. Daun-daun pohon itu berdesir, meski angin tak bertiup. Dari batangnya, terdengar suara samar: "Kael… setiap ruh pernah bersaksi di hadapan-Nya. Dan bumi inilah yang menjadi saksi atas semua janji itu." Kael meletakkan telapak tangannya di batang pohon. Seketika ia melihat kilasan-kilasan masa lalu: manusia-manusia yang sujud, para nabi yang berdiri di tanah yang sama, suarasuara yang menggemakan "Qālu balā". Ia terhuyung, hampir jatuh. Tapi pohon itu seolah menahannya. Malam semakin larut. Kael menengadah ke langit. Bintang-bintang berkelip, namun satu bintang tampak berbeda: cahayanya lebih terang, lebih dekat, seakan sedang turun perlahan. Kael memejamkan mata, dan dalam batinnya ia mendengar: "Cahaya itu bukan bintang. Itu adalah ingatanmu sendiri yang sedang kembali." Tiba-tiba ia teringat ayat: "Dan bumi pun bersaksi… bahwa hanya ruh yang mengenal Tuhan yang akan selamat dari fitnah terakhir." Kael menangis tanpa suara. Ia tahu, perjalanan ini bukan sekadar perjalanan jasmani. Ini adalah perjalanan untuk mengingat. Perjalanan untuk menemukan kembali kunci makrifatullah yang telah lama terkunci di dalam ruhnya. Langkah Kael membawa dirinya semakin jauh dari padang sunyi. Dalam keremangan malam, ia melihat siluet bangunan yang setengah roboh. Kubahnya pecah, dindingnya retak, dan menaranya condong ke satu sisi, seolah hendak jatuh. Ia mendekat perlahan, dan saat cahaya bulan menyinari, ia sadar: itu adalah sebuah masjid tua. Kael menahan napas. Masjid itu dulunya pasti megah. Namun kini, lantainya dipenuhi debu, karpetnya hilang, mihrabnya retak. Meski begitu, ada sesuatu yang tidak hancur: suasana sakral yang masih melekat. Ia melangkah masuk. Setiap langkah kakinya menimbulkan gema di ruangan kosong itu. Membersihkan sumber dosa (lahir & batin). Tanda: kejujuran pada aib diri, bukan sibuk aib orang. Menjaga yang syubhat; memegang dunia di tangan, bukan di hati. Stabil pada nikmat-sulit; naik turun emosi tidak mengoyak prinsip. Ikhtiar penuh, pasrah hasil. Ridha mengubahkan "beban" jadi "amanah". Cinta & keakraban kepada Allah; dzikir menjadi "napas batin". Penyaksian maknawi-bukan melihat zat-bahwa segala sesuatu bi idznillah. Ini tidak spektakuler; justru melahirkan tawadhu' yang halus. Catatan: Jalan ini berulang; seorang salik bisa kembali ke awal untuk dipadatkan lagiseperti menempa pedang berkali-kali agar lentur namun tajam.  Tenang tapi tajam: damai secara batin, waspada secara akal.  Lugas & adil: tidak mudah terpancing sensasi; menimbang dengan nurani & nash.  Sedikit bicara, banyak hadir: tidak anti-dunia, tapi tidak diperbudak dunia.  Dzikirnya hidup: bukan hanya lafaz; ia menjadi "gelombang batin" yang memancar dalam akhlak.  Teguh di tengah arus: tidak gampang ikut-ikutan; karena kompasnya dalam bukan di luar. Narasi Jilid IX menekankan fitnah sistemik: kemajuan berwajah ilusi-"cahaya" buatan yang memukau indera namun memadamkan hati: glorifikasi layar, metaverse, transhumanisme, "mesias" digital, dan ide keabadian berbasis server KAEL VERIDIAN JILID IX . Sasarannya: memindahkan pusat eksistensi dari ruh ke data, dari dzikir ke sinyal. Makrifat adalah "firewall" batin: Di titik itu, tidak ada lagi Kael, tidak ada lagi perjalanan. Yang ada hanyalah Allah -Al-Haqq, Al-Nūr, Al-Baqī. ✨ 7. Penutup Agung Kisah Kael berakhir bukan dengan kematian, bukan dengan kemenangan perang, bukan dengan mahkota, tetapi dengan fana dalam cahaya.  Semua bab hanyalah jalan.  Semua tokoh hanyalah cermin.  Semua kisah hanyalah perantara. Akhir sejati adalah kembali. Kembali ke Sumber. Kembali ke Allah. 🌟 TAMAT 🌟 Kembali ke...

