Risk and crisis management

Las zonas urbanas costeras se han vuelto vulnerables frente a diversos
fenómenos naturales; entre ellos, el incremento del nivel del mar y los
fenómenos hidrometeorológicos extremos son algunos de los principales.
Éstos son el producto de diversos factores: movimientos de la corteza
terrestre, cambios del volumen del océano debido a la temperatura, cambios en las corrientes oceánicas o el cambio climático, el principal de todos ellos.
En el Golfo de México, una de las zonas de mayor riesgo es el litoral
veracruzano. Para un análisis de este fenómeno en el estudio de caso de la ciudad y puerto de Tecolutla, se verificó el pronóstico del alcance de la
línea de costa debido al incremento del nivel del mar, y se presentaron tres
proyecciones citadas por el Panel Intergubernamental del Cambio Climático (IPCC por sus siglas en inglés). En este sentido, las autoridades estatales, municipales e instituciones encargadas de Protección Civil evalúan la vulnerabilidad y elaboran la cartografía de riesgo para los diferentes tipos de fenómenos que los afectan. Por lo anterior, existen programas y procedimientos destinados a la generación de estudios y análisis requeridos para la construcción de mapas de riesgos, realizados por diferentes organizaciones públicas y privadas; una de ellas es la proporcionada por el Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED). Para la producción del mapa, se plantea una comparativa entre los datos obtenidos por las instituciones encargadas de protección civil, los grupos de investigadores universitarios y la información recabada en el lugar.

This article aims to understand how the ethical idea of "Corporate Social Responsibility" (CSR) can contribute to the fight against precariousness during crises such as pandemics. In a transition to the digital age, the study focuses on the difficult working conditions in Algeria, where the crisis had an impact by disrupting local and international supply chains and by causing the closure of entire wilayas from the coast to the Great South. Public and private companies are expected to be ethically responsible with fast and efficient measures to contribute to help hospitals and more. However, CSR should not be a reactive measure only in times of crisis, when reputation is at stake. The pandemic has revealed the urgent need to address equity and equality at work, particularly as many workers, forming a digital proletariat, lack the technological resources needed to engage fully in online employment. This study advocates for a framework that incorporates data-driven strategies and wealth redistribution, reducing digital disparities. Through the communication practices of citizens and entrepreneurs as reported in Algerian media and informed by international research from the 19th century to the post-COVID-19 era, we will delve into the ethical use of data assets. The goal aims to mitigate future epidemic

Annual report on excavations in Augst in 2013    13
Annual report on excavations in Kaiseraugst in 2013 (feat. new results on the lower town´s settlement development from the Auf-der-Wacht excavation 2013.001)    55

New findings on ancient surveying and parcel division in the northwestern lower town of Augusta Raurica    107

Archaeology taught on site: the public excavation 2013.058 in Augusta Raurica    115

Crisis – Downfall – Loss: “The common feature of all crises is their retrospective predictability.” (the archaeological contribution to the study of crises)    123

Rattles for children from Augusta Raurica (Roman toys)    141

The late antique brick kilns in the Liebrüti (Kaiseraugst AG) and their connection to Legio I Martia    157

A late Roman necropolis west of Castrum Rauracense: the Kaiseraugst-Höll burial ground    241

From handwritten catalog to integrated database: History of the inventories of finds from Augst and Kaiseraugst    333

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Ausgrabungen in Augst im Jahre 2013    13
Ausgrabungen in Kaiseraugst im Jahre 2013 (mit neuen Erkenntnissen zur Siedlungsgeschichte der NW-Unterstadt aus der Grabung Auf-der-Wacht 2013.001)    55

Neue Erkenntnisse zur antiken Vermessung und Parzelleneinteilung der Nordwestunterstadt von Augusta Raurica    107

Archäologie vor Ort vermittelt: Die Publikumsgrabung 2013.058 in Augusta Raurica    115

Krise – Untergang – Verlust: «Die Gemeinsamkeit aller Krisen ist ihre nachträgliche Vorhersehbarkeit» (das archäologische Potential für die Untersuchung von Krisen)  123

Rasseln für Kinder aus Augusta Raurica (röm    141

Die spätantiken Ziegelbrennöfen in der Flur Liebrüti (Kaiseraugst AG) und ihr Bezug zur Legio I Martia    157

Eine spätrömische Nekropole westlich des Castrum Rauracense: Das Gräberfeld Kaiseraugst-Höll    241

Vom handgeschriebenen «Catalog» zur integrierten Datenbank: Historie der Fundinventare von Augst und Kaiseraugst    333

Adopting an integrated ERM framework is a strategic imperative. It is a continuous journey that moves our organization from a reactive to a proactive stance on risk. Committing to this path will not only build enterprise-wide resilience but will also fortify us against the common failures of governance and culture that have historically undermined even the most successful enterprises. It is an investment in our ability to confidently pursue our most ambitious strategic objectives.

