Digital Libraries

Resumo: O presente artigo tem por objetivo descrever a importância da gestão do conhecimento. E para tanto realizamos um estudo de caso, com base no mapeamento do processo de atribuição de aulas nas Escolas Técnicas do Centro Paula Souza. A gestão do conhecimento é um meio de fomento para as pessoas, sendo que o conhecimento se torna recurso imprescindível e necessário para o crescimento das organizações tanto privadas quanto públicas. A utilização de mapas do conhecimento se torna um fator crucial no processo de transformação de conhecimento tácito em explicito, pois reter um alto volume de conhecimento, e socializá-lo, é essencial e tão importante como todos os outros recursos existentes dentro das instituições.

The emergence of information highways and multimedia computing has resulted in redefining the concept of libraries. It is widely believed that in the next few years, a significant portion of information in libraries will be in the form of multimedia electronic documents. Many approaches are being proposed for storing, retrieving, assimilating, harvesting, and prospecting information from these multimedia documents. Digital libraries are expected to allow users to access information independent of the locations and types of data sources and will provide a unified picture of information. In this paper, we discuss requirements of these emerging information systems and present query methods and data models for these systems. Finally, we briefly present a few examples of approaches that provide a preview of how things will be done in the digital libraries in the near future.

Libraries of the Faculty of Philology of the University of Belgrade are extremely rich in funds and entirely unique in Serbia in terms of their number, quality and age of materials, as well as their professional profile. Based on numerical and value indicators, the collection of the above-mentioned libraries, with its overall fund of 898.200 units, represents the fifth library collection in Serbia, after those pertaining to the National Library of Serbia, University Library "Svetozar Markovic", Library of SASA and Matica Srpska. Library and information activity of the Faculty of Philology takes place in 18 separate seminar libraries, developed in accordance with the linguistic principle, which means that their organization is decentralized, since each library belongs to a particular department of the faculty. In addition, the faculty offers adequate conditions for studying the rich library funds and for the research work within its reading rooms, thus enabling study of the history and structure of Serbian and foreign languages along with historical and comparative philology. Being aware of the necessity of modernization of already existing research capacities and infrastructure and by recognizing the need for redefining and establishing new scientific and educational contents at the Faculty of Philology in Belgrade, we have formed a Digital Library of the faculty and we are diligently working as to further develop the Museum of the faculty. Digital Library of the Faculty of Philology provides almost free access to numerous publications of the faculty, particularly those from conferences held at its premises, but also rare and old library materials, which are essential for further studies in the respective domains. The activity of the Museum of the Faculty of Philology should contribute to the study of history of philology through thematic exhibitions and modern multi-media presentations of cultural heritage, thus giving an insight into the valuable documents and artifacts in the possession of the faculty. Moreover, we are constantly seeking new ways as to provide access to electronic resources to our students. The latest agreement was achieved with the Russian State Library, whereas we enabled our students to access the Virtual Reading Room of the mentioned library, the only one of this kind in our region. This implies attainability of over one million texts in full, and at the same time, the access to the particularly important, in terms of postgraduate studies, 800,000 doctoral dissertations. Each student will have his/her own virtual reader cabinet where the texts he/she reads will be stored. To conclude, the Faculty of Philology, as an ideal environment for creating future place of philology in digital age, will continue to strive to create modern conditions for the study and promotion of philology science, motivate a greater number of students to continue philological studies at the master's and doctoral levels, encourage its researchers for the continuous improvement of their knowledge and development of their research, which will ultimately give crucial impetus to the further improvement of philology, literature and culture studies in Serbia.

This article investigates the profound influence of Digital Humanities on Classical Studies research and teaching. It conducts a comparative analysis between the Plinian Research and Study Center (Centro de Pesquisa e Estudos Plinianos-CPEP) and prominent international initiatives such as Perseus Digital Library, Europeana, Perseids Project, and Arethusa. The study highlights the crucial role of these platforms in democratizing knowledge, fostering methodological innovations, and expanding global access to historical sources. Additionally, the article provides a technical tutorial of the CPEP, discussing its significant contribution and relevance to the educational challenges within the Brazilian academic context.

