Online Games

Aligning with the Industrial Revolution 4.0, an abundance of high-tech inventions has embarked their pavements in the educational field. Despite being under the 21st-century umbrella, the English language proficiency of Asian learners is still a few steps behind. Undeniably, most of the English as a Second Language (ESL) learners in Asian countries face challenges in learning ESL grammar. Grammar has been an intricate component to master due to its nature of complexity. This study aimed at exploring the effectiveness of using online language games in improving ESL learners' grammar. A total of 30 students in a secondary school were involved in this research. The research design of the quasi-experimental method was used, employing the pre and post-test. Data were analyzed using percentages to compare the results after three interventions of gamified-learning known as Socrative, PowerPoint Challenge Game, and Kahoot! The main findings indicated that learners' scores on the grammar post-test showed a significant increase from the pre-test. The improvements can be seen in the grading system, whereby, no participant obtained a grade D and E in the post-test as compared to the pre-test. Hence, the results depicted that gamified-learning is effective in teaching grammar to ESL learners.

The health crisis caused by COVID-19 views technological innovation as a way to improve equity in education. Gender differences in education are under constant investigation due to the long-term consequences on the personal and professional future of students. The goal of this work is to analyze the prevalence of the student's gender in their daily interactions with devices on the Internet. Supported by a comparative education research methodology. A representative sample of a population of students of Spain, countries of the EU (European Union) and the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) are contrasted. The regression analysis and an adjustment by coefficient of determination determined the intensity of the dependency relationship between the independent variables: daily participation in social networks, daily participation in online games, daily reading of online news and the dependent variable is the average mathematical score. The results are compare...

Razvoj i svakodnevna primjena suvremenih digitalnih tehnologija otvaraju brojne prednosti u smislu olakšanog i zanimljivog pristupa učenju, interaktivnosti i drugih mogućnosti komunikacije. Pametni telefoni, društvene mreže, razne aplikacije ono su što većina mladih smatra nužnim oblikom komuniciranja. Međutim, izloženost pojedinim digitalnim sadržajima otvara brojne rizike i opasnosti. Naročito je rizična skupina mladih koji već imaju razvijene probleme u ponašanju i koji iskazuju sklonost rizičnim ponašanjima. Cilj nam je bio ponuditi pregled uloge nekih novih tehnologija u korekciji stavova kod mladih te pokazati jesu li isti primjenjivi u radu s mladima s problemima u ponašanju. U tu svrhu ispitali smo učestalost korištenja interneta i igranja igara na računalu te procijenili zainteresiranost za korištenje računalnih igara u edukativne i terapijske svrhe.

In the evolving landscape of online gaming in the Philippines, the "freemium" business model has gained dominance, particularly in free-to-play games. Despite its prevalence, only a few cases demonstrated significant improvement in converting players to paying customers. This underscores the need for game developers to understand user purchasing intentions, in the online gaming scene. MMORPGs, a widely favored genre in Philippine gaming communities, often feature virtual in-game characters. Recognizing this, this study delves into the complexities of character customization in mobile MMORPGs and its impact on the purchasing intentions of Filipino players. Using an explanatory-sequential research design, the study collected and analyzed 121 survey respondents using PLS-SEM and 4 online interviews using content analysis. Results showed that while the direct influence of character customization on purchasing intentions may seem minimal, a deeper analysis uncovers the crucial mediating role of effort expectancy which is the study's significant contribution to knowledge. The study highlights that the ease and accessibility of customization significantly influence players' purchasing intentions, in line with broader consumer behavior trends emphasizing usability and convenience. Although conclusive evidence of the mediating roles of performance expectancy and social influence remains elusive, their impact on character customization suggests a nuanced interplay of factors. Players perceive character customization not just as a transactional feature but as a vital aspect influencing engagement and satisfaction.

Collaboration is essential for individuals working in groups to achieve a common goal. The understanding of the collaborative profile of each member of a team is extremely useful to understand and predict his/her performance in future teamwork. Users can demonstrate their collaborative skills in many digital platforms. Among them, video games enable to capture the players" behavior by the direct observation of their actions, while engaging them in a pleasant activity. In this work, we propose an approach for building collaborative profiles of a group of people working together towards a common goal, using an online game as a shared environment and a well-known theory about groups" dynamics: SYMLOG. This profile can be useful to know which features each member should train to improve his/her collaborative skills and to predict the performance of the group. We validate our approach with 98 players to evaluate the similarity between the profiles generated with our approach and the profiles derived from the SYMLOG questionnaire, which is the usual tool used with this theory

Over the last few years playing social casino games has become a popular entertainment activity. Social casino games are offered via social media platforms and mobile apps and resemble gambling activities. However, social casino games are not classified as gambling as they can be played for free, outcomes may not be determined by chance, and players receive no monetary payouts. Social casino games appear to be somewhat similar to online gambling activities in terms of their visual and auditory features, but to date little research has investigated the cross over between these games. This study examines the auditory features of slot-themed social casino games and online slot machine games using a case study design. An example of each game type was played on three separate occasions during which, the auditory features (i.e., music, speech, sound effects, and the absence of sound) within the games were logged. The online slot-themed game was played in demo mode. This is the first study...

