Historical network analysis

The short paper presents a hybrid structural-qualitative approach for historical network research in Byzantine Studies, the analysis of “constellations” or “configurations”. This approach is developed within the FWF-project "Entangled Charters of Anatolia (1200-1300, ENCHANT) at the Austrian Academy of Sciences.

Abstract

The Nigerian Police Force is currently plagued by two interrelated challenges: an alarming rise in crime rates and a significant decline in public confidence. Drawing on Robert Peel’s principle that effective policing is best measured by the absence of crime, this paper argues that the Nigerian police have failed in their core mandate. Citizens increasingly distrust the police, often preferring to negotiate directly with criminals, such as kidnappers, rather than report to law enforcement. This paper employs the historical method to explore the colonial origins of the Nigeria Police Force and how those foundations continue to shape its current structure and function. It finds that the centralized and militarized nature of the police, inherited from British colonial administration, has hindered effective community engagement and service delivery. The centralized command structure, inadequate personnel, and public perception of the police as tools of the elite further compound the crisis of legitimacy. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations, including the decentralization of the police system, improved training and welfare for officers, and a strategic rebranding campaign to rebuild public trust. It argues that only through structural reform and cultural reintegration can the Nigeria Police Force be repositioned to fulfill its constitutional responsibility of protecting lives and property.

This paper introduces HistText, a pioneering tool devised to facilitate large-scale data mining in historical documents, specifically targeting Chinese sources. Developed in response to the challenges posed by the large-scale Modern China Textual Database, HistText emerged as a solution to efficiently extract and visualize valuable insights from billions of words spread across millions of documents. With a user-friendly interface, advanced text analysis techniques, and powerful data visualization capabilities, HistText offers a robust platform for computational humanities research. This paper explores the rationale behind HistText, underscores its key features, and provides a comprehensive guide for its effective utilization, thus highlighting its potential to substantially enhance the realm of computational humanities.

This paper introduces HistText, a pioneering tool devised to facilitate large-scale data mining in historical documents, specifically targeting Chinese sources. Developed in response to the challenges posed by the large-scale Modern China Textual Database, HistText emerged as a solution to efficiently extract and visualize valuable insights from billions of words spread across millions of documents. With a user-friendly interface, advanced text analysis techniques, and powerful data visualization capabilities, HistText offers a robust platform for computational humanities research. This paper explores the rationale behind HistText, underscores its key features, and provides a comprehensive guide for its effective utilization, thus highlighting its potential to substantially enhance the realm of computational humanities.

These introductory texts were published as a part of the digital scholarly edition of glosses to the first book of the Etymologiae of Isidore of Seville between August 2021 and April 2025 at: https://db.innovatingknowledge.nl/edition/#rightnetwork. They are collected here and published separately in order to make them more accessible and enhance their digital preservation.

The evolution of Oscar Montelius A critical historiographical analysis on his academic legacy, and the influences that shaped his later research By Adam Andersson Andersson, A., 2025. The evolution of Oscar Montelius: A critical historiographical analysis on his academic legacy, and the influences that shaped his later research. Fornvännen 120. Stockholm. Through a critical historiographical analysis of Swedish archaeologist Oscar Montelius's evolving perspectives, this paper seeks to examine complex aspects of Montelius's research between 1910-1921 that has received little attention by scholars. Using a comparative approach that examines the similarities between Montelius later research and the German archaeologist Gustaf Kossinna, this paper reveals that towards the end of his life, Montelius started to increasingly adopt Kossinna's standpoints, resulting in Montelius moving away from his prior research. This alignment is shown through the examination of several papers written by Montelius during the stated period. Therefore, the aspiration of this analysis is to offer insights into the research that led to the discrediting of Kossinna's academic contributions, but which in comparison left Montelius's legacy mostly unblemished. Concurrently, this article delves into the substantial impact that Kossinna had on Montelius's scholarly endeavours, especially during the period between 1910 and 1921. Thus, the objective of this work is to improve our understanding of the complex legacy of Montelius and the influences that affected him whilst simultaneously highlighting parts of his research relating to nationalism, and racial biology that has not been given as much scrutiny.

