German (Translation Studies)

Selon la thèse de Platon qui attribue la création des mots à la conjonction des sons chacun des qui porte une signification, Marchand offre une liste contenant les phonesthèmes de l'anglais, expliquant quels sons attribuent prolongation, vivacité, etc. Entre autres scientifiques, des linguistes ont mené des recherches : Bloomfield, Jespersen, Sapir, Firth, Jakobson, Ultan, Magnus. Tous les travaux de ces chercheurs font partie du champ énorme de la Phonosémantique, toujours ouverte à plus de recherches. Etudiés d'un point de vue contrastif entre deux ou plusieurs langues, les résultants s'avèrent de loin plus intéressants. Le but de cet article consiste à offrir des aspects sur la répétitions des sons dans Les Rêveries du promeneur solitaire de Rousseau et la manière avec laquelle certains phénomènes sont transmis en grec. C'est un truisme de soutenir que les jeux avec les sons (explicites ou implicites) s'avèrent d'une importance majeure dans une oeuvre littéraire. Nous essaierons de démontrer comment ces phénomènes sont traités en langue source et langue cible. Nous nous appuyons sur des traductions attestées, visant à une analyse approfondie des choix linguistiques faits ainsi qu'à la manière de transmission des effets esthétiques de l'original en français. Le traducteur, que fait-il afin d'inculquer les effets stylistiques aux lecteurs grecs ? Y a-t-il des cas où il est impossible de produire les mêmes effets phonosémantiques en grec ? Si tel est le cas, que fait le traducteur, afin de compenser les éventuelles pertes ?

Many Nollywod movies have found their way into the Kiswahili film industry. To own the movies and make them easily absorbed into the local movie markets in Kiswahili-speaking communities, the movies usually require one of two translation strategies: voiceover /dubbing or subtitling. This study seeks to investigate the various translation strategies used in translating Nollywood movie titles into Kiswahili for the purposes of information repackaging. For this study, fifty (50) Nollywood movie titles translated into Kiswahili were analyzed through a purposive sampling method where each title was reviewed. The films collected from 2019-2021 were purposely sampled with dubbing or voiceovers as the central premise for their selection. The equivalence theory propounded by Nida (1964) was used to guide this study, positing that there is ordinarily no full equivalence between code units or two languages. To this end, titling as an art of translation is expected to render the messages of a source text with minimal variations. Juxtaposing the Nollywood movie titles to those of their Kiswahili equivalents, the research found that translation ellipses, translation transference-borrowing, codeswitching, literal translations, insertion and paraphrasing were the most commonly used strategies for the titles. This could be attributed to the variations between Kiswahili and English, as well as the fact that movie titling (as far as this study is concerned) does not have any strict rules regarding word limit. Furthermore, the new titles were found to be more straightforward and catchy and depict the storyline of the movie. It is also evident from the study that the translators lacked the requisite skills for effective translation. The study argues that the connection between translation strategies of Nollywood movie titles and their adaptation in Kiswahili is for the purposes of information repackaging.

The purpose of the present paper is to focus on the eleventh year of the Islamic calendar in order to achieve a new reading of the Ridda / Apostasy movement and to prove that the Quraysh caliph had meant by Islam to address most of the Arabs living in the Arabian Peninsula. Due to the prominence and representation of the elements of politics and power, this study looks through a discursive lens on the subject, and accordingly the Quraysh discourse is analyzed within the theoretical framework of Laclau and Mouffe. Together with the documented demonstration of the agency and determinative influence of politics in the field of religion, especially in the mentioned period, the reading obtained in the framework of this theory of Islamic history and in connection with the disputed issue of apostasy proves that subjects of the Quraysh Islamic discourse had been literally enslaved (taslīm), not Muslim (i.e. one who surrenders). What confirms this claim is the variable and volatile definition of the dominant discourse relating to Islam and being a Muslim.

Der vorliegende Aufsatz besteht aus einer Übersetzung aus dem Deutschen ins Italienische und einem Kommentar zur Übersetzung eines literarischen Textes. Das zugrundeliegende Thema des Aufsatzes ist die Übersetzung in ihrer praktischen und konkreten Konzeption, d.h.
der Prozess, durch den ein Text von der Ausgangssprache in der Zielsprache übertragen werden kann, mit besonderem Fokus auf die Übersetzung von literarischen Texten. Diese letztere weisen nämlich Merkmale und Besonderheiten auf, die bei der Übersetzung beachtet und berücksichtigt werden müssen, wie in den folgenden Kapiteln behandelt wird.

