Tree Diagram

This chapbook examines the aestheticization of plants in colonial discourses and charts visualizations of art histories that use the tree as a metaphor. In doing so, Miriam Oesterreich considers how ‘tropicalized’ tree forms have been reappropriated to portray a more ‘worlded’ art history. In the mid-twentieth century, prominent visual artists including Miguel Covarrubias, Alfred Barr, and Ad Reinhardt featured trees of art as canonizing illustrations of Western art history. Using Pablo León de la Barra’s poster Diagrama Tropical/Nova Cartografia Tropical (2010) as a starting point Branching Out discusses works by contemporary artists from Latin America and the Caribbean to look at the subversive potential in reimagining plant images and metaphors.

This paper describes threat identification process for electronic health records systems. Identification of threats is the first step in developing more secure health care applications and it is especially useful if done in the initial phase of the application development. The recent increase in number and severity of attacks on health care applications show, how important is to focus on cyber security. The process of threat identification is explained with three different tools for threat identification: attack tree diagram, data flow diagram and process flow diagram. Then the three most common threat models are explained in relation with the electronic health records systems: STRIDE, CIA and LINDDUN. The comparison of the three treat identification tools is practically demonstrated on an use case scenario of an electronic health records system which is currently being piloted in Ghana and Indonesia. For data flow diagram, Microsoft Threat Modeling Tool is selected to automatically generate threats using the STRIDE model. Generated threats are then compared to the threats identified manually with the attack tree diagram. The process flow diagram is utilized to visualize users' interactions with the electronic health records system. Based on the identified threats, counter measures are suggested to limit the vulnerabilities of similar electronic health record systems. • Security and privacy → Domain-specific security and privacy architectures; Vulnerability management.

Motivated by path-integral numerical solutions of diffusion processes, PAT HINT,wepresent an ew tree algorithm, PAT HTREE, which permits extremely fast accurate computation of probability distributions of a large class of general nonlinear diffusion processes.

The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of high school students’ learning of probability in a context where they are supported by the statistical software R. We report on the application of a teaching experiment, constructed using the perspective of Gal’s probabilistic literacy and Papert’s constructionism. The results show improvement in students’ learning of basic concepts, such as: random experiment, estimation of probabilities, and calculation of probabilities using a tree diagram. The use of R allowed students to extend their reasoning beyond that developed from paper-and-pencil approaches, since it made it possible for them to work with a larger number of simulations, and go beyond the standard equiprobability assumption in coin tosses. First published November 2014 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives

The expectation and confirmation emerging as one of problem-solving strategies in the elementary school is a strategy that does not limited in the elementary school but used in the middle and high school. This strategy inevitably requires a process of adjustment that affected by the earlier expectation. Such an adjustment raised expectation and confirmation to one of effective problem-solving strategies. The adjustment is especially important to carry out the strategy effectively. The aim of this study was to conduct basic research on cognitive characteristics appearing to students when they carried out the expectation and confirmation strategy. We investigated and analyzed this in term of adjustment of expectation. To do this, we examined 50 5th graders' response in three kinds of word problems and interviewed with 4 participants who is using the expectation and confirmation strategy. The interview was conducted by using the items or solutions used in the test. From this, we tried to check students' cognitive characteristics and recognition on it's value. Furthermore we proposed the pedagogical implications associated with these results.

Recent textual studies on Christian religion have paid special attention to the use of language resources in the Holy Bible. The rhetorical question, one of these resources, has been viewed largely from a sociolinguistic perspective. Although the rhetorical question has been generally defined as a question that is structurally the same as other questions, there are concerns that this may not be the case in every rhetorical question.  Using Noam Chomsky’s Bounding theory, the paper analyses the structure and functions of RQs in the biblical books of "Proverbs" and "Ecclesiastes". The data comprises fifty sampled rhetorical questions (RQs) from the Message translation. The analysis reveals that RQs take the forms of wh-, yes-no, declarative and elliptical questions. However, it is also observed that certain lexical items such as adverbs are chosen by the writer to give the questions they appear in rhetorical effects. Thereby proving that questions could be rhetorical not only by virtue of their functions but also by virtue of their syntactic composition. It is discovered that the RQs in the examined books are used to assert, criticize, admonish, provoke thought, and reiterate instructions. Also, the writer of the texts frames certain assertions as RQs for stylistic purposes. The stylistic use of RQs in the Message Bible adds to its contemporary language quality.