Although historical network research has been part of historical research for decades, the rise of the internet has raised awareness of the digital and quantitative possibilities of network analysis. The data and methods supplied and applied in the essays collected in this special issue show that these promises are now starting to be fulfilled. However, current research still struggles to move beyond case studies into large-scale assessments. Burdensome datafication will allow us to link data and critically assess our archives in descriptive modes, but is also a condition for the application of more analytical tools and artificial intelligence.

One of the victims of nationalist historiography has been the intrinsically
transnational culture of learning that was so vibrant in the United Provinces that this country was deemed a focal point of the international world of scholarship and science already in the early modern period. The history of the Republic of Letters promises to offer a fruitful alternative to nation-based history, precisely because of its apparent transnationalism, the mobility of its citizens and the internationalism of the early modern book trade. But whereas there is consensus that the United Provinces were a major scene in the Republic of Letters, the extent to which this learned culture here was ‘international’ remains to be established. Speaking of ‘extent’ suggests that the question at stake is of a quantitative nature. Accordingly, in this article we will attempt to quantify the Dutch learned world’s ‘international’ orientation and practices by focusing on the geography of the epistolary communication. Before turning to our quantitative methodology and its results, we will first rehearse the state of affairs in the historiography of the Dutch province of the Republic of Letters.

Signs of the times point to ever closer relations between China and America in the development of trade, culture and other international activities. In the exploration of the great future, American university men are bound to play an increasingly significant role. H.H. Kung (Kong Xiangxi), Ministry of finance, Nanking (Nanjing) July 4th, 19361 Between the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries, a significant phenomenon unfolded as over 40,000 ambitious young Chinese men journeyed to the United States for educational pursuits. Upon completing their studies, these individuals returned to China, armed with newfound knowledge, to contribute to their nation's advancement or seek personal career growth. This expansive intellectual migration occurred during a critical juncture in the histories of both countries, profoundly shaping their mutual relations. China grappled with a tumultuous period marked by wars, revolutions, and its coerced entry into the international order through a system of "unequal" treaties, while the United States emerged as a leading industrial and economic power, experiencing accelerated global expansion following World War I. Simultaneously, the untimely termination of the first Chinese Educational Mission (CEM) in 1881 coincided with the advent of the Exclusion Era (1882-1943) in the United States, which severely restricted Chinese immigration on American soil. However, the Open Door Policy (1898) and subsequent remissions of the Boxer Indemnity (1908, 1924) injected renewed vigor into cultural and commercial exchanges between the two nations.2

Bei der Erforschung des deutschsprachigen Pressewesens im historischen Ungarn in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts stößt man bei fast jedem Organ auf den Namen Adolf Silberstein. Er bereicherte mehrere deutschsprachige Zeitungen der Hauptstadt mit zahlreichen qualitätsvollen Feuilletons, in erster Linie mit Bezug zur Literatur und zum Theater. Eine Darstellung seiner journalistischen Tätigkeit bzw. eine Bestandsaufnahme seiner Feuilletons ist allerdings bislang nicht erfolgt. Ersterem Desiderat soll nun durch die Durchsicht der zeitgenössischen Medien Abhilfe geschaffen werden.

The colonial origin of Crisis of Alienation in Policing in Nigeria is the focus of this study. There is no scholarly historical investigation on the colonial origin of Crisis of Alienation in policing in NIgeria. The historical methods of description and analysis were deployed. Findings indicates that Alienation in Policing started in 1861 when Consul Mc Caskey, a colonial administrator of Lagos recruited, trained and armed strangers and deployed them in Lagos and Yorubaland to serve as an army of occupation; the policy of strangers policing strangers dominated policing in Nigeria between 1861 and 1930. A policing system that will not estrange the officers is that which would allow policemen that are indigenes to an area to police the community. We recommend posting police personnel to their local government of origin; forming and empowering Alienation Monitoring Team and Police Welfare Units. In conclusion, good police-public relations, human-right based policing, good parenting, public sensitization program with the caption 'Police is your friend's, unauthorized posting/promotion program based on service records; and an end to extortion within the police force will eliminate the crisis of Alienation.

