Social and Behavioural Health Sciences

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This talk examined how behavioural health economics can contribute to addressing the climate crisis by focusing on the interaction between human decision-making, health outcomes, and environmental stress. Climate change alters the psychological and economic conditions under which people make health-related choices, often leading to suboptimal behaviours that increase vulnerability and inequality. By integrating behavioural insights into climate and health policies, we can design interventions that not only reduce risk but also promote adaptive, sustainable behaviours that support global well-being.

Focusing on both its advantages and drawbacks, this study looks at how social media use affects the academic performance of Bangladeshi university students. As digital platforms increasingly become part of daily life, social media has transformed how students learn, interact with peers, and manage their academic responsibilities. On the other hand, too much use has been connected to several academic difficulties, including poor concentration, poor time management, and declining academic performance. Using a structured questionnaire, data were gathered from 225 university students in Dhaka, Bangladesh, applying a quantitative research design. To assess the relationship between social media participation and academic performance, statistical analyses including correlation and comparative tests were done. The results show a clear negative correlation between students' capacity to concentrate, finish homework, and control academic stress and their use of social media. Emphasising the need for customised intervention strategies, gender-based changes in the effect of social media were also found. Social media presents chances for academic cooperation, resource sharing, and skill development, but overuse of it fuels academic disengagement and stress. These findings highlight the need for institutional policies, digital literacy campaigns, and moderation in social media use in order to minimise its negative academic consequences. Encouraging responsible social media use to maximise academic success, the study offers an insightful analysis for institutions, legislators, and students. Future studies should investigate long-term consequences and the influence of newly developing social media platforms on academic practices.

Introduction24-hour movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) during the early years are associated with health and developmental outcomes, prompting the WHO to develop Global guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. Prevalence data on 24-hour movement behaviours is lacking, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper describes the development of theSUNRISE International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Yearsprotocol, designed to address this gap.Methods and analysisSUNRISE is the first international cross-sectional study that aims to determine the proportion of 3- and 4-year-old children who meet the WHO Global guidelines. The study will assess if proportions differ by gender, urban/rural location and/or socioeconomic status. Executive function, motor skills and adiposity will be assessed and potential correlates of 24-hour movement behaviours examined. Pil...

Bangladesh has been profoundly impacted by the COVID-19 epidemic since March 2020. It affected various age
groups, occupations, and communities. Due to lockdowns, social distance, self-isolation or quarantine, medical
services crises, job losses, and future uncertainty, most of the people suffered physically and mentally. Especially,
long-term shut down of educational institutions and uncertainty in educational activities led the students into
psychological distress, even sometimes into psychological disorder. This study aimed to investigate the overall
scenario and psychological status of the students during the COVID-19 epidemic. Through a questionnaire survey,
464 responses were collected from university students who were selected by following a snowball sampling
method. The questionnaire contained the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale. Results indicated that
a significant number of the students (76.6%) were experiencing anxiety. Students' anxiety was significantly
influenced by their educational level, where delay and uncertainty about earning a bachelor's or master's degree
raised anxiety levels. Besides, female students were found more likely to be severely anxious. However, place of
residence, changes in family income, lived at during epidemic, got COVID-19, and relative or acquaintance got
COVID-19 had no significant effect on their anxiety. This study suggested that universities should prioritize mental
health resources with flexible learning environments and foster a sense of community to help students recover
and thrive in a post-pandemic world. And the government and educational institutions should work together to
address and resolve this regard.

Background: The COVID-19 epidemic has profoundly impacted the mental health of university students. This review investigates the psychosocial factors contributing to the mental health decline of Bangladeshi university students, particularly in Dhaka city, with the objective of identifying the primary elements exacerbating their mental health issues during the pandemic. Method: Employing a mixed-methods approach, this review integrates quantitative and qualitative data, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Data were extracted using MeSH keywords from databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Medline, and ARU-E-Library. Out of 822 initially identified publications, 24 met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis was used to investigate pertinent data, and studies were appraised using CASP and AXIS tools. Data interpretation involved SPSS and R, utilizing descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and regression analyses. Results: The review identified critical factors contributing to mental health deterioration, including financial hardships, academic disruption, social isolation, excessive smartphone use, and career instability. High prevalence rates of anxiety (61.2%), depression (64.7%), and stress (52.4%) were found. Inferential statistics revealed significant differences in mental health outcomes across demographic groups, with female students showing a 20% higher risk of anxiety and those living with parents showing a 15% higher risk of depression. Discussion: The results emphasize the multifaceted nature of the mental health challenges that students encounter. The transition to online learning, financial instability, and social isolation were substantial stressors. The review emphasizes the necessity of legislative changes and targeted mental health interventions. Conclusion: To address the mental health crisis among university students, policymakers must reform frameworks and provide support systems, including flexible learning models and targeted mental health interventions, to ensure students’ long-term well-being and academic success.
Key Words: COVID-19, Psychosocial impacts, Mental health deterioration, University students, Bangladesh, Systematic review

Introduction24-hour movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) during the early years are associated with health and developmental outcomes, prompting the WHO to develop Global guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. Prevalence data on 24-hour movement behaviours is lacking, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper describes the development of theSUNRISE International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Yearsprotocol, designed to address this gap.Methods and analysisSUNRISE is the first international cross-sectional study that aims to determine the proportion of 3- and 4-year-old children who meet the WHO Global guidelines. The study will assess if proportions differ by gender, urban/rural location and/or socioeconomic status. Executive function, motor skills and adiposity will be assessed and potential correlates of 24-hour movement behaviours examined. Pil...

