Social Work Research

India boasts a rich history of textiles, celebrated for both traditional and contemporary styles. The response was overwhelmingly positive, highlighting the community's appreciation for traditional fabrics. This initiative not only honors India's textile artistry but also fosters greater awareness of traditional materials within the LGBT community. The use of Ajrakh print in fashion for the LGBT community exemplifies a meaningful fusion of cultural heritage and modern identity. This creative approach opens up opportunities for the fashion industry to embrace inclusivity, while also educating LGBT individuals about the rich tapestry of traditional Indian textiles.

Este artículo presenta la sistematización de un proceso de formación para adultos y jóvenes ejecutado por el Laboratorio de Pedagogía Social de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, el cual hace uso de la metodología del Sistema de Formación Ciudadana para la Participación construida por la Alcaldía de Medellín y que está basado en los postulados de la educación experiencial, la educación popular de Paulo Freire y el enfoque de capacidades de Martha Nussbaum. Para este ejercicio se retomó la propuesta metodológica de Alfonso Torres y Nydia Mendoza, enfocada en la construcción participativa de un relato sobre la experiencia educativa, resaltando como conclusión las potencialidades del uso de las lógicas de la investigación social para la formación en participación ciudadana.

Giorgio Agamben claims that the aggressive coronavirus response in Italy turned the nation's entire population into formless bare life, which was cast out from meaningful human existence through a sovereign exception. This widely criticised argument appears to stem from Agamben's radical reinterpretation of biopolitics, a concept popularised by Michel Foucault. Although Agamben is often considered as the second most famous authority on the topic, some have begun to question whether his reinterpretation can operate within the framework set by his predecessor who defines the notion primarily through its life affirming and optimising effects. This has led to an unclear and contested definition of biopolitics, which hinders the notion's usage as an analytical tool. Agamben's statements on the pandemic must face similar scrutiny. According to him, life was not optimised during the pandemic. Therefore, Agamben's critique on the coronavirus response has little to do with the Foucauldian notion of biopolitics, which offers a much sounder way of analysing the Covid crisis.

Desde una perspectiva histórico-crítica, abordamos la historia del Trabajo Social en Chile, dando cuenta de las contradicciones en las que surge e inserta como profesión en las relaciones sociales capitalistas. Aborda también, especialmente, las secuelas del neoliberalismo en Chile, donde la precarización del Trabajo y el impacto de la tecnología y la Inteligencia Artificial están impactando en el ejercicio y la formación profesional.

The concept of political obligation has a direct connection between the state and its individuals. In a nation-state system, being a member of the state, i.e., a citizen, means having certain obligations and responsibilities towards the state system. Similarly, the state also possesses certain responsibilities towards its citizens in order to safeguard and prosper their lives. Many political theories have interpreted in different ways the question of why and how a citizen shows obedience towards the state. The relationship between citizens and the state has been a central matter of discussion in many political theories. Many political theories and philosophies have brought different narrations regarding the role of citizens in a state. As a citizen, an individual has to follow and obey the rules and laws set by state institutions. A citizen possesses both legal and moral obligations while obeying the state and its laws. Primarily, this paper conducts a discussion on the understanding of the idea of political obligation. Moreover, it attempts to explain divine theory, contract theory, prescriptive theory, idealist theory, and Marxist theory and their different theoretical interpretations of political obligation.

This article discusses the coverage and portrayal of violent attacks against people with albinism, in Swahili and English news media in Tanzania between 2008 and 2012. Violence in the Great Lakes district of East and Central Africa surrounding Lake Victoria appears to be driven by traditional 'witchdoctors' and carried out by contract killers to meet a market for albino body parts, in a context of superstitious beliefs about albinism, economic inequity and continued poverty. A content analysis revealed that media coverage of the violent attacks was most commonly framed in terms of criminal activity and shameful cultural practices-reflecting sourcing from court and police reports and politicians' statements-but also as a socio-economic phenomenon and an issue of human rights. These interpretative frames highlight the complexity of the violence, the debate over its causes, and the need for multiple levels of solution. Although the violent attacks are seen as shameful, Tanzanian media provides public space for people to debate and shape knowledge about the impact of cultural and economic development on disadvantaged persons with albinism. This article commends the value of further interdisciplinary and international research to understand and respond to similar phenomena affecting vulnerable groups throughout sub-Saharan Africa.

It is widely recognised that social workers need to increase their emotional resilience to protect their wellbeing and enhance the quality of their professional practice, but there is little evidence-based guidance on how this might be achieved. This study evaluated a multi-modal intervention that aimed to improve emotional resilience and wellbeing in newly-qualified social workers from children's services in England. More specifically, it examined whether the intervention enhanced several personal resources associated with resilience (emotional self-efficacy, reflective ability, self-compassion and compassion satisfaction/fatigue) together with the overall level of mental health. A repeated measures wait-list controlled design was utilised. Twenty-five social workers in their first year of qualified practice in children's statutory services received training over a two-month period. The control group comprised 31 early career social workers also working in statutory children's services. An online survey obtained data before the intervention and two months afterwards. Evidence was found that the intervention was effective in enhancing some personal resources, as well as psychological wellbeing more generally. The finding that psychological distress and compassion fatigue increased during the study period for the control group raises some concerns. The potential of the findings to inform sustainable, evidence-based interventions to protect and promote wellbeing in early career social workers is discussed.

Despite increasing acknowledgment that the social work profession must address environmental concerns, relatively little is known about the state of scholarship on environmental social work. This study provides a scientometric summary of peer-reviewed articles ( N = 497) pertaining to environmental topics in social work journals between 1991 and 2015. We find that theoretical and empirical scholarship on environmental social work is growing, though this growth remains limited to specific geographical regions and topics. We note the need to clarify the relationship between environmental social work as a theoretical paradigm and as a research topic.