El capítulo inicia, después de la introducción, con un apartado en que
se plantean los conceptos básicos de desarrollo territorial e innovación
social, y se describe el proyecto general para el que se ideó el modelo de
intervención. A continuación, en el apartado tres, se explica el modelo de
intervención propuesto, diseñado particularmente para este caso. El cuarto
apartado recupera una semblanza socioeconómica de la zona a partir de los resultados de una encuesta levantada en hogares en 2019. El quinto punto detalla la dinámica operativa de reunión con los actores e incluye, como ejemplo, los resultados obtenidos respecto a las dinámicas productivas del sector. Por último, se presentan algunas reflexiones finales.

The monograph is devoted to a theoretical rethinking of the processes of simple, expanded, and contracted reproduction in a market economy, and to the critique of the methodological foundations of the System of National Accounts (SNA). It is demonstrated that the inclusion of depreciation in the composition of gross product, as established in the SNA, is a methodological error that distorts macroeconomic indicators. As an alternative, the necessity of calculating gross product on the basis of net capital formation is substantiated. On the basis of Smith’s Dogma and a reconstruction of K. Marx’s schemes, the conditions of equivalent exchange are formulated with clarifications: rent is treated as an independent form of income; profit is differentiated into its consumed and saved parts; depreciation is interpreted as redistribution rather than as newly created value. Special attention is given to the problem of unfinished production of capital goods.
A key result of the study is the application of the Symmetric Model, which extends the principle of interaction between the two departments in Marx’s schemes to the entire set of branches of the economy, including households. The model is built on the methodological foundation of second-order dialectics, second-order cybernetics, and social constructivism. It helps explain the nature of cycles and crises as immanent forms of manifestation of the reproduction process under the conditions of spontaneous self-regulation in a competitive economy.
A separate chapter is devoted to the manifestations of reproduction under conditions of monopolization and financialization of the economy, showing that the concentration of profit and the redistribution of resources in favor of the financial sector undermine the circular organization of the economy, disrupt equivalent exchange, and exacerbate structural imbalances. Monopolization, inequality, and financialization are considered as factors leading the market economy into systemic crisis.
In the final part of the monograph, the possibilities of mathematical formalization of reproduction processes are discussed. The Symmetric Model provides a basis for constructing dynamic systems that describe the interaction between branches and factors of production. This makes it possible to conduct local stability analysis, to identify endogenous sources of cycles and crises, and to develop methods of regulation on the basis of simulation modeling and artificial intelligence.
The Appendices contain AI Commentaries that demonstrate new possibilities for analyzing and interpreting complex economic problems with the help of AI. This format makes it possible to combine strict theoretical argumentation with elements of additional verification and methodological validation from the side of AI.
The work is addressed to researchers and practitioners in the fields of economic theory, macroeconomics, and institutional analysis, as well as to all those interested in the problems of reproduction, crises, and the reform of the SNA.

This article examines how the Maggi controversy was debated on social media, where a substance, monosodium glutamate (MSG), was found above the permitted level in these noodles in India. Drawing on qualitative content analysis of Twitter discussions, the study explores how risk perceptions were amplified, contested, and reframed in digital spaces. Findings indicate that Social media discourse emphasised MSG as a health hazard and a symbol of corporate negligence rather than discussing scientific evidence. Twitter users simultaneously expressed fear, mobilised boycott calls, circulated humour and memes, and defended Maggi against allegations. These polarised debates show how food safety controversies in India are scientific disputes, sensationalism, and distrust in corporates and regulators. The article highlights the need for transparent, culturally sensitive, and evidence-based science communication strategies to address public concerns in food safety debates.

Crisis generally stand as a big challenge in the construction industry, it affects productivity, safety and also profitability. This research inspects the resilience practices in organizations to develop a framework that reduces crisis. By using a survey method that targets professionals in Lagos State, Nigeria, this study identifies the types of crisis encountered, the approaches to resilience as well as factors that influence organizational resilience. The findings reveal that financial and human-made crises are the most important, and the resilience approaches include adaptive and reactive strategies. The resilience framework suggested focuses on proactive planning, effective communication, and continuous learning, stimulating sustainability and robust crisis management in the construction industry. This research contributes a practical tool that improves an organization's preparedness and long-term adaptability in a sector critical to economic growth.