Özet Günümüzde sosyal medya ortamlarında hesabı olan bireylerin çoğu kişisel bilgilerini ve gündelik hayatlarında yaşadıkları her türlü olayı bu hesaplarda tanıdıkları veya tanımadıkları birçok insan ile paylaşmaktadır. Bu paylaşımların dikkatli yapılmadığı durumlarda veya paylaşım içeriklerinde toplumsal hayata "aykırı" kabul edilebilecek öğeler yer aldığında, paylaşımı yapan birey hiç beklemediği tepkiler ile karşılaşabilmektedir. Sosyal medya bireylerin gerçek kimliklerini kullanmak zorunda olmadıkları bir platformdur. Bu nedenle bireyler arası etkileşim sürecinde "anon" olarak nitelendirilen, kimliği tamamen gizli kişiye dönüşebilmek mümkündür. Kimlikten bağımsız bir şekilde başkaları ile iletişim kurma isteği çeşitli nedenlerde izah edilebilir. Kimliği gizlemek kötü amaçla yapılmamış da olabilir fakat siber zorbalık olarak ifade edilen, sanal ortamda kimliğin gizlenerek insanların çeşitli şekillerde taciz edilmesi de bu yolla mümkündür. Siber zorbalık, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri kullanılarak bir bireye ya da bir gruba teknik ya da ilişkisel tarzda zarar verme davranışıdır. Siber taciz ise aslı olan ya da olmayan bir konuda sosyal medya ağları üzerinden kişilerin taciz ve tehdit edilerek rahatsız edilmesi veya bundan bir çıkar elde etmeye çalışma davranışıdır. Bu çalışmanın ilk bölümünde öncelikle siber zorbalık ve siber taciz kavramları incelenecek, tacizlerden korunma yöntemleri irdelenerek önerilerde bulunulacak ve sosyal medya ortamlarında geçtiğimiz dönemde yaşanan siber zorbalık vakalarından ve bu konuda Avrupa'da ve Amerika'da açılan davalardan örnekler verilecektir.

This study explores the influence of user interface (UI) design and thematic elements in online slot machines on player behaviour and decision-making processes. By synthesizing empirical data and theoretical frameworks from gaming psychology, this research seeks to determine how these factors affect engagement, satisfaction, and long-term user retention. Additionally, the study examines the psychological underpinnings of why certain themes and UI elements drive emotional responses that impact player loyalty and behaviour. The findings suggest that the theme and UI not only shape immediate decisions but also contribute to patterns of prolonged gaming and higher levels of satisfaction, establishing a deeper connection between players and their chosen games.

Cet article vise à décrire et à analyser l'utilisation des jeux autonomes sur le site TV5monde.com dans un cours de compréhension orale proposé par le département des langues modernes à l'université du Yarmouk en Jordanie. Pour réaliser cet objectif, nous avons soumis un questionnaire aux étudiants ayant expérimenté ces jeux en classe du français langue étrangère (FLE) afin de répondre aux questions concernant l'utilisation des jeux dans l'apprentissage de la compréhension orale. Nous présenterons les apports didactiques de leur utilisation dans un dispositif hybride à cet apprentissage en FLE. Mots-clés: jeux autonomes, Français langue étrangère (FLE), compréhension orale, dispositif hybride, apprentissage. Using Online Games in a Hybrid Context for the Purpose of Developing the Oral Comprehension Learning in French as a Foreign Language ABSTRACT: This paper aims at describing and analyzing using online games on the website TV5monde.com in the oral comprehension lecture at the department of modern languages at Yarmouk University. In order to achieve this goal, we have distributed a questionnaire to students who have tried using these games in classes of French as a foreign language (FFL), where students had to answer questions related to using games in learning oral comprehension. In this article, we will present the didactical contributions of using these games in a hybrid context in this learning in FFL.

Online game is an increasingly popular source of entertainment for all ages, with relatively prevalent negative consequences. Addiction is a problem that has received much attention. This research aims to develop a measure of online game addiction for Indonesian children and adolescents. The Indonesian Online Game Addiction Questionnaire draws from earlier theories and research on the internet and game addiction. Its construction is further enriched by including findings from qualitative interviews and field observation to ensure appropriate expression of the items. The measure consists of 7 items with a 5-point Likert Scale. It is validated by testing 1,477 Indonesian junior and senior high school students from several schools in Manado, Medan, Pontianak, and Yogyakarta. The validation evidence is shown by item-total correlation and criterion validity. The Indonesian Online Game Addiction Questionnaire has good item-total correlation (ranging from 0.29 to 0.55) and acceptable reliability (a = 0.73). It is also moderately correlated with the participant's longest time record to play online games (r = 0.39; p,0.01), average days per week in playing online games (r = 0.43; p,0.01), average hours per days in playing online games (r = 0.41; p,0.01), and monthly expenditure for online games (r = 0.30; p,0.01). Furthermore, we created a clinical cutoff estimate by combining criteria and population norm. The clinical cutoff estimate showed that the score of 14 to 21 may indicate mild online game addiction, and the score of 22 and above may indicate online game addiction. Overall, the result shows that Indonesian Online Game Addiction Questionnaire has sufficient psychometric property for research use, as well as limited clinical application.