This study aims to analyze about sentence patterns that used in westlife’s song lyrics. It was qualitative descriptive research with tree diagram theory by Bornstein.  The data source of this study is Westlife album entitled Coast to Coast produced in 2000. To collect the data, the writer choose three songs lyrics such as My Love, I Lay My Love on You and I Have a Dream. The findings of this research were in the first song My Love there are 5 types of sentence patterns S àNP + VP (10 data), SàVP + NP (3 data), SàCP + NP + VP (3 data), SàAdv. P + NP + VP (2 data), Sà PP+ NP (7 data). In the second song I Lay My Love on You there are 6 types of sentence patterns SàAdv.P + NP + VP (2 data), SàNP + VP (10 data), SàCP + NP + VP (1 data), SàNP + CP +NP (2 data), SàAdj.P + VP (1 data), Sà     PP + NP + VP (2 data). In the third song I Have a Dream there are 4 types of sentence patterns SàNP + VP (13 data), SàVP + NP (2 data), SàCP + NP + VP (4 data), SàAdj.P + CP + NP...

The research aimed to find out to find out whether the use of educandy media reinforce students' memory in learning English vocabulary.The research applied Pre-Experimental Method using pre-test and post-test research and collect the data use pre-test and post-test instruments. The sample in the research was 20 students grade 7th Junior High school of SMP 3 Papalang. The data obtained was also analysed using SPSS Aplication versi 25. Based on the research findings, the reinforce students' memory in learning English vocabulary before use the educandy media show in pre-test was 27, and after use the educandy media the reinforce students, memory in learning vocabulary become 75.50, the occurrence of this significant increase in students' memory in learning English use educandy media. Therefore based on these result, it is recommended to use the educandy media at English subject, especially to increase the students' vocabulary.

This research aimed to investigate Google Classroom's effect on blended learning on university students' English ability. This research utilized a quasi-experimental design which included experimental and control group design. The study participants comprised 68 students in the first semester at STMIK-AMIK Riau in Pekanbaru-Riau, Indonesia. This research instrument was an achievement test in multiple-choice questions administered to the participants in pre-test and post-test. The quantitative data were collected by using pretest and post-test to gauge the students' English ability before and after conducting the treatments in both groups. The finding revealed that statistically, there was a significant difference in the mean score between the experimental and control group in the post-test. The experimental group that learned English through Google Classroom in blended learning achieved a significantly higher score than control group that learned English through the conventional method. It was proved that the t-test was higher than the t-table value (5.270>2.042) at the level of significance 0.05 and p=0.000. This study concluded that blended learning through Google Classroom had contributed to the improvement of students' English ability.

Requirements for the Article to be Published 1. The journal "Inzinerine Ekonomika-Engineering Economics" is issued five times a year (February, March, June, October and December). 2. Scientific articles should be presented not later than two months before the issue of a necessary number. 3. Presented articles are assessed by two experts. 4. The article should be prepared by Microsoft Word text editor. 5. The text should be laid out on A4 format (210 x 297 mm) page with the following margins: top-20 mm, bottom-25 mm, left and right-18 mm. 6. The article is written in the English language: * Title of the article; * Full name of the author; * Author's working place and its address; * E-mail; * Abstract in the English language (approximately 3000 printed characters and not less than five key words; * Introduction (the scientific problem of the article, its novelty, aim, objective, research methods); * The text revealing who has already dealt with the problem being researched in Lithuania and foreign countries and give the surname and the year of presentation (e.g., Ciarniene, 2008); * Conclusions;

The typical problem in Data Science is creating a structure that encodes the occurrence frequency of unique elements in rows and relations between different rows of a data frame. We present the probability tree abstract data structure, an extension of the decision tree, that facilitates more than two choices with assigned probabilities. Such a tree represents statistical relations between different rows of the data frame. The Probability Tree algorithmic structure is supplied with the Generator module that is a Monte Carlo generator that traverses through the tree. These two components are implemented in TreeGen Python package. The package can be used in increasing data multiplicity, compressing data preserving its statistical information, constructing hierarchical models, exploring data, and in feature extraction.