The Outer Space Treaty (OST) was established to ensure the peaceful use of outer space for the benefit of all humanity. However, it overlooked the existential risks posed by natural celestial threatssuch as asteroids and comets-during its formulation. With the increasing recognition of near-Earth objects (NEOs) as credible threats to planetary safety, the need for a globally coordinated response mechanism has become urgent and essential. This paper examines the legal and governance challenges in planetary defense, emphasizing absence of explicit international frameworks to guide deflection missions, assign liability, and govern the use of potentially dual-use technologies like nuclear deflection systems. The paper identifies key legal gaps based on existing treaties, such as the OST, the Liability Convention, and the Rescue Agreement. It proposes the formation of a Planetary Defense Council (PDC) under the auspices of the United Nations. The proposed framework addresses decisionmaking authority, funding, liability sharing, and ethical considerations, including public communication and global inclusivity. This study frames planetary defense as a collective action problem and underscores the necessity of multilateral cooperation, transparent governance, and equitable participation in protecting life on Earth.

Die Zeitschrift Zanan-e Emruz erschien das erste Mal monatlich unter der Leitung von Shahla Sherkat im Juli 2014 (khordad 1393) und wurde im Mai 2015 nach 11 Ausgaben vom Amt für die Überwachung der Printmedien (Heyat-e Nezarat bar matbu’at) verboten. Als Grund für die Zensur wurden die Missachtung der Frauenrechte (adam-e ra’aayat-e hoquq-e zanaan), Drängen und Bestehen auf der Frauen zwischen Hoffnung und Erwartung Präsenz von Frauen in Stadien, und die Thematisierung der wilden Ehe (Pardaakhtan be Ezdewaaj – e Sefid) genannt.

Resumo: O presente trabalho analista a postura do comunicador quanto à realidade de administrar crises empresariais. Apresenta um mix de Comunicação Social, dizendo que um bom comunicador, administrador de crises, deve gerir e estar presente durante todos os ...

Le sentiment anti-tourisme se répand . Le Ministre du Tourisme de Grande-Bretagne, Michael Howard, créa un groupe de travail qui a pour mission de proposer des mesures afin de parer aux graves dangers que fait courir le tourisme aux monuments et sites.

This article provides a comprehensive theoretical, methodological, and practical examination of models and approaches for institutionalizing deliberative democracy. The proposed model is distinctive in that it offers the potential to correct the distortions of representative and direct democracy in Mongolia without generating major social conflicts or confrontations. Although elements of deliberative democracy have been applied sporadically and in incomplete forms across various localities in many countries-yielding positive outcomes at the level of municipalities, provinces, or districts-such practices have not been implemented at the national level, and thus have fallen short of addressing systemic distortions of democracy. If Mongolia succeeds in fully adopting this model, it could mitigate the adverse effects of corruption, clientelism, and excessive partisanship, thereby enabling more rational policy-making and delivering positive outcomes and impacts.

ÉRICO DUARTE1 INTRODUÇÃO É recorrente no debate naval e nas discussões sobre a modernização das forças armadas brasileiras dos últimos quarenta anos o argumento de que a Guerra das Malvinas (1982) foi vencida pelo Reino Unido devido à superioridade de seus submarinos de ataque com propulsão nuclear. A destruição do destroier ARA Belgrano em 2 de maio de 1982 pelo submarino de ataque HMS Conqueror teria sido o aspecto mais evidente disso. Esse argumento foi lançado pelos observadores da Marinha do Brasil e do Conselho de Segurança Nacional na época, ainda durante o regime militar brasileiro (

The research reveals that hosting sports mega-event has generated new opportunities, challenges on India the process of hosting has been a strategy for local Government to stimulated urban development. Which included promotion of the sports, relation with urban development and spectators. The total sample = 370. The result highlighted that due to the event there was a huge development in the sports infrastructure of the cities, jobs opportunities created for the people, attracted many fans from the different parts of the country and world. A new image of the host cities was created in the national arena. Primary data were collected during the period from March 2013 to May 2013. Pearson Chi-square test was applied to evaluate the independents of variables with regards to the characteristics of the sample. WCC 2011 has brought the city’s more opportunities for land development, transportation improvement, and other infrastructure promotions.