The article presents some reflections on the process of cataloguing South Asian manuscripts in digital form, based on the experience gathered by the author during the Cambridge Sanskrit Manuscripts Project and as a curator of South Asian manuscripts in the Bodleian Libraries. It briefly addresses the topics of the usage of markup language, the interaction between different professionals in the preparation of digital catalogues (academics, librarians, digital imaging and IT staff), and the importance of standardisation at all levels of cataloguing.

This article provides a description and analysis of the practices of cataloguing Sanskrit manuscripts in the 19th century, both in South Asia as well as in European institutions. A brief introduction provides an overview of historical lists of manuscripts in Sanskrit, together with an analysis of early European cataloguing practices of South Asian manuscripts from the 17th to the early 19th century. The focus of the article is a description of collecting and cataloguing practices after 1868 survey, by means of catalogues in different languages as well as published and unpublished letters by scholars.

Three types of video surrogates visual (keyframes), verbal (keywords/phrases), and visual and verbal were designed and studied in a qualitative investigation of user cognitive processes. The results favor the combined surrogates in which verbal information and images reinforce each other, lead to better comprehension, and may actually require less processing time. The results also highlight image features users found most helpful. These findings will inform the interface design and video representation for video retrieval and browsing Keywords

Digital libraries offer new opportunities to provide access to diverse resources beyond those held in school buildings and to allow teachers and learners to reach beyond classroom walls to other people to build distributed learning communities. Creating learning communities requires that teachers change their behaviors and the Baltimore Learning Community Project described here is based on the premise that access to resources should be tied to the assessment outcomes that increasingly drive curricula and classroom activity. Based on examination of curriculum guides and discussions with project teachers, an interface for the BLC digital library was prototyped. Three components (explore, construct, and present) of this user interface that allows teachers to find text, video, images, web sites, and instructional modules and create their own modules are described. Although the technological challenges of building learning communities are significant, the greater challenges are mainly social and political.

Because of unique temporal and spatial properUes of video data, different techniques for sununarizing videos have been proposed. Key frames extracted directly from video inform users about content without requiring them to view the entire video. As part of ongoing work to develop video browsing interfaces, several interface displays based on key frames were investigated. Variations on dynamic key frame "slide shows" were examined and compared to a static key frame "filmstrip" display. The slide show inechanism displays key frames in rapid succession and is designed to facilitate visual browsing by exploiting hmnan perceptual capabilities. User studies were conducted in a series of three experiments. Key frame display rate, number of simultaneous displays, and user perception were investigated as a function of user performance in object recognition and gist determination tasks. No significant performance degradation was detected at display rates up to 8 key frames per second, but performance degraded significantly at higher rates. Performance on gist deternfination tasks degraded less severely than performance on object recognition tasks as display rates increased. Furthermore, gist determination performance dropped significantly between three and four simultaneous slide shows in a single display. Users generally preferred key frame filmstrips to dynamic displays, although objective measures of performance were mixed. Implications for visual interface design and further questions for future research are provided.

With more and more digital videos found online, video retrieval researchers have begun to create various representations or surrogates for digital videos, such as poster frames, storyboards, video skims and fast forwards. How to evaluate the effectiveness of these video surrogates has become an issue for researchers. This paper proposes two general classes of user tasks-recognition tasks and tasks requiring inference-for which performance measures were developed. The measures include graphical object recognition, textual object recognition, action recognition, free-text gist d e t e r m i n a t i o n , m u l t i p l e -c h o i c e g i s t determination and visual gist determination. The preliminary results from two user studies applying these six measures are also discussed in this paper.

In this paper, we describe the challenges of assessing human performance during video retrieval episodes and describe several measures of human performance that have been used in developing visual surrogates for the Open Video Digital Library (). These include two sets of cognitive performance measures that aim to assess human recognition and inference and a set of attitudinal measures that aim to assess user satisfaction with video surrogates.