Abstract
Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is a widely adopted approach to address health issues related to open defecation. While CLTS has shown success in arid and semi-arid regions, there is limited understanding of its implementation, particularly regarding the engagement and expertise of Community-Based Health Workers (CBHWs). This study aimed to assess the knowledge levels of CBHWs on the CLTS approach in Turkana County, Kenya. A community-based cross-sectional design was employed, involving 200 CBHWs and 430 households, selected through multistage sampling. Additionally, 21 key informants were purposively sampled. Quantitative data was managed and analysed using Excel and STATA version 17, employing both descriptive and inferential statistics.Qualitative data was analysed using NVivo, with thematic methods applied to identify key insights. The findings indicated that the majority of CBHWs in Turkana County possess a strong understanding of CLTS principles, with 75.51% of participants rating their knowledge as "Very Good" and 24.49% as "Excellent." Around 80% of CBHWs have undergone formal training in CLTS, primarily through workshops and seminars, reflecting the critical role of structured training in their effectiveness. This study underscored  the robust knowledge of CLTS among CBHWs in Turkana County. However, it also reveals certain knowledge gaps and challenges in the implementation process, highlighting the need for ongoing training and empowerment of CBHWs to enhance CLTS outcomes.
Keywords: Community-Based Health Workers, Community-Led Total Sanitation, Knowledge, Open Defecation, Open Defecation Free, Households.

For every organization to have continuity, especially media houses, there is a need for high level of commitment and general performance of its staffs. Therefore, the need to properly motivate employees to ensure high morale is essential. In this study, attention is given to BUK FM, Kano to evaluate the extent to which the FM Radio policy motivation has affected staff job performance. thus, the researcher tries to examine the perception of staff work experience and decision to stay. He also identifies challenges and opportunities that motivate staff while in the same line, this also proposes new mechanisms that would further enhance staff morale and subsequent job performance.
Motivation and job performance are crucial part of management, especially in media houses. That is why this essay is focusing on BUK FM as one of the media houses, and how the management use motivation policy to influence job performance.

MOTIVATION:
Motivation is the action of initiating, guiding, and encouraging someone to be goal-oriented so that they act inspired and achieve great things. This inspiration can be felt from within or someone else can ignite such feelings in others.
The word motivation is derived from Latin word “Movere” meaning o move. Hoy and Miskel opined that motivation is used to describe he complex forces, drives, tension state or other mechanisms that initiate and maintain voluntary activities directed towards the achievement of goal. Benson and Steiner (1964) described motivation as “an inner state that activates and moves.” Motivation is defined as “the intention of achieving a goal, leading to goal directed behavior.” (Columbia encyclopedia, 2004). Being motivated means the person is trying hard to accomplish a certain task based on certain factors. Motivation is clearly important for positive performance.
Ability—having the skills and knowledge required to perform the job—is also important and is sometimes the key determinant of effectiveness. Finally, environmental factors—having the resources, information, and support one needs to perform well—are also critical to determine performance.
What makes employees willing to “go the extra mile” to provide excellent service, market a company’s products effectively, or achieve the goals set for them? Answering questions like this is of utmost importance to understand and manage the work behavior of our peers, subordinates, and even supervisors. As with many questions involving human beings, the answers are anything but simple. Instead, there are several theories explaining the concept of motivation
According to this equation, motivation, ability, and environment are the major influences over employee performance. Mitchell, (1982). Porter, & Lawler, (1968) cited in Carpenter, Bauer, & Erdogan, (2012).
Mathis and Jackson (1982) put it thus “it is an emotion or desire needs) wants, drives and other semantically similar words as move”), operating on a person and causing the person to act.
Motivation according to this definition is much more concerned with the “whys” rather than “hows”, the whats and the wants of human behaviour. It attempts to account for the drives inside an individual other than describing the individual’s actions or behaviour.
Donelly, Gibson and Ivochivich (1984) 0pined that from a manager’s perspective a person who is motivated could be described as:
• The person works hard
• The person sustains a pace of handwork
• The person directs his behavior towards important goals.
The term "motivation" describes why a person does something. It is the driving force behind human actions. Motivation is the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors.  According to Koontz and O' Donnell “Motivation refers to the way in which urges, drivers, desires, aspiration, striving or needs direct, control or explain the behavior of human beings.” For instance, motivation is what helps you lose extra weight, or pushes you to get that promotion at work. In short, motivation causes you to act in a way that gets you closer to your goals. Motivation includes the biological, emotional, social, and cognitive forces that activate human behavior. Motivating employees is the number one problem facing today's economic environment. Employees are no longer interested in working overtime, or be punctual, according to: (Mata, Silva, Vieira, Carraça, Andrade, Coutinho, et al, 2009). “Motivation is generally more internally or more extrinsically oriented”. The old belief was that if you pay people properly, they will be motivated. However, today we may realize that people work only for money, but, meanwhile, they want to be satisfied with what they do.
Motivation is an important part of the media management process. Media Managers must build a true positive incentive structure that provides everyone that type of satisfaction that he is sensitive to. Individuals are unique and group norms differ from one organization to another. What can motivate a group of employees may have the opposite effect on another group.
Motivation also involves factors that direct and maintain goal-directed actions. Although, such motives are rarely directly observable. As a result, people must often infer the reasons why people do the things that they do based on observable behaviors.
Motivation is defined as “the intention of achieving a goal, leading to goal directed behavior.” (Columbia encyclopedia, 2004). Being motivated means the person is trying hard to accomplish a certain task based on certain factors. Motivation is clearly important for positive performance.
Ability—having the skills and knowledge required to perform the job—is also important and is sometimes the key determinant of effectiveness. Finally, environmental factors—having the resources, information, and support one needs to perform well—are also critical to determine performance.
What makes employees willing to “go the extra mile” to provide excellent service, market a company’s products effectively, or achieve the goals set for them? Answering questions like this is of utmost importance to understand and manage the work behavior of people peers, subordinates, and even supervisors. As with many questions involving human beings, the answers are anything but simple. Instead, there are several theories explaining the concept of motivation
According to this equation, motivation, ability, and environment are the major influences over employee performance. Mitchell, (1982). Porter, & Lawler, (1968) cited in Carpenter, Bauer, & Erdogan, (2012).
Definitions of Motivation According to Some Scholars
• “Motivation is a general term applying to the entire class of drives, needs, wishes and similar forces.” Mr. Brech. “Motivation is defined as the inner urge that moves or prompts” (Resnick, 2007).
• In furtherance, “Motivation is self-focused” (Bowman, 2007).
• Also, “Motivation is what moves us to act” (McDonough, 2007).
• “Motivation is the ‘want-to’ component of individuals’ actions” (King, & Teo, 2012)
• In continuation, “Motivation is an inner drive” (Locke & Baum, 2006).
• “Motivation is level of effort” (Pew, 2007).
• “Motivation is dependent on 3 psychological processes: arousal, direction and intensity” (Curral, L., & Marques-Quinteiro, 2009).
The process theories focus on explaining how individual behaviour is energized, directed and stopped. The integrative approach attempts to synthesize ideas of other theories of motivation and job satisfaction.
Nmadu (1998) in her book titled Human Resources Management described motivation “as the willingness to exert high level of efforts towards organizational goals, conditioned by the efforts ability to satisfy some individual needs.” While general motivation is concerned with effort towards any goal, the researcher narrows the focus to organizational goals in order to reflect his singular interest in work related behaviour.