Although English has been taught in schools starting from elementary to    junior high school levels, the fact shows that many student still difficult to read English texts. They may read fast but get nothing or they need a very long time to understand the texts. It means that they are not effective readers. It can be assumed that their comprehension skill is not good. Dealing with these phenomena, the teacher be given another technique to make their student to be effective readers. Because of that the teacher uses story mapping to solve the students’ problem. So we expect that this technique helps students to deepen their reading comprehension and ability to apply story mapping teaching strategies

The purpose of this research is to find out the correlation between vocabulary mastery and reading comprehension of the tenth Grade students of SMAN 14 Sigi. This research used quantitative with correlational approach. The sample was 42 students which was taken by using all population sampling/all sampling technique. The instruments used to collect the data were the vocabulary and reading comprehension test in multiple choices form. All the data gained in this research were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Formula. The result shows that the obtained r value is 0.703. it is categorized in “Substantial” correlation. It indicated that there is positive correlation between vocabulary mastery and reading comprehension of the tenth grade students of SMAN 14 Sigi. Vocabulary contributes significantly to their reading comprehension. When they mastered the vocabulary, it will be easier for them to comprehend the reading. In the other words, vocabulary affect the reading comprehension an...

Requirements for the Article to be Published 1. The journal "Inzinerine Ekonomika-Engineering Economics" is issued five times a year (February, March, June, October and December). 2. Scientific articles should be presented not later than two months before the issue of a necessary number. 3. Presented articles are assessed by two experts. 4. The article should be prepared by Microsoft Word text editor. 5. The text should be laid out on A4 format (210 x 297 mm) page with the following margins: top-20 mm, bottom-25 mm, left and right-18 mm. 6. The article is written in the English language: * Title of the article; * Full name of the author; * Author's working place and its address; * E-mail; * Abstract in the English language (approximately 3000 printed characters and not less than five key words; * Introduction (the scientific problem of the article, its novelty, aim, objective, research methods); * The text revealing who has already dealt with the problem being researched in Lithuania and foreign countries and give the surname and the year of presentation (e.g., Ciarniene, 2008); * Conclusions;

Requirements for the Article to be Published 1. The journal "Inzinerine Ekonomika-Engineering Economics" is issued five times a year (February, March, June, October and December). 2. Scientific articles should be presented not later than two months before the issue of a necessary number. 3. Presented articles are assessed by two experts. 4. The article should be prepared by Microsoft Word text editor. 5. The text should be laid out on A4 format (210 x 297 mm) page with the following margins: top-20 mm, bottom-25 mm, left and right-18 mm. 6. The article is written in the English language: * Title of the article; * Full name of the author; * Author's working place and its address; * E-mail; * Abstract in the English language (approximately 3000 printed characters and not less than five key words; * Introduction (the scientific problem of the article, its novelty, aim, objective, research methods); * The text revealing who has already dealt with the problem being researched in Lithuania and foreign countries and give the surname and the year of presentation (e.g., Ciarniene, 2008); * Conclusions;

The purpose of this research is to know whether the implementation of CIRC in improving writing skill of the eight grade students of SMP Negeri 4 Palu. The researcher applied quasi experimental research design. The purposive sampling technique was selected in this research to draw the sample. The samples were VIII Manggis as the experimental group and VIII Cempedak as the control group were the number of students were 35. The test which question form was used as the instrument in gathering the data. The data gathered were analyzed statically. The pretest was given to experimental and control group before the treatments were given. After that, the experimental group got the treatment while the control group did not receive any treatment.the posttest was given to both groups. The pretest mean score of the experimental group 39,34 and the control group was 51.08. while,the posttest mean score of the experimental group was 79,78 and the control group was 71,03. After analyzing the data,...

Introduction: Encyclopedias and their compilation have become so prevalent as a valid cultural medium in the world. The daily development of computer industry and the expansion of various sciences have made indispensable the compilation of electronic, specialized encyclopedias, especially the web-based ones. Materials and Methods: This is an applied-developmental study conducted in 2014. First, the main terms in the field of medical informatics were gathered using MeSH Online 2014 and the supplementary terms of each were determined, and then the tree diagram of the terms was drawn based on their relationship in MeSH. Based on the studies done by the researchers, the tree diagram of the encyclopedia was drawn with respect to the existing areas in this field, and the terms gathered were put in related domains. Findings: In MeSH, 75 preferred terms together with 249 supplementary ones were indexed. One of the informatics' sub-branches is biomedical informatics and health which itself consists of three subdivisions of bioinformatics, clinical informatics, and health informatics. Medical informatics which is a subdivision of clinical informatics has developed from the three fields of medical sciences, management and social sciences, and computational sciences and mathematics. Results and Discussion: Medical Informatics is created of confluence and fusion and applications of the three major scientific branches include health and biological sciences, social sciences and management sciences, computing and mathematical sciences, and according to that the structure of MeSH is weak for future development of Encyclopedia of Medical Informatics.