According to the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 6), the world needs to sustainably manage water resources through integrated water resource management (IWRM). The Philippines is committed to this goal by ensuring the implementation of IWRM at all levels. Concurrently, there is growing evidence that there is presently no consolidated data on the status of implementation at the sub-national level. With water shortages on the increase, it's more important than ever to find solutions to settle disputes and trade-offs so that water can be distributed effectively, sustainably, and equally. This paper aims to investigate the degree of implementation of IWRM that presents the actual state of affairs in terms of water management at the sub-national level. This study is focused on Palawan Province, with the following sites: Puerto Princesa City, El Nido, Roxas, and Taytay. A structured survey questionnaire was drawn up in accordance with the existing questionnaire developed for this purpose. The obtained data were computed using the steps developed for calculating the indicators of IWRM implementation degree. Puerto Princesa City, El Nido, Roxas, and Taytay have the following IWRM ratings: 39.93, 32.03, 37.99, and 36.32%, respectively, which means "medium-low" in which the IWRM components have largely been institutionalized, and deployment is well underway. In these regions, a subnational water management scheme exists, but its maximum capacity is mostly unrealized due to numerous constraints. The findings show that the numerous water laws are confusing and that water data for planning purposes is lacking. Even though there are many water agencies, they are not interconnected. This study is useful for successful IWRM implementation, which should encourage sustainable water resource management for environmental sustainability. Integrated methods for water resource management help to organize sustainable growth by assessing how water is handled in agriculture, urban applications, and the surrounding ecosystems.

1. OBJETIVOS 2. Indicar la caracterizacion de los arteterapeutas. 3. Estudiar que medios artisticos, humedos, secos, escultoricos, mixtos y tecnologicos aplican los arteterapeutas y con que frecuencia. 4. Establecer que herramientas y soportes ofrecen los arteterapeutas en sus programas y con que frecuencia. 5. Conocer la forma de proceder en arteterapia con respecto a los materiales para el uso optimo de una aplicacion arteterapeutica en su practica profesional. 6. Estudiar la influencia de los factores demograficos sobre la forma de proceder en arteterapia. 7. Determinar que funciones otorga el arteterapeuta a la conservacion de las obras realizadas en las sesiones. 2. ENFOQUE METODOLOGICO En ausencia de una descripcion clara, a la hora de proceder en el trabajo de los arteterapeutas para saber que materiales utilizan y como los utilizan, se planteo desarrollar un estudio empirico, basado en una metodologia cuantitativa descriptiva, de un diseno observacional transversal. En concr...

a University of Macerata, Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, Italy, sabrina.tomasi89@gmail.com, s.tomasi@unimc.com b Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, School of Business and Economics, Norway, giovanna.bertella@uit.no c University of San Raffaele, Rome, Faculty of Agriculture, Italy, cristina.santini@unisanraffaele.gov.it d University of Macerata, Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, Italy, a.cavicchi@unimc.it

específicamente el segmento de mercado LOHAS (Lifestyle of Health and Sustainability), representan oportunidades de negocios para los productores de la ciudad. El objetivo de esta investigación es examinar a los migrantes de retiro, en edad de pre vejez y vejez, residentes en esta ciudad para identificar su estilo de vida y sus hábitos de consumo. Esta investigación de tipo exploratorio se trabajó bajo un enfoque mixto a una muestra aleatoria de 101 personas y 10 entrevistas a profundidad tanto a consumidores como empresarios. Los resultados se analizaron con correlaciones de Pearson y mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS). Un panorama general del trabajo identifica la disposición de los migrantes a consumir productos amigables con el ambiente y la preferencia por comprar en tiendas locales. Esto es relevante para los estudios empresariales pues este perfil de consumidores, denominado LOHAS representa nuevos mercados de consumo para los productores locales.

The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy.

This study outlines the essential principles for effectively dealing with emergency situations, applicable to contexts such as natural disasters, workplace accidents, and public health crises. The purpose is to provide a structured framework that ensures safety, minimizes harm, and enhances preparedness. Using a qualitative approach, the research consolidates best practices from emergency management guidelines, public safety protocols, and crisis communication strategies. Key findings emphasize the importance of calm situational assessment, prioritizing safety, clear communication, basic first aid readiness, adherence to established procedures, reliable information sourcing, and proactive preparedness planning. The study concludes that integrating these principles into organizational and community protocols improves resilience and response efficiency. Its added value lies in presenting actionable, universally adaptable guidelines that can be incorporated into emergency preparedness training and planning.