The information field continues to evolve rapidly as digital technology changes the very nature of information and how people interact with each other and with information. This article argues that the past 30 years have seen a shift from distinct emphases on information, individual people, and specific technologies to emphases on the interactions among more diverse forms and amounts of information, people, and technologies. Human-information interaction shifts the foci of all aspects of information work; blurs boundaries between information objects, technology, and people; and creates new forms of information. This article discusses changes in each of these components of information and trends and challenges surrounding the study of their interactions are presented.

Digital libraries need to provide and extend traditional library services in the digital environment. This paper presents a project that will provide and extend library services through the development of a sharium-a workspace with rich content and powerful tools where people can collaborate with others or work independently to explore information resources, learn, and solve their information problems. A sharium is a learning environment that combines the features of a collaboratory, where people collectively engage in research by sharing rich information resources, and a local library, where people come to meet, find information resources, and discuss common interests. To achieve this, collaboration services that build on synchronous and asynchronous communication technology should be integrated with other digital library services, including searching, browsing, and information management and authoring services. This paper presents our motivation for providing collaboration services and describes the types of collaboration services that will be included in the digital library.

The problem of our Information Infrastructures is lack of information in the system. Information relevant to us, valuable to us, generated by us. Take the example of the Information Systems existing in any educational or other institution or department of the State. Networks will be there. Sophisticated computers and high tech professionals will be there. Facility to access information from world wide sources will be there, and some times every system in the institution will have connection to Internet. But none of these systems or the connectivity is going to provide you very valuable information generated by that institution, or the information available only at that institution which is sought not only from inside the organization but from all over the world. The systems may provide you access to any document in Library of Congress or a village library in U.K. But not any document from your organization or State. Take for example our Latest edition of Gazetteer of Kerala. Can you get it from Internet or any campus networks in Kerala? No. But if you want to refer a similar publication on any region of U.K. go to the Internet terminal in your organization or to any Internet cafe in your Panchayat. Within seconds the book will open in the terminal in front of you.

The University of Alberta Libraries is actively ramping up for linked data implementation through local experimentation, research and external partnerships. Though BIBFRAME is still in development, several transformation tools have already been created, and with many libraries planning for a future move to linked data it would seem timely to compare approaches to moving legacy MARC data to BIBFRAME. Setting aside the question of whether BIBFRAME should be the vehicle for libraries to move to linked data, this investigation is aimed at comparing two approaches to converting MARC to BIBFRAME 2.0: Congress MARC to BIBFRAME XSLT: An XSLT 1.0 application aimed at converting MARC to RDF/XML released in March 2017. 2. Casalini SHARE Virtual Discovery Environment: A project by Casalini Libri and @Cult to develop a linked data discovery environment, including a conversion tool for MARC to BIBFRAME 2.0 RDF.

Rapid changes in the field of technology and exponential increase in the volume of digital content makes long-term preservation of institutional resources a challenging task. Digital preservation requires a commitment for applying preservation actions along with continuous monitoring and management of the preserved resources. The expense of these actions mean that a memory institution needs to make choices about what level of preservation it can afford to provide for a resource when it makes a commitment to preserve it. This paper presents a tiered model to determine preservation levels for digital content, based on an assessment that considers three factors: type of resource, archival responsibility, and projected preservability of the resource (TAP). The paper presents a practical, flexible approach to a complex set of factors and includes examples of how the model can be applied at an academic library.

The modern digital libraries have to address multiple diverging requirements and expectations of the users and at the same time to accommodate the rapidly changing technological novelties. User needs are always mentioned amongst the priorities in the multitude of policy documents which shape the scope and characteristics of digitisation and accessibility online. However, in reality, users seem not to be consulted in detail. One particularly underexplored area is how the use of social media could provide insights into the user interests and how the engagement with users can be enhanced in these environments. This tutorial introduces a range of methods which can be applied to understand better user needs and expectations (surveys, questionnaires, interviews, deep log analysis, personas, eye tracking, ethnographic studies) and to give a practical feel how they work in real practice through a series of recent studies. It includes real life international case study which will help the participants to get a better understanding what studies could be particularly helpful according to the products and services they develop, how to involve user s in digital library evaluation, and how to engage better with users. Participants in the tutorial will gain better understanding of: -Basic models on users in the digital library domain; -Key user study methods; -Recent best practices of case studies. It will also help participants to get initial knowledge how to plan and implement a user study, and will facilitate transfer of experience between specialists engaged in specific types of studies.