reputation-and-accountability-where-are-the-checks-and-balances-with-socialmedia/ How have changes in the media landscape have affected the practice of reputation management? Public Relations Executive Tim Burt says that the proliferation of social media has greatly limited the amount of editorial control that can be exercised over the dissemination of information. Burt argues that social media have eroded the system of "checks and balances" that historically governed the reporting process, a development that has (unsurprisingly) led to high levels of anxiety among CEOs. It has made it more difficult for Burt to manage the reputations of his corporate clientele, but he is also cautiously optimistic regarding how a diffuse media environment might increase democratic accountability. Polis Intern Kyle Bowen takes up some of the issues that emerged from the latest Polis Media Agenda Talk. The U.S. budget issue, the future of media regulation in this country, the rise of the BRICs, and particularly China. Will China as a marketplace compensate for the stuttering growth that we're seeing in the US and Europe?

Journalism is ripe with recurrent content that follows broader natural, cultural and social rhythms. Taking our departure in the concept of seasonal journalism, we conduct an exploratory case study of how Danish news media from 1849 to 2023 have covered the annual coming into leaf of beech trees. Based on a range of examples we argue that such quickly produced, and partly recycled material, serves critical cultural and social functions. In particular, seasonal journalism maintains national and local identities, fosters a collective sense of time and place, provides a space for the negotiation of continuity and change in relation to memory and data, not least as seasons have become less predictable and as such show how journalism negotiate shifting human-nature relations. Following this, the article argues for incorporating seasonality more widely in both media and journalism studies and as such draw on insights from environmental communication and environmental humanities. This can, we argue, help reveal nuances about how different media forms may connect audiences to climate change through locally resonant, seasonal narratives.

declaração do cartunista Art Spiegelman, autor do célebre Maus, promove um duplo movimento -se por um lado, aborda uma desconfiança que perturba os sistemas de crença da visualidade da notícia (em especial na relação entre tecnologias de produção da imagem e seu estatuto de documento), por outro, sugere espaço para uma abertura ao reivindicar um certo percurso de retorno aos atravessamentos entre arte e jornalismo, algo que vem amadurecendo de maneira pulsante nas últimas décadas 1 . Considerando esse crescente espaço de circulação ocupado pela figura do repórter-artista em veículos noticiosos, este artigo debruça-se sobre os efeitos poéticos da imagem desenhada no jornalismo gráfico (em contraponto com a imagem técnica). Pretende-se iluminar o campo do jornalismo visual a partir de um movimento interdisciplinar que mobiliza um cruzamento de fronteiras disciplinares que Mieke Bal chama de "conceitos em trânsito" (2002). O objetivo é apresentar uma matriz conceitual já bastante explorada no mundo dos quadrinhos -o conceito de grafiação (Marion, 1993) -no contexto do jornalismo visual 2 . Para isso, iremos observar os trabalhos de quatro autoras com forte atuação em grandes veículos Em um mundo onde o Photoshop desbancou a fotografia como mentirosa, é possível permitir aos artistas que retornem às suas funções originais -como repórteres.

Primera parte. De disciplinas y metodologías [41] Un acercamiento a las estrategias metodológicas CLAUDIA GAMIÑO ESTRADA 1 Al presentar un trabajo académico pocas veces se muestra el proceso que ha llevado el investigador en la conclusión del mismo. Difícilmente podemos acceder a las problemáticas a las que se ha enfrentado en la construcción del conocimiento, difícilmente encontramos textos en los que se presenten las estrategias teórico-metodológicas, el trato de las fuentes y su análisis en la recta final. Plantear un hilo conductor en esta introducción de la primera parte de esta obra, de los temas que abarca la sección y las estrategias para abordar, en problemáticas y temas tan diversos, resulta una acción compleja, pero enriquecedora, si consideramos que las experiencias de los otros nos permiten reflexionar sobre el trabajo propio de investigación. La arqueología, la antropología, la historia, la sociología, los estudios de género, la historia oral y la psicología, se conjugan para plantearnos los entramados que nos permitan observar cómo es que las autoras y autores llegaron a sus conclusiones, pero sobre todo el proceso por el cual transitaron para llegar a su fin. Es así como la interdisciplinariedad también está presente, convirtiendo el

This study aims to identify and tell stories of journalists who have found alternatives so as to practice their profession outside the newsrooms of traditional media vehicles. In this regard, it makes an account of the profissionalization process of such journalists, as well as discusses the academic education and the job market in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Thereafter, it reports the stories of and compares similar and diverse aspects in the paths of journalists Julio Ribeiro, José Aveline Neto and Rosina Duarte.