This paper introduces the OntoMotoOS Meta-Resonance Score (OMRS), a novel framework for evaluating what constitutes “Good AI.” Unlike existing approaches that primarily assess technical performance such as accuracy or efficiency, OMRS integrates ethical, social, and philosophical dimensions into a unified meta-score. The framework consists of three layers: foundational quality (accuracy, safety), ethical trustworthiness (fairness, privacy, transparency, accountability), and societal impact (beneficence, respect for autonomy, inclusivity, sustainability). Drawing from system theory and normative ethics, OMRS incorporates mechanisms such as the Identity–Autonomy–Mirroring–Feedback loop, the Themis Filter, and the PhoenixLoop, which enable dynamic self-correction and ethical alignment. By bridging technical benchmarks with normative principles, OMRS provides both researchers and policymakers with a practical tool for measuring and governing AI systems responsibly.

ABSTRACT
Flood hazard is the most challenging hazard with several frequent impacts within the country. Generally, the chief objective of this study was to analyze the cause and effect of the seasonal flood hazard and the mitigation measures to be put in place by the rural households of Lare district. To come up with fine inference, descriptive statistic was employed for analyzing the quantitative and qualitative data that were collected through a household questionnaire survey, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations. This has shown that the study was undertaken using a mixed research approach in which the Statistical package for the social sciences version 23 was used for analyzing the data collected from 204 respondents. Descriptive statistic was used to describe the causes of the flood and were tabulated and presented in a chart. The effects of the flood were loss of livestock, crops, disease, and loss of money, which is (21,083,870 ETB). Mitigating the effect of the flood was carried out through coping strategies, mitigation strategies, and passing on warning information. The result of the measuring method used for mitigating flood effects was to define those variables as being selected or not selected during the field survey, and finally, analyze the result using frequency and cross-tabbing. The outcome of the findings has shown that rainfall, distance from the river, and absence of vegetation cover were deemed factors for the occurrence of flood hazard, resulting in a serious effect on the households of the affected site. The result has shown that floods severely affect crops, livestock, houses, and cause loss of many assets and valuable property that reaching up to 21,083,870. The underlying causes of vulnerability to flood for each household were activities like cultivation along the riverside, lack of alternative livelihood, poverty, and residing in flood flood-prone area. In this instance, female-headed households are more vulnerable compared to male-headed households. The result presented in this study has shown that the cause of flood hazard has a direct relationship to the effect and the mitigation measure. Based on the results of the findings presented in this study, early dissemination of the warning messages, moving to higher ground, and constructing of channel must be in place for the safety of the district from flooding.

Keywords: Cause, Effect, Flood, Mitigation, District.

The growing incorporation of machine learning (ML) components into safety-critical systems, such as those used in healthcare, transportation, and autonomous technologies, has given rise to urgent concerns over the dependability, assurance, and safety rationale of these components. The examination and certification of machine learning models is made more difficult by the fact that, in contrast to typical deterministic software, machine learning models frequently display opacity, non-determinism, and sensitivity to hostile impacts. This research investigates the many approaches to assessing the dependability of machine learning components. It does so by analysing primary and secondary data in order to gain an understanding of how these systems might be validated for real-world safety. Statistical robustness analysis, adversarial testing, hybrid verification methods, and interpretability tools are some of the primary methodologies that are investigated in this research. Additionally, regulatory frameworks such as FDA advice and ISO/PAS 21448 (Safety of the Intended Functionality) are subjected to a critical assessment. Despite the fact that machine learning (ML) reliability is multidimensional, including robustness, fairness, and adaptability, the present assurance techniques continue to be fragmented, and regulators are having a difficult time keeping up with the rapid advancements in technology. The evidence that comes from the perspectives of stakeholders underscores the significance of human oversight, ethical governance, and adaptive certification processes in the process of constructing public confidence. A combined framework of technological validation, regulatory adaptation, and socio-technical oversight is required, according to the findings of the study, who came to the conclusion that there is no single technique that can give a comprehensive answer. The enhancement of standards, the incorporation of transparency into machine learning design, and the promotion of worldwide harmonisation of safety norms are also some of the recommendations. In order to provide a thorough foundation for assuring the trustworthy deployment of machine learning in safety-critical areas, this research provides a synthesis of both technical and governance viewpoints.