The excessive use of online games can disturb the psychological, physiological, and behavioral balance of adolescents. This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to online game addiction. On databases like Scopus (20 articles), ProQuest (113 articles), SAGE (214 articles), and Springer (596 articles), published within the last five years, a systematic review was carried out using the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study design (PICOS) framework. The articles that were chosen employed empirical quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods research on young people who were addicted to online games and were published between 2018 and 2023. The review's inclusion criteria were met by 25 papers. Factors can increase the risk of adolescents experiencing online game addiction, including adolescent factors consisting of, adolescent life satisfaction, and duration of smartphone use, parenting and communication, parental support, and parental income, friendship relationships and the school environment. These findings are expected to serve as the foundation for parents and teenagers to identify the cause of problems in order to reduce harmful consequences. Nurses are expected to be able to identify elements that contribute to adolescent online game addiction and devise interventions to assist adolescents in liberating themselves.

teknolojilerini de etkilemistir. Internet teknolojisinin medyaya eklemlenmesiyle beraber yeni bir kulturel yapi ile bireyler tanismistir. Dijital kultur olarak sekillenen bu kulturel ortamda iletisim de dijitallesmis ve hayatimizin her alanina etki etmeye baslamistir. Gundelik hayatta yapilacak her is artik internetle entegre olmaya baslamis ve bireyler tek bir tusla istediklerini yapabilir duruma gelmislerdir. Ayni zamanda, kisilerarasi iletisim de farkliliklar olmus ve geleneksel yapidan uzaklasarak, dijital iletisimin olanaklarindan cokca yararlanilmaya baslanmistir. Insanlar, yakin cevrelerini asip cok uzaktaki kisilerle iletisime gecmis ve dunya adeta bir iletisim cagina donusmustur. Gelismis ve gelismekte olan ulkelerde cocuklar, en cok bilgisayar basinda zaman gecirmekte ve bilgisayar en yakin arkadaslari olmaktadir. Dijital medya kullaniminda yaygin olarak katilimin gozlendigi en onemli mecralarin basinda sosyal paylasim siteleri gelmektedir. Bunun yani sira cocuklarin inter...

Permainan game online menjadi salah satu jenis permainan yang tidak memandang usia dan waktu. Semua orang punya kesempatan luas untuk memainkan permainan ini. Sejauh ini game online paling banyak dimainkan oleh pelajar laki-laki dalam rentang usia wajib belajar dan sisanya adalah masyarakat umum dari semua kalangan usia maupun profesi. Alasan para pelajar yang menyukai game online cukup beragam. Diantaranya adalah game online merupakan sarana hiburan bagi mereka setelah seharian harus berjibaku dengan buku-buku pelajaran. Selain itu ketertarikan terhadap teknologi juga menjadi alasan mereka memilih game online sebagai media bermain. Game online dimainkan oleh pelajar juga sebagai pengisi waktu luang, serta wadah berkumpul dengan teman-teman serta media untuk mendapatkan lebih banyak kenalan baru baik dari dunia maya melalui game online maupun dari warnet tempat bermain. Sebagai pelajar yang memiliki kewajiban utama untuk belajar untuk meraih prestasi akademik membuat banyak waktu bermain mereka tersita. Maka dari itu para pelajar mensiasati keterbatasan waktu tersebut dengan menyempatkan bermain usai jam sekolah dan pada akhir pekan. Memperoleh uang untuk bermain game online pelajar lakukan dengan menyisakan uang jajan mereka. Adapula yang sengaja mencari tambahan uang jajan, serta ada yang meminta jatah uang lagi dari orangtua. Game online yang dimainkan secara terus-menerus menimbulkan kesenangan yang selalu ingin diulang-ulang. Perilaku negatif dan positif mereka rasakan karena selalu bermain game online merupakan dampak dari konsumsi berlebihan. Dampak positif tersebut diantaranya adalah mereka mendapat kesenangan dan hiburan, mendapatkan banyak teman baru, mahir berbahasa inggris, kemampuan konsentrasi yang baik serta mengikuti perkembangan teknologi. Dampak negatifnya adalah mereka menjadi jarang/malas belajar, lupa waktu, boros dalam memanfaatkan uang jajan, suka berbicara kasar, agresif, pergaulan tidak terkontrol, mengganggu kesehatan fisik dan psikologis, serta membuat orangtua cemas.

Gamers play massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) for a variety of reasons. For example, some gamers play primarily as a form of socialization, whereas others play to gain a sense of achievement. Past studies have shown that these motives are associated with individual differences such as gender and number of years spent playing online games. What other individual differences might affect why people play MMORPGs? Personality is known to be associated with in-game behaviors, raising the possibility of link between personality and gaming motives. The present study examines the relationship between gamers' Big Five personality traits and their motivations for playing World of Warcraft. Results reveal several links between a player's personality and gaming motivations. For instance, individuals playing to socialize tend to be high on extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness, whereas individuals playing to gain a sense of achievement tend to be high on extraversion and neuroticism, but low on agreeableness and conscientiousness. Findings are discussed with respect to previous research on links between personality and motives in other MMORPGs and in terms of how and why the connections between personality and motives may differ across online and offline contexts.