The Finnish archaeologist Aarne Michaël Tallgren is remembered for his article on archaeological theory, which he published in Finnish in 1934 and in French for the international readership in 1936. There he denied the possibility of making ethnic conclusions on the basis of archaeological material. However, Tallgren’s relationship to ethnic questions has never before been analysed as a whole. This article examines how Tallgren’s conception of ethnicity developed. He inherited the ethnic paradigm of archaeology from his teachers but was initially rather cautious in his conclusions. Up to 1920, Tallgren’s own approach to ethnic questions gradually consolidated. In contrast to the view prevailing today, it is shown that ethnic conclusions were a central part of his reasoning in the 1920s but only in relation to the question of the roots of the Finnish people. Criticism against the ethnic paradigm of archaeology was voiced both in Finland and elsewhere in Europe in the 1910s and 1920s, and in the early 1930s, Tallgren also began to doubt this approach. Becoming acquainted with the new Soviet archaeology in the late 1920s sparked Tallgren’s interest in archaeology as social history, and the political use of the ethnic view of prehistory first in Germany and soon thereafter in the Soviet Union probably eventually led him to deny any ethnic conclusions.

Bei seinem Aufenthalt in Wien im Mai 1887 lernte der philippinische Nationalheld José Rizal den österreichischen Schriftsteller und Zeitungsredakteur Johannes Nordmann kennen. Als Rizal bereits nach Genf weitergereist war, sandte ihm Nordmann ein von ihm verfasstes Buch mit dem Titel "Frühlingsnächte in Salamanca". Rizal hatte es sofort mit Interesse gelesen und Nordmann einen sechsseitigen Brief nach Wien gesandt. Dieser Brief wurde im September 2023 in der Wienbibliothek im Rathaus entdeckt. Im Brief vergleicht Rizal die von Nordmann gemachten schlechten Erfahrungen mit der österreichischen Polizei mit seinen eigenen schmerzvollen Erfahrungen in den Philippinen.

Dialog mit ChatGPT-4o auf der Basis der biographischen Regesten zu Dietrich Arndes, Bischof von Lübeck (Gramsch 2003, siehe Link: https://www.academia.edu/35860695/Dietrich_Arndes_von_Hamburg_Bischof_von_L%C3%BCbeck_gest_1506_), 16.11.2024.

Das hier wiedergegebene „Gespräch“ des Autors mit dem Chatbot von OpenAI, ChatGPT-4o, verdeutlicht die bemerkenswerten Fähigkeiten des generative pre-trained transformer (hiervon abgeleitet: GPT), komplexe, listenartige Dokumente mit vielen Abkürzungen angemessen zu „verstehen“ und deren Inhalte in einen durchgehenden Erzähltext zu transformieren. Mit dieser Eigenschaft erweist sich ChatGPT-4o geradezu der perfekte „Übersetzer“ und „Erklärer“ jener durchaus kryptischen prosopographischen Regesten zu spätmittelalterlichen Erfurter Juristen, die ich 2003 als CD-Rom-Anhang zu meiner Dissertation „Erfurter Juristen im Spätmittelalter“ im Brill-Verlag publiziert habe.
Die Schwächen dieser Präsentationsform waren mir damals durchaus bewusst – ich habe die stark formalisierten und abgekürzten Regesten (insgesamt ca. 2.700 Textseiten zu 710 Kurzbiographien) damals als „Halbfabrikat“ bezeichnet. Dennoch hatte ich die Schwierigkeiten, die die Leser mit diesen Regesten haben, seinerzeit noch stark unterschätzt, und ich bin dem Chatbot sehr dankbar, dass er nach gut 20 Jahren nunmehr einen vereinfachten Zugriff auf das Material eröffnet.
Wie folgender Text zeigt – die das „Gespräch“ leitenden Prompts sind mit abgedruckt – hat der Chatbot fast fehlerfrei die wichtigsten Inhalte dern biographischen Regesten erfasst bzw. ist auf Nachfrage in der Lage, bis fast auf jede beliebige Detailstufe des Materials herabzusteigen und dessen Inhalt fachhistorisch angemessen wiederzugeben. Die Bindung an ein vorgegebenes Dokument schließt „Halluzinationen“ des Chatbots weitgehend aus. Insgesamt sind nur sehr wenige Fehlinterpretationen zu bemerken, so dass der Chatbot hier durchaus an das Niveau einer gut eingearbeiteten historischen Fachkraft heranreicht.
Der hier publizierte Text beabsichtigt mithin zweierlei zu leisten:
1.) eine Demonstration der Fähigkeit von ChatGPT-4o, mit hochspezialisierten Fachtexten umzugehen, und
2.) eine lange überfällige, gut und allgemeinverständlich lesbare Erzählfassung meiner prosopographischen Regesten bereitzustellen, was später auf weitere Lebensläufe von „Erfurter Juristen“ ausgedehnt werden soll.