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar devoted his life to the upliftment of the Dalits, historically oppressed and marginalized under the rigid caste hierarchy of Hindu society. Through intellectual activism, political mobilization, social reform, and legal measures, Ambedkar championed the rights of Dalits and worked toward their social, economic, and political emancipation. This paper explores Ambedkar's multi-pronged approach to Dalit upliftment, his role in the anti-untouchability movement, the formation of Dalit organizations, and the constitutional safeguards he put in place. It also reflects on the enduring impact of his legacy in contemporary Dalit movements.

Full bibliographic details must be given when referring to, or quoting from full items including the author's name, the title of the work, publication details where relevant (place, publisher, date), pagination, and for theses or dissertations the awarding institution, the degree type awarded, and the date of the award. If you believe that any material held in the repository infringes copyright law, please contact the

Penerapan nilai dan etika pekerja sosial sangat penting dalam keberhasilan proses pertolongan. Namun, proses pertolongan dalam pemberian layanan sosial masa kini cukup dinamis karena perkembangan teknologi dan masalah sosial yang semakin kompleks. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menggambarkan secara jelas bagaimana penerapan nilai dan etika pekerjaan sosial dalam proses pertolongan serta dilema etis yang dihadapi oleh pekerja sosial. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi dengan informan terdiri dari pekerja sosial, pengemis, gelandangan, dan orang terlantar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gambaran proses pertolongan pekerja sosial dalam memberikan pelayanan sosial melalui lima tahapan. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini menggambarkan penerapan nilai dan etika pekerja sosial dalam memberikan pelayanan sosial melalui kepatuhan pada kode etik profesi dari KODEPEKSOS Independensi Pekerja Sosial Profesional Indonesia. Kemudian, penelitian menggambarkan tentang penerapan nilai dan etika pekerja sosial dalam menggunakan teknologi dan media sosial. Terakhir, penelitian ini membahas dilema etis yang dihadapi pekerja sosial dalam penerapan nilai dan etika.

While social work education and literature includes a growing body of work focused on environmental justice and the role of social work in addressing environmental injustices, limited attention has been paid to the disproportionate impact of these issues in rural areas. Many rural places can be more accurately described as rural-industrial in character. They produce the world’s food through highly mechanized agro-businesses, its timber, and much of its fossil fuels through large mining and drilling operations, each presenting threats to the surrounding environment and local peoples. This work describes environmental issues and injustices common to select large-scale rural industries, discusses social work concerns related to these issues, and presents two case studies that can be used in social work education to promote critical thinking and social work problem solving at the individual, family, and community practice levels.

In a world in frenzy, where everything changes so rapidly and on daily basis, it is impossible to predict or even suspect the way the future will look like. In an environment like this, what role would Counseling play and in what way Counseling should adjust and keep being supportive, productive and successful as a service for people in need?

The fight against violence requires not only awareness-raising activities, social services and repressive interventions.
It also requires specific interpretative categories capable of grasping the nature of the phenomenon and its relationships with
a pervasive order. In the absence of this analysis, the public discourse on violence risks proposing a series of paradoxes that
show how the condemnation of violence is not sufficient and that this condemnation is not a neutral and univocal fact. If we
recognize that male violence against women is the result of a deep-rooted and pervasive order, we cannot ignore the need to
create a conflict in society to combat it.

Η παρατεταμένη οικονομική κρίση έχει επηρεάσει κάθε πτυχή της ζωής του ανθρώπου, αλλάζοντας τον τρόπο που ζούμε, που αντιμετωπίζουμε και βλέπουμε τη ζωή, ακόμα και τον τρόπο που σκεφτόμαστε το παρόν και το μέλλον. Στην έρευνα εξετάζονται τα συνεπακόλουθα της κρίσης σε άτομο και οικογένεια στην Κύπρο και οι συνέπειές της και στα πλαίσια αυτά, γίνεται αναφορά στο ρόλο που μπορεί να διαδραματίσει η Συμ-βουλευτική. Συμμετείχαν 160 άτομα, άνω των 18 ετών, μόνιμοι κάτοικοι Κύπρου και έχει διεξαχθεί διαδικτυακά. Καταδεικνύεται ότι όντως η παγκόσμια οικονομική κρίση επηρεάζει το άτομο και την οικογένεια, κυρίως σε θέματα σχετικά με το εισόδημα και αυξάνει το άγχος. Οι διαπροσωπικές και ενδοοικογενειακές σχέσεις φαίνεται πως δεν επηρεάζονται σημαντικά στο παρόν στάδιο.

La collana "Culture di genere. Corpi, desideri, formazione" intende approfondire il legame esistente tra i molteplici modelli culturali che caratterizzano la contemporaneità e l'appartenenza di genere e di come questo legame segni i Corpi delle donne e degli uomini e i loro Desideri, rafforzando forme antiche di esclusione sociale e dando vita ad altre nuove. Allo stesso tempo, si propone di diventare spazio di riflessione e condivisione di lavori su come gli stessi Corpi con i loro Desideri, a partire dallo smascheramento della falsa neutralità della cultura binaria, possono contribuire a modificare le ideologie che conducono all'esclusione. La Collana, dunque, accoglie i volumi che, con un approccio intersezionale e di conseguenza interdisciplinare, intendono arricchire il discorso pedagogico sul ruolo ricoperto alla categoria di genere nella definizione delle emergenze educative e di come sia possibile ricavare nuovi modelli educativi che sappiano mettere al centro le istanze dei Corpi e i loro Desideri aprendo la strada a una pedagogia attenta alle differenze.

Self-reliance makes people happy, confident, and empowered, and it becomes amazing when women with disabilities begin to make money using their unique talents and are valued as contributing members of society. Empowering women with disabilities enhances their rights to make decisions and helps the family's finances. Even though women entrepreneurs with disabilities are widely recognized as a component of gender equality, their audacious endeavors allow them to overcome social barriers. In this study, four case studies were used to demonstrate the experiences, challenges, and achievements. The ambition is to become financially independent and demonstrate to the world that women with disabilities are capable of self-sufficiency in the development of ventures. Social acceptance and overcoming discrimination encourage women entrepreneurs with disabilities to pursue their enterprises. However, there is a conspicuous deficiency in women entrepreneurs with disabilities empowerment, i.e., funding, family support, self-assurance, social acceptance, and resource availability in starting and sustaining ventures, and in rural areas, this situation exacerbates for female entrepreneurs with disabilities. The dearth of studies in this area draws attention to the gaps that sociocultural ideologies, a lack of family support, a lack of financial resources, and poor resource connectivity in remote places create as barriers to the full potential development of women entrepreneurs with disabilities and the growth of empowerment.