This study analyzed the contradictions and transformation in the performance of students participating in Non-contact Physics Experiment Lessons (NPEL) using the experiment box and video letter, based on cultural-historical activity theory. As part of NPEL lessons, students conducted the experiments at home using a box containing experimental materials; they recorded and shared the process and results of the experiments in the form of the video letters. For 25 sixth-grade elementary students, 36 lessons were conducted to cover three different physics topics. The students' activity system was analyzed for six elements, based on the recorded lessons, personal reflection, and the video letters produced by them. Contradictions that occurred early during the activities induced new ways of approaching the task, the objective of which was to help everyone carry out the experiments successfully and create the video letters. This led to the formation of a community of practice in which all the students participated and helped one another to learn how to use online tools. This study is significant in that it studied the transformation process of NPEL through the analysis of contradictions of them, which were introduced rapidly.

Tree Diagram has been familiarly known as one of the tools used to solve or to make decision for problems that have some alternatives of solutions. But usually the outcome of the diagram are deterministicly approached. This paper suggested Monte Carlo Simulation to approach the deterministic aspect of outcome to become probabilistic. But there are some asumtions of the diagram must be change to adjust the Monte Carlo Approach.

Draw tree diagrams for the following sentences.
1. Jim must be very happy that the university has accepted him.
2. Angela is saying that the others have departed.
3. The parents were wondering whether he was getting bored.
4. They had all seemed very keen for students to ask questions.
5. The candidates were all told that very few would be successful.

This article is devoted to give a self-contained presentation of classification of atoms of probability space as equivalent or non-equivalent. It will be established that an event, i.e., a member of a σ-field of a probability space can contains uncountable many equivalent atoms. We will show that the relation of being equivalent atoms is an equivalence relation. An independent proof will enable us to state that an event of a probability space with σ-finite probability measure can contains at most countable many non-equivalent atoms. We will also establish that for a purely atomic probability space with σ-finite probability measure, probability measure of every event is equal to the sum of the probability measures of its non-equivalent atoms. We will also justify that in some of the results, the probability space and respective probability measure can be replaced as measure space and respective measure.

The objective of this research is to find the effect of problem-based learning to the speaking ability of the tenth grade students at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Palu. This research employed experimental research of quasi-experimental design. The samples were the students of X Farmasi as the experimental group and the students of X TKJ A  as the control group. They were selected using convenience sampling technique. The data were collected through pretest and posttest analyzed by using t-test formula to compare the mean score of the experimental and control groups. The result of the data analysis shows that t-table (1.968) higher than t-value (0.96), so the hypothesis is rejected. It means problem-based learning has no effect significantly to the students speaking ability. That  caused by several factors such as situation, teaching implementation, and students participation.

Students who have learned arithmetic in elementary mathematics would learn algebra in middle schools in earnest. So, the transition from arithmetical thinking to algebraic thinking is an important success factor for algebra learning. Therefore, in this study, 64 sixth graders solved the problems of near generalization and far generalization concerning the generalization of some figure patterns. Subsequently we analyzed their problem solving. As a result of the analysis, several cases of students having difficulties in performing algebraic generalization were identified. Through the discussion of the research results, several pedagogical implications were drawn to support the transition from arithmetical thinking to algebraic thinking in elementary school students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how to incorporate English vocabulary among the third-grade students of MI NU Miftahul Huda 01 Karangmalang Gebog Kudus and its challenges. This study employed a qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Data were garnered through observation, interviews to the headmaster, teachers and students of MI NU Miftahul Huda 01 Karangmalang Gebog, and documentation. The results showed that the English vocabularies of students have significantly improved. It was evidenced by the enthusiastic response of students when participating in the learning process using poster media. In addition, through the use of poster media, students can easily memorize English vocabulary and its meanings on the poster media. Moreover, they are also able to pronounce English vocabulary. However, the obstacles of using poster media in teaching vocabulary include lack of motivation and confidence. This study offers an implication on the importance of using media i...

The objective of this research is to find the effect of problem-based learning to the speaking ability of the tenth grade students at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Palu. This research employed experimental research of quasi-experimental design. The samples were the students of X Farmasi as the experimental group and the students of X TKJ A  as the control group. They were selected using convenience sampling technique. The data were collected through pretest and posttest analyzed by using t-test formula to compare the mean score of the experimental and control groups. The result of the data analysis shows that t-table (1.968) higher than t-value (0.96), so the hypothesis is rejected. It means problem-based learning has no effect significantly to the students speaking ability. That  caused by several factors such as situation, teaching implementation, and students participation.