Magyar nyelvű esküvői beszédek és köszöntők a 16-18. századból * "Éppen ma derült fel az az öröm napja, / melyen öszveadá őket az Úr papja. Esküdtek egymásnak örökös hűséget, / s hogy nem fog szerelmek soha érni véget." 1 A korabeli házasságkötéshez kapcsolódó prédikációk száma nem sok, viszont a verses és prózai (főként latin, német nyelvű) köszöntők 2 gazdagon képviselik magukat a vizsgált időszakban. Mielőtt azonban e két szövegtípus vizsgálatához kezdenék, a kontextusba helyezés végett röviden kitérek a korabeli esküvői szertartás lépéseire. 3 A katolikusoknál a trienti zsinat 1563. november 11-ei dekrétuma szabta meg az érvényes házasság feltételeit: templomban, pap jelenlétében, két-három tanú előtt kell történnie. Emellett a dekrétum kimondta a házasság szentségi jellegét, egységét és felbonthatatlanságát. 4 A 16. századi házasságkötések menetére a szertartáskönyvekből következtethetünk. Oláh Miklós 1560-ban kiadott munkájában (Ordo et ritus) 5 egy 40 oldalas magyar nyelvű kéziratos betoldást találunk, amelyet valószínűleg az 1570-es években jegyzett be Mossóczy Zakariás váci püspök. A kézírásos szöveget 1895-ben Ráth György teljesen közölte. 6 E szertartásleírás szerint az eskü menete a következőképpen alakult:

Fear, anxiety and hopeless future are some major characteristics in most parts of the developing world. Perhaps the genesis is traced to poor public leadership. This gives rise to absence of rule of law. As a societal pillar, poor governance results in other negative effects such as unemployment, poverty, law enforcement corruption and police inadequacies. These factors are alleged to be most significant in triggering societal insecurity. It is in this context that the literature argued on the impact of these factors in causing human insecurity. The write up is a proposal paper of a PhD research being conducted in urban Kano, Nigeria. Although there are numerous issues related but these five are considered to be the most crucial. Hence, the findings are expected to indicate possible relationship with insecurity of urban Kano. The research is to be guided by Broken Windows theory (Wilson and Kelling, 1982). Meanwhile, innovative solutions may need to be initiated. An obligation that ...

From the mid-19th to the mid-20th century, over 200,000 young Chinese went to study abroad and subsequently returned to China to apply the knowledge they had acquired overseas in the service of their country. This workshop aims to revisit this foundational brain migration from a long-term, comparative perspective. In the light of novel sources and methodologies, the eight participants from Europe, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the United States, will reexamine its impact on modern China as well as the host countries.

There is a kind of consensus in the extant literature on democracy, democratization and democratic consolidation generally that maintenance of law and order is a sine qua non to the stability of any polity in all regions and climes. All societies require a body of men and women whose sole occupation is that of protecting them from the dangers of external invasion, internal subversion, or irredentist claims that may tear a society into shreds. It is important to note that right from independence in 1960, the Nigeria Police like several other colonial and post-colonial Police Force has been grossly enmeshed in corruption, thereby curbing its effectiveness vis-a-vis its constitutional and traditional roles. If there is any institution that Nigerians detest, the Police Force will rank highest because of the negative public perception of the force. The thrust of this paper therefore, is to inquire why corruption is so endemic in the police force and the effect of the malady on a nascent ...