Tarkastelen tutkielmassani 59-79 vuotiaiden eläkeläisten kissasuhteita. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää millainen paikka kissoilla on eläkeläisten kodeissa, perheissä ja suhdeverkoissa. Avaan kumppanieläinten, erityisesti vähemmän tutkittujen kissojen, sijoittumista ihmisten koteihin ja suhteisiin. Tutkimuksen keskiössä ovat monilajiset suhteet: teoreettisena viitekehyksenäni on ihmistieteellinen eläintutkimus. Sosiologinen tunteidentutkimus on osa tutkimustani, koska ihmiselämää ja suhteita voidaan pitää läpeensä tunteellisina. Koska tutkimuskohteenani ovat eläkeläiset, on tutkimukseni myös sosiaaligerontologinen. Tutkielmani keskeisiä käsitteitä ovat kumppanieläin, koti, perhe, eläkeläisyys ja tunteet. Tein kahdeksan teemahaastattelua, joihin osallistui kolme avioparia, yksi naimisissa oleva nainen ja neljä yksinasuvaa naista: yhteensä 11 henkilöä. Analysoin haastatteluiden sisältöä osin aineisto-ja osin teorialähtöisellä sisällönanalyysillä. Tutkimuksessani selvisi kissan olevan monelle olennainen osa kotia ja perhettä. Eläkeläisten kodeissa kissoilla on melko vapaa pääsy kaikkialle, usein kodin ulkopuolellekin. Lapsuuden kissasuhteet vaikuttavat siten, että kissojen pitämiselle ollaan avoimia myös aikuisina. Moni haastateltava oli ottanut perheeseensä yllättäen tarjoutuneen kulkukissan ilman etukäteissuunnittelua. Myös läheiset ihmiset vaikuttavat kissojenottamispäätöksiin. Kissa tarjoaa eläkeläisille heidän kotipiirissään seuraa, tukea, toimintaa sekä hoivaamisen kohteen. Kissa auttaa jaksamaan vaikeita elämäntilanteita ja ihmissuhteita, joskin sen hoitamisesta on myös vaivaa. Kissa rikastuttaa ihmissuhteita tarjoamalla positiivisia puheenaiheita. Kissojen kuolemat ovat osa monilajista kumppanuutta: eutanasia nähdään kissan unelmakuolemana ja kuoltuaan kissa halutaan palauttaa osaksi luontoa. Asiasanat Kumppanieläimet, kissa, eläkeläiset, koti, perhe Säilytyspaikka Itä-Suomen yliopiston kirjasto Liitteinä haastattelurunko sekä tutkimustiedote

This paper explores the critical need for transforming relationships between International Non-Governmental Organisations (INGOs) and the majority world non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to foster equitable, impactful and sustainable collaborations.