Vocabulary is an essential means in conducting communication. It plays an important part in listening, speaking, reading and writing. Developing students’ vocabulary is one of the important tasks for English teachers. The researcher as a teacher used jigsaw as a technique in teaching vocabulary. Mastering English vocabularies is the first key to master English well. Jigsaw strategy is an efficient way to learn the course material in a cooperative learning style . The purpose of this study is to improve the students’ vocabulary using jigsaw. This is a classroom action research. The result shows that after implementing the jigsaw, the students’ vocabulary had a strong improvement. The students’ improvement can be seen from the students’ participation during the lesson and their score. The use of jigsaw had given a positive effect to the students’ vocabulary ability. The effect was not only for their vocabulary but also for their motivation and their interest to English. Keywords: Jigs...

Problem in this research was whether the use of traditional game Kabente has a significant effect on students’ vocabulary mastery. While the objective of this research was to know the significance effect of traditional game Kabente n students ocabularymastery at grade VII A SMP Negeri 1 Siompu Barat. This research was pre experimental research. The population of the research were all grade II students of SMPNegeri 1 Siompu Barat which consisted of 3 classes with total 79 students. Sample in this research was taken with random sampling technique. Sample of the research was class VII A consisted of 25 students. Instrument which used in this research was test. Research outcome obtained showed that the mean score in pre-test was 36.36, while in post-test was 80.06. From hypotehis test result by using t test, obtained tcount = 2.54 and obtained significant value 0.00<0.050. therefore, it could be concluded that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. Therefore, the application of traditi...

Au Moyen Âge, nombreux sont les domaines du savoir (comme les arts libéraux), de la spiritualité (comme la méditation christologique) et de la morale (comme les vices et les vertus) qui font l’objet d’une organisation diagrammatique par le biais d’arbres répartiteurs. Ces arbres favorisent la visualisation d’une matière en en décomposant les parties et en permettant une accessibilité graduée à son contenu. En particulier à partir du XIIe siècle, les arbres répartiteurs constituent fréquemment des matrices exégétiques et mnémotechniques, plus largement cognitives, grâce auxquelles il est possible de modéliser, c’est-à-dire de refléter et/ou de produire, un cheminement vers la sagesse ou la connaissance.
Dans un précédent article et, de manière plus approfondie, dans notre thèse de doctorat, nous avons dressé un panorama synthétique des différentes modalités selon lesquelles les arbres répartiteurs innervent le champ du sonore dans la seconde moitié du Moyen Âge et au début de l’époque moderne. En s’appuyant sur ce panorama, voire en en remaniant certains points, la présente contribution partira d’un constat : visionner de nombreux manuscrits latins comportant des copies d’auctoritates telles que Boèce, Cassiodore ou Isidore de Séville, ainsi que des écrits encyclopédiques et des manuels sur l’un des arts du quadrivium, voire sur la musique elle-même, conduit à s’apercevoir que, en dehors de graphes reflétant des divisiones des parties et des contenus de la musique, ces manuscrits ne comportent quasiment aucun arbre répartiteur. Cette absence, qui singularise la musique par rapport à d’autres domaines du savoir, peut s’expliquer par le fait que, dès l’Antiquité, d’autres figures concurrencent les arbres pour modéliser les savoirs musicaux – la plupart du temps, des schémas tendanciellement diagrammatiques du monocorde, pourvus d’arcs de cercle figurant les rapports d’intervalles sonores. Quoi qu’il en soit, dans la seconde moitié du Moyen Âge, et en dehors des graphes, il n’existe guère, à notre connaissance, que quelques types d’arbres répartiteurs traitant de la musique en donnant à voir autre chose que des divisiones de cette dernière en tant qu’art libéral – par exemple, un arbre matérialisant des considérations du chapitre XVI du Micrologus, que Guido d’Arezzo (992-après 1033) rédige entre 1025 et 1026 ; un arbre figurant les correspondances entre les hauteurs des sons et la distance qui sépare les planètes à partir du De musica de Boèce (vers 480-524) ; ou encore un ensemble d’arbres rendant compte des rapports rapports mathématiques permettant d'exprimer arithmétiquement des intervalles musicaux que Johannes Vetulus de Anagnia (fl. XIVe siècle) élabore dans le Liber de musica.
Notre contribution se propose d’effectuer un examen diagrammatologique approfondi du premier de ces trois arbres, qui porte sur l’organisation du son et des neumes, et qui n’a fait l’objet d’aucune étude monographique. Elle se fondera sur une lecture du texte de Guido d’Arezzo, qui ne confère à sa figure aucune forme spécifique : il se contente, écrit-il, de « joindre […] une description pour que la vue facilite la progression » (« descriptionem subjecimus, quo facilior per oculos via sit »), c’est-à-dire de fournir au lecteur un moyen visuel heuristique (une « descriptio ») chargé de matérialiser le déploiement de son raisonnement. Dans les copies médiévales du Micrologus, cette figure est un diagramme qui adopte généralement une forme scalaire ou dispose d’une forme propre reposant sur un réseau de délinéations graphiques [fig. 1]. Toutefois, au verso du folio 84 du manuscrit latin 7211 de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, copié au XIIe siècle au scriptorium de l’abbaye Saint-Pierre de Luxeuil, la culture diagrammatique de l’arbre croise la diagrammatisation de la pensée de Guido d’Arezzo : la « descriptio » y adopte une figuration végétale [fig. 2], témoignant de l’engouement pour l’efficacité opératoire de l’arbre dans les années 1100. Cette figure modélise, en le simplifiant à l’extrême, le contenu du chapitre XVI du Micrologus. Mais, pour deux raisons, elle va curieusement à l’encontre à la fois du propos de Guido d’Arezzo et de l’opérativité de la forme diagrammatique de l’arbre, desservant par là tant le raisonnement que l’utilité d’y adjoindre une figure heuristique. La contribution examinera les modalités formelles, figuratives et fonctionnelles de cet arbre, cherchera à comprendre ses limites morphogénétiques, et visera à déterminer l’origine de, s’il en est, ce paradoxe diagrammatologique.