JOB PERFORMANCE:
Job performance is defined as ‘actions specified and required by an employee’s job description and thus mandated, appraised, and rewarded by the employing organizational goals in order to reflect his or her singular interest in work related behavior.
The definition of job performance might seem straightforward at first thought – it's about how well or poorly employees do their jobs. But when you consider the impact that job performance has on your business, it's essential to take a more in-depth look. Keep in mind how one bad worker can spoil the bunch, but on the other hand, exemplary employee performance can boost morale and the bottom line. Give the latter crew their due to encourage them to keep up the good work. As for poor performers, when your business is in the hands of a seemingly incapable worker, act fast; The rate of business survival is slim enough without poor performers at the helm or on the company deck. Learn as much as you can about how to enhance job performance, then implement protective measures to keep your business and its crew "sailing" in the right direction.
An entrepreneur might assume that job performance is only about how well employees perform their duties. However, job performance involves various factors. For example, you might expect a particular employee to add substantial value to your company because he's capable of performing his task at a high level. But "job performance" involves both "task performance" and "contextual performance." For example, a shoe salesperson's task performance is evaluated on how many pairs of sneakers, sandals or work boots she sells on average per day, week or month. Her contextual performance rates how well she gets along with co-workers and customers, how effectively she solves problems that affect the team or company and how she keeps busy during slow periods.

Background The actions required to achieve higher-quality and harmonised global surveillance of child and adolescent movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour including screen time, sleep) are unclear. Objective To identify how to improve surveillance of movement behaviours, from the perspective of experts. Methods This Delphi Study involved 62 experts from the SUNRISE International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years and Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance (AHKGA). Two survey rounds were used, with items categorised under: (1) funding, (2) capacity building, (3) methods, and (4) other issues (e.g., policymaker awareness of relevant WHO Guidelines and Strategies). Expert participants ranked 40 items on a five-point Likert scale from 'extremely' to 'not at all' important. Consensus was defined as > 70% rating of 'extremely' or 'very' important. Results We received 62 responses to round 1 of the survey and 59 to round 2. There was consensus for most items. The two highest rated round 2 items in each category were the following; for funding (1) it was greater funding for surveillance and public funding of surveillance; for capacity building (2) it was increased human capacity for surveillance (e.g. knowledge, skills) and regional or global partnerships to support national surveillance; for methods (3) it was standard protocols for surveillance measures and improved measurement method for screen time; and for other issues (4) it was greater awareness of physical activity guidelines and strategies from WHO and greater awareness of the importance of surveillance for NCD prevention. We generally found no significant differences in priorities between low-middle-income (n = 29) and high-income countries (n = 30) or between SUNRISE (n = 20), AHKGA (n = 26) or both (n = 13) initiatives. There was a lack of agreement on using private funding for surveillance or surveillance research. Conclusions This study provides a prioritised and international consensus list of actions required to improve surveillance of movement behaviours in children and adolescents globally.

Introduction24-hour movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) during the early years are associated with health and developmental outcomes, prompting the WHO to develop Global guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. Prevalence data on 24-hour movement behaviours is lacking, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper describes the development of theSUNRISE International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Yearsprotocol, designed to address this gap.Methods and analysisSUNRISE is the first international cross-sectional study that aims to determine the proportion of 3- and 4-year-old children who meet the WHO Global guidelines. The study will assess if proportions differ by gender, urban/rural location and/or socioeconomic status. Executive function, motor skills and adiposity will be assessed and potential correlates of 24-hour movement behaviours examined. Pil...

Introduction Poverty has far-reaching and detrimental effects on children’s physical and mental health, across all geographies. Financial advice and income-maximisation services can provide a promising opportunity for shifting the physical and mental health burdens that commonly occur with financial hardship, yet awareness of these services is limited, and referrals are not systematically integrated into existing healthcare service platforms. We aim to map and synthesise evidence on the impact of healthcare-income maximisation models of care for families of children aged 0–5 years in high-income countries on family finances, parent/caregiver(s) or children’s health and well-being. Methods and analysis To be included in the review, studies must be families (expectant mothers or parents/caregivers) of children who are aged between 0 and 5 years, accessing a healthcare service, include a referral from healthcare to an income-maximisation service (ie, financial counselling), and examine...