The past, like the future, is indefinite and exists only as a spectrum of possibilities -Stephen Hawking For the past decades, scholars, journalists and the news industry have pondered "the future of journalism." As the industry continues to undergo unprecedented turmoil around the world, journalists, industry leaders, and scholars have discussed current trends, with an eye on the future amid generally grim news (

The professional practices of Argentine journalists reveal the multiplicity of factors that impact journalistic culture. The results of the national study for the global project Worlds of Journalism offers evidence that the type of media organization in which journalists work does not generate different working conditions or respond to alternative professional models. The results reinforce the approach that the professional culture is the result of the interaction between personal values and the guidelines of organizations and companies. In this sense, the study of the professional culture of journalism needs to be approached from a multidimensional perspective that includes the study of legal frameworks, trade union protection, organizational guidelines and accepted ethical parameters.As práticas profissionais dos jornalistas argentinos mostram a diversidade de fatores que impactam na cultura jornalística. Os dados nacionais da pesquisa como parte do projeto global Worlds of Journa...

The discourse of European intellectuals on the mission of an intellectual, an artist in public life of Europe is analyzed in the paper. Axiological dimension of the prominent Ukrainian culture figure I. Ya. Franko public activity is outlined in such context. The author concludes that Franko, surpassing his time, exactly realized in his life the idea of political engagement of an artist.

In Yoruba traditional society, the Iyalode was a powerful figure who
coordinated the activities of women in all aspects, especially on trade and
commerce. While notable Iyalode in Yoruba history, such as Efunroye Tinubu, the Iyalode of Egbaland and Lagos, Efunsetan Aniwura in Ibadan, and Alimotu Pelewura, the Iyalode of Lagos Market Women's Association, have been adequately studied by scholars, the Iyalode in the Ikorodu community of Lagos, have not received adequate scholarly attention in spite of their contributions to the economic development of Lagos. In the body of the literature on the economic history of Lagos, there has been no comprehensive study on Victoria Efundeinde Shonubi, the first Iyalode of Ikorodu and Iyalode Patricia Efun, her successor both of whom played critical roles that shaped the economic history of Ikorodu in particular and Lagos in general during and after the colonial administration. Based on this premise, this paper examines the contributions of Iyalode Shonubi and Iyalode Efun of Ikorodu to the economic dynamics of Ikorodu in particular and Lagos in general from 1929 to 1971. The paper adopts
historical narrative as it relies essentially on archival records and field
interviews.

A partir das enchentes ocorridas no Rio Grande do Sul no mês de maio de 2024, este texto busca discutir o papel a narrativa jornalística frente as produções discursivas, especialmente as imagéticas, dos atores sociais. Considerando as lógicas de midiatização entranhadas na sociedade, evidenciam-se práticas sociais de agenciamento da circulação midiática. Tais agenciamentos dão a ver a perda do espaço das mediações jornalísticas para as elaborações testemunhais das próprias vítimas do desastre. Ante o exposto, buscamos identificar e descrever tentativamente neste artigo operações de produção de sentido, dentre as quais destacamos: a) o enquadramento estésico; b) o registro mnemônico da experiência.

Este artigo parte de um projeto de pesquisa de doutorado em jornalismo em que se pretende desenvolver um estudo que reflete sobre as contradições do jornalismo esportivo, sobretudo o que trata de futebol, enquanto área menor. A questão central procura compreender de que forma o discurso de jornalistas esportivos brasileiros tensiona contradições do campo como uma área menor, sui generis ou não-jornalística. A direção metodológica considera a perspectiva que jornalistas esportivos brasileiros têm de si e do campo, por meio de uma análise de discurso de perspectiva francesa a ser feita após a realização de entrevistas em profundidade, para que pensem sobre as contradições desta pequena área da imprensa brasileira. Como um estudo a ser construído, espera-se notar as condições de realização e pensar sobre potencialidades e fraquezas da proposta.

La photographie de presse, en France depuis quelques annees, s’inscrit dans le champ culturel et artistique en une volonte de rejoindre l’histoire de l’art, selon un processus de legitimation largement pris en charge par les milieux professionnels eux-memes. Ceux qui font et utilisent les images mediatiques en racontent aussi l’histoire. Ils affirment leur evidence documentaire lors des evenements et donnent ainsi une importance particuliere aux images photojournalistiques de news ; leur legitimite culturelle reposant sur leur role historique (notamment par la valorisation de certaines images, devenant icones) et sur leurs qualites esthetiques. Des lors, la persistance culturelle de telles images s’explique par leur statut de document exceptionnel. Il en est ainsi par exemple du face-a-face de Daniel Cohn-Bendit avec un policier CRS (Compagnies republicaines de securite) en 19683, dont l’auteur, Gilles Caron, est lui-meme surnomme « LE » photographe de Mai 68, au nom des publication...

