volume 6 issue 11 by INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH I J E T M R JOURNAL
International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research, 2019
It has long been assumed that females have the same response as males to the drugs in all the fiv... more It has long been assumed that females have the same response as males to the drugs in all the five phases of drug development processes namely drug discovery & development, preclinical trials, clinical trials, drug review and drug marketing. The fact is that the diseases exhibit the potential sex difference in its prevalence, diagnosis, severity and outcomes. Diseases like breast cancer, urinary tract infections affect men and women differently. The difference also exits in the manifestation of the diseases like cardiovascular disease and sexually transmitted diseases. The differences of the sex are further widened by the gender perspective. Gender is one of the fundamental determinants of health inequalities. There are differences in the physiology of the sexes that causes difference in the pharmacodynamics for specific drug which can be due to the circulating levels of endogenous hormones such as testosterone and estradiol. Women typically have a lower bodyweight than men, so when taking the same dose of a drug results in higher level of drug. Lyophilic agents may have a larger distribution in females owing to their higher body fat content. Women may experience different health issues due to cultural, social and economical factor and hence it becomes an issue related to gender bias. There is a need to examine the potential difference by sex at all the life stages at all the levels, like genetic and cellular level to organism level. Also, there is a need to take into consideration this sex difference in all the stages of the drug development, pre-clinical and clinical trial. It has been observed that while studying diseases prevalent in both the sexes only male animals were considered to be norm study population. It was assumed that female would have same response as males during the pre-clinical trials and that women will have same response as men from drugs in the clinical trials. The assumption of equality puts women at risk, not only reducing disease treatment efficacy but also risking exposure to unforeseen side effects. Women have been viewed as more expensive test subjects because of their more fluctuating hormone levels. It has to take the possible hormonal interaction into consideration during the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics when it comes to determine the safety, efficacy and tolerance of new drugs. Although there have been lack of representation of women in clinical trials initially due to non availability of data that the potential sex differences exist but now guidelines, policies and organizations have been established to increase the quality of women's health research. In 1993, the National Institute of Health Revitalization Act came into being to promote inclusion of women in clinical trials. The acceptance that sex differences should be considered while taking clinical decisions itself proves that there has been a major breakthrough, but a lot is to be done. The studies on cardiovascular disease pattern for males and females creates awareness and the governments are making policies and guidelines for the gender specificity in the drug designing and development processes and strict enforcement during the approval processes. There is along way to go.
International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research, 2019
In the present study, the descriptive research design has been administered. Since this research ... more In the present study, the descriptive research design has been administered. Since this research describes the characteristics of the marketers in e-marketing, it is concerned with descriptive in nature. Meanwhile, this study analyze the e-marketing behavior and its antecedents, e-services quality, service failure in e-marketing, its relationship with the profile of the marketers, it seems to be diagnostic in nature. In total, 535 marketers were identified by popular web service providers namely Pronet, Satyam, Airtel and BSNL. Hence the present study has made an attempt to fill up the research gap with the help of proposed research model.
International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research, 2019
The purpose of this study is: 1) To analyze how the different ways of determining impairment loss... more The purpose of this study is: 1) To analyze how the different ways of determining impairment losses reserve will affect the interest earned 2) To make recommendation on the best way to determine the impairment losses reserve. This research method uses a quantitative approach based on time series data and cross sections. The population in this study is PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. In this study the sampling technique used probability sampling method. Determination of the sample using the simple random sampling method. Data analysis method in this study uses multiple regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 24.00. The results of the study show some conclusions as follows: 1) Delay in debt payment obligations (PKPU) is proven to have an influence on allowance for impairment losses (CKPN) with a positive relationship. 2) Credit quality (KK) is proven to have an influence on allowance for impairment losses (CKPN) in a negative direction. 3) Delayed debt payment obligations (PKPU) have been proven to influence interest earned with a negative relationship. 4) Credit quality (KK) is proven to have an influence on interest earned and 5) Allowance for impairment losses (CKPN) is proven to have an influence on interest earned with a negative relationship.