Authors' contribution Wkład autorów: A. Study design/planning zaplanowanie badań B. Data collection/entry zebranie danych C. Data analysis/statistics dane-analiza i statystyki D. Data interpretation interpretacja danych E. Preparation of manuscript przygotowanie artykułu F. Literature analysis/search wyszukiwanie i analiza literatury G. Funds collection zebranie funduszy Summary The purpose of this study is to examine the healthy behaviors in undergraduate students of physical education (PE) with a comparison between gender and majors. A content analysis of Polish and foreign authors' publications was performed by searching the following database: EBSCO, Proquest, Science Direct (Elsevier), Springer, Sage, and Wiley. Research indicates that undergraduates demonstrate, in general, low levels of healthy lifestyle behaviors, especially regarding diet, psychoactive substance use, coping with stress, physical activity and preventive behavior. PE students present with a high level of health-risk behavior. On the other hand, some research showed that PE students scored better than their peers of other areas of study in selected dimensions of health-related behavior. The majority of studies indicate that female students scored significantly better than male students in health-related behavior. Health promotion programs should be implemented at campuses and universities for the maintenance and improvement of a healthy lifestyle among students of all areas of study.

This paper analyses the DeGroot-Friedkin model for evolution of the individuals' social powers in a social network when the network topology varies dynamically (described by dynamic relative interaction matrices). The DeGroot-Friedkin model describes how individual social power (self-appraisal, self-weight) evolves as a network of individuals discuss a sequence of issues. We seek to study dynamically changing relative interactions because interactions may change depending on the issue being discussed. In order to explore the problem in detail, two different cases of issue-dependent network topologies are studied. First, if the topology varies between issues in a periodic manner, it is shown that the individuals' self-appraisals admit a periodic solution. Second, if the topology changes arbitrarily, under the assumption that each relative interaction matrix is doubly stochastic and irreducible, the individuals' self-appraisals asymptotically converge to a unique non-trivial equilibrium.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to establish teachers' attitudes toward the use of computer 3D animation
in teach biology. The study lasted about four weeks, involving 136 Form 2 (Grade 10) students and 13 biology
teachers. Computerized 3D animations of the mammalian circulatory system and questionnaires were the
instruments used for data gathering. During data collection, the 3D animations were projected unto a whiteboard
to Form 2 students. The study was carried out using a mixed-methods approach. The study’s findings
established that biology teachers displayed favourable attitudes toward Computer 3D (C3D) animations during
the course of the study. It was observed that the vast majority (100%) of respondents concurred that C3D
animation improved their biology teaching abilities and methods. This may be due to the fact that the majority of
respondents (teachers) concurred that using C3D animation to teach biology made the subject more engaging
and helped to focus students' attentions while instruction was taking place. This improved the conceptual
comprehension of students and the content delivery abilities of teachers. The views of biology teachers about the
use of C3D animation did not appear to be negatively impacted by the teachers' ages as reported by previous
studies. The majority of respondents (teachers) said they are willing to utilize C3D animation to teach biology,
even though it takes more time and resources to plan C3D animation classes. Students' positive attitudes toward
C3D animation were likely influenced by their teachers' positive attitudes, which makes it easier for students to
learn difficult or abstract biological topics and concepts through visual 3D animation representations.
Keywords: Teacher Attitude, Perception, Computer 3D (C3D) Animation, Academic Performance.

A public debate took place place in France in 2018 concerning ethical and social issues of biomedicine and life science and technologies. As faculty members of French medical schools and scholars in Social Sciences and Humanities, we contributed to introduce the central theme of health professionals education. What roles and what place should we assign to the social sciences and Humanities in preparing health professionals who will work in a transforming and largely unpredictable context? In this paper, we list 4 crucial issues for the present and the future of healthcare profession, concerning changes of medical roles; new biomedical concepts and innovations; long term consequences on health social contract; ethical issues in health care daily life settings. Then, we list 4 kinds of resources that are brought to students by Social Sciences and Humanities courses. They concern the connection to patients's experiences the social and cultural construction of these experiences; the social responsibility of medical doctors; and the independence of their professional judgments. This is a plea for the development of reflexivity and critical thought backed up by well identified, well integrated and sufficiently developed Social Sciences and Humanities courses in French medical schools.

Introduction: Exercise is planned, structured, voluntary, continuous activities aimed at improving one or more elements of physical fitness. One aspect of healthy lifestyle behaviors is nutrition, while another aspect is exercise and physical activity. Many studies in the literature emphasize the physical, psychological, and physiological benefits of regular physical exercise. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between exercise addiction levels and healthy nutrition levels of students studying at the faculty of health sciences.Method: The study was conducted on 133 students studying at the faculty of health sciences. Participants' demographic and income information was recorded. Exercise dependence levels were evaluated with the Exercise Dependence Scale, and nutritional levels were evaluated with the Nutrition Exercise Behavior Scale.Results: Average age and body mass index of the participants, respectively; It was 21.83±4.21 and 18.13±3.09. It wa...

Introduction Adolescence is a stage of companionship during which young people choose to spend time with their peers rather than their families. It is a period of learning new ideas and the development of overall personality. Peer influence affects positively and negatively on everyone's life. The study examines the impact of peers on lifestyle behaviors such as nutrition, physical activity, fashion, and habit among undergraduate students from various professional colleges. Objectives of the Study To assess the peer influence on lifestyle behaviors among undergraduates and find its association with selected baseline variables. Materials and Methods The study design was descriptive survey design. The tool consisted of a baseline proforma and a structured rating scale to assess the peer influence on lifestyle behaviors among undergraduates. Using a proportionate stratified simple random sampling technique based on inclusion criteria, 325 undergraduate students were chosen. SPSS version 16 software was used for descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results Our study revealed that the majority 211 (65.3%) of undergraduates had a moderate influence on peer pressure, 95 (29.4%) had low influence, 16 (5.0%) had a strong influence, and 1 (0.3%) had no influence. The highest mean percentage of peer influence was in personality and communication (79.3%), and the least was in smoking and alcoholism (36.6%). The mean percentage of other areas was of healthy mind (74.8%), exercising (71.1%), food choices (68.2%), buying choices (64.9%), social media, and use of gadgets (45.7%). The mean percentage of the total score was 64.58. However, there was a significant association between the peer influence and baseline variables such as gender and approachable person in need, but no such relationship existed for other variables. Conclusion The study reveals remarkable evidence of peer influence among undergraduate students. However, the data reflect on positive peer influence rather than negative influence, which shows that the undergraduates rely on each other to improve their overall personality.