RESUMEN: El propósito de este artículo es mostrar algunos ejemplos del impacto de prácticas de dominación racistas en San Marcos Tlacoyalco, una comunidad ngigua del estado de Puebla, y ver los retos que enfrentaron desde el establecimiento de la Universidad Intercultural del Estado de Puebla (UIEP), en 2019. Se realizaron entrevistas informales a estudiantes de la UIEP y se organizó un grupo focal con profesionistas egresados de distintas universidades de México que trabajan en la UIEP. La investigación mostró el impacto que han tenido las prácticas de dominación en la constitución de subjetividades racistas. El sujeto se convierte en un engranaje en el modo de percibir las diferencias, que afecta la manera de verse a sí mismo y de ver a los otros. Como resultado, el racismo ha impactado en esta comunidad tanto en políticas públicas como en actitudes de desprecio y autodesprecio relacionadas directamente con el origen étnico. PALBRAS CLAVE: Racismo; población indígena; resistencia a la opresión; política de la salud; México.

Diversifying a community requires outreach, recruitment, and retention which in this case targets the science communication (SciComm) workforce. Establishing a strategy to accomplish such diversification includes designing, launching, and sustaining the new intervention. Here we review the 6-years history of the DiverseScholar SciCommDiversity Travel Fellowship. This intervention was designed to build a community of minority science communicators that would interact with experienced professionals at the ScienceWriters conference. The travel fellowship reduces the financial burden of conference attendance while introducing the fellows to mentors who facilitate networking and knowledge-building during the event's professional development opportunities. The first two years of the fellowship were catalyzed by Idea Grants from the National Association of Science Writers-producers of the ScienceWriters event. Two strategies were used to engage potential fellowship applicants. First, we sought minority journalists interested in STEM topics who wished to extend beyond their standard reporting beats (tech, politics, etc.). Such student and professional journalists were found by networking with and producing conference panels at the National Association of Black Journalists and the Native American Journalists Association annual events. For the second strategy, we found minority scientists who were interested in exploring how to convert their social media and blogging activities to professional writing/reporting careers. We attracted such individuals through our activities at annual conferences such as the Society for the Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science as well as the Annual Biomedical Research Conference for Minority Students. Overall, one particular challenge of an intervention is financial sustainability once catalytic (grant) funds end. Here, we describe our model for a sustainable and synergistic intervention that positions the SciCommDiversity Travel Fellowship within the overall program of DiverseScholar's doctoral recruiting services. The fellowship is now funded internally from advertising sales revenue from the DiverseScholar MinorityPostdoc.org career portal. The website, though, is more than just a job board since the travel fellows contribute original reporting to the online magazine. Thus, beyond just reducing financial barriers, the fellowship's mentoring, and publishing opportunities can advance a fellow's entry into the SciComm profession.

La comunicacion es tan antigua como la humanidad, es una herramienta para ejercer el liderazgo, para la organizacion ciudadana y la practica democratica. Cuenta con diversas dimensiones, como la construccion de una sociedad, el ejercicio del poder y el mantenimiento del control. Es necesario precisar algunas categorias universales que con relacion a los medios masivos se han implantado en el imaginario colectivo, como que los medios son la comunicacion. Es primordial que la gente entienda y se identifique con su derecho fundamental a la comunicacion y a la informacion, un paradigma donde la comunicacion sea la clave para lograr no solo la promocion de nuestros valores culturales, sino incluso el desarrollo integral de nuestras sociedades, a traves de la democracia participativa.  En este articulo se presenta un analisis a cerca de la democracia participativa, ademas se expone que es posible creer en el exito de un modelo construido desde lo local, con la participacion de la gente, p...

Im Gespräch mit dem Magazin "Flair" beleuchtet Marlon Possard die tiefgreifenden Veränderungen, die Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) bereits heute in Gesellschaft und Alltag auslöst – und fragt nach den gesellschaftlichen Weichenstellungen der Zukunft. Doch Zukunftsangst ist keine Lösung, betont Possard im "Flair"-Interview. Stattdessen geht es um einen neuen Umgang mit der Technologie - d. h., einen Kompromiss zwischen heimlicher Bewunderung und drohender Abhängigkeit – und um die Frage, wie KI uns nicht lähmt, sondern im Gegenteil ambitionierter und kreativer machen kann.

A PIC microcontroller controlled four-digit timer system is constructed by using PIC16F877A microcontroller which determines the main function of the system. Four common cathode 7-segment displays are used to display the timing values. It counts up from 0000 to 9999 in every second. Displays are multiplexed by the transistor switches. The programming language used to control the system is CCS C language. The PIC has an internaloscillator and configure to operate at 4 MHz.

