Game Development Studies

Creativity in game design is not as widely studied as it is in general design discipline. While it may be argued that game design is simply a special case of design, in reality, it is peculiar in many ways and hence needs special attention. We aim to understand the game ideation process through the lens of creativity model. We first develop a theoretical creativity model based on the concepts in the creativity literature. We then study the ideation process of game design students and understand how it fits with the proposed theoretical model. We find that the game ideation discovered through field study broadly follows the theoretical model. Our larger research goal to develop a refined ideation model and build an ideation tool for game designers. This paper discusses the first step towards it.

Anyone interested in games, gaming and the games industry, whether in the UK or internationally, will be aware of the recent and continuing changes sweeping the market. These changes are turning last generation's market losers into clear winners, and opening new horizons for alternative development and distribution models. New demographics are turning to gaming and old ones are gaming differently and, the economic downturn aside, there is evidence of hugely shifting markets and equally shifting priorities everywhere as the casual game phenomenon spreads like wildfire across the globe.

We present an approach for teaching maths to game development undergraduates from a wide variety of backgrounds. We discuss the concepts behind an introductory maths course, its assessment and put forward some preliminary results on a practical implementation.

Self-regulated learning (SRL) occurs when students proactively optimize their learning. Ingrained within this process is metacognition: the knowledge, control, and regulation of cognition. A high level of metacognition helps students to maximize learning. Video games may have an influence on metacognition, though past research on video games has found varying effects. While some studies found improvements in problem solving and task perseverance, others found correlations with aggressive behaviours and addictive behaviours. To contribute to the literature surrounding video game effects and to explore possible categorizations with video games, two studies were done. The first study explored the possibility of characterizing video game genres according to complexity and sociability. The results of Study 1 were used to aid the interpretation of Study 2 to potentially explain the interaction between video game use, metacognition and academic performance. The results suggested that complexity ratings for each genre of video games were significantly different from each other. However, sociability ratings did not capture enough detail to be used as a useful indicator. The second study explored the relationship between video game use, socialization in video games, metacognition, and academic performance. More specifically, the study examined the possibility that video game use and socialization in video games can predict academic performance. This relationship was expected to be mediated by metacognition. The results suggested that there was no mediation effect. It seems that, as a whole, video game use, socialization in video games, and metacognition can predict academic performance. However, each individual predictor was not significant by itself.

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is when students proactively optimize their learning. Ingrained within this process is metacognition, the knowledge, control, and regulation of cognition. High levels of metacognition helps students select studing strategies, monitor study progress, and adjust study strategy to maximize learning. Video games may have an influence on SRL. Past research on video games have found varying effects. While some studies found improvements in problem solving and task perseverance, others found correlations with aggressive behaviours and addictive behaviours. It is possible that there is too much variation within video games, even of the same genre, to characterize video games. To contribute to the literature surrounding video game effects and to explore possible categorizations with video games, two studies were done. The first study explored the possibility of characterizing video game genres into complexity and sociability. The second study explored the relati...

Challenge is a cornerstone of modern video game design, shaping the way players engage with virtual worlds. It provides a sense of purpose, tests player skills, and delivers satisfaction through hard-earned rewards. However, the delicate balance between frustration and reward is critical; games that are too difficult risk alienating players, while those that are too easy fail to capture their interest.

Despite the continued growth of the gaming sector, media conglomerates have recently begun a disturbing trend of downsizing their gaming-oriented publications, leading many journalists to pivot towards independence. This paper analyses the current moment in games journalism, highlighting how search engine optimization (SEO), artificial intelligence (AI), and guide-based content have motivated this pivot. Following this we show that some creators have used gaming podcasts as an opportunity to provide independent games coverage. To examine these issues, we draw on interviews with eleven gaming podcast creators which highlight their perspectives on the medium and why gaming podcasts have become a viable alternative. We conclude by contrasting the differences between influencer-focused games coverage and games journalism. This paper therefore emphasizes the importance of continued analysis of gaming journalism to studies of games media—illustrating how the issues that these journalists face are relevant to the broader online media sphere.

