Research and Consultancy

Abstract
This research adopted a survey design which sought information from respondents on the
Information needs and seeking behaviour of practising nurses in Nigeria: the case of Our Lady
of Lourdes Hospital Ihiala. The population comprised fifty-two (52) practising nurses in Our
Lady of Lourdes Hospital Ihiala. There was no sampling because the whole population was
studied since it is small and manageable. The nominal role of Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital
was used to derive the population of the study. A questionnaire entitled “Information Seeking
Behaviour of Nurses Questionnaire (ISBNQ)” was developed by the researcher, validated by
experts and used for data collection. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient was
used to obtain a reliability coefficient of 0.84. Data were collected and analysed using mean
scores. The findings revealed that practising nurses in the Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital Ihiala
need information on education and training, information to improve knowledge in clinical
areas, care and management of patient, HIV/AIDS, immunization among others, nurses obtain
the needed information mainly through their working colleagues, working colleagues such as
nurses and doctors were accepted as the most adequate information source, lack of current
materials on nursing and lack of information literacy were the most ranking problems of
information needs of nurses. Based on the findings, recommendations include among others
that the management of the hospital should provide training, workshops and other current
information sources to managers, clinical nurse specialists and doctors since nurses seek
information from them.

The paper describes structure, rationale, principles, application, outcomes and transferability elements of an ongoing consultancy carried out by the authors with a team of CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) teachers in a primary school in Alto Adige/Süd Tirol, Italy, where a CLIL plurilingual programme has recently been introduced. The consultancy seeks to access and articulate teachers' tacit knowledge about good pedagogy, to work with teachers to agree on good practice in CLIL through action research and discussion, and to support teachers' professional development.

The study focused on meeting the information needs of Nurses for effective health care delivery in Nigeria with Federal Medical Centre, Owerri as case study and the area of study is SouthEast , Nigeria.. The descriptive survey method was used. The nominal roll of Federal Medical Centre,Owerri was used to derive the population of the study which is 300 and the sample of the study is 171. The questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. The data collected was analysed using the simple percentages and tables. The findings of the study revealed that the nurses had need of information to care and manage patients as well as to improve their knowledge in clinical areas. Internet, Journals and books were the major sources consulted by nurses even though they still consult other medical database. The nurses are not satisfied with the information sources they consult. The factor militating against easy accessibility to health information among nurses include inadequate training o...

The paper investigated computer anxiety and the use of computerized library system by university librarians in Delta State University Library, Abraka, Nigeria. Some of the root causes of computer anxiety among university librarians such as lack of exposure to computers at early age, inadequate computer skills, inadequate computer training, fear at the sight of a computer, lack of understanding of how computers works, etc. were pinpointed in the study. Also, the different services rendered in the university libraries with the aid of computers such as reference services, circulation services, acquisition services, cataloguing and classification services, etc. were identified. The study employed the expo-facto research design, with a population of 56 librarians, while the descriptive and inferential statistical tools were used to analyze the data generated from the administered copies of the questionnaire. Based on the aforementioned root causes of computer anxiety and the resultant effect on computerized library system, some recommendations were proffered in the study.

This study explored ethical issues influencing the use of ICTs for library service. delivery in Nigerian University libraries: A case study of Delta State University Library, Abraka... The study discussed ethical issues in the use of ICTs for library service delivery, the extent ethical issues influence the use of ICTs for library service delivery and the relationship berwveen ethical issues and the use of ICTs for | &brary service delivery, The study emploved ex post facto research design to establish the causal-effect relationship between the independent and dependent variables, The study was made possible by the responses obtained from 48 respondents who ave library staff (professionals and para-professionals) using the total caumeration technique. The researcher elicited responses fron the respondents with the aid of a self-canstructed open ended questionnaire and also a thoraugh review of both empirical and theoretical literature was carvicd out The findings revealed that there existed a significant relationship between ethical issues and the use of ICTs for library service delivery. It was also found that plagiarism, evberbullying, censorship, among others are the ethical issues influencing tlie 1s. of computers in rendering library services, This, it was recommended thet fibrai\ management should organize workshops/seminars for librarians in order to sensitize them on the ethical issues associated with the use of ICTs generally. Also, library management should established rules and regulations accompanied bv strict implementation in order to guide librarians and clienteles in the use of ICTs It was also recommended that library week should be erganized regularly te sensitize library users on ethical issues that are associated with the use of ICTs,

The study investigated ICTs and the functions of the operations of refineries in Nigeria: with
particular reference to the Warri Refining and Petrochemical Company in the Niger Delta
Region. This study x-rayed the ICT facilities used in Warri Refinery, operations carried out in
Warri Refinery, impact of ICTs on the functions of the operations of the Warri Refinery and the
challenges of using ICTs for the functions of the operations of Warri Refinery. Responses were
obtained from senior and junior staffo f Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Company with the aid
of a self-designed open ended questionnaire. The findings revealed that: computer, overheadprojector,
digital camera, internet, CD ROM, photocopier, walki-talkie, router, television, radio,
desktop computer, flash drive, multi-function printer, plotter and scanner are applicable in the
operations of refineries. The operations include: production, refining, transportation, storage
and marketing of crude oil products. It was also revealed that the impact of ICTs when applied
will bring about informed decision and low cost of production with less human efforts among
others. It was recommended that enough sincerity should be shown by government officials,
management and staffin the application of ICT facilities in the activities of refineries.