This paper presents an overview of major trends in archaeological network research through a bibliometric analysis of the full corpus of publications on the topic between 1965 and 2016. It illustrates we can begin identifying the outlines of a new sub-discipline within archaeology with its distinct traditions, including a diversity of research approaches, dedicated events and preferred publication venues. This sub-discipline is at a similar stage of development as historical network research, and we argue that archaeologists and historians alike interested in establishing network research as a key tool for exploring social change will have a greater chance for success to the extent that we actively collaborate, pool resources, engage in common community activities and publications, and learn from each other's mistakes.

Coverage on https://www.medieval.eu/icebergs-in-the-black-sea-in-ad-763/ on the findings of the paper “Decadal-to-centennial increases of volcanic aerosols from Iceland challenge the concept of a Medieval Quiet Period”, Imogen Gabriel, Gill Plunkett, Peter Abbott, Melanie Behrens, Andrea Burke, Nathan Chellman, Eliza Cook, Dominik Fleitmann, Maria Hörhold, William Hutchison, Joseph McConnell, Bergrún Óladóttir, Johannes Preiser-Kapeller, Jakub Sliwinski, Patrick Sugden, Birthe Twarloh, and Michael Sigl, Nature Commun Earth Environ, 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01350-6

Keywords: early modern history; Principality of Transylvania; the army of the Principality; town defence; town mercenaries; military correspondence

The study intends to present the everyday life and the duties of the town mercenaries (in primary sources called darabont/Drabant/Trabant, Fussoldat and stipendarius) of Cluj, Sighișoara and Brașov from the early modern Transylvania. Their main duties were to guard the gate towers of the cities. Before the time of Giorgio Basta’s administration they were also
recruited in the armies of the Principality. The primary sources of the study are the accounting books of the towns, the accounts of
the commanders of the mercenaries, and the military correspondence of the magistrates of Sighișoara and Brașov dating from four different periods from the mid-16th and mid-17th
centuries.

Cuvinte-cheie: epoca premodernă; Principatul Transilvaniei; armata principatului; apărarea orașelor; drabanți; corespondență militară

Studiul prezintă viața și sarcinile mercenarilor orășeni (drabanți, darabani, Drabant/Trabant, Fussoldat, darabont, pixidarius, stipendarius, adică infanterist pușcaș sau mercenar) din Cluj, Sighișoara și Brașov. Principala lor sarcină a fost păstrarea ordinii în orașele transilvane în epoca premodernă, dar în timp de război au fost delegați și în armata principatului. Izvoarele nu ne dezvăluie însă valoarea lor reală pe câmpul de luptă. Sursele primare ale cercetării sunt pe de-o parte cărțile de socoteli, respectiv alte socoteli militare (întocmite de regulă de
către comandanții mercenarilor) ale celor trei orașe, pe de altă parte corespondența militară a magistraților din Brașov și Sighișoara. Documentele s-au păstrat din patru perioade diferite de la mijlocul secolului al XVI-lea până la mijlocul secolului al XVII-lea.

The aim of this article is to explore ways in which the agencies of the indigenous Nigerian social control mechanisms can be integrated into the community policing project in contemporary Nigeria It begins by discussing the ineffectiveness of community policing project based on the structures of the Nigerian police service a 'colonial legacy' in combating person and property crimes in Nigeria. The article describes the limitations of the Nigerian Police Organisation, the relevance of the indigenous agencies of social control in detecting and preventing the criminal acts of terrorism and kidnapping based on the notion that perpetrators of these acts most at times resides or hide in the locations where these criminals acts take place.The article concludes by reconverting that agencies of the indigenous social control systems be incorporated in the formal community policing project.Finally, apart from the formal collaboration between the police and agencies of the indigenous social control systems in the area of formulating crime prevention strategies, the police should bereorganised and be more responsive, civil and fair to members of the Nigerian citizenry.