Lo scritto analizza la nuova e, per certi aspetti, complessa disciplina della formazione dei mediatori civili così come risultante dal d.m. 24 ottobre 2023, n. 150, mettendo in luce -oltre ai rinnovati requisiti per l'iscrizione all'albo dei mediatori (e dei formatori) -le anomalie e le criticità che la normativa solleva, non tralasciando di immaginare possibili soluzioni a problematiche che interessano, sin da subito, organismi di mediazione ed enti di formazione. The article analyzes the renewed and, somehow, not-so-understandable rules devoted to the civil mediators' training as provided by the ministerial decree 24 October 2023, n. 150, highlighting -in addition to the new requirements for the qualification of mediators (and trainers) -the main critical issues the legislation raises, trying to imagine tentative solutions to problems that immediately affect all the mediation and training providers. Sommario: 1. La formazione dei mediatori civili e commerciali, ovvero l'anello debole di tutta la disciplina (previgente) della mediazione civile e commerciale; 2. La rinnovata formazione iniziale dei mediatori (generici ed esperti); 3. La rinnovata formazione continua dei mediatori (generici ed esperti); 4. La rinnovata formazione iniziale e continua dei formatori; 5. La disciplina transitoria; 5.1. Prescrizioni riguardanti i "già" mediatori generici "non iscritti"; 5.2. Prescrizioni riguardanti i "già" mediatori esperti "non iscritti"; 5.3. Prescrizioni riguardanti i "già" mediatori (generici ed esperti) "iscritti"; 5.4. Prescrizioni per i "già" formatori; 6. Norme transitorie per i responsabili degli organismi di mediazione e per i responsabili scientifici di enti di formazione; 7. Ulteriori questioni applicative; 8. Considerazioni conclusive. 1. La formazione dei mediatori civili e commerciali, ovvero l'anello debole di tutta la disciplina (previgente) della mediazione civile e commerciale L'introduzione del nuovo procedimento uniforme di mediazione, avvenuta con d.lgs. 4 marzo 2010, n. 28, se pure ha avuto l'indubbio merito di rivoluzionare la cultura della gestione delle controversie -progressivamente introducendo una visione cooperativa e non solo competitiva nella risoluzione delle stesse -ha tuttavia rivelato sin da subito, come già in altre occasioni sottolineato 1 , un rilevante elemento di debolezza, ovvero il percorso formativo per tutti coloro che avessero ambito a rivestire il ruolo di mediatore (e, per certi aspetti, di formatore).

The fact that systems in cybersecurity, healthcare, finance and critical infrastructure have grown so complex and are so related has made predicting incidents in advance a main part of risk management. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology in this context, offering sophisticated tools and methodologies to predict, detect, and mitigate potential incidents before they escalate into critical failures. It investigates Artificial Intelligence Incident Forecasting by looking at its theoretical basis, important technologies and practical usages. The field reviews current machine learning models, techniques for finding anomalies and predictive methods meant to notice and predict things like system outages, security breaches, crises in public health and natural disasters. It also points to a number of events where the use of AI in forecasting strengthened resilience and stopped crisis from occurring. Data quality issues, how models are explained and ethical matters are also identified and addressed by fairness in predictive technologies. A detailed examination demonstrates how AI could greatly change incident management and suggests points to keep in mind for more work and use of AI in this upcoming field.

Cascading disasters are multiple events that follow an ordered sequence that increases the occurrence rates of various events. These combined events compound the effects of single risks; consequently, priority is given to a multi-hazard systemoriented approach to mitigation, prevention, and management. Cascading disasters represent a significant challenge to conventional approaches to disaster risk management. As a result, there is a growing need for a unified view of risk. These events require a systemic cohesive and interconnected understanding. Therefore, this research seeks to offer a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the current literature on cascading disasters from a theoretical and empirical perspective. It aims to outline a critical understanding of how and why cascading events unfold and how the impacts of these events can be managed through a systematic, coordinated approach to disaster response. This study recognizes that systematic risk analysis, integrated disaster response techniques, and multi-sector coordination are fundamental components of an integrated disaster management framework in dealing with complicated, interconnected disasters across a range of settings. The research also identifies critical gaps in current disaster management policies and offers policy recommendations based on lessons learned from domestic and international case studies and best practices.

La ecoansiedad se corresponde con fenómenos como el estrés leve hasta trastornos clínicos como la depresión, la ansiedad, el trastorno de estrés postraumático y el suicidio, y estrategias de afrontamiento inadaptadas como la violencia en la pareja, y el abuso de sustancias. Cianconi y su grupo de investigación descubrieron tipos complejos de ansiedad y trauma climáticos, incluidos efectos intergeneracionales, especialmente
cuando los daños medioambientales implican la pérdida de un modo de vida o una cultura (The impact of climate change on mental health: a systematic descriptive review. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11: 74).