"Introduction: Playing Video Games without control can lead to Gaming Disorder (GD) which is also called a problematic gaming pattern or video game addiction. This study is to determine the prevalence of video game disorders and the various associated factors leading to them.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was done among 930 medical students studying MBBS in a private medical college in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu. Data was collected by pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Gaming disorder was assessed by Internet Gaming Disorder Short Form – 9 (IGD-SF 9), depression by Patient Health Questionnaire – 9, and anxiety by Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 Questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26.
Results: Among the study participants, 37% were males, and 63% were females. The prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) was 9.7%. Greater than 2 hours of gaming per day, online game genre, having academic impact due to gaming, sleep problems, and neck pain/back pain due to gaming were found to be important predictors of gaming disorder.
Conclusion: Awareness has to be created among students and stakeholders regarding gaming disorders among medical college students. Further research should be done to understand the relationship between GD and psychological problems like depression and anxiety."

Online games are captivating and engage users across the world. Some game formats maintain a pseudo-currency to give incentive to the players to play the game in search of rewards as set by the game provider. We model a multi-stage online game and predict how much revenue game providers obtain per game. We compare the revenues generated from different tournament formats to find the one with the maximum per-game revenue for the provider. We have also found the limiting value of the revenue as the game provider increases the number of stages. Our methods are based on concepts of the transition matrix and its stationary form from Markov Chains. The method is scalable and can be used in complex tournament formats by adjusting the proportion of players making it to the next stage in accordance with the tournament format.

Games and simula tions have been used in th e field of edu cation fo r many years, particula rly in the a reas of business, training staff in financial and economic skills, co mbat training and war gaming. Intern etbased games are also commonly used in th e areas of educa tion, business and policy to provide a safe but realistic experience of the real world. This paper explores some of the rationale that a tea m of lecturers at the Lisbon School of A ccounting and Administration (ISCA L) think should underpin simula tion and game usage in an educational context, specifically in managemen t education. Our aim with this work is about promoting learning and knowledge building through one of the la test evolved socio-cultural artifact: onlin e simula tions and games.

In this paper, we examine how behavioral characteristics related to spatial mobility and movement in a multi-player game may differ between male and female players. The study formed part of a large international research project called VERUS. Data was gathered from 380 players in a specially-designed multi-level fantasy game. A machine learning approach was used to identify association rules to differentiate the respective gamer behaviors. Using appropriate threshold levels, the rules achieved a precision of 99% for males and 89% for females. We believe that this quantitative technique offers an innovative way to characterize the gender differences associated with how people interpret and experience their virtual settings.

Flipped learning has become a strategic approach for educators to implement a technologicalbased learning environment. In line with the Malaysia Education Blueprint, more and more educational institutions adopt flipped learning into their establishment in a vision to achieve students' maximum potential. With a focus on technology, flipped learning is often linked with strategic management, excellent performance as well as the positive impact on instructors and students' skill. The implementation of flipped learning is a way to introduce different teaching and learning ideas that can develop an active classroom. The concept is to have a balance between education and advanced technology. This paper aims to review the three research elements, which are the level of participants involved in this study, the instruments, and disciplines done by 19 researchers on the flipped learning approach. Findings show that most of the studies have significant results in the implementation of the flipped learning approach. Conclusively, flipped learning is a well-rounded approach where it can be applied in any level of education regardless of the discipline. However, longitudinal studies can be performed in order to see the long-term effects of the flipped learning approach.

Multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA), the most popular video game genre, has increased in terms of the number of users online. This increase in popularity depicts the in-game immersion in MOBA games, which determines Flow experience. Despite its popularity, there is a dearth of research on the cause of immersion of MOBA games. This study hypothesized that players acquired automatic thoughts, actions, and sensations about the game even when not playing, identified as Game Transfer Phenomena (GTP), causing Flow. Forty-five (45) college students were recruited to play MOBA games for 20 h in one week, referred to as immersive gaming in this study. Flow state scale and GTP scale were administered twice before and after immersive gaming. Pretest and posttest comparisons showed no difference in the Flow and GTP. On the other hand, the cross-lagged analysis shows that GTP causes Flow among MOBA gamers. Players with a high level of GTP experience more intensive levels of Flow. The implications of the development of Flow are discussed in the study.