The Open Language Archives Community (OLAC) provides a comprehensive infrastructure that has allowed our community to index and discover language resources over the past 20 years. However, OLAC infrastructure has fallen behind as the digital libraries community has continued to evolve. New investment is required in order to move OLAC into the digital libraries mainstream. This paper reports on the first 20 years of OLAC and on an agenda leading to a more sustainable future for open language archiving.

Honorific street names that commemorate historical figures, events, or cultural symbols constitute a frequently overlooked, yet symbolically important layer of urban heritage. Beyond their practical function in navigation and spatial organization, they also encode ideological narratives into public space that shape collective memory and identity. However, traditional cultural heritage (CH) tools do not engage with their contested meanings, particularly in politically divided urban landscapes. In this paper, we explore how the integration of extended reality (XR) and artificial intelligence (AI) can bring place names to life by turning them into interactive and personalized stories. Focusing on the center of Nicosia, Cyprus (a politically divided urban landscape), we present an intelligent tourist guide that combines mobile XR, conversational AI, and lifelike avatars to deliver personalized and multilingual narratives at the sites of honorific street names. We conclude by discussing the ethical challenges of algorithmic memory mediation in contested urban spaces and argue that such systems, when designed responsibly, can foster critical engagement, pluralistic representation, and new forms of civic pedagogy within the domain of CH. CCS Concepts • Applied computing → Interactive learning environments; Digital libraries and archives; Media arts; • Human-centered computing → Mixed / augmented reality;

Introduction Theses and dissertations are the required evidence of schol-arship or creative activity for graduate students. Realizing that much of what graduate students accomplish cannot be captured in a traditional print thesis or dissertation, the University of Iowa has joined many ...

The difficulty of sharing geologic and geographic karst information is well documented. While there is a significant body of internationally accessible literature, important works are largely unknown or inaccessible. Some of the more difficult documents to access include maps, databases, technical reports, graduate theses or dissertations, images, video, and government publications. Also, karst related documents published in lessaccessible languages are hard to access or find—especially those published prior to ...

Effective stewardship of caves and karst areas requires access to and efficient analysis of a diverse range of information. Vital data are scattered throughout specialty mainstream journals, which even for a single project could include fields such as ecology, hydrogeology, contaminant transport, toxicology, engineering geology and law. Additionally, volumes of crucial information often lie in difficult-to-find gray literature. Management recommendations and decisions should be based on assessments of state-of-the-art information, but fall short when important patterns and relationships are overlooked. The Karst Information Portal (KIP) offers a solution to these problems. Conceived in 2005 and launched in June 2007, KIP grew as a partnership among the

National Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) programs have been recognized as one of the most effective channels through which Theses and Dissertations (TDs) can be made available to academic communities. However, to establish a national ETDs developers need to be aware of the Critical Success Factors (CSFs). CSFs are the few key areas where "things must go right" for the program to flourish and without them the organization's efforts for the period will be less than desired. This paper aims to identify CSFs deemed crucial for the implementation of national ETDs through review the existing body of knowledge related to this topic. Based on categorizing and thematizing data, this paper conceptualizes a generic framework comprised of five broad dimensions (managementand organization, involvement, service, content, and technicalities) in order to make a national ETDs program successful. With knowledge about CSFs, stakeholders and managers would be more able to achieve organizational goals, make critical decisions, and allocate resources that are required to make national ETDs implementation programs successful.

Annale 25 of the Audiovisual Archive of the Labour and Democratic Movement is a manual on the treatment of audiovisual sources in archives. From history to contexts, it reconstructs the story of this particular archive within the national film archive system. It also traces the history of the evolution of media from analogue to digital, foreshadowing future uses with AI. The epistemological paradigm shift with the advent of digital practices and technologies in the remediation of archival documents is crucial.