1. Executive Summary
Objectives & Framework: This study evaluates the financial sustainability and strategic autonomy of local and national NGOs (L/NNGOs) in Yemen’s protracted crisis. Guided by the LORMIY Localization Performance Framework, it examines funding flows, income quality, institutional capacity, cost recovery, and structural barriers to effective local action. An integrated conceptual model—drawing on theories of power-dependence, institutional isomorphism, participatory development, Islamic finance, social capital, and resilience—frames the analysis. We employed a mixed-methods design (Oct 2024–Mar 2025): a structured survey of 100+ Yemeni NGOs, 22 in-depth key-informant interviews, and an extensive literature/secondary data review. This triangulated approach yields both quantitative KPI measures and qualitative insights into the lived experiences of local NGOs in Yemen’s complex humanitarian context.
Key Findings – Funding Equity: Findings reveal stark inequities in funding access. Between 2015–2025, international NGOs (INGOs) received roughly $2.52 billion in direct humanitarian funding, versus just $480 million to all L/NNGOs (and only $37 million directly to grassroots groups). In 2016 INGOs received 13 times more than L/NNGOs (8:1 by 2024). This is compounded by extreme concentration: 86% of direct funds to local CSOs went to the top 5 organizations (76.5% for NNGOs), whereas INGOs’ top 5 share was only 33%. Roughly two‐thirds of LNGOs have only one-year grants (vs. 10% with ≥3 years), compared to 37% of NNGOs with multi-year funding. These patterns create a cycle of dependency where a few “gatekeeper” NGOs capture most funding, leaving others marginalized. Only 12% of L/NNGOs receive unrestricted or flexible funding, severely limiting their autonomy.
Key Findings – Financial Health: Local NGOs are highly financially fragile. Table 20 shows 90% of INGOs hold operating reserves, vs. only 13% of LNGOs and 25% of NNGOs. In practice most Yemeni L/NNGOs have no reserves to absorb shocks. Even when reserves exist, their size is tiny: no LNGO reserves exceed 60 days of expenses. By contrast, nearly 90% of INGOs’ reserves cover >90 days. Similarly, over 85% of LNGOs report no unrestricted income, versus 30% of INGOs with high unrestricted ratios. The predominance of short-term, project-restricted grants (often funneled via intermediaries) means locals have virtually no budget flexibility. This lack of reserves and unrestricted revenue makes L/NNGOs “financially precarious,” unable to withstand even brief delays or budget cuts. The data underscore that resilience gaps in Yemeni civil society are directly tied to funding inequities and dependency.
Key Findings – Income Quality & Cost Recovery: Yemeni NGOs overwhelmingly rely on restricted project funding, with almost no indirect cost recovery. Global analyses note that many local actors cover only 0–30% of their administrative costs, far below sustainability benchmarks. The IASC confirms overhead rates for L/NNGOs are often ineligible or excluded from donor budgets. Our field survey found 0% of LNGOs reported full cost-recovery from grants, forcing them to cross-subsidize core expenses. Only 69% of LNGOs even had a formal cost-recovery policy (versus 100% of INGOs), and fewer than half update budgets frequently. Poor cost-recovery practices mean that critical functions (admin, compliance, HR) run on shoestrings. Overall income quality is rated “very low” for local NGOs: with minimal diversification beyond donors, they cannot generate surpluses to build reserves. In sum, weak financial management and negligible overhead funding leave L/NNGOs institutionally vulnerable.
Systemic Barriers: Our analysis identifies multiple structural obstacles. At the global level, donor compliance requirements (detailed reporting, language, audited standards) force L/NNGOs into “performative professionalism,” mimicking INGO systems rather than focusing on local needs. Donors’ risk-averse policies and fragmented funding channels concentrate power outside Yemen. Within Yemen, banking challenges (potential SWIFT disconnections, dual financial regimes in Sana’a/Aden) hamper international transfers. Government funding for NGOs is negligible, and regulatory uncertainty undermines planning. Poverty, conflict insecurity and elite capture by a few local actors further distort access.
Coping Strategies & Opportunities: Despite constraints, Yemeni NGOs innovate. They leverage informal and faith-based streams: Zakat (obligatory alms), Waqf (endowments), Sadaqah, and diaspora philanthropy. For example, the General Authority of Zakat disbursed YER 11.2 billion (USD 44.7 million) in Ramadan 2025, yet these funds often bypass local CSOs or suffer politicization. Civil society also uses grassroots philanthropy, community campaigns, and small businesses to diversify income. Still, these sources remain “highly fragmented” and require better alignment. Notably, our study highlights promising un-/under-used models: coordinating with Zakat authorities, developing Islamic finance instruments (sukuk, Mudarabah), revitalizing community Waqf endowments, and engaging the Yemeni private sector/CSR. Such innovations could channel local resources into humanitarian efforts if regulatory and partnership barriers are addressed. In short, opportunities exist in indigenous finance and pooled local mechanisms, but only if international actors share power to harness them.
Reform Imperatives: To move from “survivalism” to sustainability, the report identifies three imperatives: (1) Financial Equity: Equitable financing means redirecting budgetary power. Donors and INGOs must dramatically increase direct, flexible multi-year funding to L/NNGOs, with explicit targets for women-led and grassroots groups. (2) Institutional Resilience: Local NGOs need support to build robust systems. This includes fair overhead cost recovery, long-term reserves, written policies, and capacity to absorb shocks. Enhancing leadership, governance, and financial skills will make L/NNGOs less dependent on intermediaries. (3) Localized Legitimacy: True sustainability requires shifting power and trust back to communities. International stakeholders should validate local knowledge and accountability. This means recentering legitimacy around community trust (rather than just donor metrics), reforming partnerships toward co-leadership, and simplifying compliance so that local NGOs can collaborate on equal footing.
Strategic Pillars & Governance: Building on these imperatives, the report proposes six strategic pillars (broad domains for action): (1) Equitable Funding (targeted direct grants, pooled funds for L/NNGOs), (2) Capacity & Resilience (invest in reserves, cost-recovery systems, management), (3) Partnership Reform (models of co-implementation, shared M&E, equitable cost-sharing), (4) Innovative Finance (institutionalizing Islamic, diaspora, private-sector channels), (5) Accountability & Data (transparent tracking of aid flows, participatory metrics reflecting local perspectives), and (6) Local Leadership (strengthening NGO networks, women’s rights groups, civic space). To oversee implementation, a dedicated Secretariat (multistakeholder office) and a high-level Steering Committee are recommended. These bodies—comprising donors, UN/INGOs, Yemeni authorities and NGO representatives—would coordinate strategy, monitor progress, and ensure that reforms stay aligned with local priorities.
Call to Action: The evidence is clear: without radical change, Yemen’s NGO sector will continue in peril. Transforming survivalism into sustainability demands not just reform but redistribution—of power, trust, and resources. Global donors, UN agencies, INGOs and the Yemeni government must act decisively. By redistributing financial leverage, adapting policies to local contexts, and entrusting local actors, the humanitarian system can empower Yemen’s own NGOs. Only then can aid delivery become more effective, sustainable, and locally driven.

Il testo è una sorta di “narrazione” della professione di assistente sociale così come l’ho sperimentata ed esercitata da oltre trent’anni. Comprende sia la storia del servizio sociale che la metodologia, incrocio che ha permesso alla professione di avere solide fondamenta. Nell’elaborato ho cercato di mostrare quanto il mestiere di assistente sociale sia complicato e di come la professione possa essere debole. Di quanto incida l’immaginario collettivo, delle aspettative e delle motivazioni a questa particolare professione di aiuto e di come si possa diventare un’assistente sociale “sufficientemente adeguata”. Ho voluto porre, poi, una particolare attenzione agli “incidenti sul lavoro” (situazioni che minano l’integrità bio-psichica – motivazionale dell’operatore) e come prevenirli o meglio di come permettere agli assistenti sociali di lavorare con perizia e in sicurezza, attenti al proprio benessere. Infine ho introdotto alcune note al termine di ogni capitolo. Esse riportano esper...