Şiddet günümüzde çocukların dünyasına onların güvenli alanlarından biri aracılığıyla
girmiştir; oyun. Dijitalleşen dünyada oyunlar da dijitalleşmiş, bu durum avantajları
yanında olumsuz birçok sorunu da beraberinde getirmiştir. Dijital oyunların içerdiği
şiddet unsurları çocukları koruyucu hukukî yaptırımların veya önleyici tedbirlerin
vaz edilmesini gerektirmektedir. Çocuğun korunmasında ebeveyne düşen sorumluluk
da dikkat çekmektedir. Ancak bu durum ebeveynin konuya karşı bilinçli ve
eğitimli olmasını gerekli kılar. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda dijital oyunların içerdiği
şiddet öğeleri, bunların neden olduğu yakın ve uzak zamanlı zararlar, bu zararlara
karşı alınan hukukî önlem ve yaptırımlar doküman analizi yöntemiyle ortaya
konulmuştur. Konuyla ilgili bazı kanunlar ve yönetmelikler bulunsa da bunların
sorunu doğrudan ele almakta ve probleme çözüm üretmekte yetersiz kaldığı tespit
edilmiştir. Bu sebeple konuyla ilgili çalışmaların çocuğun korunmasında ebeveyn
sorumluluğunun altını çizdiği görülmüştür. Çocuğun korunmasının aynı zamanda
dinî bir sorumluluk olarak İslam literatüründe yer aldığı belirlenmiştir. Bu noktada
literatürdeki diğer kaynaklardan beslenerek oluşan İslam hukukundaki hidâne
hükümlerinin problem için yol gösterici olduğu fark edilmiştir. Sonuçta, literatürdeki
bu birikimin ebeveynlerin bilinçlenmesi ve eğitiminde kullanılması tavsiye edilmiştir.
Ayrıca dijital oyunlardaki şiddet içeriklerine karşı hukukî alanda doğrudan çocuğu
koruyucu tedbir ve yaptırımların hayata geçirilmesi teklif edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Dijital Oyun, Şiddet, Çocuk, Ebeveyn Hidâne.

The use of the internet has increased among adolescents in recent years. Although internet offers many opportunities such as socializing, obtaining information, it also has the potential to affect vulnerable individuals negatively. Recently the blue whale game, known as the blue whale challenge has attracted the attention of the public with numerous reports that young people from all over the world have harmed themselves due to the commands requested in the game. This and similar dangers should be recognized, and families should be warned and the necessary actions should be taken to protect children and adolescents in society. We describe a suicide case followed in the pediatric intensive care unit in order to raise awareness that computer games such as the blue whale game that adolescents can easily access via the internet can have fatal consequences

Purpose of Review The playing of videogames has become an everyday occurrence among many adolescents and emerging adults. However, gaming can be problematic and potentially addictive and problematic gamers can experience co-occurring behavioral or substance use-related problems. The aims of the present review were to (i) determine the co-occurrence of potentially addictive behaviors with problematic and disordered gaming, and (ii) elucidate the potential risk factors in the development and maintenance of co-occurrence within disordered gaming. Recent Findings The main findings demonstrated that there are few empirical studies (N = 20) examining (i) co-occurrence of gaming disorder with other addictive behaviors; (ii) longitudinal risk of disordered gaming with co-occurring addictive behaviors; and (iii) mechanisms of co-occurrence in disordered gaming with co-occurring potentially addictive behaviors. Results suggest that disordered gaming can co-occur with a variety of other addictive behaviors (e.g., alcohol use disorder or addictive use of social media), and that research into the co-occurrence of addictive behaviors and substance use is increasing. Summary Based on this systematic review, findings suggest that gamers engage in a number of potentially addictive behaviors and substance use which can have detrimental effects on health and wellbeing. While a majority of the reviewed studies consider prevalence rates from a range of geographical locations, there are fewer papers which investigate individual and environmental risk factors.

Massively multiplayer online role playing games (MMORPGs) have become extremely popular among network gamers. Despite their success, one of MMORPG's greatest challenges is the increasing use of game bots, that is, autoplaying game clients. The use of game bots is considered unsportsmanlike and is therefore forbidden. To keep games in order, game police, played by actual human players, often patrol game zones and question suspicious players. This practice, however, is labor-intensive and ineffective. To address this problem, we analyze the traffic generated by human players versus game bots and propose general solutions to identify game bots. Taking Ragnarok Online as our subject, we study the traffic generated by human players and game bots. We find that their traffic is distinguishable by 1) the regularity in the release time of client commands, 2) the trend and magnitude of traffic burstiness in multiple time scales, and 3) the sensitivity to different network conditions. Based on these findings, we propose four strategies and two ensemble schemes to identify bots. Finally, we discuss the robustness of the proposed methods against countermeasures of bot developers, and consider a number of possible ways to manage the increasingly serious bot problem.

Modern trends lead to innovative technologies in education, including the birth of digital and gamified learning or gamification. In English language classrooms, meaningful teaching and learning are significant to developing students’ English proficiency, focusing on linguistics and communicative competence. Various language activities and games are employed in lessons to instil anticipation for language learning. However, the concerns are how gamified learning is applied in English as a Second Language (ESL) lessons and the factors assisting students’ meaningful English learning. Therefore, this paper, based on the review of past literature, explores the application of gamification or gamified learning in ESL teaching and learning. Based on the review, the researchers highlighted that motivation, engagement, and competition in learning through a gamification approach could assist students’ meaningful ESL learning. It is found that gamification has its own motivation structure to ar...

