Electronic publishing

The integration of technology, pedagogy, and content in the teaching of secondary mathematics was explored among 280 secondary mathematics teachers in the State of New South Wales, Australia. The study adopted the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) model through the administration of a 30-item instrument called TPCK-M. The instrument consisted of three major theoretically based constructs: technological content knowledge (TCK), technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK) and technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK). Results indicated that PowerPoint and Excel constitute the two TCK modal technological capabilities while TPK scores revealed teachers' lower capacity to deal with the general information and communications technologies goals across the curriculum, such as creating digital assessment formats. TPCK-M scores seem to suggest a healthy standard in teachers' technological skills across a variety of mathematics education goals. However, the magnitude of such influence in practice needs to be further ascertained, given that the study identified a number of instructional, curricular, and organizational factors seriously inhibiting the integration of technology into teaching and learning. In general, to take advantage of more novel learning technologies, teachers need to be trained in working with online tools (webquests, wikis), mobile learning, and interactive whiteboards and in authoring digital learning resources.

Background The goal of “Open Access” 1 (OA) is to grant anyone, anywhere and anytime, free access to the results of scientific research. The OA debate has gained considerable momentum in recent years. It is driven mostly by two factors:• The “serials crisis” of ever-rising costs of journals, which has forced libraries to cancel a steadily-increasing number of subscriptions, curtailing the access of researchers to important scientific literature.• The increasing awareness that results of publicly-funded research should be made generally ...

is study is based on an eminently socio-constructivist and investigational paradigm. By making pedagogical use of blogs in the classroom, we aimed to determine whether students appreciate the usefulness both of this new social tool and of technology in general applied to education. Based on the use of blogs in several university subjects we designed a study and a total of 136 teacher-training students of the specialization courses of Infant and Primary Education participated in it. e data for the study were collected using a triangulation of techniques: faceto-face discussion sessions, email messages and blog messages. e conclusions reveal that blogs are easy to use, they are an important resource in educational settings, they encourage students to take on an active role, and they are a useful instrument for self-evaluation.

Publishing has transited from traditional to Electronic format making information resources available to users without much subscription. E-publishing is engendered by the introduction of information and communication technology (ICT), this development has brought about increase in the number of scholarly communication in circulation. The awareness and rate of e-publishing differs among faculties, it based on this that this study was carried out to survey the situation of e-publishing and open access of librarians in three federal universities in Southern Nigeria, five research questions were formulated to guide the study. The methodology adopted is descriptive survey, questionnaire was given to a total population of 64 librarians consisting of librarians from the institutions understudy, the data collected from the study shows that though librarians are aware of e-publishing but they have not being publishing as should have been expected in University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN) out of...

The recent results of the research in the construction of the electronic dictionary of Serbo-Croatian are presented. This research involves the development of methodological and theoretical principles for the construction of the lexicon for a highly inflective language. The problems that emerge on different levels of language standardization such as graphemic, orthographic, dialectic, inflective and derivational are pointed out.

In this paper we describe the resources and tools for the processing of texts written in Serbian. Most of the resources have been developed within the University of Belgrade NLP group located at the Faculty of Mathematics. The main features of these resources, namely available monolingual and multilingual corpora and various e-dictionaries are briefly described. The use of Intex, the main tool of the NLP group, for the recognition of unknown words, text tagging, building local grammars and disambiguation is outlined.

Increasingly, authors and publishers are freely distributing their books electronically to increase the visibility of their work. A vital question for those with a commercial stake in selling books is, "What happens to book sales if digital versions are given away?" We used BookScan sales data for four categories of books (a total of 41 books) for which we could identify the date when the free digital versions of the books were made available to determine whether the free version affected print sales. We analyzed the data on book sales for the eight weeks before and after the free versions were available. Three of the four categories of books had increased sales after the free books were distributed. We discuss the implications and limitations of these results.

Social software is increasingly being used in higher and further education to support teaching and learning processes. These applications provide students with social and cognitive stimulation and also add to the interaction between students and educators. However, in addition to the benefits the introduction of social software into a course environment can also have adverse implications on students, educators and the education institution as a whole, a phenomenon which has received much less attention in the literature. In this study we explore the various implications of introducing social software into a course environment in order to identify the associated benefits, but also the potential drawbacks. We draw on data from 20 social software initiatives in UK‐based higher and further education institutions to identify the diverse experiences and concerns of students and educators. The findings are presented in form of a SWOT analysis, which allows us to better understand the other...