Παρουσιάζεται έρευνα μεταξύ επαγγελματιών συμβούλων και συμβούλων που παρέχουν συμβουλευτική υποστήριξη ενσωματωμένη στη βασική επαγγελματική τους ιδιότητα με στόχο να ανιχνευτεί ο ρόλος τους στα πολυπολιτισμικά σχολικά περιβάλλοντα, στα οποία οι σύμβουλοι καλούνται να αλληλεπιδράσουν με μαθητές/τριες διαφορετικού πολιτισμικού υπόβαθρου (μετανάστες, πρόσφυγες, ρομά, μαθητές/τριες με ειδικές ανάγκες, μαθητές/τριες με διαφορετικό σεξουαλικό προσανατολισμό). Έλαβαν μέρος 12 σύμβουλοι επαγγελματίες συμβουλευτικής, αλλά και σύμβουλοι που ασκούν ενσωματωμένη συμβουλευτική (εκπαιδευτικοί, κοινωνικοί λειτουργοί, ψυχολόγοι, νοσηλευτές) του ν. Μεσσηνίας και της Αττικής. Η έρευνα πραγματοποιήθηκε το 2021-2022 με τη χρήση δομημένων συνεντεύξεων. Η έρευνα κατέδειξε την αναγκαιότητα διαχείρισης της ετερότητας από τη μεριά των συμβούλων με σεβασμό στο δικαίωμα στη διαφορετικότητα και με ενεργητική πολιτισμική περιέργεια και διάθεση να ανιχνευτούν και να αξιοποιηθούν οι διαφορετικοί πολιτισμικοί πόροι που διαθέτει ο/η κάθε συμβουλευόμενος/η. Ο/η σύμβουλος πρέπει να συνειδητοποιήσει την ευθύνη που έχει απέναντι στις συγκεκριμένες ομάδες μαθητών/τριών και να έχει επίγνωση ότι η πολυπολιτισμική συμβουλευτική είναι μία σύνθετη διαδικασία που δεν πρέπει να περιορίζεται μόνο σε συγκεκριμένες θεωρητικές προσεγγίσεις. Αντιθέτως, πρέπει να φροντίζει να βρίσκει νέους τρόπους προσέγγισης των συμβουλευόμενων ή να προβαίνει σε συνδυασμό προσεγγίσεων οι οποίοι θα του επιτρέψουν να αξιοποιήσει κατάλληλα τους διαφορετικούς πολιτισμικούς πόρους που διαθέτει ο/η καθένας/μία από αυτούς/ές.

La religión es un aspecto importante para la población puertorriqueña. Por años, la literatura científica ha señalado la importancia de la religión para lo físico y mental en la salud. Varios investigadores/as han desarrollado instrumentos de medición sobre religiosidad con el propósito de comprender mejor este fenómeno. Sin embargo, hasta el momento, no se ha identificado un instrumento sobre religiosidad para la población puertorriqueña. Con el propósito de desarrollar una escala de religiosidad para Puerto Rico, se realizó una revisión de la literatura que permitió el desarrollo de 63 reactivos distribuidos entre cuatro sub-escalas (Intrínseco, Organizacional, No-Organizacional y Subjetivo). Se realizaron análisis de validez y confiabilidad para el instrumento de religiosidad con una muestra por disponibilidad de 140 participantes. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de cuestionarios auto-administrados en línea y en papel. Los resultados para el análisis de factores exploratorio evidenciaron la existencia de tres factores. La validez interna de la escala de religiosidad fue satisfactoria, como también, para cada una de las sub-escalas. La validez de constructo convergente fue apoyada con la Duke University Religion Index (DUREL). Estos resultados sugieren que la escala de religiosidad tiene el potencial para medir este constructo en la población puertorriqueña. Además, la escala de religiosidad permitirá el avance de nuevas investigaciones sobre el fenómeno de la religión en Puerto Rico.

Tässä syventävien opintojen tutkielmassa tarkastellaan, millaisia uskontodiskursseja erään pääkaupunkiseudun kunnan sosiaalityön ja pääkaupunkiseudulla toimivan järjestön työntekijöiden asiakastyöhön liittyvissä puheenvuoroissa esiintyy ja miten niitä rakennetaan. Tutkimuksen aineistona on kolme työntekijöiden ryhmähaastattelua, joista yksi on toteutettu kunnan työntekijöiden ja kaksi järjestön työntekijöiden kanssa tammi-maaliskuussa 2020. Tutkimus on poikkitieteellinen ja sijoittuu uskontososiologian ja asumisen sosiaalityön kentille. Diskursiivinen uskonnontutkimus ja yhteiskunnallinen eriytyminen osana länsimaista sekularisaatiokehitystä muodostavat tutkimuksen teoreettisen viitekehyksen. Aineiston analyysi on toteutettu kriittistä diskurssianalyysia ja kategoria-analyysia soveltaen. Aineistossa esiintyvät uskontodiskurssit voidaan jakaa ymmärrykseen pyrkivään diskurssiin, realismidiskurssiin ja reflektoivaan diskurssiin. Ymmärrykseen pyrkivässä diskurssissa painottuivat asiakka...

This article examines the entanglement of German social work with National Socialism (1933-1945), focusing on the Soziale Frauenschule Aachen (SFSA) as a case study, and reframes its history within Michel Foucault's concept of biopower and Giorgio Agamben's theories of bare life and the state of exception. Drawing on archival sources (Bundesarchiv, Arolsen Archives) and Tim Ernst's research (2021, 2024), the study reveals how social work, traditionally a humanitarian practice, was co-opted into Nazi biopolitical strategies to optimize the "Aryan" Volksgemeinschaft while excluding or eliminating "undesirable" populations. The National Socialist People's Welfare (NSV), under leaders like Erich Hilgenfeldt, deployed programmes such as Winterhilfswerk and Lebensborn to foster "racially valuable" life, while social workers, including SFSA graduates, enforced surveillance and exclusion, marking Jews, Roma, and the "asocial" as bare life subject to internment or death. The SFSA, a Catholic institution, navigated Gleichschaltung through pragmatic adaptations-adjusting its curriculum to NSV mandates and tolerating völkisch sympathies among leaders like Maria Offenberg-until its 1941 closure, a contested moment of resistance or insufficiency. Postwar silence under Offenberg's leadership obscured this complicity, perpetuating biopower's subtler legacies. By situating social work within a totalitarian biosphere, this analysis exposes its dual capacity to care and control, arguing that the Nazi era exemplifies biopower's extreme logic: "making live and letting die." The study urges contemporary social work to confront these historical continuities, offering a critical lens on the profession's ethical vulnerabilities under authoritarian regimes.