Bilangan biner atau binary digit (bit) adalah suatu sistem penulisan angka dengan menggunakan dua lambang adalah 0 dan 1. Sistem bilangan biner modern ditemukan oleh Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz pada masa zaman ke-17. Sistem bilangan ini merupakan landasan dari semua sistem bilangan berbasis digital. Oleh karena itu, maka sistem komputer akan mengkonversi/merubah ke empat sistem bilangan yang lain, yaitu oktal, desimal, dan heksa desimal, kedalam sistem biner. Bagaimana cara kerja komputer dalam melakukan konversi tersebut? Berikut penjelasannya.

Bilangan biner atau binary digit (bit) adalah suatu sistem penulisan angka dengan menggunakan dua lambang adalah 0 dan 1. Sistem bilangan biner modern ditemukan oleh Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz pada masa zaman ke-17. Sistem bilangan ini merupakan landasan dari semua sistem bilangan berbasis digital. Oleh karena itu, maka sistem komputer akan mengkonversi/merubah ke empat sistem bilangan yang lain, yaitu oktal, desimal, dan heksa desimal, kedalam sistem biner. Bagaimana cara kerja komputer dalam melakukan konversi tersebut? Berikut penjelasannya.

Makalah ini membahas tentang Encoder dan Decoder dalam rangkaian digital, menjelaskan fungsi encoder yang mengkodekan data input menjadi format biner dan fungsi decoder yang mengkonversi kode menjadi bentuk yang lebih dikenal. Terdapat contoh implementasi seperti Desimal to BCD Encoder dan berbagai jenis decoder, termasuk Binary Decoder. Selain itu, makalah ini juga menyajikan simulasi menggunakan software Multisim untuk rangkaian 4 to 2 Binary Encoder dan 2 to 4 Binary Decoder, lengkap dengan langkah-langkah dan hasil simulasi, bertujuan memberikan pemahaman dasar tentang konsep dan aplikasi encoder serta decoder dalam elektronika.

This study explores how Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSEd) Science students engage in collaborative creativity through the creation of educational games. By combining gamification and experiential
learning, the study highlights the potential of game design to enhance critical skills such as communication, teamwork, and creativity among future educators. Using a transcendental phenomenology approach with a mixed-
methods design integrating both quantitative and qualitative data, the research assessed the students' collaboration dynamics, problem-solving abilities, and creative processes in game development projects. Quantitative data was collected through a 21-item questionnaire, while qualitative insights were gathered via semi-structured interviews. Results showed that game creation not only deepened students' understanding of scientific concepts but also fostered group creativity through shared goals, brainstorming, and iterative problem-solving. Data was analyzed through triangulation and thematic analysis, revealing that incorporating game design into educational programs can significantly enhance collaborative learning, critical thinking, and job readiness, offering a novel approach to teacher
training in science education.

Makalah ini membahas tentang gerbang logika dasar dalam sistem elektronika digital. Isinya mencakup penjelasan tentang konsep gerbang logika, jenis-jenis gerbang logika dasar (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, X-OR, dan X-NOR), simbol-simbol yang digunakan, serta tabel kebenaran untuk masing-masing gerbang. Makalah ini juga menjelaskan bagaimana gerbang-gerbang logika ini berfungsi sebagai dasar pembentuk sistem elektronika digital dan penerapannya dalam rangkaian elektronik.

Makalah ini membahas konsep dasar elektronika digital, termasuk penjelasan tentang sinyal analog dan digital, sistem bilangan (desimal, biner, oktal, dan heksadesimal), serta metode konversi antar sistem bilangan tersebut. Makalah ini memberikan pengantar komprehensif tentang prinsip-prinsip dasar yang digunakan dalam elektronika digital dan sistem komputer.