This study aims to analyze the vital role played by the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) in enhancing the credibility and reliability of scientific research in the digital age. Through an analytical study of DOI usage data derived from international scientific publishing institutions, the extent of its adoption and its recognition as a global standard for encoding research and academic sources was highlighted. The results showed that the number of scientific records registered using DOIs exceeded 167 million, with more than 30,000 DOI prefixes distributed across over 150 countries, reflecting the significant growth in its use by academic and research institutions. Additionally, more than 3.2 billion monthly DOI resolutions were recorded, indicating the increasing reliance on them for accessing resources. The study also included an analysis of the content types registered with DOIs, showing that scientific articles constituted the majority at 71%, followed by books and conference papers. A notable finding was that 95% of citations linked to DOIs are now openly available, contributing to greater transparency and scientific verifiability. The study concluded that the DOI is not merely an organizational tool but a central element in the structure of modern scientific publishing. It contributes to improving research quality, facilitating verification, and ensuring continued accessibility. The study recommended the broader adoption of DOIs, especially in emerging scientific communities, to achieve greater integration in the global research information infrastructure.

Digital libraries offer new opportunities to provide access to diverse resources beyond those held in school buildings and to allow teachers and learners to reach beyond classroom walls to other people to build distributed learning communities. Creating learning communities requires that teachers change their behaviors and the Baltimore Learning Community Project described here is based on the premise that access to resources should be tied to the assessment outcomes that increasingly drive curricula and classroom activity. Based on examination of curriculum guides and discussions with project teachers, an interface for the BLC digital library was prototyped. Three components (explore, construct, and present) of this user interface that allows teachers to find text, video, images, web sites, and instructional modules and create their own modules are described. Although the technological challenges of building learning communities are significant, the greater challenges are mainly social and political.

This article describes how a free, web-based intelligent tutoring system, (ASSISTment), was used to create online error analysis items for preservice elementary and secondary mathematics teachers. The online error analysis items challenged preservice teachers to analyze, diagnose, and provide targeted instructional remediation intended to help mock students overcome common error patterns and misconceptions. A short description of how the ASSISTment system was used to support followup in-class discussions among preservice teachers is provided, as well as suggestions for producing similar online error analysis items in other content areas. Directions for accessing all of the mathematics error analysis problem sets currently available in the ASSISTment system, sample error analysis items and responses, and a rubric for implementing these assignments in mathematics methods classes to support preservice teachers are included at the conclusion of the article. Errors are inevitable in the learning of mathematics, as the human brain is not genetically programmed to memorize multiplication facts, carry out multistep operations, or perform exact mathematical calculations . The history of error analysis (also called error pattern analysis) in mathematics education dates back to the work of . Since then, much of the literature has focused on two key areas of error analysis in mathematics: (a) the identification and interpretation of students' common error patterns as a result of misconceptions and (b) best practices for instructional remediation. This article addresses both areas and, specifically, highlights the importance of exposing preservice elementary and secondary mathematics teachers to common student error patterns that are the result of underlying mathematical misconceptions.

The Domain Name System (DNS) remains a foundational element of internet functionality, yet it is inherently vulnerable to various cyber threats due to its lack of built-in security features. In response, DNS-layer security mechanisms such as DNSSEC, DNS-over-TLS (DoT), and DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) have been introduced to bolster security and privacy. However, the implementation of these protocols has raised concerns regarding their impact on network performance. This systematic review examines literature from 2015 to 2025, analyzing the dual effects of DNS-layer security on threat mitigation and network efficiency. Using a structured PRISMA-based methodology across six major academic databases, 23 peer-reviewed review articles were analyzed. The findings highlight the effectiveness of modern AI and ML-based approaches in enhancing encrypted DNS traffic detection, the performance trade-offs associated with encryption techniques, and the need for adaptive and privacy-aware security frameworks. The review also identifies key gaps and emerging trends, proposing directions for future research, including quantum-resilient systems and lightweight models for resource-constrained environments.

Discusses the trends in open access publishing in India. Study is based on data collected from directories of open access journals and institutional repositories. Websites of selected institutional repositories and open access journals were evaluated in addition. Uses case study method to know the trends of open access publishing in India. Data is analysed based on parameters, such as number of institutional repositories and open access journals, number of documents, software used, types of documents, etc. The study found that ...