Over the past four decades, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has evolved into the lead federal agency for disaster preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation in the United States. This review traces the history and emergence of U.S. emergency management, the organizational structure and governance mechanisms across federal, state, and local levels, and FEMA's specific role therein. Drawing on official reports, policy analyses, and academic studies, it assesses FEMA's performance through multiple perspectives and models. Early shortcomings, notable reforms (such as those following Hurricanes Andrew and Katrina), and its all-hazards approach are discussed. FEMA's major achievements-including strengthening hazard mitigation, professionalizing emergency management, and managing large-scale disaster responses-are highlighted alongside enduring challenges like coordination gaps, resource constraints, and evolving threats (e.g., climate change). We argue that despite criticisms, FEMA has significantly improved U.S. emergency management capacity and remains indispensable for national resilience. The paper concludes with evidence-based recommendations for reform: elevating FEMA's authority, better integrating disaster programs across agencies, enhancing performance management, and preparing for future hazards. These reforms are grounded in scholarly analysis and reinforce the central thesis that a robust FEMA is both relevant and necessary for effective disaster management in the U.S.

L’elaborato intende esporre l’istituzione e l’operato della task-force United4Heritage, i cosiddetti “caschi blu della cultura”, guidata dal Comando Carabinieri per la Tutela del Patrimonio Culturale (TPC) all’interno dell’omonima campagna UNESCO. In particolare, questa si è sviluppata in un contesto internazionale caratterizzato dall’azione del gruppo terroristico Daesh, il quale sfoggiava la propria brutalità nei territori occupati in Siria e Iraq, oltre che con i numerosi attentati in tutto il mondo. Tra i crimini perpetrati, viene focalizzata l’attenzione sulla distruzione del patrimonio culturale. Questa si è, infatti, dimostrata un settore peculiare con la doppia valenza sia di spettacolarizzare la violenza contro l’eredità dei luoghi colpiti, sia di alimentare una delle principali fonti di finanziamento illecito a sostegno di tale organizzazione.

For the sample period annual data between 1977 to 2020 ,for Papua new Guinea , there is a long-run relationship (cointegration) between the exports , the real GDP , the PGK/USD exchange rate , the variability of the exchange rate , the consumer prices , the imports , and the money supply .Most of the aforesaid relationships or the signs of the coefficients of the variables in the cointegrating vector , after transformation into equation form are as expected from the theory .For example , the depreciation of the exchange rate of PGK /USD increases the exports ; but the increase in the variability of the PGK/USD rate decreases the exports by discouraging the exporters from the heightened uncertainty as the exporters are risk averse. The increase in the consumer prices and money supply decreases the exports. The increase in GDP has of course a positive favourable effect on the exports. Granger-causality using the Errorcorrection model has established that the change in natural log of the exports from Papua New Guinea are Granger-caused by the past level or the past trend of other variables in the system, namely the money supply, kina-dollar exchange rates depreciation, and the real GDP., the consumer prices and the variability of the exchange rate.

This research experiment was conducted in the town of Kessab in Latakia Governorate, Syrian Arab Republic, during the period 2022 (September-October). To investigate the effect of two different types of music classical (T1) and random (T2), in addition to the control treatment (T0) without music on the body weight, and the behavior performance in terms of eating habit and aggressiveness for a sample of quail.A total of (180) chicks quails were randomly distributed into three treatments (60) bird each treatment and were replicated three times with (20) quails per replication, using the completely randomized design (CRD). The results showed that a statistically significant (P≤0.05)were observed among the averages of the treatments.The averages of the body weights for the three treatments at the end of the experiment period in the 6 th week were as the following: (T1) 209.93 g, (T2) 212.62 g and (T0) 194.39 g. In conclusion, results of studies showed that classical and random music has positive effects on body weight and behavioralfeatures, according to the results, that music have significant effects and improved the productivity and decreased the stress factor in birds.