The aim of this article is to explore ways in which the agencies of the indigenous Nigerian social controlmechanisms can be integrated into the community policing project in contemporary Nigeria It begins bydiscussing the ineffectiveness of community policing project based on the structures of the Nigerian policeservice a ‘colonial legacy’ in combating person and property crimes in Nigeria. The article describes thelimitations of the Nigerian Police Organisation, the relevance of the indigenous agencies of social control indetecting and preventing the criminal acts of terrorism and kidnapping based on the notion that perpetratorsof these acts most at times resides or hide in the locations where these criminals acts take place.The articleconcludes by reconverting that agencies of the indigenous social control systems be incorporated in theformal community policing project.Finally, apart from the formal collaboration between the police andagencies of the indigenous social control syst...

The foundation of policing in Nigeria today can be traced to colonial legacy. Colonial policies subjugated the existing traditional informal law enforcement order and forcefully imposed western idea of policing. Thus, policing within the context of oppression and gross misuse of power has been linked to western orientation. This imperial orientation is not only maintained and sustained by successive Nigerian administrations but also have serious implication for an effective policing in Nigeria. This paper identifies critical issues that are germane to policing in contemporary Nigeria. The paper further identifies some challenges that plague the police as an institution in the present democratic era. In spite of pervading problems and consequent challenges, the paper identities prospects in the sustenance of policing in the present democratic dispensation. To achieve this, the paper concludes with good governance in relation to police reform as strategies for an effective policing in...

The objective of this paper is to examine the role of leadership functions in personnel motivation in security organizations. To this end, the paper also identified some of the challenges and solutions to such challenges insecurity organizations with particular emphasis on the Nigeria Police. Hierarchy of needs theory and contingency management model were adopted in explaining the relevance of effective leadership function in increasing the motivation of personnel insecurity organizations. Using secondary data, the paper established that most of the challenges of the Nigeria Police, such as lack of professionalism and competency, corruption, ethnicity, and extrajudicial treatment of the civilians are attributable to ineffective leadership within the organization and the bad political leadership at the national level. The paper concluded that without effective leadership function, no security agency can function well in Nigeria. As the solutions to the challenges of ineffective leadership function in the Nigerian security organizations, the paper suggested that: rule of law should been forced on all Nigerians including the Police and other security personnel; management section of the security agencies should ensure proper checkmating between the different divisions; police corruption must be fought by frequently monitoring the activities of the organization; the reward package(salary) of the Nigerian Police and other security agencies should be reviewed, etc.

Security is ipso facto sine qua non to development and its sustainability without which the nation and its citizenry cannot realize their full potentialities. However, since 1960s when Nigeria got her political independence to date, there have been a plethora of security challenges that have confronted the country emanating from constant incidences of ethno-religious conflicts, politically motivated violence, kidnapping, armed robbery, terrorism and militant insurgencies among others. These vices have not only impaired National development, but has a matter of fact often threatened the very existence of the nation. One apparatus of the Nigerian state which has been charged with the responsibility of providing a congenial and a more secured environment for meaningful and sustainable development to exist is the Nigeria Police Force. In fact, a great number of scholars and commentators of police studies see the police as an integrative mechanism that is meant to prevent social dysfunctions and disequilibrium in the polity. Furthermore, as an agency of the state that is most proximate (both temporally and procedurally) to issues of crime and insecurity, it is important to critically chronicle and analyze the extent to which the organization have been able to carry out this onerous task. The paper goes further to discuss factors and challenges that confront the police in the performance of their functions. The paper argues in situ, that the failure of the Nigeria Police Force to attain the desired expectations of the citizenry is responsible for the emergence of informal and formal Para-security bodies across the country. Finally, the paper concludes by proffering steps in tackling the problem of insecurity for the country to experience a robust and virile transformation and development in an atmosphere of relative peace and tranquility.

At the moment of Italian political unification, the Mezzogiorno (i.e. Southern Italy) was affected by a deep institutional change and it entered the wave of financial market openness, attracting all forms of investments from international capital markets. Naples-after having lost its previous role as the Bourbon kingdom's capital city-enabled projects of large scale urban planning, beginning from basic public utilities. In this process, public and private lighting was chronologically the first area of interest-parallel to railway development planning-where international finance played a role. As an evidence of the dynamics which brought this peripheral European area into the orbit of the first globalization, this paper addresses the complex business of energy supply in Naples-between 1862 and the WW1-both from the point of view of its financial dynamics and the parallel evolution and organizational characteristics of the business actors involved. The Social Network Analysis (SNA) will support the reconstruction of the diversified and transnational businesses which the Neapolitan energy business was integrated in, at the same time giving evidence both to the bindings linking legally independent companies and the multiple relations between the actors involved. The transition from gas to electricity, during the time, marked the transition from weak to strong corporate ties according to the evolutionary trends of international financial markets.