International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research, 2019
A pilot external-loop airlift reactor (ELAR) of 150 liters was designed and used as a non-convent... more A pilot external-loop airlift reactor (ELAR) of 150 liters was designed and used as a non-conventional reactor to carry out Electrocoagulation/Electroflotation to treat real textile effluents containing disperse and reactive dyes. The designed reactor ensure the recovery of sludge by electroflotation (EF) in which complete flotation of the pollutants is achieved without additional mechanical power in the pilot external-loop airlift reactor (ELAR), using only the overall liquid recirculation induced by H2microbubbles generated by water electrolysis without filtration process. Aluminum, iron electrodes and combined aluminum-iron electrodes were tested. The obtained results were interesting as they would help managing the Electrocoagulation/Electroflotation process in pilot external-loop airlift reactor to remove real textile effluent. The treatment of the mixtures of the real textile dyeing industry is better when using a combination of the electrodes of iron and aluminum providing a better treatment efficiency of 80% and a lower specific energy consumption (50 kWh/kg dye). In order to analyze the by-product of the electrocoagulation (EC) and the treated effluent, different techniques were used to elucidate the role of different kind of anodes especially when the combined iron-aluminum were used simultaneously as sacrificial anodes.
International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research, 2019
This paper seeks to show that due to changing climates, there are salient marginal Sahelian condi... more This paper seeks to show that due to changing climates, there are salient marginal Sahelian conditions (conditions of aridity) emerging on the Northern fringes of Cross River State, a state that is geographical positioned in the southern rainforest belt of Nigeria. The paper adopts a simple descriptive approach and shows the distinct characteristics of this zone, in terms of floristic composition and edaphic and geomorphic structures under changing conditions. Some relationships are established between environmental variables like health, water supply and crop-yield on one hand, and climatic variation, floral life-forms and soil conditions on the other. The changing land use patterns relative to environmental changes are also examined. The paper concludes with a look at current and future adaption strategies to these climate-induced conditions.
International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research, 2019
This paper presents the design and simulation of three phase grid-connected inverter for photovol... more This paper presents the design and simulation of three phase grid-connected inverter for photovoltaic systems with power ratings up to 5 kW. In this research, the application of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technique for inverter is explored. With the use of SVPWM inverter, synchronization between the inverter and electrical grid follows the Phase-locked Loop (PLL) algorithm. The proposed design is simulated and validated by experimental results.
International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research, 2019
Density and viscosity of D (+) galactose and D (+) lactose mono hydrates in aqueous solution of s... more Density and viscosity of D (+) galactose and D (+) lactose mono hydrates in aqueous solution of sodium butyrate solutions have been determined experimentally at 308 K. The results obtained from density and viscosity measurement have been used to calculate the, apparent molal volume фv, partial molal volume ф 0 v, transfer volume ∆ф 0 tr at infinite dilution, A and B coefficient and Sv experimental slope. The results are interpreted in terms of solute-co-solute and solute-solvent interactions in these systems. It has been observed that there exist strong solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions and complex formation between in these ternary systems. The properties of the D (+) galactose and D (+) lactose mono hydrates in aqueous solution of sodium butyrate solutions are discussed in terms of the structure making and hydrogen bonding effect.
International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research, 2019
The research purpose was to determine the utilization of bay meal (SyzygiumpolyanthumWalp) microf... more The research purpose was to determine the utilization of bay meal (SyzygiumpolyanthumWalp) microflora, and carcass quality of broiler. The research method was used completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The materials used for this research were 80 unsex 15 days old with average body weight 307.725±22.17 g/head. The treatments used for research were dietary with T0 (basal feed), T1 (basal feed + 1% bay leaf meal), T2 (basal feed + 2% bay leaf meal), T3 (basal feed + 3% bay leaf meal), T4 (basal feed + 4% bay leaf meal). The parameters observed were intestinal characteristic bacteria (lactic acid bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella sp.) and (carcass percentage, abdominal fat, organ visceral weight, breast meat cholesterol). The data analysis was the analysis of variance (anova) and continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that using bay leaf effect as in feed has significant difference (P<0.05) on lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli and significantly different (P<0.01) (breast meat cholesterol) but didn't significant difference (P>0.05) on carcass percentage, abdominal fat and organ visceral weight. The addition of 4% bay leaf gave the best effect on microflora, and breast cholesterol quality of broiler.
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volume 6 issue 11 by INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH I J E T M R JOURNAL