Bu arastirmada, bilisim etigi ogretimine yonelik gelistirilen dijital oyunla gerceklestirilen bilisim etigi ogretiminin ozel yetenekli ogrencilerin bilisim etigi tutumlarina etkisinin incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Arastirma, zayif deneysel desenlerden, tek grup on test-son test desene gore modellenmistir. Calisma grubunu bir il merkezinde bulunan Bilim ve Sanat Merkezi’nde (BILSEM) ogrenim goren 12 ozel yetenekli besinci sinif ogrencisi (7 kiz, 5 erkek) olusturmaktadir. Ozel yetenekli ogrencilere bilisim etigi egitimi verebilmek icin iki farkli turde (gorsel roman oyunu ve rol yapma oyunu) iki oyun gelistirilmis ve oyunlar ayni platform icerisinde birlestirilmistir. Her iki oyunun iceriginde bilisim etiginin boyutlarina deginilmistir. Deneysel islem olarak arastirmacilar tarafindan gelistirilen dijital oyun, calisma grubuna 2 hafta boyunca toplamda 6 ders saati uygulanmistir. Ogrenciler oyunu oynadiktan sonra oyundaki etik konulara iliskin tartismalar da yapilmistir. Veriler, Gercek Ya...

Ozellikle son 15 yil icerisinde mobil telefonlarin insanlarin gunluk yasantisina girmesiyle birlikte bu araclarin teknolojilerinde buyuk gelismeler gorulmektedir. Mobil telefonlar tamamen iletisim amacli tasarlanmis olsalar da farkli amaclar dogrultusunda kullanilabilecek bircok ozellikleri vardir. Mobil telefonlarin insanlar tarafindan kullanilan ozelliklerinin icerisinde en populer olani hic suphe yok ki mobil oyunlardir. Internet ve bilgisayar teknolojilerinin onemli katkilariyla olusan dijital (sayisal) oyun platformlarindan birisi olan mobil oyunlar, hem kolay erisilebilir hem de ekonomik olmasi sebebiyle milyonlarca kisi tarafindan tercih edilmektedir. Gunumuzde, genis kitlere ulasan ve eglence sektorunu olusturan mobil oyunlar buyuk bir endustri haline gelmistir. Bir mobil oyun olusturulurken, fikir asamasindan kullaniciya ulasmasina kadar gecen surecte yazilimci ve tasarimcinin ortak calismasi gerekmektedir. Bu ortak calisma surecinde kullanicilar uzerinde onemli bir etkiye ...

On January 18, Microsoft revealed its $68.7 billion deal to acquire videogame publisher Activision Blizzard. The acquisition was pitched as an investment towards “metaverse platforms” that gaming would play a key role in developing. Journalists speculated about the increasing consolidation of the videogame industry and whether blockbuster franchises would be locked into Microsoft’s platforms and subscription services. Commentary on the metaverse weighed in on how toxicity and harassment in game industry workplaces such as Activision Blizzard might relate to issues of trust and safety in virtual worlds such as Meta’s Horizon Worlds. Seemingly above the fray of platform strategy, market speculation, and corporate scandal, New Yorker writer Kyle Chayka (2022) tweeted as a matter of fact: “video game infrastructure and tools are increasingly going to take over all digital platforms”. This panel contextualizes discussions about the business and aesthetics of 3D platforms in the infrastru...

People have started spending time with digital tools and virtual worlds to escape reality's horrors. However, designed spaces are more than the players' needs, especially those digital games that their stories involve urban environments. This inefficiency causes spending futile efforts both in time and cost for the digital games' productions; The urban environments in these digital games are replicas of real-world cities. Some companies use some techniques for downgrading replicas. Therefore, this study aims to uncover the used techniques for designing Tom Clancy's The Division (2016). By using reverse engineering methodology and qualitative comparative analysis, the in-game map compared with the real-world map. Based on the results, the used techniques allowed the designers to scale down the game environment to be 2.5 times smaller than the actual city. Rather, verisimilitude is achieved by combining sufficiently accurate elements to give the impression of complete accuracy. By implementing the results of this research, designers can develop smaller replicas to be perceived as more extensive.