Technology has become a necessity in everyone’s lives and in the education field, technology plays an assisting role, whereby the teaching and learning sessions are usually accompanied by technology. Despite using technology in education, the English as a Second Language (ESL) learners still portray a decline in their English language competency due to lack of vocabularies, which inhibit their proficiency in speaking and writing. Hence, it is important to identify the most suitable tool in teaching ESL vocabularies to learners, starting at a young age. In this 21st-century era, games are becoming popular, especially among teenagers, which resulted in the term gamified-learning. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to design, develop and evaluate the effectiveness of using PowerPoint games in improving ESL learners’ vocabularies. An empirical study involving 37 Malaysian lower secondary school students was carried out, whereby a pre-test and post-test were given prior and after three ...

As the world we live in has become more digitalized, challenges are occurring left and right, especially in the education field. In gaining quality teachers, there is a need to train future educators to have the ability to adapt to the ever-changing technology and global changes. However, pre-service teachers often seem unprepared and unable to adapt to changes. Hence, implementing service-learning in the teacher training program is vital as it provides the opportunity to engage and experience 21st-century real classroom lessons. Service-learning has also been proven to be an effective approach in training pre-service teachers. This paper aims to investigate the perceptions of pre-service teachers toward service-learning in terms of authentic learning experiences. It highlights how the implementation of service-learning approach in learning to teach writing in a second language context facilitates pre-service teachers in terms of authentic experience. A qualitative method was conduc...

Games has been extensively known to increase students' motivation and interest in learning English. However, its main findings and the trends in English teaching and learning for young learners are still unknown. To fill the gap, the aim of this study was to examine the application of games-based English learning for young learners. A literature analysis was conducted to several databases including Garuda, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Research Gate, Taylor and Francis, Eric, and Jour. System, and a total of 30 journals were analyzed through systematic review was used as the research methodology. The journals were analyzed utilizing a content analysis method and the data are presented in systematic diagrams and tables. The result of the study revealed that game-based English learning was very popular among Indonesian English young learners between the years 2011-2021. In 2020, the popularity of games based on English learning was very high. In addition, the most used research ...

Aims In multi-line slot machines, players can wager on more than one line per spin. We sought to show that players preferred multi-line over single-line games, and that certain game features could cause multi-line game play to feel more rewarding. Measurement and Participants Reward was measured using post-reinforcement pauses (PRPs) following each outcome (the time between outcome delivery and the next spin). Gamblers (n = 102) played 250 spins on a 20-line game and 250 spins on a one-line game (answering questions about game experiences following each session). Playing one-line, a small credit gain (e.g. 2 cents) was a net win. In the 20-line game it was a net loss of 18 credits but was still accompanied by 'winning' sights and sounds. Results Most players (94%) preferred the 20-line game. PRPs for small credit gains (net losses) in the 20-line game were equivalent, or larger than in the one-line game where such gains were wins. The largest increase in PRP size was between the 0 and 2 credit conditions for both games. Thus 20-line players reacted as though these net losses of 18 credits were rewarding. Players' estimates of the number of true wins were accurate in the one-line game, but they significantly overestimated the number of true wins in the 20-line game (P < 0.01). Problem gamblers felt more skilful (P < 0.01) and were more absorbed (P < 0.01) by multiline than single-line game play. Conclusions Multi-line games appear to be more appealing to gaming machine ('slots') players than single-line games. These games may be particularly absorbing for those with gambling problems.

Unfortunately there is an error in the percentages in paragraph 5 of the discussion section. The corrected paragraph is given below. In the sound-off condition, players on average estimated that they won 33 times when in reality they were only exposed to 28 wins (thus, on average they overestimate by 5 (i.e., 18 %) the number of times they won). Crucially, this propensity to overestimate these wins is exacerbated when sounds accompany the losses disguised as wins. In this sound-on condition, players estimated that they won on average 36 times (an overestimation of 8 (i.e., 29 %)).

Slot machines are a very popular form of gambling in which a small proportion of gamblers experience gambling-related problems. These players refer to a trance-like state that researchers have labelled ‘dark flow’—a pleasurable, but maladaptive state where players become completely occupied by the game. We assessed 110 gamblers for mindfulness (using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale), gambling problems (using the Problem Gambling Severity Index), depressive symptoms (using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale), and boredom proneness (using the Boredom Proneness Scale). Participants played both a multiline and single-line slot machine simulator and were occasionally interrupted with thought probes to assess whether they were thinking about the game or something else. After playing each game, we retrospectively assessed dark flow and affect during play. Our key results were that the number of “on-game” reports during the multiline game were significantly higher than the sing...

Losses disguised as wins (LDWs) are slot machine outcomes where players gain fewer credits than they wager. Despite being losses, slot machines celebrate LDWs with positive sounds and animations, leading gamblers to respond to them as wins. It is unknown how manipulating the sound following LDWs may influence gamblers’ behaviour. In Experiment 1, participants played two conditions on a realistic slot machine simulator: a (standard) positive sound condition (LDWs paired with positive sound, losses paired with silence), and a negative sound condition (LDWs and losses paired with negative sound). We measured participants’ behavioural responses [post-reinforcement pauses (PRPs)], win estimates, and subjective experience. In the negative sound condition, participants behaviourally responded to LDWs in a more loss-like and less win-like fashion, as measured by PRPs. Win estimates were reduced, and subjective experience was significantly impacted, but only when the negative sound condition...