What factors are associated with social workers’ political participation,
and how does political confidence mediate those relationships?
To answer this question, data were collected in 2020
through an original online survey of members of the U.S.-based
National Association of Social Workers (NASW). Informed by selfefficacy
theory, researchers conducted a structural equation modeling
(SEM) path model with political participation as the outcome
variable, and political confidence as a mediating variable.
Exogenous variables included: one’s self-reported political orientation,
belief that social work has a political mandate, gender, and
knowledge about how to effectively participate in politics. Results
indicate that high political confidence is associated with political
participation. Similarly, the belief that ‘the social work profession
has a political mandate’ is positively related to political participation,
both directly and indirectly through its positive association
with confidence. This study suggests that political knowledgebuilding
in curriculum and programming, while necessary, does
not sufficiently influence political participation. Instead, to support
a politically engaged social work profession, social work educators
and professional bodies ought to couple content about political
knowledge with political practice in ways that realistically increase
students’ political confidence and commitment to the idea that
social workers are mandated to engage in politics.

Αν φοβάσαι όταν κάνεις κάτι μόνος σου ή μόνη σου ή όταν βρίσκεσαι μακριά από τους γονείς σου, τότε αυτό το βιβλίο είναι για εσένα!
Το βιβλίο «Τι να κάνεις όταν είσαι χωρίς τους άλλους» καθοδηγεί τα παιδιά και τους γονείς τους, καθώς και όποιον άλλο, ειδικό ή μη ειδικό, ασχολείται με τα παιδιά, και τους βοηθά να διαχειριστούν τα συναισθήματα που σχετίζονται με το άγχος αποχωρισμού χρησιμοποιώντας στρατηγικές και τεχνικές που βασίζονται σε γνωστικές-συμπεριφορικές αρχές.
Αυτό το διαδραστικό βιβλίο αυτοβοήθειας αποτελεί πηγή αναφοράς για την εκπαίδευση, την κινητοποίηση και την ενδυνάμωση των παιδιών, ώστε να ξεπεράσουν το άγχος αποχωρισμού και να αυξήσουν την αυτοπεποίθησή τους.

This study asks what kinds of ways of action emerge in an unstable labor market situation, and what are the processes that form these particular ways of action? More particularly, this study examines processes of the precarization and subjectification of work, by focusing on precarious agency and asking what are the ways and possibilities that make the insecurity tied to precarious situations tolerable. The research data consists of 58 interviews with people living in precarious labor market situation. The interviewees include 33 women and 11 men, most of them well-educated and aged between 30 and 45. The first data pool consists of 28 interviews conducted with the same people twice, at a seven-year interval. The second data pool consists of 30 interviews obtained from the Finnish Social Science data Archive (FSd). The above data have been analyzed through inductive content and concept analysis. The results of the analysis can be described through four entities that stress different ways of action. The ways of action are constructed in relation to time, motion, control and human relations. The insecurity of labor market situation strengthens one's need to predict and secure future. This makes it difficult to focus on the present, and the way of action becomes that of restlessness. One must show commitment to and passion for work, because constant changes and anxiety about future employment undermine real possibilities for commitment. The present is protected by shortening the time perspective, and by giving up the attempt to control one's own life. The vulnerability of one's ties to the labor market also means remaining in the reflective motion. Breaks in career repeat the need to contemplate on one's own desires and to relate them to the existing realities of working life. The way of action becomes that of searching. If the norms guiding one's action are contradictory or contradict the practices of working life, one's agency becomes obstructed, and the way of action becomes that of getting lost. Agency is executed by ways of trying, tolerating and enduring. One's distance to working life's forces and the search for autonomy are regulated by various strategies of management. Work or employment that resembles entrepreneurship may well be experienced as one's own choice that guarantees employment and the overall pleasantness of life. In addition, autonomy is constructed discursively by distancing oneself from conventional meanings of work. However, the employers may organize precarious work in ways that increase dependency. One such way is chaining consecutive fixed-term contracts, which makes one question the value of one's own work. The way of action becomes that of observing and modifying oneself for the purposes becoming worthy of the community. Precarious workers do not merely "experience" the insecurity "produced" by the labor market; instead, as interactive agents in this process they, too, give meanings to matters. However, their possibilities of achieving agency that would make the insecurity livable vary. The key question is the way the organiza¬tion of precarious work creates unequal possibilities of experiencing that one has carried out one's work well and that one's way of working is unique and valuable.

This study asks what kinds of ways of action emerge in an unstable labor market situation, and what are the processes that form these particular ways of action? More particularly, this study examines processes of the precarization and subjectification of work, by focusing on precarious agency and asking what are the ways and possibilities that make the insecurity tied to precarious situations tolerable. The research data consists of 58 interviews with people living in precarious labor market situation. The interviewees include 33 women and 11 men, most of them well-educated and aged between 30 and 45. The first data pool consists of 28 interviews conducted with the same people twice, at a seven-year interval. The second data pool consists of 30 interviews obtained from the Finnish Social Science data Archive (FSd). The above data have been analyzed through inductive content and concept analysis. The results of the analysis can be described through four entities that stress different ways of action. The ways of action are constructed in relation to time, motion, control and human relations. The insecurity of labor market situation strengthens one's need to predict and secure future. This makes it difficult to focus on the present, and the way of action becomes that of restlessness. One must show commitment to and passion for work, because constant changes and anxiety about future employment undermine real possibilities for commitment. The present is protected by shortening the time perspective, and by giving up the attempt to control one's own life. The vulnerability of one's ties to the labor market also means remaining in the reflective motion. Breaks in career repeat the need to contemplate on one's own desires and to relate them to the existing realities of working life. The way of action becomes that of searching. If the norms guiding one's action are contradictory or contradict the practices of working life, one's agency becomes obstructed, and the way of action becomes that of getting lost. Agency is executed by ways of trying, tolerating and enduring. One's distance to working life's forces and the search for autonomy are regulated by various strategies of management. Work or employment that resembles entrepreneurship may well be experienced as one's own choice that guarantees employment and the overall pleasantness of life. In addition, autonomy is constructed discursively by distancing oneself from conventional meanings of work. However, the employers may organize precarious work in ways that increase dependency. One such way is chaining consecutive fixed-term contracts, which makes one question the value of one's own work. The way of action becomes that of observing and modifying oneself for the purposes becoming worthy of the community. Precarious workers do not merely "experience" the insecurity "produced" by the labor market; instead, as interactive agents in this process they, too, give meanings to matters. However, their possibilities of achieving agency that would make the insecurity livable vary. The key question is the way the organiza¬tion of precarious work creates unequal possibilities of experiencing that one has carried out one's work well and that one's way of working is unique and valuable.