The purpose of this study is to describe the activity of counting and describing the calculations of Java community assisted by Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Mathematics software. This research is descriptive qualitative using an ethnographic approach. The problems studied are related to the calculation system used by the Javanese community which was obtained through exploration and observation activities which later became the research material for researchers to conduct a literature study to determine the relationship of the Javanese calculation system with the base number system and the use of software to simplify the calculation process. Some traditions are celebrations of 5 days and 35 days of birth, 7 days, 40 days, 100 days, and 1000 days of someone's death. The calculation of determining the time of birth and death uses a simple formula that is "nortu sartu", "nomosarmo", "norosarmo", "nonemsarmo", etc. which involve Pon, Wage, Kliwon, Legi and Pahing, involving 7 days, and involving the name Wuku. Viewed from a mathematical perspective, Javanese calculations apply the process of converting numbers from one base to another. By using the help of mathematical software such as Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Mathematics a number base conversion can be done so that it can easily determine the day, "Pasaran", and "Wuku" for the celebrations. Microsoft Excel provides a fast number conversion process for special number bases namely binary, octal, and hexadecimal. Whereas microsoft mathematics software provides an iterative conversion process for all base numbers 2 to base 36.

This study aims to determine the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on ESD activities in UNESCO associated schools. The analysis is mainly based on the annual activity reports for 2019-2021 submitted by UNESCO associated schools in Japan. The results show, firstly, that the coronavirus disaster caused significant constraints on UNESCO associated schools' ESD activities, forcing many activities to be cancelled, changed, postponed or reduced. Second, it was found that the cancelled ESD activities were mainly local activities, events and exchange activities (especially international exchange and overseas training). In addition, a range of activities were implemented online. Third, there was a change in the field of activities. Furthermore, it was found that the coronavirus disaster facilitated digitalisation in UNESCO associated schools.

Dalam pembahasan kali ini yaitu mengenai sistem bilangan dan kode, dimana ini sangat umum dipelajari oleh para pelajar teknik informatika. Sistem informasi yang akan dibahas pada artikel ini meliputi sistem bilangan desimal, biner, oktal, heksadesimal, Dan kode karakter ASCII, Gray Code, Hamming Code, BCD. Konversi dari desimal ke biner diperlukan untuk menerjemahkan keinginan (perintah) manusia ke dalam kode-kode yang dikenal oleh sistem digital. Metode dalam penelitian ini analisis dan sintesis literatur terkait sistem bilangan dan kode dari sumbersumber ilmiah, buku, artikel jurnal. Tujuan penelitian tentang sistem bilangan dan kode dapat memberikan wawasan yang berharga terkait dengan pengembangan teknologi informasi, keamanan, dan aplikasi praktis dalam berbagai konteks. Hasil penelitian ini adalah diberikan pemahaman konversi bilangan desimal ke bilangan biner, dan pengkonversian bilangan lainnya, dan juga mengetahui karakter-karakter dalam kode.

This paper presents research on the topic of virtual reality (VR) applications. It conducts a quantitative analysis of virtual reality applications available in the international market using the example of a digital platform, which was the Steam platform. The study presents and analyzes data on the number of applications in the selected categories, such as genres, types of headsets, and language. The research also includes the analysis of the top-rated VR applications, their reviews, and their features, recognized based on the tags describing them. Additionally, the article provides and systematizes new knowledge about the VR applications environment. Based on the results, it was concluded that the most numerous group of VR applications was action applications, and they account for more than half of all VR apps (51.22%). Following this, there were casual games (40.78%) and then simulation VR apps (37.35%). Referring to the results of the top-rated VR applications (‘overwhelmingly p...