Introduction Theses and dissertations are the required evidence of schol-arship or creative activity for graduate students. Realizing that much of what graduate students accomplish cannot be captured in a traditional print thesis or dissertation, the University of Iowa has joined many ...

This report demonstrates the full-text-based search engine that works on any Web-based mobile application. The engine has the capability to search databases across multiple categories based on a user's queries and identify the most relevant or similar. The search results presented here were found using an Android (Google Co.) mobile device; however, it is also compatible with other mobile phones.

Technology is rapidly changing how we teach and how we learn. Emergent technologies offer opportunities to understand concepts in deeper, often different, and more meaningful ways. However, this growth in understanding will occur only if teachers learn to use these technologies in effective ways.

Zadania BN w zakresie archiwizacji dokumentów § 8 Statutu Biblioteki Narodowej: "Biblioteka gromadzi, opracowuje, przechowuje i udostępnia materiały biblioteczne, i udostępnia materiały biblioteczne, zawierające utrwalony wyraz myśli ludzkiej, niezaleŜnie od nośnika fizycznego i sposobu zapisu treści, a zwłaszcza dokumenty: graficzne (piśmiennicze, kartograficzne, ikonograficzne i muzyczne), dźwiękowe, audiowizualne i elektroniczne.

This paper investigates how technologies that use different combinations of artificial and human intelligence are incorporated into classroom instruction, and how they ultimately affect students' outcomes. We conducted a field experiment to study two technologies that allow teachers to outsource grading and feedback tasks on writing practices. The first technology is a fully automated evaluation system that provides instantaneous scores and feedback. The second one uses human graders as an additional resource to enhance grading and feedback quality in aspects in which the automated system arguably falls short. Both technologies significantly improved students' essay scores, and the additional inputs from human graders did not improve effectiveness. Furthermore, the technologies similarly helped teachers engage more frequently on nonroutine tasks that supported the individualization of pedagogy. Our results are informative about the potential of artificial intelligence to exp...

Este artículo es un análisis retrospectivo de una década en la publicación de la Revista Electrónica de Investigación Educativa (REDIE). En primer lugar se describen los retos iniciales que implicó editar en internet una revista de corte académico, ante un público acostumbrado a leer y ...

The digital explosion of information on the Internet has resulted in a need for a new and up-to-date way for Digital Natives to learn English. Educators have reported numerous benefits of using weblogs in English language learning. This article presents a small scale study on the use of weblogs for English language learning at tertiary level in Malaysia. Twenty six students kept weblogs for a duration of a semester. This study investigated how students perceived the use of weblogs for English language learning. A questionnaire which was made up of both close-ended and open-ended questions was administered at the end of the study. A mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods was used to analyse the students’ responses to the questionnaire. The study found that students were aware of their audience when they blogged and that they geared their writing towards their audience. In addition, they also interacted with others through the use of the comment feature on their weblogs. Furt...

The access to a vast array of resources is facilitated by the Internet, which, in its turn, does not promote learning by itself as children and young people often use it passively. As a consequence, the teachers' role is regarded essential so that they are helped to interpret and analyze available information critically. Nowadays, when referring to the web and its importance in the teaching and learning process, people no longer think of read-only contents, but in the supporting infrastructure which allows to create and share contents and a space for collaboration, discussion and ideas associated to the concept Web 2.0. The blog, as a means to deploy the concept "on-line interaction" is, according to Granieri, "The most accessible and natural tool for sharing and publishing, in addition to text, images movies and also sound, will be increasingly disseminated, because of increasing speed of data transmission" (2006, p. 31). It is therefore natural that the use of the blog is more and more frequent as a resource, pedagogical strategy or other capacities at all levels of teaching . Taking advantage of the blog educationally is a recurrent approach in Portugal in recent years. Some work in this area is being closely supervised. The method takes into account the complex thinking model , more or less explicitly, and is carried out by children and young people in elementary schools. In this paper, a case study is presented based on some blogs, focusing on: the methodology for collection of text and multimedia materials; treatment and analysis of data with the NVivo software; findings and further evolution perspectives.