Preface and Acknowledgments The History of Leo the Deacon presented here in annotated translation is one of the most important sources for the transitional years of the Macedonian dynasty. It covers the reigns of Nikephoros Phokas and John Tzimiskes, a period in which the future Macedonian emperors, Basil II and Constantine VIII, were in their minority, and the empire was ruled by highly successful military officers who had usurped the imperium. The appearance of this translation has been long delayed, and a few words of explanation are in order. In 1970-1971, Dr. Nicholas Panagiotakes spent a year as a fellow at Dumbarton Oaks working on a critical edition of the Greek text of Leo. For his doctoral dissertation at the University of Athens he had prepared the prolegomena to this edition, consisting of a biographical essay and a discussion of the manuscripts and previous editions. The dissertation was published in 1965 in the Έπετηρις της Εταιρείας Βυζαντινών Σπουδών, vol. 34, under the title Λέων ό Διάκονος, and also appeared as a separate volume (Athens, 1965). In the fall of 1970 Dr. Panagiotakes invited me to prepare an English translation to accompany his Greek text. When I agreed to do so, he sent me a photocopy of his handwritten new Greek text, complete with critical apparatus and fontes et paralleles. I finished a first draft that same academic year, most of which Panagiotakes was able to review before his return to Greece. Subsequently he discovered that de Gruyter, with which he had a contract to publish his text in the Series Berolinensis of the Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae, was unwilling to include an English translation, and he therefore released me to publish the translation on its own. Since my translation was, however, based on Panagiotakes' new edition, with different paragraphing from the Bonn edition of Hase, and with a number of different readings and punctuation, I decided to wait for Panagiotakes' Greek text to appear before publishing my translation. Alas, this never came to pass, since Panagiotakes' interests turned away from Byzantium in the 1970s, and he devoted the rest of his career to research on the post-Byzantine history and literature of his beloved homeland of Crete. After his untimely death in 1997, Prof. Athanasios Markopoulos undertook responsibility for completing Abbreviations AB Analecta Bollandiana Agath. Agathias, Historiarum libri quinque, ed. R. Keydell (Berlin, 1967) [references cited by page and line number] Ahrweiler, Mer H. Ahrweiler, Byzance et la mer (Paris, 1966) Ahrweiler, Structures H. Ahrweiler, Etudes sur les structures administratives et sociales de Byzance

This paper is an attempt to examine critical challenges facing private security companies (PSCs) in their daily aspiration towards meeting yearnings and aspirations of the company owners, the subscribers and general Society. The paper X-ray the origin of PSCs prior colonialism to present day Nigeria, it advances theoretical literature and conceptualization through Routine Activity Theory and Rational Choice Theory. The study employed questionnaires and in-depth interview to collect data for the studies. The data revealed high level of illiteracy among guards, poor equipments for fighting crime, poor salary/wages, sending of guards on errand while on duty, poor/lack of training and retraining on security tips, long working hours among some company's guards and lack of motivation among guards in all the companies. The paper advanced solutions to the problems so highlighted.

Network science offers a range of theoretical and methodological approaches for exploring relational data in a systematic and formal manner. For example, Social Network Analysis (SNA) is concerned with social structures and the ties that connect social entities. In such network models, actors (often called nodes) can for example be individuals, families, gods or cities, and the relationships (or edges) that link them can be based on friendship, kinship, co-attestation, shared material culture, etc. The models can even contain more than one node and edge type, which may or may not be assigned weights, directions, and other qualities. The possibilities are numerous, and this is part of the reason why network analysis has gained momentum in a range of fields.

The subfield of SNA originated in sociology and anthropology in the 1930s but has later evolved to encompass a range of conceptual and computational tools that are not field specific. Importantly, aspects of (S)NA have also been successfully utilised to study ancient material, and the variation in themes and methodologies explored in such studies testify to the applicability and relevance of network analysis for studying the past as well as the present.