Komputer menyajikan bilangan dalam dua mode, yaitu integer dan floating point. Dalam perhitungan sehari-hari, kita lebih sering menggunakan bilangan dengan basis 10 (decimal). Namun, hampir semua komputer memakai basis 2 (binary) atau variannya seperti basis 8 (oktal) dan basis 16 (hexadecimal). (i) Transformasi ke dalam basis 10 (decimal).

Both toy and games industries are investing in hybrid play products. In these scenarios user access the system using toys as input/output, thus, they consist of playful user interfaces. Such systems are complex artifacts since they use real and virtual information. Therefore, they present new challenges to both designers and developers. We supposed both industries could benefit from hybrid design approaches since product concepts. Hence, we applied the model of hybrid gameplay as a practical tool for designing such systems. To achieve it, we included the model in a 16-week class to design hybrid games. In this paper, we detailed model usage in course schedule, and discussed how students experienced it. Besides, we presented student's six working prototypes, including design cycles, and playtesting sessions. After class, we conducted semi-structured interviews with student's representatives. Results revealed model usefulness to describe the system setup and interface elements. Furthermore, according to students, the model vocabulary facilitated communication among team members. Finally, we proposed improvements in model nomenclature based on student's feedback. In addition, we recommend a few topics for a methodological approach to design hybrid games.

There are many different and distinct types of games, game engines, and game platforms, much like there are many different and distinct types of software applications, information systems, and computing systems used for business. Understanding how games as a software system are developed to operate on a particular game platform requires identifying what types of games (i.e., game genre) are available in the market. Popular game genre include action/firstperson shooters, adventure, roleplaying game (RPG), fighting, racing, simulations, sports, strategy and realtime strategy, music and rhythm, parlor (board and card games), puzzles, educational/training, and massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs). This suggests that knowledge about one type of game (e.g., RPGs like Dungeons and Dragons) does not subsume, contain, nor provide the game play experience, player control interface, game play scenarios, or player actions found in other types of games. So being highly skilled in the art of one type of game software development (e.g., building a turntaking RPG) does not imply the corresponding level of skill in developing another type of game software (e.g., a continuous play twitch/action game). This is analogous to saying that if a software developer is skilled in "payroll and accounting" software application systems, this does not imply such a developer is also competent or skilled in the development of "enterprise database management" or "Ecommerce product sales over the Web" systems. The differences can be profound, and the developers' skills and expertise narrowly specialized. Conversely, similar games, like card or board games, raise the obvious possibility for a single game engine to be developed and shared/reused to support multiple game kinds of a single type. Game engines provide a runtime environment and reusable components for common gamerelated tasks, which leaves the developers freer to focus on the unique aspects of their game. For example, the games Checkers and Chess are played on an 8X8 checkerboard, though the shape and appearance of the game play pieces differs, and the rules of game play differ, the kinds of player actions involved in playing either Chess or Checkers are the same (picking a piece and moving it to a square allowed by the rules of the game). So being skilled in the art of developing a Checkers game can suggest the ability or competent skill in developing a similar game like Chess, especially if both games can use the same game engine. However, this is likely only when the game engine is designed to allow for distinct sets of game rules and distinct appearance of game pieces-that is, the game engine must be designed for reuse or extension. This design goal is not always an obvious engineering choice, and it is one that increases the initial cost of game engine development [BEW98, Gre09]. Subsequently, developing the software for different kinds of games of the same type, or using the same game engine, requires a higher level of technical skill and competence in software development than designing an individual game of a given type. Understanding how game software operates on a game platform requires an understanding the game device (e.g., Nintendo GameBoy, Microsoft Xbox One, Apple iPhone) and the internal software runtime environment that enables its intended operation and data communication capabilities. A game platform constrains the game design in terms of its architectural structure, how it functions, how the game player controls the game device through its interfaces (keyboard, buttons, stylus, etc.) and video/audio displays, and how they affect game data transmission and reception in a multiple player game network.