A new phenomenon, against the process approaches of internationalisation, born globals show that firms can be global short after their inception attracts most of the researchers' attention in the last two decades. The most denominators in born global research are probably the importance of the entrepreneur and managerial characteristics. Researches on born globals stress the role of managerial characteristics as influences on the export behaviour of the firm. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify and analyse the common characteristics and behaviours of entrepreneurs and managers that affect the establishment of born global firms in Turkey. The study was designed to be qualitative in nature. It provides empirical qualitative data through case studies so that insights can be obtained directly from the entrepreneurs/managers. The samples consist of six born global firms from Ankara-Turkey. Obtained characteristics presented in a tree diagram, were classified through taxonomy. When the results of this study compared with the previous studies, there were both common and some different characteristics about entrepreneurs of born global firms of Turkey as an emerging economy in Asia. In this respect, we suppose that, the study contributed critically to the born global literature.

This study was aimed to examine the effectiveness of using the Tree Diagram technique to enhance mastery of vocabulary in seventh-grade students of MTs Miftahul Huda Bulungan in the academic year 2021/2022. Quasi-experimental with non-equivalent control group design was used as the research design. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling and involved two classes which included 33 students in the experimental group and 32 students in the control group. The instruments were 20 multiple-choice questions and 5 essay questions. A T-test was used to analyze the data. The result of the t-test was 2,786>1,670. The Null Hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. There was a significant difference in mean scores of pretest and posttest which indicated that the tree diagram technique took a good effect on the students’ vocabulary mastery. This study concluded that the implementation of the tree diagram was effective to improve the students’ vocabulary mastery

This study aims at seeing the effect of students’ ability in speaking using Mind Mapping Board (MMB).  There are 30 students who consists of 14 female and 16 male students at seven grade of one of Junior High School Kudus. The data collection is collected by interview, observation, questionnaire, and test. The research design used was Quasi Expreriment. It is used to know the effectiveness of MMB using two treatments, namely pre-treatment and post-treatment. By mind mapping, the ideas will be elaborated well and organized into framework of mapping. MMB is a media used to help students to extend their creative ideas and help them to be able to communicate. Communication skill plays an important role in supporting the 4.0 industrial revolution. Finally, MMB media is an effective way for students to organize concepts and ideas to support their speaking skills and prepare communication skills in the era of industrial revolution 4.0. 