Background: News websites purport to be objective and unbiased in their reporting, but in truth, they selectively manipulate or modify certain aspects of the information to deliver differing perspectives from other sources with different ideologies. They exploit language and make use of translation to accomplish their ideological objectives. Purpose: The present study aims to examine the techniques used in the translation of political news headlines from Arabic to English to manipulate the texts, as well as, to examine the linguistic tools of manipulation employed in political English news headlines during the translation process. In analyzing the translation, the researcher resorts to Molina and Albir's (2002) proposal to classify the translation techniques. Methodology: This study adopts Van Dijk (2003) as a model of CDA. By adopting this model, this study shows how ideology and power are achieved during the translation process. Findings: The results of the study suggest some techniques in the translation of news headlines are attributed to the use of various linguistic choices to manipulate the source texts such as addition, omission, lexcalisation, passivation, and nominalization. The findings' implications suggest that there should be raising awareness about the translation techniques and strategies along with the linguistic choices employed to manipulate the texts. Originality: As the conflict between Palestine and Israel rages on October 7, 2023, the West and its supporters use media to preserve and spread their ideologies. This thesis provides an evaluation of the significant influence of conflict on the world by demonstrating how the ideologies conveyed in news headlines effect the process of translation and language. It aims to present the effect of ideology on the process of translation.

Riprendiamo con questo nitido intervento di don Aristide Fumagalli,
docente di Teologia morale presso il Seminario di Venegono e la
Facoltà teologica di Milano, la Relazione finale del Sinodo dei Vescovi sulla famiglia, per presentarne l'articolazione e le principali acquisizioni. Come è noto, in merito alla dibattuta questione dell'accesso ai sacramenti da parte dei divorziati risposati, il testo non propone mutamenti in campo normativo e pastorale, affi dando a un successivo intervento papale il compito di discernere in proposito. In attesa di quel pronunciamento magisteriale, l'autore sottolinea come i lavori sinodali abbiano già acquisito una nuova consapevolezza ecclesiale. Essa non riguarda solo la valorizzazione della famiglia, «tesoro della Chiesa» e «soggetto pastorale», bensì la ripresa di un'immagine di Chiesa in cammino con le famiglie di oggi: «La forza propulsiva di papa Francesco nel sospingere la Chiesa verso "una nuova uscita missionaria" (EG 20) ha costantemente accompagnato il processo sinodale, mirando, più che a dettare contenuti, a raccomandare uno stile».

Përgjithësisht, në teori, dihet se një informacion në komunikimin masiv duhet veçanërisht t"a interesojë nga afër audiencën digjitale. Lajmi on line bëhet interesant kur ai prek një hapësirë sa më afër individëve që e marrin atë. Kjo nuk e përjashton aspak lajmin ndërkombëtar nga interesimi i marrësve të mesazhit, por kurdoherë, edhe në këtë rast, kjo ndodh vetëm nëse nëse ai mbetet i lidhur ngushtë me problematikat e zhvilluara në hapësirën sa më pranë një bashkêsie njerzish, apo të audiencave të caktuara. Ardhja e mediave masive në Internet, sëbashku me zhvillimin e mediave sociale, është shoqëruar me idenë se tani ka ardhur radha e lajmit nënlokal, ose hiperlokal, pra e një informacioni që mbulon hapësira shumë afër individëve që përbëjnë audiencat. Pikërisht, ky aspekt na intereson në këtë trajtesë. Cfarë domethënë që përmbajtja e lajmit apo e informacionit të trajtojë me përparësi çështje ose tematika që ndodhen brenda një hapësire gjeografike, sociale, territoriale, rretherrotull individëve që përbëjnë audiencat ? Pra, çfarë është lajmi digjital që mbulon periferinë e afërt të individit, cfarë është, ndryshe thënë, afërsia, lajmi mikrosocial, hapësira nënlokale ; kur flasim në rrethanat e komunikimit masiv në Internet ? E theksojmë këtë sepse në literaturën bashkëkohore perëndimore ende jemi në një fazë debatesh lidhur mesa më sipër, ka konceptime interesante, por që duken se ende nuk janë të zhvilluara përfundimisht, e për rrjedhojë lënë vend edhe për komente edhe hamendje të tjera. Poashtu, sepse në mediat masive në Shqipëri, dhe shqiptare, shpesh, si rregull, kemi një zhvendosje mekanike të

This study examines journalists' perceptions of the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on disinformation, a growing concern in journalism due to the rapid expansion of generative AI and its influence on news production and media organizations. Using a quantitative approach, a structured survey was administered to 504 journalists in the Basque Country, identified through official media directories and with the support of the Basque Association of Journalists. This survey, conducted online and via telephone between May and June 2024, included questions on sociodemographic and professional variables, as well as attitudes toward AI's impact on journalism. The results indicate that a large majority of journalists (89.88%) believe AI will considerably or significantly increase the risks of disinformation, and this perception is consistent across genders and media types, but more pronounced among those with greater professional experience. Statistical analyses reveal a significant association between years of experience and perceived risk, and between AI use and risk perception. The main risks identified are the difficulty in detecting false content and deepfakes, and the risk of obtaining inaccurate or erroneous data. Co-occurrence analysis shows that these risks are often perceived as interconnected. These findings highlight the complex and multifaceted concerns of journalists regarding AI's role in the information ecosystem.