GELENEKSEL ÇOCUK OYUNLARININ MODERN EĞİTİMDE KULLANILMASI * TRADITIONAL CHILDREN GAMES IN MODERN EDUCATION Hatice ÖZ PEKTAŞ* Öz Oyun; canlıların var olmasıyla basļayan ve nesiller boyunca gelisȩrek kültürel ögeleri de içeren bir etkinliktir. Uygarlıklar gelisţikçe, oyunlar da gelismiş ve bir takım degȋsimlere ugȓayarak günümüze kadar gelmisţir. Canlıların oynadıkları ve onlar için vazgeçilmez bir eylem olan oyunlar, çogȗ zaman bir egȋtim aracı olarak da kullanılmısţır. Her toplumun kendine özgü benimseyip, oynadıgȋ ve kültürel aktarmayla gelmiş bir takım geleneksel oyunları vardır. Teknolojinin gelismesiyle degȋsȩn bilisşel yapı ve algı, çocuk oyunlarının sokak, bahçe ve parklardan, bilgisayar ortamına tasinmasına ve sanal dijital platformlarda oynanmaya basļanmasında etkili olmusţur. Oyunların oynandıgȋ mekanların degȋsţigȋ gibi birçok egȋtimsel faaliyetin de bilgisayar ortamında gerçeklesmesine olanak saglanmısţır. Bu çalısmanın amacı; oyunun ve oyun tasarımının tarihçesini, egȋtsel bilgisayar oyunlarının günümüz egȋtiminde kullanılmak üzere nasıl tasarlandıgȋnı arasţırmaktır. Çalısmada egȋtsel oyun tasarımında etkili olan grafik tasarım ögȇleri, karakter tasarımları, mekan tasarımı (background) ve aksesuar tasarımlarının önemi vurgulanmıs, dogȓu kullanımına ilisķin öneriler gelisţirilmisţir.

In this study, a game designing based on rule-based artificial intelligence on a 3-D game engine has been developed. In the existing computer games in which artificial intelligence is not used, it is seen that a fixed story is used. Since as a novelty rule-based artificial intelligence is used in this game, the story of the game has been dynamically defined based on artificial intelligence, different story combinations have been created within the developed game. The design of the game has been edited according to the possible actions of the user. A main rule has been set in the content, this rule has been applied by artificial intelligence, the animations and the existing rule-based artificial intelligence technique have been run in the process. The important difference of this game in which the rule-based artificial intelligence technique is used is revealing of story dynamically, and the progressing of game that depends on the first-person user (FPU).

5. The actions of designers and non-designers within the program are tested. Quantitative and qualitative data is collected and analysed between and within groups to establish efficacy. Criteria include ease of use, model comprehension, and quality of work, as rated by other participants. 6. A potential workflow is constructed through reflecting on results, highlighting the benefits and shortcomings of immersive media and what this means for its use in design practice.

In this paper, we explore the experiences and lessons learned from Sami Game Jam 2018. Sami Game Jam 2018 was organized in Utsjoki, in a small Sámi village next to the border of Finland and Norway. The group of 44 jammers consisted of local Sámi participants and Finnish as well as international game students and professional developers. The event had 12 Sámi themes to explore that were divided between the teams and the event resulted in six games all combining two. The jam was stressful for the participants and organizers, both Sámi and non-Sámi, but in the end created an invaluable space for rich experiences, learning and self-discoveries. Furthermore, the jam provided a platform for indigenous game development and local game education and a platform to develop Sámi Pedagogy further.