This study evaluated the lifestyle attributes of the second year Bachelor of Physical education students in terms of rest and recreation, eating habits, stress management, and physical activity. This study answered the following questions: What is the lifestyle attributes of the second year Bachelor of Physical Education students in terms of Rest and Recreation, Eating Habits, Stress Management, and Physical Activity? What is the Academic Performance of college students in Physical Education subjects? Is there a significant relationship between the Lifestyle attributes and the Academic Performance in Physical education subjects? The study was conducted in one of the universities in Bukidnon province. There were 108 participants in the study. The researcher used descriptive statistics analysis such as mean and SD, frequency and percentage, and Pearson-Product Correlation for the third problem. Stress management obtained the highest total mean, while eating habits obtained the lowest total mean. The dominant number of respondents obtained a "very high satisfactory" level. Also, only one respondent got the highest level "excellent" and also one got the lowest level "moderately satisfactory." The result shows that there is a significant relationship between physical activity and academic performance in the physical education subject. Physical activity and academic performance have a positive correlation.

Introduction24-hour movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) during the early years are associated with health and developmental outcomes, prompting the WHO to develop Global guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. Prevalence data on 24-hour movement behaviours is lacking, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper describes the development of the SUNRISE International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years protocol, designed to address this gap.Methods and analysisSUNRISE is the first international cross-sectional study that aims to determine the proportion of 3- and 4-year-old children who meet the WHO Global guidelines. The study will assess if proportions differ by gender, urban/rural location and/or socioeconomic status. Executive function, motor skills and adiposity will be assessed and potential correlates of 24-hour movement behaviours examined. P...

Introduction Adolescence is a stage of companionship during which young people choose to spend time with their peers rather than their families. It is a period of learning new ideas and the development of overall personality. Peer influence affects positively and negatively on everyone's life. The study examines the impact of peers on lifestyle behaviors such as nutrition, physical activity, fashion, and habit among undergraduate students from various professional colleges. Objectives of the Study To assess the peer influence on lifestyle behaviors among undergraduates and find its association with selected baseline variables. Materials and Methods The study design was descriptive survey design. The tool consisted of a baseline proforma and a structured rating scale to assess the peer influence on lifestyle behaviors among undergraduates. Using a proportionate stratified simple random sampling technique based on inclusion criteria, 325 undergraduate students were chosen. SPSS ve...

The term "health behaviour" describes the attitudes and behaviours of a person towards their health and wellbeing. These behaviours refer to routine actions that enhance self-awareness and a sense of wellbeing, including actions that support and promote healthy lives. Any activity carried out for the purpose of preventing or detecting disease or enhancing health and well-being was characterized by Conner and Norman (1996) as a health habit. Health behaviours are activities, behaviour patterns, and habits related to health maintenance, health restoration, and health enhancement, according to Gochman (1997) in the Handbook of Health Behavior Research. Depending on one's viewpoint, the term "health promotion" might mean many different things (Tones & Tilford, 2001). It is a method of empowering someone to have more control over and make improvements to their health. It is a significant issue that seeks to preserve one's degree of health, employment capacity, and potential health resources. Health-promoting activities, those that people engage in to improve and preserve their health, can be crucial in addressing health issues and advancing the general health of society as well as the health of adolescents in particular. The term "well-being" indicates that people believe their lives are going well; well-being is a result that is beneficial for individuals and numerous societal sectors. A healthy lifestyle starts with a good quality of life. Public policy benefits from monitoring these situations. However, a lot of indicators that assess living conditions don't assess how people feel about their lives, such as how well their relationships are, how resilient they are in the face of good emotions, how much they have achieved in life, or how satisfied they are with it overall. Therefore, the current study has investigated health behaviours and feelings/well-being among UG, PG, and Ph.D. students. 2. Review of Literature:  Suksatan W et al (2021) The study examined the stress, adversity quotient, and health behaviours of university students in Thailand. A cross-sectional predictive study was carried out on predictors of health behaviours among undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic. 416 undergraduate students under the age of 18 who

This study evaluated the lifestyle attributes of the second year Bachelor of Physical education students in terms of rest and recreation, eating habits, stress management, and physical activity. This study answered the following questions: What is the lifestyle attributes of the second year Bachelor of Physical Education students in terms of Rest and Recreation, Eating Habits, Stress Management, and Physical Activity? What is the Academic Performance of college students in Physical Education subjects? Is there a significant relationship between the Lifestyle attributes and the Academic Performance in Physical education subjects? The study was conducted in one of the universities in Bukidnon province. There were 108 participants in the study. The researcher used descriptive statistics analysis such as mean and SD, frequency and percentage, and Pearson- Product Correlation for the third problem. Stress management obtained the highest total mean, while eating habits obtained the lowest...

IntroductionThere is a clear need for improved care quality and quality monitoring in aged care. Aged care providers collect an abundance of data, yet rarely are these data integrated and transformed in real-time into actionable information to support evidence-based care, nor are they shared with older people and informal caregivers. This protocol describes the co-design and testing of a dashboard in residential aged care facilities (nursing or care homes) and community-based aged care settings (formal care provided at home or in the community). The dashboard will comprise integrated data to provide an ‘at-a-glance’ overview of aged care clients, indicators to identify clients at risk of fall-related hospitalisations and poor quality of life, and evidence-based decision support to minimise these risks. Longer term plans for dashboard implementation and evaluation are also outlined.MethodsThis mixed-method study will involve (1) co-designing dashboard features with aged care staff, c...