The research aimed to find out whether the implementation of Educandy Media reinforce students memory in learning English Vocabulary of seventh grade students atwsz SMPN 3 Papalang or not. This emphasizes on reinforce students vocabulary in learning process. This research used a pre-experimental method, with One Group Pretest posttest design consisting of six meetings and treatment. The number of samples is 20 students of seventh class. The data obtained by multiple choice questions in the form of noun material around. The results of calculation using SPSS 25 showed that the everage score of students’ vocabulary development was 27,00 in pre-test, and become 75,50 in post-test. Vocabulary development is supported by the t-test value which is greater than t-table value (4,687 > 1,729). Therefore, the alternative is accepted and null hypothesis is rejected. Based on analysis of the result, the researcher concluded that using Educandy media to reinforce students’ memory and improve t...

The Pleiades main sequence is intrinsically of very small width. Disturbances to this width come primarily from three sources: local interstellar reddening related to the re ection nebulae, multiplicity and variations in the distance moduli related to the size of the cluster 20 pc diameter. Walraven 5channel photometry can be used to remove most of the reddening related e ects. A full literature survey was made concerning multiplicity to provide information needed to correct for multiplicity e ects. The locus of the resulting corrected main sequence can be determined using Hipparcos parallaxes van Leeuwen & Hansen-Ruiz 1997, providing a well dened observational isochrone for the study of stellar evolution and stellar structure. Preliminary results are presented.

Requirements for the Article to be Published 1. The journal "Inzinerine Ekonomika-Engineering Economics" is issued five times a year (February, March, June, October and December). 2. Scientific articles should be presented not later than two months before the issue of a necessary number. 3. Presented articles are assessed by two experts. 4. The article should be prepared by Microsoft Word text editor. 5. The text should be laid out on A4 format (210 x 297 mm) page with the following margins: top-20 mm, bottom-25 mm, left and right-18 mm. 6. The article is written in the English language: * Title of the article; * Full name of the author; * Author's working place and its address; * E-mail; * Abstract in the English language (approximately 3000 printed characters and not less than five key words; * Introduction (the scientific problem of the article, its novelty, aim, objective, research methods); * The text revealing who has already dealt with the problem being researched in Lithuania and foreign countries and give the surname and the year of presentation (e.g., Ciarniene, 2008); * Conclusions;

Requirements for the Article to be Published 1. The journal "Inzinerine Ekonomika-Engineering Economics" is issued five times a year (February, March, June, October and December). 2. Scientific articles should be presented not later than two months before the issue of a necessary number. 3. Presented articles are assessed by two experts. 4. The article should be prepared by Microsoft Word text editor. 5. The text should be laid out on A4 format (210 x 297 mm) page with the following margins: top-20 mm, bottom-25 mm, left and right-18 mm. 6. The article is written in the English language: * Title of the article; * Full name of the author; * Author's working place and its address; * E-mail; * Abstract in the English language (approximately 3000 printed characters and not less than five key words; * Introduction (the scientific problem of the article, its novelty, aim, objective, research methods); * The text revealing who has already dealt with the problem being researched in Lithuania and foreign countries and give the surname and the year of presentation (e.g., Ciarniene, 2008); * Conclusions;

The aim of this paper is to investigate the reliability parameters estimation method for the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems using the fault tree analysis (FTA) technique. FTA is a top-down approach to identify all potential causes leading to system failure. The computation of the system's failure probability is the main goal of this analysis, as this value can be used to calculate other important system reliability parameters such as failure rates, mean time between failures (MTBFs) and reliability. In this paper, the FTA method was applied to five different UPS topologies and the results obtained were compared and discussed in detail. By comparing the critical fault path of the system, it was found that the inverter failures contributed most significantly to the system failure. It was also found that the probability of failure of a UPS system can be reduced by the inclusion of bypass supply, given that the failure rate of the events that causing the failure of the bypass supply should be lower compared to the main utility supply. Finally, to validate the results obtained from this method, comparisons were made to the results from other methods such as the reliability block diagram (RBD), Boolean Truth Table, probability tree, Monte-Carlo simulation and field data reliability estimation methods.

The authors of the present work offer the developed model of suggesting solutions to structural, technological and safety problems based on the use of a tree diagram as a tool for decision analysis and visualization. The model is aimed at integrating solutions worked out in the considered areas into a single variant as a research object. A multi-stage decision model reflecting a set of the available combinations of alternatives is developed. The branches of the tree diagram are interlinked based on the inherent relations between building structures, technologies and work safety. The interaction and interrelationship between the criteria describing the above issues affect each criterion in a very specific way. The performance of the system allows the authors to evaluate the effect of each criterion and its interaction with other criteria, which in turn helps with choosing appropriate solutions to solving structural, technological and safety problems. Santrauka Šiame darbe autoriai su...