Indexing allows converting raw document collection into easily searchable representation. Bigger scale indexing poses some challenges how to distribute indexing computation efficiently on a cluster of nodes. MapReduce framework promises to be an effective tool for parallelizing computation, especially for divide-and-conquer type of problems, such as inverted index construction. We propose SciPDFindexer, distributed information retrieval system for scientific articles in PDF. Information retrieval (IR) of scientific papers is not much researched domain as general IR and differs from general one mainly by structure of documents and the necessity for converting them into indexable representation. In our system, our main focus is distributed indexing scheme using MapReduce. Given large collection of scientific articles in PDF our system parses and extracts metadata from articles, and then indexes extracted content using our proposed scheme. We also parallelized querying by using distributed database HBase for holding indices. We evaluated our indexing scheme by comparing with alternative approaches and showed that our indexing scheme performs equal or better than the compared ones. In the other experiment, we also investigated impact of different MapReduce parameters to indexing performance.

Several improvements are suggested to the syntax of SGML, the recent international standard for the description of electronic document types. These improvements ease processing by existing tools, remove ambiguity cleanly, and increase human usability. They also indicate some guidelines that should be followed in the design and specification of computersoftware standards. By following accepted computer-science conventions for the description of languages the design of a standard may be improved, and the subsequent implementation task simplified.

SUMMARY Several improvements are suggested to the syntax of SGML, the recent international standard for the description of electronic document types. These improvements ease processing by existing tools, remove ambiguity cleanly, and increase human usability. They also indicate some guidelines that should be followed in the design and specification of computersoftware standards. By following accepted computer-science conventions for the description of languages the design of a standard may be improved, and the subsequent implementation task simplified.

Open science includes open data, open-access publications, and collaborative research platforms and aims to democratize scientific research, ensuring accessibility, transparency, and knowledge reusability for societal benefit. In its Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP) 2020, India emphasizes that by adopting open science, India can contribute more effectively to global research, leading to faster innovation and solutions to local and international challenges. However, the ever-growing Indian research community has been facing barriers like access to journals and limited data, and also the perception of the researchers to publish in open access journals. The scenario will completely change with the upcoming One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) 10 being implemented in January 2025. This article delves into the Open Science scenario in general and the Indian perspective on Open Science in particular, focusing on its contributions to global research, sustainable development, and digital equity.

Timelines represent a familiar means for representing the relationship among historical events. When incorporated into the context of electronic documents, the timeline provides the basis for implementing an interface into an event space, relying particularly on hypertextual-style links. Generalizing timelines also permits the flexible representation of many different kinds of relationships beyond the temporal. This paper includes examples of such representations, showing examples from prototype implementations.

Increasingly, educators from all disciplines are using blogs, social networking sites, VLEs and wikis to encourage academic discourse between students. However, a common problem experienced by educators is how these important learning experiences can be assessed and because of this difficulty many are not assessed. For some time now, I have been using online discussions via the University VLE as a way to encourage student debate around key lecture topics (e.g. Taylor, 2002). The key learning outcomes which this assessed activity addresses, in addition to learning more about the topic, are to develop skills in reflective practice, critical evaluation and leadership. This article will review the ways that face–to–face and online academic discourse between students have been assessed, highlighting some of the differences to consider when setting up online discussion activities, compared to face–to–face discussion. I will then provide a case study of the way I set up online discussions ...

The accounting profession has given ever-increasing focus and attention to the effectiveness and nature of accounting education. Executive education struggles with how to make accounting understandable and applicable to those responsible for other functions. Graduates of Executive MBA programs often have a negative perception of the accounting field before entering the EMBA. Adult education literature clearly touts the value of simulation, gaming theory, and modeling. This empirical study was designed to investigate the effect of integrating an accounting simulation, The Accounting Game, into an accounting course, on students' self-reported perceptions and on course performance. Additionally, the simulation was instituted as a preparation course for applicants entering an Executive MBA program.

This research aimed to understand to what extent 24 freshmen students registered in an online academic writing course provided peer comments in a blog-based writing setting and whether there was a significant difference in the proportion of L2 writer's peer comment types. Data included students' blog-based peer comments on their friends' written drafts produced in three different writing genres: expository, datacommentary, and argumentative. Frequency analysis and Chi-square test of independence and for goodness-of-fit were used to analyze peer comments. Results revealed that L2 writers provided online peer comments more on global areas than those on local areas across writing tasks and between the drafts in all tasks. There was a significant difference in the proportion of global and local areas of L2 writers identified in the first drafts of three writing tasks and a significant decrease in the provision of global and local comments from the first task to the final. This study provides implications for L2 academic writers and writing instructors concerning the use of blog-based peer comments and their types in the process of an academic writing course, where L2 writers experience blog-based academic writing and peer comment exchange in the light of training they have received.