Social media platforms like Facebook have become central to modern communication, influencing how global issues and communities are understood. For the Rohingya refugees, Facebook serves as both a tool for selfrepresentation and a battleground for competing narratives. This paper analyses the framing of Rohingya refugees on Facebook, focusing on how these narratives (re)construct their identity. Using a qualitative content analysis method, it analyses the Rohingya Community's Facebook page from January 2018 to December 2022, comprising 156 posts. Three themes emerge as the prominent frame for the Rohingya crisis: humanitarian, cultural identity, and global solidarity. This research contributes to fostering framing research in social media for crisis communication.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the dividend performance of eight UAE based banks between the years 2001 and 2005. The analysis was undertaken by examining three sets of financial ratios that are routinely used to measure bank dividend performance. The main ratios that were employed put a particular focus on the banks' ability to pay dividends in relation to market value of its share, earnings and ability to cover the payments. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to rank the performance, measuring the dispersion and the stability-variability of the indicators. Conclusions were then drawn from the computation of the descriptive analysis of ratios that allowed the author to make an effective comparison of said banks. This type of analysis was used to summarize the performance of each bank based on three criteria, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of each banks performance. The findings showed that eight banks performed reasonably well during the period studied, but have different strategies in paying their dividends across the years under study. The analysis reveals that these banks have been affected by both internal and external factors.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the dividend performance of eight UAE based banks between the years 2001 and 2005. The analysis was undertaken by examining three sets of financial ratios that are routinely used to measure bank dividend performance. The main ratios that were employed put a particular focus on the banks’ ability to pay dividends in relation to market value of its share, earnings and ability to cover the payments. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to rank the performance, measuring the dispersion and the stability-variability of the indicators. Conclusions were then drawn from the computation of the descriptive analysis of ratios that allowed the author to make an effective comparison of said banks. This type of analysis was used to summarize the performance of each bank based on three criteria, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of each banks performance. The findings showed that eight banks performed reasonably well during the peri...

The paper focuses on the traditional and alternative mechanisms for insurance risk transfer that are available to global as well as to domestic insurance companies. The findings suggest that traditional insurance risk transfer solutions available to insurance industry nowadays will be predominant in the foreseeable future but the increasing role of alternative solutions is to be expected as the complementary rather than supplementary solution to traditional transfer. Additionally, findings suggest that it is reasonable to expect that future development of risk transfer solutions in Serbia will follow the path that has been passed by global insurance industry.

New technologies have facilitated the rise of citizen journalism, which promises to dramatically change the role of citizens in conflict reporting from consumers to producers and victims and witnesses to framers and analysts. If this potential is realised, the implications of this new form of journalism are significant, as they stand to challenge the government’s traditional role as the dominant source and interpreter of conflicts. This study examines the degree to which the citizen’s role has changed in conflict reporting through a comparative analysis of the 2008 Mumbai attacks in the New York Times, New Zealand Herald, London Times and the Times of India. The study finds that the rise of event-driven conflict news reporting offers a limited window of opportunity for non-governmental sources, particularly at the beginning of the conflict, to influence media coverage.

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Dijital çağda kriz iletişimi, geleneksel medya dönemine kıyasla çok daha hızlı ve şeffaf bir yaklaşım gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışma, dijital çağda kriz iletişimi bağlamında Patiswiss markasının LinkedIn'de karşılaştığı olumsuz medya içerikleri sonrasında yaşadığı kriz sürecini incelemektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, William Benoit'un imaj restorasyon teorisi çerçevesinde Patiswiss markasının kriz yönetim sürecini analiz etmek ve tüketicilerin verdikleri tepkileri ortaya koymaktır. Ayrıca, sosyal medyanın kriz yönetimindeki rolü vurgulanmaktadır. Dijital platformlarda krizler sadece olayın kendisinden değil, olayın hedef kitle tarafından algılanma biçiminden de etkilenmektedir. Dijital çağın hızla yaygınlaşan etkileşimli yapısı, krizlerin büyümesini hızlandırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın önemi, sosyal medya ortamlarının kriz yönetimi üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymasıdır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. X platformunda paylaşılan 645 post analiz edilerek kriz sürecindeki kullanıcı tepkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Postlar, imaj restorasyon teorisinin stratejileri doğrultusunda kategorilere ayrılmış ve MAXQDA ve Phyton programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Patiswiss markasının CEO'sunun sosyal medyada verdiği yanıtların krizin daha da büyümesine yol açtığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Özellikle, CEO'nun verdiği tepkinin durumu yatıştırmak yerine olumsuz etkilediği anlaşılmıştır. Bu durum tüketiciler tarafından yapılan paylaşımlarla eleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca paylaşımların %51,1'i marka imajına yönelik olumsuz algılara, ironiye ve kriz sürecinde yapılan hataların eleştirisine odaklanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Patiswiss, yaşanan krizi aşmak için imajını onarmak adına bir dizi adım atmıştır. Özür dileme yoluna giderek, ürün kalitesini ve müşteri ilişkilerini yeniden gözden geçirmiştir. Bu olay, dijital çağda kriz yönetiminin ne denli önemli olduğunu ve kriz anında empati odaklı, hızlı ve doğru stratejilerin kullanılması gerektiğini bir kez daha göstermiştir.