Speaking is one of language skills that should be mastered by the students. The students’ speaking ability of MTs Al-HikmahBandar Lampung is still low. It can be seen from the students’ speaking score in preliminary research. There were 59.05% of the students who got the score under 70 as the criteria of minimum mastery. To solve the problem, the researcher applied Acting from a Script. Acting from a Script is kind of technique for teaching speaking in which the students make a dialog of a play based on certain topic and act it out with the group. The objective of this research is to know whether there is a significant influence of using Acting from a Script towards students’ speaking ability at the second semester of the seventh grade of MTs Al- Hikmah Bandar Lampung in the 2016/2017 academic year. The research methodologywas quasi experimental design. In this research, the population was the seventh grade of MTsAl-HikmahBandar Lampung. The sample of this research was two classes c...

A new phenomenon, against the process approaches of internationalisation, born globals show that firms can be global short after their inception attracts most of the researchers' attention in the last two decades. The most denominators in born global research are probably the importance of the entrepreneur and managerial characteristics. Researches on born globals stress the role of managerial characteristics as influences on the export behaviour of the firm. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify and analyse the common characteristics and behaviours of entrepreneurs and managers that affect the establishment of born global firms in Turkey. The study was designed to be qualitative in nature. It provides empirical qualitative data through case studies so that insights can be obtained directly from the entrepreneurs/managers. The samples consist of six born global firms from Ankara-Turkey. Obtained characteristics presented in a tree diagram, were classified through taxonomy. When the results of this study compared with the previous studies, there were both common and some different characteristics about entrepreneurs of born global firms of Turkey as an emerging economy in Asia. In this respect, we suppose that, the study contributed critically to the born global literature.

The aims of the research was to find out if there is influence of using Fishbone Ishikawa to improve students’ writing skill of the first semester students of English Education Study Program Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Bandar Lampung University. This research is an experimental research design which  measure  the score of pre-test and post-test as an instrument to know whether there is an influence of fishbone ishikawa or not. The subject of this research is consisted of 50 students which are divided into experimental class and control class. The data is analyzed by using t-Test for two group design. The result showed that the students’ mean score of experimental and Control class in post-test is significantly different. It shows the t-value is 4.67, and it showed that t-value is higher than p-value 0.05 (2.0106) and 0.01 (2.6822). Therefore, null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. It means that there is an impact of using fishbo...

Speaking is one of language skills that should be mastered by the students. The students’ speaking ability of MTs Al-HikmahBandar Lampung is still low. It can be seen from the students’ speaking score in preliminary research. There were 59.05% of the students who got the score under 70 as the criteria of minimum mastery. To solve the problem, the researcher applied Acting from a Script. Acting from a Script is kind of technique for teaching speaking in which the students make a dialog of a play based on certain topic and act it out with the group. The objective of this research is to know whether there is a significant influence of using Acting from a Script towards students’ speaking ability at the second semester of the seventh grade of MTs Al- Hikmah Bandar Lampung in the 2016/2017 academic year. The research methodologywas quasi experimental design. In this research, the population was the seventh grade of MTsAl-HikmahBandar Lampung. The sample of this research was two classes c...

The purpose of this study was to find out if there was a positive correlation between students' vocabulary skills and descriptive reading. These was a correlational research methodology by using test of students’ vocabulary knowledge and assess descriptive reading skills. The study used SPSS to assess the relation between students' vocabulary knowledge and descriptive reading skills. The significant value was 0.000 ≤ 0.005, indicating that there was a relation among vocabulary competency and descriptive reading ability among the students. According to the data, 0.700 is the value of the correlation coefficient. So, based on ranges of correlation from 0.60 up to 0.799, it is clear that there was a strong degree of relevance relationship which means that the correlation was indicating a high level of correlation.

Pronunciation is the sound of production words used by someone to communicate creates, and conveys meaning with others. It is useful for the listeners to understand a suitable flow in communication. However, when the researcher had done observation at the eighth grade of SMP Negeri 7 Kotabumi, the researcher found that some of the students have low ability in speaking ability. The purpose of this research is to investigate whether there is significant correlation between students' pronunciation mastery and their speaking ability of the eighth grade in SMP N 7 Kotabumi academic year 2021/2022. The population in this research was eight classes of the eighth grade in SMPN 07 Kotabumi which consist of 256 students. The instrument used to collect the data of pronunciation mastery and speaking ability were an oral test. After collected data, it was analyzed by pearson product moment, and the results of statistical data analysis of this research was robserved > rtable (32) (0.05) or...