In this literature survey we focus on identifying recent advances in research on digital technology in the field of mathematics education. To conduct the survey we have used Internet search engines with keywords related to mathematics education and digital technology and have reviewed some of the main international journals, including the ones in Portuguese and Spanish. We identify five sub-areas of research, important trends of development, and illustrate them using case studies: mobile technologies, massive open online courses (MOOCs), digital libraries and designing learning objects, collaborative learning using digital technology, and teacher training using blended learning. These exemplary case studies may help the reader to understand how recent developments in this area of research have evolved in the last few years. We conclude the report discussing some of the implications that these digital technologies may have for mathematics education research and practice as well as making some recommendations for future research in this area.

A country aspiring to be Vishaguru needs not only to invest in science, technology and artificial intelligence but to create a culture in which common people’s abiding interest in science creates an ecosystem that inspires its youth to strive for excellence in science and technology. This demands that science communication should be given as much importance as science education. Unfortunately, science communication remains a neglected area in India. It is mostly government-driven, and though the government initiatives have a larger outreach, they lack synergy and cannot address the digital divide. We need to take a cue from how other developed countries have overcome the challenges.

Ve zdravotnictvi podobně jako v jiných oborech a zajmech dnesni spolecnosti neustale roste objem generovaných a ukladaných dat. Moderni přistup v podobě snahy digitalizovat veskere zaznamy se pozitivně promita v nasledne možnosti dostupna data dale zpracovavat a analyzovat. Nedilnou soucasti celeho procesu analýzy dat je připrava souhrnných reportů, ktere ctenaři snadno a srozumitelně poskytnou klicove zavěry plynouci z dane datove sady. Přistupů, jak lze vizualizovat výsledky statistickeho rozboru je cela řada... V dnesni době je uživateli nejvice preferovana online forma, ktera umožňuje veskere informace najit v pohodli domova prostřednictvim Internetu během několika minut. Stěžejni jsou z tohoto pohledu dva aspekty: spravnost nalezene informace a jeji format. Při kontinualně narůstajicim objemu dat zveřejňovaných na Internetu je garance spravnosti samotneho obsahu naprosto klicova a to obzvlastě v oblasti zdravotnictvi. Při letmem hledani napřic webovými portaly je zřejme, že zda...

SFX is a tool provided by the University Library that creates shortcuts to the full-text of online articles, as well as links to other Library services. When searching in many of the University Library databases, there will be an SFX button or link that connects to a menu of options.

Questo report analizza il fenomeno delle "internet challenge" da una prospettiva vittimologica e ridefinisce i giovani partecipanti non come semplici autori di comportamenti a rischio, ma come vittime di un complesso ecosistema digitale. Tale sistema è progettato per identificare, agganciare e sfruttare le loro intrinseche vulnerabilità neurobiologiche e psicosociali. La narrazione di una "crescita esponenziale" delle fatalità viene qui decostruita per rivelare una realtà più sinistra: non un'epidemia di nuove condotte letali, ma lo sfruttamento algoritmico di modelli di comportamento adolescenziale preesistenti, ora amplificati e diffusi su scala globale con una velocità e una precisione senza precedenti.