With this paper, the author introduces the key concepts of formal network analysis, focusing on what it is, how it works and why we should care. In doing so, she explains the main principles of SNA with concrete examples from her own research and stresses the diverse ways in which archaeologists and ancient historians have already used network analysis to gain a better understanding of the ancient world.

Ukraine and Ukrainian history under fire. Historical perspectives in a trans-epochal and trans-regional approach. Historische Mitteilungen 33 (2022)

Russia's extremely brutal war of aggression against Ukraine is directed against all Ukrainians and everything Ukrainian, against Ukrainian history and its ideas of an independent belonging to Europe. This volume brings together perspectives from international scholars living in Germany, including Ukrainian historians who have fled, on Ukrainian history under the conditions of the Russian war of aggression. Staged as a re-enactment of the so-called "Great Patriotic War", Russia's war has the obviously national-Russian and neo-imperial goal of "de-Ukrainizing" Ukraine. This sharpens the focus on historical distinctions between Ukraine and Russia. The contributors work out these differences and Russia's extremely brutal war of aggression against Ukraine is directed against all Ukrainians and everything Ukrainian, against Ukrainian history and its ideas of an independent belonging to Europe. This volume brings together debates on (anti-/post-/ and de-) colonial perspectives and transnational and transregional approaches to Ukrainian history with the example of a Transottoman perspective.

https://www.steiner-verlag.de/en/Historische-Mitteilungen-33-2022/9783515135917

Contents:
https://media.dav-medien.de/toc/9783515135917_i.pdf?v2

Sample Chapter:
https://media.dav-medien.de/sample/9783515135917_p.pdf?v2

* Kathleen Lotze werkt momenteel aan de Universiteit Antwerpen aan haar doctoraatsproject Antwerpen Kinemastad over filmexploitatie en-receptie in Antwerpen van 1945-1995. Daarvoor was zij als onderzoeker betrokken bij het project De 'Verlichte' Stad over beeldcultuur en filmconsumptie in Vlaanderen (1895-2004). Eerder assisteerde zij bij diverse filmhistorische en mediagerelateerde onderzoeksprojecten aan

My study will focuses on the guestbook of the Wenckheim-castle of Szabadkígyós in Békés County registered between 1879 and 1912. This is a handwritten source, which contains the daily registry of guests, who visited the owners, Count Frigyes Wenckheim and his wife Countess Krisztina Wenckheim. A part of my research aims at extracting data from the guestbook, and in this paper, I will present the initial outcomes of my investigation. Aside from the exploration of the guestbook, the analysis of an extensive genealogical network consists of tens of thousands of social intersections is equally important to me. The demand for such investigation has already been articulated within the domestic social historian circles, since there has been several initiatives, research projects dealing with similar data collection. Since the manual discovery and analysis of such enormous amount of data is not effective anymore, or simply not even possible, time will come eventually when these tasks should be automatized for further investigations. My long-term goal is to set up the methodological and technical background for analyzing such extensive genealogical networks. The currently presented source – beyond its historical value – will provide an excellent opportunity to experiment with dynamically changing networks.

My study will focuses on the guestbook of the Wenckheim-castle of Szabadkígyós in Békés County registered between 1879 and 1912. This is a handwritten source, which contains the daily registry of guests, who visited the owners, Count Frigyes Wenckheim and his wife Countess Krisztina Wenckheim. A part of my research aims at extracting data from the guestbook, and in this paper, I will present the initial outcomes of my investigation. Aside from the exploration of the guestbook, the analysis of an extensive genealogical network consists of tens of thousands of social intersections is equally important to me. The demand for such investigation has already been articulated within the domestic social historian circles, since there has been several initiatives, research projects dealing with similar data collection. Since the manual discovery and analysis of such enormous amount of data is not effective anymore, or simply not even possible, time will come eventually when these tasks should be automatized for further investigations. My long-term goal is to set up the methodological and technical background for analyzing such extensive genealogical networks. The currently presented source – beyond its historical value – will provide an excellent opportunity to experiment with dynamically changing networks.