Unfortunately there is an error in the percentages in paragraph 5 of the discussion section. The corrected paragraph is given below. In the sound-off condition, players on average estimated that they won 33 times when in reality they were only exposed to 28 wins (thus, on average they overestimate by 5 (i.e., 18 %) the number of times they won). Crucially, this propensity to overestimate these wins is exacerbated when sounds accompany the losses disguised as wins. In this sound-on condition, players estimated that they won on average 36 times (an overestimation of 8 (i.e., 29 %)).

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Slot machines are available in several countries, with multiline games growing in popularity. Interestingly, many audiovisually reinforced small 'wins' in multiline games are in fact monetary losses-outcomes referred to as losses disguised as wins (LDWs). Research suggests that LDWs cause players to overestimate how many times they remember actually winning during a playing session. The study sought to replicate this finding and see if a short educational animation about LDWs could significantly reduce this LDW-triggered win overestimation effect. It employed a mixed design, with animation viewed (LDW, control) as the between-subjects factor, and game played (200 spins on a few LDW or many LDW game; game order counterbalanced) as the within-subjects factor. Fifty-four novice participants estimated how many times they won more than they wagered in each game. In the control animation group, the study replicated the LDW-triggered win overestimation effect for participants playing the many LDW game. Crucially, win overestimates were significantly reduced in this many LDW game for players exposed to the LDW animation. The study concludes that LDWs can lead novice gamblers to remember winning more often than they actually do during a playing session, but educating participants about LDWs can reduce these erroneous win overestimates.

Virtual worlds give us the opportunity to explore another self, a virtual character of the real life you. Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games (MMORPGs) have become extremely popular over the last decade. It has also grown into a lucrative business. To keep the players, the game needs to be more than just a game. This study aimed at finding out what factors that determine which features of the character creation interface that are most important to players. The following research question was formed; "Which underlying factors affect how important different features of the character creation interface are to experienced MMORPG players? To be able to answer the question an extensive literature review was conducted. A qualitative approach was taken. Long interviews were made with five participants, two female and three male players. The interviews took place while they created a number of avatars in different MMORPGs. The interviews were then followed up. During the follow-ups, the impact the character creation process had for the players, were discussed. The findings indicate that the character creation interface is important for the players to get a good gaming experience. However different types of players require different things. Important features for the users to change were mainly; the head; the name; and adding parts of yourself on your character. The factors that determined the importance of these features were found to be; Player types; Identity types; Immersion levels; and whether or not the game or the gaming experience were new to the player. Another finding showed that the longer you have played a game the less bizarre the different races, classes and gender will seem. The study also indicated that the female participants had a hard time identifying with their male characters.

This chapter reviews and examines virtual meetings (VM). VM are meetings where participants are distributed across physical space or time yet seek/act as virtually colocated in a commonplace. Computer-mediated VM are the common form or mode of interest. Many millions of people regularly engage in such meetings worldwide, most often in small groups with others known to them. This chapter focuses attention on two different recurring forms of such meetings: VM conducted through online documents or artifacts that may be stored, accessed, or transacted via their associated systems and repositories and VM where participants employ computer-rendered avatars in immersive virtual worlds to denote their presence, identity, and ability to interact with other avatars through online media or experiences.

Every country is working on refining their latest technology to enables people to gain satisfaction in life. Playing games is considered one of the ways to socialize and meet around and create bonding. However, study in South Korea and China revealed that 24% of children in the respective country are diagnosed with heavy internet addiction especially in gaming. Hence, the current study attempted to determine the effect of virtual mobile and computer gaming on physical and health among undergraduate students at the University of Suwon (USW), South Korea. Through a quantitative survey among University of Suwon students, this study confirmed high level of daily routine activity, sleeping disorder, and anxiety. On the other hand, they also have moderate levels of depression and low level of social dysfunction. This study concluded that in general, the undergraduate students in Suwon University have moderate health level and the students are still facing the consequences of the effects of addiction due to heavy usage on mobile and computer gaming.

Advancements in technology have led to the emergence of various learning models and tools that can enhance the language teaching-learning process. Language practitioners are now able to leverage technology, including hardware and software, to increase student engagement in the language learning process. This study investigates the experiences of Moroccan English teachers with online games in EFL classrooms. The study surveyed 107 educators, 52.3% of whom were male and 47.7% of whom were female. The results indicate that online games motivate students to learn, improve classroom rapport, and promote 21st Century Skills. However, the findings report that online games create noise, disorder, and time loss. Furthermore, the study highlights that Kahoot is the most widely used online game among Moroccan English teachers. This research provides insights into the potential benefits and drawbacks of using online games in EFL classrooms. It also underscores the importance of considering context-specific factors that impact the use of online games by EFL teachers.

Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinde yaşanan gelişmeler; toplumları, onların yaşayışlarını, kültürlerini, iş modellerini, ticaretlerini, satış ve pazarlama stratejilerini, eğitimlerini, kişisel ve toplumsal gelişimlerini etkilemeye devam etmektedir. Her çağın hafızalarda kalmış önemli bir dönüm noktası olmuştur. Buharla çalışan makinelerin icadı, elektriğin icadı, matbaanın bulunması ve diğer birçok buluşlar, bugünkü teknolojik gelişmelerin önemli birer mihenk taşı olmuşlardır. Bulunduğumuz çağın şüphesiz en önemli olayı da bilgi ve iletişim kaynağı olan internettir.