Nel corso dell'ultimo ventennio l'Informatica umanistica, o Digital humanities se si preferisce la formulazione anglosassone, si è affermata come una delle più importanti innovazioni scientifiche e didattiche nel mondo della ricerca umanistica. Nonostante e, forse, grazie alla fluida definizione disciplinare, questo campo di studi ha conseguito rilevanti risultati sul piano della ricerca teorica e applicativa, ha guadagnato una presenza stabile nell'offerta didattica e riscuote successo nell'accesso ai finanziamenti. Esso si è anche dotato di infrastrutture e organizzazioni per la cooperazione scientifica a livello nazionale e internazionale che raccolgono e coordinano un numero ormai grandissimo di studiosi a livello planetario, organizzano convegni mastodontici e pubblicano monografie e periodici autorevoli. Se è vero che le 'storie di successo' più importanti si collocano nei paesi anglosassoni e in Germania, anche la situazione italiana, nonostante ritardi, ritrosie culturali e crisi dell'università in generale, è molto soddisfacente. In primo luogo, si deve osservare che questi studi nel nostro paese hanno una storia pluridecennale. Il riferimento a padre Busa, universalmente riconosciuto come il fondatore dell'intero campo di studi, e alla sua opera di digitalizzazione e indicizzazione delle opere di Tommaso d'Aquino, avviato alla fine degli anni Quaranta dello scorso secolo, è piuttosto ovvio. Ma voglio far notare che il lavoro di Busa non era assolutamente isolato in Italia. È sufficiente ricordare che nel 1962 il prestigioso annuale Almanacco Bompiani fu dedicato a Le applicazioni dei calcolatori elettronici alle scienze morali e alla letteratura, il che dimostra come anche in quegli anni remoti l'Italia produceva ricerca di alto livello all'incrocio tra informatica e scienze umane. In secondo luogo, la tradizione italiana dell'Informatica umanistica, pure nella sua diversità interna, ha sempre privilegiato un approccio rigorosamente fondato sulla teoria e sulla metodologia. La figura intellettuale principale in questo panorama intellettuale è stata quella di Tito Orlandi, intorno a cui sin dagli anni Ottanta si è raccolta quella che si potrebbe definire la scuola romana dell'Informatica umanistica. Ciò che caratterizza questa esperienza è il rifiuto di una visione strumentale dell'informatica nelle discipline umanistiche (che era allora già abbastanza diffusa se non predominante nelle pur aurorali sperimentazioni a livello internazionale) e la netta predilezione per un approccio teorico ed epistemologico. L'informatica viene intesa non come ingegneria ma come scienza teorica della rappresentazione ed elaborazione (automatica) dell'informazione, e su questo terreno è evidente la convergenza con le scienze umane. Il riconoscimento del valore di questa tradizione è stato sancito con l'assegnazione a Orlandi del Busa Award 2019, premio che la Association of Digital Humanities Organizations (ADHO) assegna agli studiosi che hanno conseguito risultati di alto profilo nella loro carriera. In terzo luogo, si deve osservare come la tradizione italiana della ricerca informatica nelle scienze umane ha avuto una stretta e proficua interazione con l'attività scientifica e applicativa condotta nelle istituzioni del patrimonio culturale, tanto che potremmo al suo interno individuare due rami:

Abstract. Peer-to-Peer computing (P2P) is a model in which each system acts potentially as both client and server, and systems link the one another without resorting on centralized services. Thanks to its generality, flexibility, and scalability, P2P is one of the prominent ...

O presente artigo apresenta uma iniciativa para o uso das Tecnologias de Informacao e Comunicacao (TIC) como ferramentas digitais nas escolas publicas. A proposta consiste em demonstrar os potenciais do Banco Internacional de Objetos Educacionais (BIOE), repositorio criado pelo Ministerio da Educacao, em parceria com o Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia, Rede Latino-americana de Portais Educacionais (RELPE), Organizacao dos Estados Ibero-americanos (OEI) e outros. O repositorio tem como objetivo disponibilizar recursos educacionais digitais de livre acesso para toda a comunidade escolar. Assim, far-se-a um panorama desse ambiente considerando quais sao suas potencialidades para auxiliar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem.

This study explores the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the teacherlearner relationship, analyzing shifts in roles, responsibilities, and power dynamics in education. Using a comprehensive literature review and case study analysis, it examines AI applications such as adaptive learning systems, intelligent tutoring systems, and AI-powered assessments. Key findings reveal that AI enhances personalization, fosters student autonomy, and enables datadriven pedagogical decisions, while challenges persist in data privacy, equitable access, and resistance to change. The study concludes that AI redefines teachers as facilitators rather than sole knowledge providers, emphasizing collaboration between educators and AI systems. The added value lies in offering a holistic framework for understanding AI's educational integration, with implications for policy, ethics, and professional development to maximize AI's potential while safeguarding educational equity and trust.

Access to cultural exhibits is a central issue in museums and exhibition galleries that is recently This approach to cultural heritage access presents a high degree of novelty as well as a number of technical and conceptual issues and challenges. This paper discusses these issues while analyzing the expected benefits and expectations from visitors, the community, and the museums.