From the perspective of Goffman’s theories of self-presentation, travel blogs can be described as narratives that indicate the different roles occupied by an individual’s online self. A blogger may discursively position the self as a traveler, rather than a tourist, a dichotomy that underpins much critical debate in the area of travel and tourism studies, thus creating tensions within the blog. These tensions are heightened when blogs presented as accounts of travel are published as guidebooks or books that promote tourism. It can be argued that in such cases the act of publishing commercializes these narratives and introduces an element of touristic discourse. Moreover, the choice of either a legacy publisher or a self-publishing service can have implications for how a travel blogger may be presented and perceived as a reputable published author. Against this background, this article explores how travel blogs negotiate the discursive tensions produced as a result of the presentatio...

As ebooks continue to rise in popularity, the implementation of Patron Driven Acquisitions 1 (PDA), with EBL as the vendor, has already proven a very successful model at the University of Sussex. It allows our users to decide on ebook titles that may become permanent additions to our collection. Using technology to make content more accessible, EBL offers a flexible access model, including free browsing (time-limited), non-linear lending (multiple concurrent accesses to content) and short-term circulation, with the fourth loan triggering an automatic purchase. With the economic realities of an agreed budget, we make only a subset of the entire EBL catalogue available to our users, carefully chosen with a focus on key subject areas as well as the most recent publications. In order to extend the use of the enormous repertoire of titles offered by EBL, we decided to pilot the use of the entire catalogue of approximately 450,000 ebook titles available through the EBL administrative dashboard LibCentral, to satisfy interlibrary loan (ILL) book requests. We were already offering desktop delivery to our users for journal articles through the British Library, and our aim was to extend desktop delivery to books, fulfilling book requests with ebooks wherever possible. The 1 Patron Driven Acquisitions, also referred to as Demand Driven Acquisitions

THE FIXED BOOK PRICE BILL OF 2015Fixed book prices are applied in some European countries. A fi xed book price is the price, set by the publisher, at which the book is to be sold. This solution is to limit price competition among the sellers in order to protect traditional bookshops and promote non-price competition on the book market. In Poland the book market is not regulated in such a way. In 2015 a fi xed book price bill, prepared by the Polish Chamber of Books, was submitted to the parliament. However, the bill was not adopted, because the parliament’s term ended. The author of the article examines the work of publishers and booksellers on the bill on the basis of the available reports by professionals and journalists, the contents of the bill as well as the course of the legislative process, drawing on records of meetings of parliamentary committees. In addition, the author presents opinions about the bill expressed from early 2013 until late 2015. The opinions come from inter...

A number of distinct types of “electronic library” now exist. The term has shed the vagueness with which it has been used in the past. Moreover, certain forms of electronic library service will prove more effective and durable than others. The most successful form of electronic library will reproduce the functionality of the traditional library, but must also fully exploit the unique features of electronic information provision.

An interdisciplinary study of student knowledge of accounting/finance principles in concert with their application in a marketing simulation game was undertaken in three sections of an Introduction to Marketing. The subjects were 454 second year marketing students who took an accounting/finance knowledge test composed of 14 multiple choice questions focused on understanding definitions and making calculations for selected concepts including unit contribution margin, inventory carrying costs, working capital, gross margins, return on sales, straightforward breakeven calculation, current ratio and mark-ups. A total of 368 students agreed to participate in the study from which 308 usable responses were collected, a 67.8% response rate. The study employed a simple pretest-posttest design resulting in a pretest average score of 42.4% (32.7% corrected for guessing) and a posttest average score of 55.5% (43.7% corrected for guessing) for the accounting/finance test. Paired t-test comparisons of pretest versus posttest scores for both uncorrected and corrected for guessing results were significantly different at the .000 level. The overall conclusion was that the marketing simulation experience led to an improvement in knowledge and application of accounting/finance principles. This study provides further evidence for the external validity of business simulation games.

An interdisciplinary study of student knowledge of accounting/finance principles in concert with their application in a marketing simulation game was undertaken in three sections of an Introduction to Marketing. The subjects were 454 second year marketing students who took an accounting/finance knowledge test composed of 14 multiple choice questions focused on understanding definitions and making calculations for selected concepts including unit contribution margin, inventory carrying costs, working capital, gross margins, return on sales, straightforward breakeven calculation, current ratio and mark-ups. A total of 368 students agreed to participate in the study from which 308 usable responses were collected, a 67.8% response rate. The study employed a simple pretest-posttest design resulting in a pretest average score of 42.4% (32.7% corrected for guessing) and a posttest average score of 55.5% (43.7% corrected for guessing) for the accounting/finance test. Paired t-test comparisons of pretest versus posttest scores for both uncorrected and corrected for guessing results were significantly different at the .000 level. The overall conclusion was that the marketing simulation experience led to an improvement in knowledge and application of accounting/finance principles. This study provides further evidence for the external validity of business simulation games.