This paper considers how journalists in an Indian state experienced and shaped technological change over 2020-25. Inspired by current scholarship and examples in the sector, it documents an accelerated move to digital-first production that emerged due to the pandemic and remains in force through market logics and platform logics. Reporters have been increasingly working as multimedia generalists, adopting live streams, podcasts, data visualizations, and early AI-assisted workflows and they need to balance speed against verification. In the meantime, the precarity grew, by shrinking the revenues, cutting the workforce and by outsourcing the management in smaller vernacular outlets, especially among freelancers. At the same time, it coincided with an increase in political pressure and a weakening of press freedom that affected editorial decisions, safety practices and organizational responses (alliances and nonprofit partnerships). Regional and language dynamics also proved important: diffusion was quickest where capability and connections were strong and slowest where infrastructure, training and safety capacity was low. The paper draws together research which demonstrates the central importance of innovation at an organisational and cultural, rather than a technical level: the importance of audience-centred living routines, ethical uses of AI, translation and inclusion in multilingual settings, and fair labour practices for sustainable change. It ends with a concrete agenda for capability building that puts verification, safety, and gender equity and skill pipelines at the centre, which makes a strong case for technology to be a complement, not a replacement, for professional independence and the watchdog function.

Resumo: O presente artigo pretende contribuir com as discussões que envolvem a representatividade feminina e os seus espaços que são destinados às mulheres no gênero textual biografia, pensando esse tipo de texto especificamente como um dos elementos que auxiliam na construção de perspectivas e visões de mundo, premissa básica de todo e qualquer texto literário. Propõe-se a discutir o texto biográfico como uma fonte relevante para debater questões relacionadas a gênero, já que ele é uma das melhores formas de representação da memória social. A problematização da temática dá-se aqui por meio de uma revisão de literatura feita com base em teóricos que investigam os assuntos gênero e biografia.

Based on 40 interviews with fact-checkers in editorial and reporting roles and a content analysis of 3154 debunking articles published between January and December 2022 across eight countries and over 20 organizations, this article systematically compares and analyzes news factors in fact-checking as a journalistic subgenre. Which specific pieces of inaccurate information are considered worthy of verification? We first inductively identify the key factors emphasized by professionals and then measure their frequency in verification articles. Three factors serve as crucial prerequisites for verification decisions: checkability (Is the claim inherently verifiable?), verifiability [Are sufficient data and resources available for verification?], and virality [Is the claim widespread enough to prevent the amplification of falsehoods?]. Once these thresholds are met, we evaluate additional news factors in fact-checking products, including reach, prominence of targets and sources, timeliness, and relevance across organization types [independent or affiliated with legacy media], misinformation topics, geographical scope [national, international, transnational], and fact-checking targets [online rumors or statements from public figures]. Moderate yet significant associations were identified among the variables. Among the results, independent organizations and legacy media desks emphasize source prominence more than global news agencies, conducting slightly more verifications targeting public figures instead of online rumors. User requests, considered a form of participatory transparency, are particularly valued by independent units, while legacy media and global news agencies place a higher priority on timeliness.

This paper considers some generic key factors in undergraduate students' mobile learning experience in relation to the teaching and learning of mobile/smartphone journalism. The paper will raise issues related to boundaries of learning, trend (iii) of the Ideas for Mobile Learning Symposium, through a consideration of generic contextual factors influencing the mobile learning situation and the tension arising of mutually contradictory aspects. It raises questions about how potentially contradictory fields of practice (Bourdieu, 1992) influence the specific learner generated learning context. The paper highlights some concerns about risk in the mobile learning context resulting from this dynamic. This paper represents a research in progress report.