The study probed the information needs and seeking behavior
of nurses in Delta State University Health Centre, Abraka. In
order to carry out this study, three research questions that
addressed the information needs, information seeking behavior
and the sources of information consulted by nurses when
seeking for information were raised to guid ethe study. A selfstructured
31items questionnaire was used to elicit response
from the respondents via interview. The population of the
study comprised of 15 nurses in the health centre of Delta State
University, Abraka which also formed the sample size of the
study using the total enumeration sampling technique. The
researcher adopted the descriptive survey research design for
the study. The findings of the study revealed that the
information seeking behaviour of nurses during covid-19
pandemic include: discussion with colleagues, consultation
with pharmaceutical personnel, browsing of designated
medical websites, sharing ideas through designated
professional chat group(s) consulting e-books and e-journals,
discussion with hospital consultants as well as seeking
information from the mass media which also correlates with
the sources of information consulted. The information needs of
nurses as revealed from the finding of the study include:
information for personal development/advancement, medical
care, diagnosis, patient's records, treatment of patients,
outbreak of new disease, current medical issues, results of
scientific research, remedy of existing/new disease, preventive
measures and treatment of covid-19, drug prescription,
general information and symptoms of different ailments.
Therefore, the researcher recommended that: University management in liaison with the university library to work out
modalities on how to develop database for medical profession in
print/online and also carry out awareness campaign to
sensitize nurses and health workers generally on the need to
visit the library/library website when seeking for information.

This study looked at repositioning the 21st century university libraries in Nigeria: the role of librarians and the need for innovative services. The 21st Century as brought about different technological innovations which has invariable turned the world into a global village or knowledge society where information can be accessed with ease from any location irrespective of the distance. These have brought about huge challenges to libraries, librarians and the library profession generally to look for more proactive ways of generating information and making the generated information available to library users. This paper has successfully discussed issues that has to do with repositioning the 21st Century University libraries in Nigeria, the need to reposition the 21st Century University libraries, the role of librarians in repositioning the 21st Century University libraries, innovative services in University libraries and the challenges in repositioning the 21st Century University libraries in order to do justice to the topic of discussion.

This study investigated the socioeconomic impact of tobacco farming on farmers and household food security in Ang"urai Division, Busia County in Kenya. Stratified random sampling and systematic random sampling procedures were used to identify 385 farmers (216 tobacco farmers and 169 non tobacco farmers) from the study area. Purposive sampling was used to select the key informants and participants in focus group discussions. Questionnaires containing both open and close ended questions were used to collect primary quantitative and qualitative data. More insights on the problem were obtained through focus group discussions and from key informants. The study established that 66.2% tobacco farmers" respondents compared to 26.7% non tobacco farmers respondents did not grow enough food to sustain their families. The study also established that intensive labour demanded by tobacco farming, health problems associated with tobacco, and land disputes among tobacco farming families contribute to lack of access to food. The study concluded that though tobacco farmers plant the crop to improve their wellbeing, the activity is responsible for household food insecurity.

DETERMINANTS OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOURS AMONG ADOLESCENTS LIVING WITH HIV AND AIDS IN NAIROBI, KENYA

ABSTRACT:
This study sought to examine the determinants of sexual behaviours among adolescents living with HIV and AIDS. HIV status disclosure and felt stigma which were the determinants studied that relate to living with HIV and AIDS were found to have a close association with engagement in types of sexual behaviours among adolescents. In conclusions, this study shows that while adolescents aspire to leave relatively normal sexual lives
by engaging in various types of sexual behaviours, fear to disclose HIV status to partners influence how they conducted sexual lives. One of the key finding that some adolescents engaged in unprotected sex while their preference of sex partner were those who were HIV negative, they were not willing to disclose their HIV status to them. This risk transmission of HIV to partners, acquiring other sexually transmitted infections by the HIV
living adolescents, re-infection with other strains of HIV as well as having unplanned pregnancy. The key recommendation generated from this study is the need to re-examine the existing HIV primary prevention interventions that inform behaviours change communication in HIV programming with a view to addressing sexuality issues of adolescents living with HIV and AIDS.

Key words: Adolescents, HIV and AIDS, sexual behaviors, determinants,
HIV status disclosure, felt stigma.

The paper describes structure, rationale, principles, application, outcomes and transferability elements of an ongoing consultancy carried out by the authors with a team of CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) teachers in a primary school in Alto Adige/Süd Tirol, Italy, where a CLIL plurilingual programme has recently been introduced. The consultancy seeks to access and articulate teachers' tacit knowledge about good pedagogy, to work with teachers to agree on good practice in CLIL through action research and discussion, and to support teachers' professional development.