The excessive use of online games can disturb the psychological, physiological, and behavioral balance of adolescents. This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to online game addiction. On databases like Scopus (20 articles), ProQuest (113 articles), SAGE (214 articles), and Springer (596 articles), published within the last five years, a systematic review was carried out using the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study design (PICOS) framework. The articles that were chosen employed empirical quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods research on young people who were addicted to online games and were published between 2018 and 2023. The review&#39;s inclusion criteria were met by 25 papers. Factors can increase the risk of adolescents experiencing online game addiction, including adolescent factors consisting of, adolescent life satisfaction, and duration of smartphone use, parenting and communication, parental support, and parental income, friendship r...

Marketers have been more attentive to advertisement in online games. Product placement via movies or news reports have been recognized; however, little is known about the placement in Thai online games. This study thus attempts to (1) report the profile of Thai online gamers, (2) explore their attitude toward in-game placement, and (3) analyze their awareness and product recall. Based on the 253 number of usable questionnaires, Thai online gamers are mainly young, male students, spending 2-9 hours a day playing the games. They perceived congruence between game content and in-game placement and did not object to have commercials in the games. Although 86% of the samples were aware of ingame placement, their product recall is fairly low. In addition to extending insight into online advertisement in the context of Thai gamers, marketers could arrange a more proper marketing plan based on these results

Losses disguised as wins (LDWs) appear to reinforce gambling persistence. However, little research has examined this phenomenon with real gamblers in natural gambling settings. We aimed to examine the relationship between within-session outcome size and subsequent gambling persistence. Account-based gambling data of individuals playing LDW games over a randomly selected day (2,035,339 bets made by 8636 individuals) was examined. We used a logistic mixed effects model to examine the relationship between the outcome of the previous bet (loss, LDW and real wins) and the odds of continuing betting in a game session. The odds of continuing betting in a game session were positively associated with the outcome of the previous bet. Compared to LDWs, losses lowered the odds of continuing a game session. In contrast, real wins implied greater odds of continuing a game session compared to LDWs. It is concluded that LDWs increase the likelihood of continuing betting compared to losses, but decrease the likelihood of continuing to gamble compared to real wins. As LDWs increase the number of bets made within a gambling session, and hence within-session gambling persistence, LDWs may potentially play an etiological role in the development of gambling problems over time.

Online game is an increasingly popular source of entertainment for all ages, with relatively prevalent negative consequences. Addiction is a problem that has received much attention. This research aims to develop a measure of online game addiction for Indonesian children and adolescents. The Indonesian Online Game Addiction Questionnaire draws from earlier theories and research on the internet and game addiction. Its construction is further enriched by including findings from qualitative interviews and field observation to ensure appropriate expression of the items. The measure consists of 7 items with a 5-point Likert Scale. It is validated by testing 1,477 Indonesian junior and senior high school students from several schools in Manado, Medan, Pontianak, and Yogyakarta. The validation evidence is shown by item-total correlation and criterion validity. The Indonesian Online Game Addiction Questionnaire has good item-total correlation (ranging from 0.29 to 0.55) and acceptable reliability (a = 0.73). It is also moderately correlated with the participant's longest time record to play online games (r = 0.39; p,0.01), average days per week in playing online games (r = 0.43; p,0.01), average hours per days in playing online games (r = 0.41; p,0.01), and monthly expenditure for online games (r = 0.30; p,0.01). Furthermore, we created a clinical cutoff estimate by combining criteria and population norm. The clinical cutoff estimate showed that the score of 14 to 21 may indicate mild online game addiction, and the score of 22 and above may indicate online game addiction. Overall, the result shows that Indonesian Online Game Addiction Questionnaire has sufficient psychometric property for research use, as well as limited clinical application.

Günümüzde iletişim teknolojilerinde yaşanan gelişmeler, bireyleri dijital medya içeriklerine yoğun biçimde maruz bırakırken, farkında olmadan sanal dünyanın tehditlerine de açık hale getirmektedir. Eğitim, eğlence, oyalanma, boş zamanları değerlendirme ve iletişim kurma amaçlı olarak özellikle çocuklar ve gençler tarafından çokça kullanılan dijital iletişim teknolojileri, bir takım tehditler barındırmaktadır. İnternet ortamında siber suç, siber zorbalık, trolleme, hackleme, gibi olumsuz eylemler giderek artarken, sağlığa zarar verici meydan okuma videoları ve dijital oyunların çocuklar ve gençler üzerindeki etkisi endişe verici bir düzeye ulaşmıştır. Özellikle dijital oyunlar çocuklarda bağımlılık yaratmasının dışında gerçeklik algılarını bozmakta, yaşamlarını tehlikeye sokacak davranışlara yönlendirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın konusunu çocuk ve genç yaştaki bireylerin kendi bedenlerine zarar vermelerine hatta intihar etmelerine neden olan “mavi balina” adlı çevrimiçi oyun oluşturmaktadı...