The Study for Open Access Publishing (SOAP) project is one of the initiatives undertaken to explore the risks and opportunities of the transition to open access publishing. Some of the early analyses of open access journals listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) show that more than half of the open access publishing initiatives were undertaken by smaller publishers, learned societies and few publishing houses that own a large number of journal titles. Regarding income sources as means for sustaining a journal's functions, "article processing charges", "membership fee" and "advertisement" are the predominant options for the publishing houses; "subscription to the print version of the journal", "sponsorship" and somewhat less the "article processing charges" have the highest incidences for all other publishers.

Publishing scientific research is an area of study that attracts interest from various stakeholders such as publishers, academic and research staff, libraries and funders. In the past decade increased journal subscription fees prompted calls for cheaper and more efficient means of accessing the scientific literature. Factors such as the expansion of digital repositories, the introduction of open source journal management software, an increasing awareness within the scholarly community at large of the issues around open access, and an increasing readiness within the publishing community to experiment with new models, suggest that the circumstances may now be right for new models of scientific publishing to be explored, as well as potential business models and sustainable solutions around them. This paper explores some of the issues around the costs and sustainability of a prospective journal model known as the overlay journal. We present estimates of initial start up costs for such a model, discuss the factors that would influence scientists in deciding whether to publish in a journal overlaid onto a public repository; and report their views on the relative importance of different features and functions of a journal in terms of funding priorities. Panayiota Polydoratou and Martin Moyle testbed for RIOJA. arXiv was founded in 1991 to facilitate the exchange of pre-prints between physicists. It now holds over 495,000 scientific papers, and in recent years its coverage has extended to mathematics, nonlinear sciences, quantitative biology and computer science in addition to physics. arXiv is firmly embedded in the research workflows of these communities.

Scientists in astrophysics and cosmology make much use of the arXiv repository. Concerns raised by scientists in those fields about publication costs and delays, and the transparency and validity of the peer review process, raised questions about levels of satisfaction with existing publishing models. This paper discusses the results from a community survey in the fields of astrophysics and cosmology, conducted as part of an investigation into the feasibility of an "overlay journal" model in these disciplines. Six hundred and eighty three (683) researchers provided information about their academic/research background, their research practices, and their attitudes, both as producers and consumers of information, to the traditional journal publishing system, and gave their reaction to the overlay publication model. The survey results indicate that scientists in these disciplines are, in general, favourably disposed towards new publishing models, although some important caveats and concerns, particularly regarding quality, were highlighted.

This paper highlights some of the issues that have been reported in surveys carried out by the RIOJA (Repository Interface for Overlaid Journal Archives) project (). Six hundred and eighty three scientists (17% of 4012 contacted), and representatives from publishing houses and members of editorial boards from peer-reviewed journals in astrophysics and cosmology provided their views regarding the overlay journal model. In general the scientists were disposed favourably towards the overlay journal model. However, they raised several implementation issues that they would consider important, primarily relating to the quality of the editorial board and of the published papers, the speed and quality of the peer review process, and the long-term archiving of the accepted research material. The traditional copy-editing function remains important to researchers in these disciplines, as is the visibility of research in indexing services. The printed volume is of little interest.

The Study for Open Access Publishing (SOAP) project is one of the initiatives undertaken to explore the risks and opportunities of the transition to open access publishing. Some of the early analyses of open access journals listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) show that more than half of the open access publishing initiatives (56%) were undertaken by smaller publishers associated with a small number of journals. The study differentiates between 14 large publishers and other publishers. The 14 large publishers publish more than 50 journals each or 1000 per year (data as per 2007 or 2008). Regarding income sources as means for sustaining a journal's functions, "article processing charges", "membership fee" and "advertisement" are the predominant options for the large publishers (publishers associated with more than 50 journals or 1000 articles); "subscription to the print version of the journal", "sponsorship" and somewhat less the "article processing charges" have the highest incidences for all other publishers.