The enhanced role given to innovation in capitalist societies has resulted in a development where even matters such as gender equality are assessed and rewarded based on their innovation potential. Markets, innovations and companies are believed to possess and offer solutions to gender inequalities, a development that relies on the commodification of gender equality. This paper is based on an ethnographic study of the field of gender equality consultancy with the aim of critically investigating the belief that gender inequality can be solved with innovations. Focusing on clients, market demand, innovative and sellable solutions, and profits, gender consultancy illustrates how markets have become a model for equality work. The interviewed consultants created new products, thought up new words and concepts, and emphasised gain for the client. Innovation discourse iterates technocratic approaches to social and cultural problems. However, the paper argues that innovation discourse is a ...

The paper describes structure, rationale, principles, application, outcomes and transferability elements of an ongoing consultancy carried out by the authors with a team of CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) teachers in a primary school in Alto Adige/Süd Tirol, Italy, where a CLIL plurilingual programme has recently been introduced. The consultancy seeks to access and articulate teachers' tacit knowledge about good pedagogy, to work with teachers to agree on good practice in CLIL through action research and discussion, and to support teachers' professional development.

The enhanced role given to innovation in capitalist societies has resulted in a development where even matters such as gender equality are assessed and rewarded based on their innovation potential. Markets,
innovations and companies are believed to possess and offer solutions to gender inequalities, a development that relies on the commodification of gender equality. This paper is based on an ethnographic study of the
field of gender equality consultancy with the aim of critically investigating the belief that gender inequality can be solved with innovations. Focusing on clients, market demand, innovative and sellable solutions, and profits, gender consultancy illustrates how markets have become a model for equality work. The interviewed consultants created new products, thought up new words and concepts, and emphasised gain for the client. Innovation discourse iterates technocratic approaches to social and cultural problems. However, the paper
argues that innovation discourse is a ‘doing’ that is open for re-configuration. By searching for new business models based on the principle of ‘together in ways that matter’, the interviewed consultants also worked to contribute to a more equal and fair society. Thus, the commodification of gender equality simultaneously opens up possibilities to re-code and reappropriate the concept of ‘innovation’.

Commenting on draft papers and reports is an important, if unglamorous role. It stimulates collective discussion and builds capacity and networks both within and between organizations. Constructive feedback can make all the difference to the quality of research publications and the morale of those involved.

Part of Oxfam's Research Guidelines series, this guideline provides concise advice on how to give helpful feedback on drafts and make the most of what can otherwise be a frustrating process. It includes tips on how to engage effectively with authors and editors, and what to avoid, in order to make research relationships and communication work.

Consultants play a unique role as knowledge brokers in a scientific community. In the accelerating demand for knowledge-based practices, consulting has not only turned into a flourishing profession, it has also served as an effective strategy for academics to demonstrate practical implications of their work through spreading innovative ideas and promoting the use of knowledge for industry, policy and development practices. As a result, consulting has become an area of research in its own right in such fields as business and management, information and technology, and health studies or healthcare. In tourism, nonetheless, research on consultancy as knowledge brokering has been particularly limited. This article presents a general review and critique on consulting as knowledge brokering, and highlights issues, perspectives and implications for future research on this subject in the potentially largest origin and destination in world tourism.

Part of Oxfam’s Research Guidelines series, this guideline gives an overview of how to organize and conduct focus group discussions for qualitative research. Focus groups help to answer the ‘who’, ‘how’ and ‘why’ questions by allowing researchers to draw out respondents’ feelings, beliefs, attitudes, experiences and reactions in a way that is often not feasible using other methods. They are particularly useful for planning further data collection or to enrich and support existing data. Preparation, conduct, techniques, tips and reporting are all covered.

The Terms of Reference for Research Template should be used in conjunction with the Writing Terms of Reference for Research guidelines. Using these the researcher will be able to produce a Terms of Reference that is comprehensive and effective.

Oxfam strives to base its programmes on good quality research. Each year we devote significant resources to undertaking and commissioning research that will support and help to improve our work and that of our partners. Are we getting value for money in the research produced? The clarity of the Terms of Reference (TOR) given to the researcher(s) is one of the most important factors determining the quality of a piece of research. These guidelines and the accompanying template present a format for writing a clear and effective TOR. The following sections mirror those in the Terms of Reference for Research template and should be used as a guide to completing this document.

Consultancy provides the academic with experience which can provide a rich source of research material. In practice attempts to combine consultancy and research can be frustrating. In general consultants and academics differ in their motivations, outlook and behaviour. For a consulting assignment to act as a research vehicle, many different approaches can be adopted and a wide variety of subject matter can be the focus of attention. In the paper these issues are explored in relation to the author's experience in conducting an information systems project at an Australian iron ore mine. Consultants lack an explicit philosophy to provide coherence to their practice: pragmatism may be sufficient but the possibilities of a post-modernist stance are intriguing. For academics who wish to engage in consultancy the challenge is to understand and perform the role of the consultant beyond the constraints of their academic beliefs and behaviours.