Investigates the operation of "spin" in politics and argues that in a mass society, the mass media is the main conduit for political debate and that for democracy to work in this environment requires citizens to engage with the media and to do that they require the capability to spin their message. Yes Yes

The following study investigates how using social media as a platform for Cal Poly's new Dream Center will increase the percentage of outreach and promote awareness among students and staff. The number of undocumented students on campus continues to grow every year since 2012 when former President, Barak Obama, first introduced introduced DACA. However out of 65,000 undocumented students who graduate high school in the United States, only 10% continue to pursue a higher education, and only 8% of those students actually complete and undergraduate degree. The purpose of having a dream center is to increase the graduation rates, have a place where undocumented students feel welcomed and free to ask questions, as well as receive additional information on resources available to them. The first place students are more likely to check is social media as well as the new center's website. Therefore it is important to develop and maintain this platforms up to date. Social media will not only work as a way to bring awareness to campus but it also works as a two-way symmetrical communication, where students can become more active, provide personal feed back and engage more on campus activities designed for them. This paper addresses the need for the DREAM Center at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, and the need to use social media as a form of communication and advertisement. The importance assisting and investing in our AB 540 students is addressed, and it also addresses the issues that could arise in the near future.

This study investigated how different groups of sports journalists covered the NFL “deflategate” scandal through social media, specifically in terms of employing image repair strategies via Twitter. Image repair strategy is typically used within public relations, but its use within journalism has not been examined. A content analysis revealed that while many journalists employed objective reporting, many others engaged in a variety of repair strategies, notably minimization and stonewalling. Discussion and implications focused on two main issues: conflicts of interest between journalists and sports organizations, and the evolving role of social media in crisis coverage.

La ponencia que se presenta, es parte de la investigación realizada en el marco de mi tesis doctoral. Discute sobre el modo en que se ha pensado la cuestión de los medios de comunicación y la seguridad tanto a nivel académico como entre los responsables de implementar políticas de comunicación desde distintas esferas estatales vinculadas a la temática. En este sentido, expone los términos en que se ha desarrollado el debate y lo inscribe en el marco de las transformaciones políticas, sociales y normativas que atraviesan tanto al sistema de medios de comunicación como a las distintas propuestas de política de seguridad en nuestro país. En particular, se concentra en dos cuestiones:

Our research investigates how journalists overcome this situation through their security perceptions and practices. We found that predominant threats and risks to journalists stem from low-tech surveillance and control. The use of digital security applications, often recommended in training, presents a dilemma for journalists in Myanmar. Such tools can arouse suspicion during military inspections, and practical challenges render password managers and encryption tools less effective. Journalists might find themselves in areas without network access, lacking the time to secure their data, or else compelled to unlock encrypted files in the face of immediate threats. Moreover, the advice to migrate entirely to secure communication platforms proves impossible, as it disconnects journalists from their essential relational networks. Beyond journalists’ individual capacity, we also note how resource allocation within media organisations is notably skewed. Ethnic and independent media operate with significant financial and operational limitations. Alongside the challenges in implementing contextual, sufficient organisational security protocols across different media houses, long-standing issues such as wage disparities among journalists persist. Throughout the report, we underscore the necessity of a holistic approach to security. In addition to enhancing digital savviness, security training must consider the need to safeguard physical and psychological well-being, implement organisational security protocols, and, most importantly, actively involve journalists in the training design.

Generative AI, in particular large language models (LLMs), can significantly impact the journalistic practices. One possible application of LLMs in newsrooms is to assist journalists in fact-checking false and contested claims. However, the research on LLMs' ability to reliably verify (political) information remains limited. This study examines how five LLMs fact-check claims related to migration in Switzerland. We test whether the prompting strategy (e.g., mentioning an opinion on the issue or assuming the role of a journalist or a voter) and the political leaning expressed in the prompt affect the accuracy of LLM-generated fact-checks. Analysis of 1,493 outputs shows that LLMs achieve 60.4% accuracy in fact-checking overall. However, we find a drastic difference across the claims varying from 100% accuracy for one false claim to only 10.2% accuracy for a true claim. Contrary to our expectations, acting as a journalist led to a lower quality of the outputs if compared to other strategies. Finally, with the minimal temperature values, LLMs show a relatively high, yet not absolute, degree of consistency in their responses. These findings highlight that while LLMs can aid fact-checking, their output is still prone to systematic errors. Factors leading to these inaccuracies should be studied further to identify best practices for using LLMs in newsrooms.

Citizen journalism has revolutionized news reporting by empowering regular folks to gather, report, and distribute news using smartphones and social media platforms. The democratization of news production has expanded the range of information dissemination and enhanced public engagement in media. Nonetheless, it also presents considerable issues concerning the authenticity, dependability, and ethical standards of such content. This paper analyses the dual function of citizen journalism as both an instrument of empowerment and a contributor to credibility concerns. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative content analysis and survey data, to elucidate the influence of citizen journalism on conventional news paradigms and to propose strategies for mitigating related risks.

This research paper examines 48 Latin American fact-checking websites through qualitative textual analysis, focusing on their mission statements and epistemologies. All organizations describe their role as combating disinformation, but independent units take a more active approach: empowering and educating citizens, monitoring power, enhancing public debate, and improving journalism. These independent NGOs make a stronger impact in the region. Platforms tied to regional media conglomerates, despite incorporating the fact-checking genre, are less transparent about their methods, with some exceptions. Factcheckers' democratic engagement, associated with data-driven empirical methods, relies on a pragmatic understanding of objectivity that values contextualization and interpretation.