While there is function of execution, then there are possibilities of accident. Construction is a versatile execution activity and here huge workers are involved all over the world. By this sequence Construction workers in Bangladesh face numerousaccidentsincluding occupational hazards, injuries, and mental health challenges. When any accident happened-at first it affectsinstantlythe mind of total team in the working site and finally impact the working environment. As a result, the affected personnelsuffersmuch even die and others teammates cannot concentrate their mind into workfor long time. This study explores the prevalence, causes, and management of these issues. It highlights the gaps in safety protocols, the role of government policies, and the necessity of implementing effective intervention programs to improve worker well-being. The manuscript suggests targeted strategies for accident prevention, injury management, and mental health support tailored to the Bangladeshi construction sector.

Why does a social revolt break out in a given moment and time ?
The  historiography of revolutions and social movements in the sixties and seventies was unable to answer this question, one which in many cases was not even posed.
We content that the answer is to be found in the ‘immediate influence’ of mentality rather than in the ‘ultimate influence’ of the economy as this is influenced by intermediate levels.
Our research on the irmandiños revolt in the kingdom of Galicia in 1467 and the study of bibliography on European revolts during the Late Middle Ages demonstrates that it is a feeling of grievance transformed into avenging mentality what triggers off the revolutionary action. Only then do the more economic and social demands surface .
The violent breach of the feudal pact occurs when vassals feel they have been betrayed by lords, who do not comply with the social function of administering justice and guaranteeing protection against third parties. Such social function justifies the payment of jurisdictional rents by peasants in accordance with the prevailing ideological and mental system of the ‘three orders’.
If we shed light on the immediate causes of the medieval and modern revolts , we shall be in a better position to comprehend their lasting effects on society, economy and power, especially in the final period of the Middle Ages and early Modern Age.
A greater acquaintance with the collective mental mechanisms that have triggered off popular revolts in the past will allow us, through analogy and comparison, to  understand better the great revolts that are taking place nowadays, from the fall of the Berlin Wall to the recent demonstrations in Seattle or the Zapatist revolt back in 1994.
The great mass mobilisations are topical again and have thus returned to historiography. The time has come to leave behind the structuralist, economic and objectivist paradigms of the sixties and seventies to progress towards a more complex and global historiographical paradigm.

Este artículo aborda la reproducción de desigualdades de género en el Servicio de Ayuda a Domicilio (SAD) y la responsabilidad del Trabajo Social en este contexto. Se estudia la tensión entre la autonomía personal de las personas usuarias y la promoción de la igualdad de género en estos servicios. Aunque la libertad de elección es crucial para garantizar la autonomía personal, también puede reforzar roles tradicionales que asignan a la mujer como principal cuidadora, perpetuando la feminización del cuidado. A través de una metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas en profundidad a trabajadoras sociales, se analizan sus discursos y prácticas a la hora de seleccionar a la persona profesional encargada de la provisión de los cuidados en el hogar. Los resultados muestran que el SAD es percibido como un trabajo “de mujeres” y que las personas usuarias suelen preferir a personas cuidadoras mujeres, lo que refuerza los estereotipos de género en el sector y contribuye a mantener las desigualdades en la distribución del trabajo de cuidados. El estudio plantea la necesidad de que el Trabajo Social promueva un equilibrio entre el derecho a la libre elección y la justicia social, evitando así la reproducción de roles tradicionales. Se destaca la importancia de incorporar la perspectiva de género en el Trabajo Social y se propone la “autonomía relacional” como alternativa.

The Routledge Handbook of International Critical Social Work is a companion volume to the Routledge Handbook of Critical Social Work. It brings together world’s leading scholars in the field to provide additional, in-depth, and provocative consideration of alternative and progressive ways of thinking about social work.
Critical social work is increasingly involved in a global conversation, and as a subfield of social work it is rapidly becoming an interdisciplinary field in its own right and promoting novel forms of political activism. The Handbook showcases the global influences and path-breaking ideas of critical social work and examines the different stances taken on important political and ethical issues. It provides the first complete survey of the vibrant field of critical social work in a rich international context. This definitive volume is one of the most comprehensive source books on
crucial social work that is available on the international stage and an essential guide for anyone interested in the politics of social work.

The Handbook is divided into seven sections:
• Thinking the Political
• Politics and the Ruins of Neoliberalism
• Negotiating the State: Resistance, Protest and Dissent
• Race, Bordering Practices and Migrants
• Post Colonialism, Subaltern and the Global South
• Critical Feminism, Sexuality and Gender Politics
• Posthumanism, Pandemics and Environment

The Handbook comprises 46 newly written chapters (and one reprint) which concentrate on differences between European and American contributions in this field as well as explicitly identifying the significance of critical social work in the context of Latin America. It provides a further vital trajectory of intellectual practice theory via interdisciplinary discussion of areas such as biopolitics, critical race theory, boundaries of gender and sexuality, queer studies, new conceptions of community, issues of public engagement, racism and Roma people, ecological
feminism, environmental humanities and critical animal studies.