ObjectivesTo understand the impact of COVID-19 and public health measures on different social groups, we conducted a mixed-methods study in five countries (‘SEBCOV—social, ethical and behavioural aspects of COVID-19’). Here, we report the results of the online survey.Study design and statistical analysisOverall, 5058 respondents from Thailand, Malaysia, the UK, Italy and Slovenia completed the self-administered survey between May and June 2020. Poststratification weighting was applied, and associations between categorical variables assessed. Frequency counts and percentages were used to summarise categorical data. Associations between categorical variables were assessed using Pearson’s χ2 test. Data were analysed in Stata 15.0ResultsAmong the five countries, Thai respondents reported having been most, and Slovenian respondents least, affected economically. The following factors were associated with greater negative economic impacts: being 18–24 years or 65 years or older; lower educ...

The aim of the study was to explore health behaviours, general self-esteem and sense of coherence, as well as the relationships between them, in Western Ukrainian students pursuing health care degrees. The research sample was composed of students of three Ukrainian Universities in Lviv and Chernivtsi (N=193). Each participant was asked to fill in several questionnaires, namely, the Self-Esteem Scale (SES), the Health Behaviours Inventory (IZZ), and the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-29). The collected data were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS 25. For all purposes, the criteria of significance were considered at p<0,01 & <0.05. Generally, according to the question's responses, subjects show adequate health resources and self-esteem. There was no significant difference in health resources in the context of the place of origin or the age of the respondents. There are differences between men and women in terms of health practices and a healthy eating style. Ukrainian young men tend to take less care of their health, however, they score higher in two of three dimensions of the sense of coherence, comparing to women. A strong correlation was found between the level of selfesteem and a healthy lifestyle, and sense of coherence. A strong link between the sense of coherence, health behaviours, and self-esteem proves that Ukrainian students have resources to deal with the stress accompanying studies at universities. It may also be viewed as a good indicator for their effective future career in the healthcare sphere. Though, men are inclined to treat their health with less responsibility and not to ask for help until the situation with their health becomes critical. Self-esteem was proved to be crucial for higher scores of the sense of coherence and a tendency to behave in a healthy manner. Further work is planned on the cultural adaptation of tools in the field of health psychology.

IntroductionThere is a clear need for improved care quality and quality monitoring in aged care. Aged care providers collect an abundance of data, yet rarely are these data integrated and transformed in real-time into actionable information to support evidence-based care, nor are they shared with older people and informal caregivers. This protocol describes the co-design and testing of a dashboard in residential aged care facilities (nursing or care homes) and community-based aged care settings (formal care provided at home or in the community). The dashboard will comprise integrated data to provide an ‘at-a-glance’ overview of aged care clients, indicators to identify clients at risk of fall-related hospitalisations and poor quality of life, and evidence-based decision support to minimise these risks. Longer term plans for dashboard implementation and evaluation are also outlined.MethodsThis mixed-method study will involve (1) co-designing dashboard features with aged care staff, c...

Ця наукова розвідка мала на меті дослідити поведінку щодо здоров’я, загальну самооцінку та почуття когерентності, а також зв’язок між ними у студентів Західної України, які здобувають освіту у сфері наук про здоров’я. Опитування проводилося серед студентів трьох львівських та чернівецьких університетів (N=193). Кожен учасник дослідження відповідав на запитання методик, а саме: Шкали самооцінки, Опитувальника поведінки щодо здоров’я, Шкали почуття когерентності. Для статистичного аналізу отриманих даних було використано пакет IBM SPSS 25, статистична значущість визначалася при p&lt;0,01, р&lt;0,05. Отримані результати свідчать про адекватні в цілому ресурси здоров’я та адекватну самооцінку респондентів. Значущих відмінностей щодо ресурсів здоров’я залежно від місця проживання чи віку досліджуваних не виявлено. З’ясовано, що є певні відмінності серед чоловіків і жінок у здійсненні практик щодо здоров’я та в способі харчування. Так, українські чоловіки молодого віку зазвичай менше дбаю...

The aim of the study was to explore health behaviours, general self-esteem and sense of coherence, as well as the relationships between them, in Western Ukrainian students pursuing health care degrees. The research sample was composed of students of three Ukrainian Universities in Lviv and Chernivtsi (N=193). Each participant was asked to fill in several questionnaires, namely, the Self-Esteem Scale (SES), the Health Behaviours Inventory (IZZ), and the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-29). The collected data were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS 25. For all purposes, the criteria of significance were considered at p<0,01 & <0.05. Generally, according to the question's responses, subjects show adequate health resources and self-esteem. There was no significant difference in health resources in the context of the place of origin or the age of the respondents. There are differences between men and women in terms of health practices and a healthy eating style. Ukrainian young men tend to take less care of their health, however, they score higher in two of three dimensions of the sense of coherence, comparing to women. A strong correlation was found between the level of selfesteem and a healthy lifestyle, and sense of coherence. A strong link between the sense of coherence, health behaviours, and self-esteem proves that Ukrainian students have resources to deal with the stress accompanying studies at universities. It may also be viewed as a good indicator for their effective future career in the healthcare sphere. Though, men are inclined to treat their health with less responsibility and not to ask for help until the situation with their health becomes critical. Self-esteem was proved to be crucial for higher scores of the sense of coherence and a tendency to behave in a healthy manner. Further work is planned on the cultural adaptation of tools in the field of health psychology.