Exercise can improve health and wellbeing. With this in mind, immersive virtual reality (VR) games are being developed to promote physical activity, and are generally evaluated through user studies. However, building such applications is time consuming and expensive. This paper introduces VR-Rides, an object-oriented application framework focused on the development of experiment-oriented VR exergames. Following the modular programming pattern, this framework facilitates the integration of different hardware (such as VR devices, sensors and physical activity devices) within immersive VR experiences that overlay game narratives on Google Street View panoramas. Combining software engineering and interaction patterns, modules of VR-Rides can be easily added and managed in the Unity game engine. We evaluate the code efficiency and development effort across our VR exergames developed using VR-Rides. The reliability, maintainability and usability of our framework are also demonstrated via code metrics analysis and user studies. The results show that investing in a systematic approach to reusing code and design can be a worthwhile effort for researchers beyond software engineering.

In this workshop, the participants bring their own research topics and concepts to create small games with the game making tool-Construct 3. We invite the participants of Academic Mindtrek to think about and experiment with how, for instance, figures in their research papers would translate into interactive experiences. What if instead of pictures, tables and charts, research or articles would use small embedded interactive games? What would such games be like, and what are the ways in which games can communicate? We call these "playable concepts". CCS CONCEPTS • Applied computing → Computer games.

Virtual reality (VR) is pushing the technological and cultural limits of digital games. For instance, engineers are working with high-end controllers, hand-tracking, and display technology to augment the VR experience. VR has targeted remote work and the metaverse. VR has many skeptics. Cix Liv (2021), a VR pioneer, stated, “Sorry to my VR friends. I declare PC VR, dead. Prove me wrong.” Still, little research has examined how users feel and express the limits of VR and play. Our research analyzes tweets for the public perception of the affordances and limitations of VR through its emotional impact on users.

Makalah ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan konsep dasar Digital Logic Circuits dan mendalami fungsi Integrated Circuits (IC) yang digunakan. Fokus utama kami adalah mengenalkan jenis rangkaian Half Adder dan Full Adder, khususnya Rangkaian Full Adder yang memiliki kemampuan menyimpan carry dari hasil penjumlahan sebelumnya. Pembahasan difokuskan pada penggunaan gerbang logika, seperti XOR, OR, dan AND, yang diimplementasikan melalui IC 7486, 7432, dan 7408 secara berturut-turut.
Rangkaian Full Adder yang dirancang memiliki tiga input dan dua output. Verifikasi terhadap tabel kebenaran Full Adder dilakukan untuk memastikan konsistensi dan keakuratan operasionalnya. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa rangkaian ini menghasilkan output tinggi (1) pada kedua output, baik hasil penjumlahan (sum) maupun carry, jika semua inputnya setara dengan tinggi (1). Sebaliknya, rangkaian ini akan mengeluarkan output rendah (0) jika semua inputnya adalah rendah (0).
Dengan demikian, makalah ini memberikan pemahaman mendalam tentang konsep Digital Logic Circuits, penerapan gerbang logika dalam rangkaian Full Adder, dan validitas operasionalnya sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip dasar logika digital.

While game jams, rapid game co-creation events, have seen increased interest in learning contexts, their potential is still largely untapped. In this paper, we examine game jams as a form of playful assessment. We evaluate the potential of game jams to serve as a tool for assessing learning processes and goals of higher education students.

The study is built around two instances of a university course focusing on the analysis of storytelling in digital media, taught during the autumn terms of 2018 and 2019 at the University of Helsinki. Both instances included a Twine game jam with the idea of giving the students a hands-oninsight into highly abstract topics. In our qualitative study, we examined game jam experiences of the students through their written reports. Following research questions were formulated: Is game jamming with Twine a viable tool for assessing student learning on a university course? What limitations and requirements are there in the use of game jamming in assessment?

Through thematic analysis, we identified categories related to student learning and their experience of the game jam in the data. Categories were examined against the learning goals to discern how students were applying knowledge and concepts obtained during the courses.

Our results suggest that the game jam format encourages reflection of the course content as well as its application. Game jams potentially complement existing, more conventional assessment methods as they strongly encourage the jammers to engage with and apply knowledge they have acquired.