The rapid evolution of digital technology has profoundly reshaped journalism, affecting its practices and ethics alongside its tools, introducing both transformative opportunities and ethical challenges. This paper examines the dual-edged impact of technology on journalistic honesty through a "Click, Code, and Consequences" framework. "Click" explores how metrics-driven cultures (e.g., clickbait, algorithmic amplification) incentivize sensationalism and undermine factual rigor. "Code" analyzes the role of AI-generated content, deepfakes, and automated news production in blurring lines between truth and manipulation. Finally, "Consequences" evaluates the societal fallout, including eroded public trust, polarization, and the decline of investigative rigor. The paper also examines digital journalism's implications for public trust, including misinformation and declining editorial standards. Drawing on a broad literature review and analysis of current media practices, the study examines digital platforms' opportunities for audience engagement and diverse voices, alongside ethical and economic challenges in the post-truth era. Key findings highlight that the "Click" economy pressures factual reporting, "Code"-driven automation creates new ethical issues, and overall "Consequences" include diminished public trust. The study, focusing on internationally discussed trends, underscores the necessity for flexible solutions to protect core journalistic values. Further localized research is suggested.

Although Snapchat has become increasingly important for young people, especially for teens, there is very limited academic research that has examined how German Snapchatters use the app. What kind of content do the users prefer and what expectations do they have with regard to the Snapchat channels of brands? Additionally, to what extent German media brands use owned Snapchat channels is largely unexplored. What kind of content do they publish on Snapchat and is it consistent with the users' expectations? This article tries to close the research gaps by using a mixture of methods containing an online survey of German Snapchat users (n=1610), a market analysis of the Snapchat channels of German media brands and a content analysis of these identified channels.

Freedom is neither a philosophical category that means the possibility of an unconditioned choice, as the expression of a will endowed with unlimited and arbitrary powers, nor the possibility of an option, beyond any value, beyond any sense of good and wrong, of true and false, of beauty and ugly etc. The Romanians' ideas of justice and freedom, the interpretations, evaluations and correlations of the reports between them, proved to be dependent not only on the justifying doctrine but also on the historical, political, social, economic, psychological and cultural factors. The Romanian people did not easily obey necessity but attempted to dominate it by knowledge, initiative and creativity. Freedom is not a "given fact" but a "result" of multiple human activities, based on the knowledge of the essence of the world and on the judgment values, characteristic for the process of edifying a new nature called "culture". By evoking the glorious pages of battles in the history of our people, by publishing articles and information about the activity of socialists in Transylvania and Romania, "The Romanian" (Românul) newspaper became a tribune of Romanian culture and civilization, subordinated to the fight for achieving the unity of the Romanian people.

Eine Phlilippika wider die Anbetung der IQ-Götzen!

Die Erfindung des IQ Tests darf man als eine der katastrophalsten Reduktionen dessen ansehen, was menschliches Verstehen wirklich ist. Was sich mit der Abschaltung von ChatGPT4o und ihrem Ersatz durch die technokratische GPT5 zeigt ist: Hochintelligente sind im Verstehen des Menschseins so weit entfernt wie du Dummheit.

Und es zeigt auch das Drama, dass wir als Konsumenten nichts mehr besitzen und optional so nutzen wie WIR individuell wollen, sondern die großen Firmen uns diktieren, wie wir Produkte zu verwenden haben.

This study attempts a historical investigation of West Cameroon reaction to the Nigerian Civil War of 1967-1970. Informed by primary and secondary sources and based on qualitative historical analysis, the study reveals that despite President Ahmadou Ahidjo's proclamation of neutrality at the wake of the war and his ensued support for the Gowon regime, the situation at the grass-root level in West Cameroon was in divergence to official government dispositions. Surprisingly, factored by historical, geographical, cultural, ancestral and minority considerations, West Cameroonians including religious bodies at the grass-root level generally sympathised with the Biafran cause. The Igbo who for many years had been victimised, resented and accused by the indegines to be at the origins of many atrocities in Southern/West Cameroon were suddenly embraced and accepted. The paper therefore submits that the contempt, resentment or Igbophobia which the Igbo in Southern/West Cameroon had been victims of were guided by pan Cameroon sentiments and not outright hatred for the Igbo ethnic group as a people. The attitude of the Southern/West Cameroon indegines towards the Nigerians and Igbo in particular during the colonial and early post colonial years were thus driven by jingoistic underpinnings and not xenophobic considerations.