Although most seasoned scholars know how to do their basic work and produce well-researched papers or books, each new generation faces the issue once again, figuring out what true research is, how to find the relevant research literature, and then how to produce a solidly investigated and developed publication. At the same time, technology is moving forward rapidly, and all our library systems are undergoing constant
changes. In fact, there are ever more available databases or bibliographies that are often ignored or remain unknown particularly to more traditionally oriented scholars. So, it is high time right now to reassess the
situation in library science from a pragmatic point of view and to outline in as much detail as possible or necessary what approaches and methods are advisable, how to carry out basic research, and how to move
a paper from its draft stage to the level of being publishable. The discussion below is based on decades of my own research, with 134 scholarly books currently published (single-authored monographs, edited
volumes, textbooks, and translations), and more than 800 scholarly articles, both in traditional print journals and increasingly in online journals, both in well-established and highly esteemed research fora and in new and emerging venues. This basically unmatched record encourages me to offer the subsequent outline of the fundamental strategies relevant in carrying out research in the Humanities, especially with a focus on literary and cultural history.

This paper presents the digital reconstruction of the carving of the iconostasis of the Assumption church in the town of Bansko in its original form, a research project of the Department of Mathematical Linguistics of the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

East-Christian icon art is recognised as one of the most significant areas of the art of painting. Regrettably, it is still being neglected in the digital documentation and the registry of the art of painting. The accessibility to that large part of mankind's cultural and historical ancestry would be enhanced greatly if icons of all possible kinds and origins were digitised, classified, and "exhibited" in the Internet. That would allow the preservation and even the future digital restoration of a large number of rare specimens of the East-Christian art of painting. This article aims to introduce how modern techniques from the area of digital libraries can be used for implementing the demonstrative multimedia library "Virtual encyclopaedia of the Bulgarian iconography " 4 , containing a large number of Bulgarian iconic art masterpieces and iconography of various authors, periods and schools.

Abstract: East-Christian icon art is recognised as one of the most significant areas of the art of painting. Regrettably, it is still being neglected in the digital documentation and the registry of the art of painting. The accessibility to that large part of mankind's cultural and historical ancestry would be enhanced greatly if icons of all possible kinds and origins were digitised, classified, and „exhibited “ in the Internet. That would allow the preservation and even the future digital restoration of a large number of rare specimens of the East-Christian art of painting. This article aims to introduce how modern techniques from the area of digital libraries can be used for implementing the demonstrative multimedia library “Virtual encyclopaedia of the Bulgarian iconography ” 4, containing a large number of Bulgarian iconic art masterpieces and iconography of various authors, periods and schools.

East-Christian icon art is recognised as one of the most significant areas of the art of painting. Regrettably, it is still being neglected in the digital documentation and the registry of the art of painting. The accessibility to that large part of mankind's cultural and historical ancestry would be enhanced greatly if icons of all possible kinds and origins were digitised, classified, and "exhibited" in the Internet. That would allow the preservation and even the future digital restoration of a large number of rare specimens of the East-Christian art of painting. This article aims to introduce how modern techniques from the area of digital libraries can be used for implementing the demonstrative multimedia library "Virtual encyclopaedia of the Bulgarian iconography " 4 , containing a large number of Bulgarian iconic art masterpieces and iconography of various authors, periods and schools.

Mobile learning has been a topic of research and development for 20 years. Over that time it has encompassed a wide range of concepts, theories, designs, experiments and evaluations. With increasing interest in the subject from researchers and practitioners, a comprehensive, yet accessible, overview of mobile learning that encompasses its many facets and features can provide a useful snapshot of the field. Although there have been many reviews of the mobile learning literature, these have tended to focus mostly on the nature of the work from a research perspective. Further, they have focused on a specific subset of the overall literature. Some review articles have, for example, confined themselves to a particular type of mobile learning, such as mobile language learning (e.g. Viberg & Gronlund, 2012). Others have focused on a specific conference series (e.g. Wingkvist & Ericsson, 2011) or subset of journals (e.g. Pollara &Broussard, 2011). In contrast, we have attempted to provide a...