In my doctoral thesis, I examine the public and political activities of social organisations - circles, associations, congregations of Mary - linked to the Roman Catholic Church, and their impact on their narrower and wider environment. The timeframe is the two world wars, but it is also necessary to look at the period of dualism, when a significant number of these associations were founded. My point of departure is Szeged, one of the centres of Hungarian Catholicism, with the inclusion of national points of reference. Already at the beginning of my research, it became clear that it is not easy at all to give contours to this complex category of associations. A good part of the historical studies on the subject do not even bother with the complex problem of separation. The majority of authors do not situate the associations under study in the social space, do not describe their relationship to the state, the legal environment or other organisations, and their typification is generally confused. The political, legal and social sciences have examined the issue in greater depth, producing a multitude of articles and volumes on the various forms of association of individuals, not only or mainly non-church associations. In my own work, too, it would be more convenient to examine only the relationship of the associations in question to the churches. But this would give the distorted impression that they have little to do with society as a whole. They were governed by secular laws, not to mention the fact that the relationship of the churches themselves to the state was also governed by law. The organisations in question are inseparable from the complex web of society, while at the same time being fundamentally different from other associations. In my presentation, I will illustrate the complexity of the issue from several perspectives, first of all with regard to the established denominations of the Horthy era, with a focus on the Roman Catholic Church. I will show that the larger churches had relatively clear rules on the possibilities and conditions of association. I will compare this with the position of secular legislation and then, drawing on social science findings, show why it is a mistaken historiographical practice to conflate social organisations linked to churches with associations most often called civil. My conclusion is that the latter are social organisations, mostly non-profit, nongovernmental, but also non-civil society. They can be divided into two broad categories, separated by the requirement of secular official approval. The classification within the two broad categories is problematic, however, and cannot be standardised, at best we can think in terms of flexible umbrella categories.

En este sentido, el presente texto pretende colocar en la discusión algunos de los aspectos antes mencionados, que se consideran fundamentales en la configuración del ser y hacer de trabajo social, que nos remitan de manera general al reconocimiento del estado que guarda nuestra disciplina, su ejercicio profesional y los procesos deliberativos que la caracterizan en la actualidad, bajo el reconocimiento de que en el devenir histórico se ha ido reconfigurando a través de la acumulación, adecuación y creación de conocimientos teóricos, metodológicos y prácticos, para constituir lo que denominamos Trabajo Social Contemporáneo, es decir, el que transcurre en nuestro tiempo de vida, el que nos toca vivir y construir como respuesta a las condiciones sociales imperantes.

La situación global de pandemia por COVID-19 nos ha conducido como disciplina y profesión a pensar en algunos de los retos que enfrentamos en la actualidad, siendo el propósito de este texto reflexionar en torno a tres cuestiones consideradas centrales para el trabajo social contemporáneo. El primer reto aborda cómo desde la disciplina nos acercamos a la realidad y cómo la comprendemos, derivando de ello
nuestra intervención, la cual representa el segundo reto, estrechamente relacionado con el tercero, sobre cómo se forma a los futuros profesionales del trabajo social para que cuenten con las herramientas necesarias para enfrentar situaciones de este tipo, enmarcado en la necesidad de promover con mayor intensidad el trabajo colectivo,
gremial, de trabajo social. En este texto se entretejen conceptos y categorías clave para nuestra disciplina, como son: la especificidad, la intervención en lo social y la complejidad, fundamentales para afrontar dichos retos.

Este ensayo promueve el análisis del impacto que las transformaciones del trabajo tienen en el trabajador con 1 discapacidad desde la 2 Psicología Crítica del Trabajo y las Organizaciones. La discusión presenta: 1) un breve trasfondo histórico de la integración social de la población con discapacidad; 2) cómo la crisis económica ha incidido en su participación laboral; 3) cómo impacta el funcionamiento psicosocial y construcción de subjetividades sin considerar su potencia y 4) una invitación a retar las construcciones estereotipadas sobre la discapacidad, el estatus quo que les margina y desapodera, desplazándolos de toda actividad social y proponiendo movimientos que contribuyan a su inserción social-laboral desde la academia y la práctica profesional.

The KHK victims in Türkiye faced a broad spectrum of human rights and freedoms violations as the government took permanent measures, which went far beyond a temporary state of emergency procedures. All oppressive actions, persecutions, rights and freedoms violations of the government were carried out under the guise of “fighting terrorism” to make them appear reasonable, proportionate and legitimate to the outside world. However, they were carried out in the spirit of “you are either with us or you are the terrorist!” temper. Thus, it could be said that government policies and practices based on KHKs caused and gave way to multiple numbers of international crimes, especially crimes against humanity, crimes of persecution, collective punishment, systematic discrimination, arbitrary detention, enforced disappearance, systematic torture, degrading treatment, inhumane treatment, violations of the right to life, crimes against the family, violation of child rights, violation of the right to have a sufficient standard of living, systematic hate campaigns vie hate speech and hate policies, encouragement and protection of violence, denial of access to justice etc. These violations had profound impact on the social groups and individuals directly targeted by the regime. Moreover, the KHKs collaterally damaged social and political rights of populations at large in Türkiye too.

Después de la pandemia de la Covid-19 ha habido un replanteamiento del modelo de cuidados de larga duración, que prioriza que las personas mayores que necesitan apoyos y cuidados puedan permanecer en su hogar y que apuesta por un cuidado personalizado y con un enfoque comunitario. El artículo analiza en qué condiciones se organiza hoy en España el cuidado en los hogares, para contrastarlo con un modelo ecosistémico, de base local y comunitaria. Plantea como conclusiones algunos de los retos de este nuevo modelo de cuidados, con ejemplos de iniciativas que trabajan con estos principios.

Women are observed to advance in different fields, such as sports, culture, and education, but still are facing problems in gaining economic independence. This is due to the lack of institutions and associations that are able to provide awareness of schemes and programs that support women from marginalized sections of society. However, they take the help of the financial system through SHGs that help tribal women to use it for income-generating purposes and to become economically independent. The sample size for the study was 30. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used while collecting the data. I have also used exploratory and descriptive research. This study examines the critical role of the SHGs among the Bodo women in generating economic empowerment and further contributing to the social development of the society.