The aim of the study was to explore health behaviours, general self-esteem and sense of coherence, as well as the relationships between them, in Western Ukrainian students pursuing health care degrees. The research sample was composed of students of three Ukrainian Universities in Lviv and Chernivtsi (N=193). Each participant was asked to fill in several questionnaires, namely, the Self-Esteem Scale (SES), the Health Behaviours Inventory (IZZ), and the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-29). The collected data were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS 25. For all purposes, the criteria of significance were considered at p<0,01 & <0.05. Generally, according to the question's responses, subjects show adequate health resources and self-esteem. There was no significant difference in health resources in the context of the place of origin or the age of the respondents. There are differences between men and women in terms of health practices and a healthy eating style. Ukrainian young men tend to take less care of their health, however, they score higher in two of three dimensions of the sense of coherence, comparing to women. A strong correlation was found between the level of selfesteem and a healthy lifestyle, and sense of coherence. A strong link between the sense of coherence, health behaviours, and self-esteem proves that Ukrainian students have resources to deal with the stress accompanying studies at universities. It may also be viewed as a good indicator for their effective future career in the healthcare sphere. Though, men are inclined to treat their health with less responsibility and not to ask for help until the situation with their health becomes critical. Self-esteem was proved to be crucial for higher scores of the sense of coherence and a tendency to behave in a healthy manner. Further work is planned on the cultural adaptation of tools in the field of health psychology.

We evaluated the association between healthy lifestyles and academic achievement in a sample of 373 adolescent Italian students. Specifically, we investigated on the association between use of illegal drugs, habits to practice a regular physical, typology of diet, levels of social support, levels of self-esteem, level of Internet use, perceived stress and amount of sleep and academic achievement. Academic performance was positively correlated with good diet, perceived social support, and self-esteem. A statistically significant difference emerged between students with high versus low correct grade point averages in relation to lifetime and current use of illegal drugs. Last, academic performance was negatively correlated with Internet use, perceived stress, and bad diet. A multiple regression analysis was conducted in order to predict academic achievement based on good diet, physical activity, self-esteem, sleep hours, perceived stress, problematic Internet use, perceived social sup...

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Introduction24-hour movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) during the early years are associated with health and developmental outcomes, prompting the WHO to develop Global guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. Prevalence data on 24-hour movement behaviours is lacking, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper describes the development of the SUNRISE International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years protocol, designed to address this gap.Methods and analysisSUNRISE is the first international cross-sectional study that aims to determine the proportion of 3- and 4-year-old children who meet the WHO Global guidelines. The study will assess if proportions differ by gender, urban/rural location and/or socioeconomic status. Executive function, motor skills and adiposity will be assessed and potential correlates of 24-hour movement behaviours examined. P...

1Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology 2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Greece 3Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology Keywords: Family ...

This analytical review research used facts already available and analyzed the information in an attempt to explain complex phenomenon effects of unhealthy eating and lack of exercise among young adults ages between 18 to 30. Total of 230 peer reviewed articles, government and organization reports were reviewed which 82 based on relativity were chosen. Effects of unhealthy diets and lack of exercising as well reasons on such behaviors of young adults ages between 18 to 30 were examined. The conclusion drawn from this analytical review attested that a single cause cannot explain and a single policy cannot reverse the two epidemics. Rather many factors such as education can be used as a strategy.

IntroductionDementia is one of the most relevant widespread diseases, with a prevalence of currently 50 million people with dementia worldwide. The care of people with dementia will be one of the major challenges for healthcare systems worldwide. Digitalisation offers new possibilities to improve both dementia healthcare and health outcomes research as a fundament for national healthcare planning. The ‘Digital Dementia Registry Bavaria—digiDEM Bayern’ aims to improve the understanding of the complexity and long-term progression of dementia and the current care situation in Bavaria. Moreover, by offering digital services, digiDEM will actively contribute to improving the care situation in Bavaria.Methods and analysisdigiDEM will recruit people with dementia and their family caregivers in all administrative regions of Bavaria. All participants will undergo dementia screening prior to study inclusion in order to identify people with mild cognitive impairment and mild-to-moderate dement...

The aim of this study is investigate the behaviors of young wrestlers. The scale of eating behavior was completed by 210 young wrestlers. T-test was used for statistical procedures. Average age of females were 17.52 and males were 17.90 in young wrestlers who participated in the study. There were statistically significant differences between both healthy eating behavior scores and unhealthy eating behavior scores of female and male wrestlers according to gender (p <0.05). According to gender, female and male students' eating behaviors find statistically different (p< 0.05). Significant differences were found in healthy and unhealthy eating behavior scores of young wrestlers according to their weight reduction status (p <0.001). Healthy eating behavior scores were significantly higher in those who sometimes lost weight in research than those who often lost weight. Unhealthy eating behavior is higher in those who frequently lose weight. Eating behaviors were sometimes 168.14 in those who lost weight and 143.32 in those who often lost weight. Healthy and unhealthy eating behaviors of young wrestlers change according to gender. Eating behaviors of those who have frequently lost weight are sometimes found to be worse than those who have lost weight. Support should be given to nutrition of young wrestlers, especially during the stages of weight reduction.

Authors' contribution Wkład autorów: A. Study design/planning zaplanowanie badań B. Data collection/entry zebranie danych C. Data analysis/statistics dane-analiza i statystyki D. Data interpretation interpretacja danych E. Preparation of manuscript przygotowanie artykułu F. Literature analysis/search wyszukiwanie i analiza literatury G. Funds collection zebranie funduszy Summary The purpose of this study is to examine the healthy behaviors in undergraduate students of physical education (PE) with a comparison between gender and majors. A content analysis of Polish and foreign authors' publications was performed by searching the following database: EBSCO, Proquest, Science Direct (Elsevier), Springer, Sage, and Wiley. Research indicates that undergraduates demonstrate, in general, low levels of healthy lifestyle behaviors, especially regarding diet, psychoactive substance use, coping with stress, physical activity and preventive behavior. PE students present with a high level of health-risk behavior. On the other hand, some research showed that PE students scored better than their peers of other areas of study in selected dimensions of health-related behavior. The majority of studies indicate that female students scored significantly better than male students in health-related behavior. Health promotion programs should be implemented at campuses and universities for the maintenance and improvement of a healthy lifestyle among students of all areas of study.

IntroductionChildhood overweight and obesity (OWO) is a primary global health challenge. Childhood OWO prevention is now a public health priority in China. The Sino-Canadian Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (SCHeLTI), one of four trials being undertaken by the international HeLTI consortium, aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifaceted, community-family-mother-child intervention on childhood OWO and non-communicable diseases risk.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, cluster-randomised, controlled trial conducted in Shanghai, China. The unit of randomisation is the service area of Maternal Child Health Units (N=36). We will recruit 4500 women/partners/families in maternity and district level hospitals. Participants in the intervention group will receive a multifaceted, integrated package of health promotion interventions beginning in preconception or in the first trimester of pregnancy, continuing into infancy and early childhood. The intervention, which is centred ...

The aim of this study is investigate the behaviors of young wrestlers. The scale of eating behavior was completed by 210 young wrestlers. T-test was used for statistical procedures. Average age of females were 17.52 and males were 17.90 in young wrestlers who participated in the study. There were statistically significant differences between both healthy eating behavior scores and unhealthy eating behavior scores of female and male wrestlers according to gender (p <0.05). According to gender, female and male students' eating behaviors find statistically different (p< 0.05). Significant differences were found in healthy and unhealthy eating behavior scores of young wrestlers according to their weight reduction status (p <0.001). Healthy eating behavior scores were significantly higher in those who sometimes lost weight in research than those who often lost weight. Unhealthy eating behavior is higher in those who frequently lose weight. Eating behaviors were sometimes 168.14 in those who lost weight and 143.32 in those who often lost weight. Healthy and unhealthy eating behaviors of young wrestlers change according to gender. Eating behaviors of those who have frequently lost weight are sometimes found to be worse than those who have lost weight. Support should be given to nutrition of young wrestlers, especially during the stages of weight reduction.

Background. Depressive symptoms may appear at any age, yet they are most likely to be observed among young people aged 20-30. According to numerous scientific records, a properly balanced diet may prevent depression or enhance a therapeutical process. Objective. The aim of the study was the assessment of nutrition behaviours and prevalence of depressive symptoms among the students, as well as investigation whereas there is a connection between these variables and the sexes of the examined group. Furthermore, the aim was to determine, whether there is a relation between proper nutrition behaviours and an intensification of depressive symptoms. Material and methods. The research was conducted on a group of 959 students. In order to collect that data on nutrition behaviours an original anonymous questionnaire was used. In order to collect the data on a depressive symptoms occurrence Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) was used. Results. Recommended number of meals was taken by 54.95% of...

Introduction24-hour movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) during the early years are associated with health and developmental outcomes, prompting the WHO to develop Global guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. Prevalence data on 24-hour movement behaviours is lacking, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper describes the development of the SUNRISE International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years protocol, designed to address this gap.Methods and analysisSUNRISE is the first international cross-sectional study that aims to determine the proportion of 3- and 4-year-old children who meet the WHO Global guidelines. The study will assess if proportions differ by gender, urban/rural location and/or socioeconomic status. Executive function, motor skills and adiposity will be assessed and potential correlates of 24-hour movement behaviours examined. P...

This mobile diary study examined day-today variability during one study week among university students and study-related associated factors promoting and impairing their well-being. Specifically, we explored (1) what factors university students consider as promoting and as impairing their daily wellbeing, (2) what types of daily study profiles for students can be identified based on study hours, study motivation, and academic stress, and (3) how the factors promoting and impairing students’ daily wellbeing are related to these daily study profiles. The study utilized one-week mobile diary data collected from 86 university students studying in a Finnish university (a total of 602 measurements). Seven factors promoting and eight factors impairing the wellbeing of students were identified. These included leisure time and domestic duties, social relations, sleep, rest, nutrition, and time management. Using multilevel latent profile analysis, we further identified four distinct daily stu...

Objective To characterise developmental milestones among young children living in rural communities in Uganda. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Iganga-Mayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance Site in rural eastern Uganda. Participants A total of 720 caregivers of children aged 3–4 years old from a health and demographic surveillance site in rural eastern Uganda were recruited into this study. Caregivers reported on their child’s developmental skills and behaviours using the 10-item Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) developed by UNICEF. Childhood development was characterised based on the ECDI’s four domains: literacy-numeracy, learning/cognition, physical and socioemotional development. As an exploratory analysis, we implemented a hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis to identify homogenous subgroups of children based on the features assessed. The cluster analysis was performed to identify potential subgroups of children who may be at risk of developmental proble...

Authors' contribution Wkład autorów: A. Study design/planning zaplanowanie badań B. Data collection/entry zebranie danych C. Data analysis/statistics dane-analiza i statystyki D. Data interpretation interpretacja danych E. Preparation of manuscript przygotowanie artykułu F. Literature analysis/search wyszukiwanie i analiza literatury G. Funds collection zebranie funduszy Summary The purpose of this study is to examine the healthy behaviors in undergraduate students of physical education (PE) with a comparison between gender and majors. A content analysis of Polish and foreign authors' publications was performed by searching the following database: EBSCO, Proquest, Science Direct (Elsevier), Springer, Sage, and Wiley. Research indicates that undergraduates demonstrate, in general, low levels of healthy lifestyle behaviors, especially regarding diet, psychoactive substance use, coping with stress, physical activity and preventive behavior. PE students present with a high level of health-risk behavior. On the other hand, some research showed that PE students scored better than their peers of other areas of study in selected dimensions of health-related behavior. The majority of studies indicate that female students scored significantly better than male students in health-related behavior. Health promotion programs should be implemented at campuses and universities for the maintenance and improvement of a healthy lifestyle among students of all areas of study.