If one of my students had come to me with a proposal for this very same project, asking for my feedback, I would have looked at her and asked where she had been for all those class discussions on the complex nature of in-depth interviews. I would have told her that it is hard enough for one person ever to understand another, even if they are of the same gender, class, race, nationality, sexual orientation, and all the other categories that a good professor of sociology would alert her students to. Just how did she think she was going to be able to communicate with her interviewees, let alone pick up any nuances of speech, if they did not share a language? I would ask this student these questions and many more, trying to steer her project gently into the domain of the do-able. Fortunately, no one said these things to me, and I refused to say them to myself. I have taught a number of courses on qualitative methodology in a range of institutions, and could recite in my sleep the standard do's and don'ts of what constitutes sound methodology. Why then didn't I follow what would have been my own advice if I had allowed myself to ask me? The answer is simple. I didn't because had I done so I would not have been able to pursue this piece of research, which viscerally I knew I must do. Let me take you back a bit. In the spring of 1990 I was finishing writing a book on some work I had been doing in England during the previous five years. The project was an in-depth study of fifteen British men and women who had been politically active on the left for fifty years or longer. This project had

While 2017 marked the 10th anniversary of the death of Branimir Živo-
jinović, a great literary translator, 2020 marks the 90 th anniversary of his birth.
In his multi-decade long career of a translator, Branimir Živojinović tran-
slated into Serbian major works of poetry and fiction, mostly from German,
but also from French, English and Russian. Thanks to his translations, Serbian
readers could get acquainted with the literary works of Goethe, Hölderlin,
Novalis, Heine, Rilke, Trakl, Celan, Baudelaire, Shakespeare, Schiller, Kleist,
Kafka, Mann, Hesse and Freud. Mr. Živojinović received the Miloš N. Đurić
Award, the lifetime achievement award of the Association of Literary Translators of Serbia, and many other recognitions.
Besides his translations, Branimir Živojinović published four collections
of poems and for many years had taught courses in translation at the Department of Germanic studies at the Faculty of Philology in Belgrade.
To mark the 10th anniversary of the death of Branimir Živojinović and the
90th anniversary of his birth, a group of academics at the Faculty of Philology of the University of Belgrade and the Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad has curated this international thematic issue of research papers entitled "Translation as Being an Art Form or Skill". As suggested by the title, the publication is dedicated to the topics of translation and interpreting in a broad sense and the papers are dedicated to literary and technical translations as well as to translator education.

Interdisciplinarity is significant in the age of globalization and digitalization. It creates new opportunities through comparison and analysis of different findings and methods. Furthermore, it expands the boundaries of each discipline: each topic or phenomenon can be viewed under a whole new light. Instead of conventional or traditional methods, interdisciplinary cooperation can lead to innovative approaches that can contribute to the value of each discipline involved. It also requires respect and recognition between disciplines: their independent positions could be questioned or justified based on their interrelationship. Moreover, interdisciplinary work brings together diverse experts who cooperate and share their findings with each other. In this sense, interdisciplinarity can be seen as a dialogue between disciplines. In this complex interaction, a 'third' field may emerge that transcends the boundaries of each independent discipline.
Since relatively young Translation Studies has long been influenced by other disciplines, its boundaries could be defined through interdisciplinarity. In this book, numerous translation scholars engage with the relationship between translation and other disciplines. Translation here is not only to be understood as a transmission of texts, but in a broader sense, as denoting a transformation of different phenomena that could be studied both as a product and as a process.

Language as a complex and dynamic phenomenon is an important instrument for reflecting individual and social identity. The formation of languages under the influence of specific norms and rules, which depend on historical and cultural developments, goes beyond their mere use as a means of communication. Languages are used to formulate thoughts, express emotions, demonstrate behaviour and produce artistic texts as skills and actions. Languages are also used to exert pressure, direct thoughts and influence people. Especially since the 1970s, under the influence of women's rights and feminist approaches in the West, language has played a prominent role in the reflection on gender and identity in cultural, linguistic and literary studies. This influence has led to an increased awareness of how language shapes and perpetuates concepts of gender and identity. Against this backdrop, this thesis will analyse various dimensions of the linguistic construction of gender and identity and examine their impact on socio-cultural structures. Translation and Gender: Beyond Power and Boundaries is an anthology of studies that analyse in depth the connections between translation and gender, translation and women, and translation and feminist understanding. The publication offers the opportunity to discuss various topics and answer questions related to different approaches.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema „Faux amis im Deutschen und im Englischen“. Das Phänomen der faux amis, false friends oder der sog. „Falschen Freunde“ Das Problem der Falschen Freunde, der Täuschung aufgrund ähnlicher oder auch identischer Wörter bei unterschiedlichen Bedeutungen von Quell- und Zielsprache ist wahrscheinlich jedem bekennt, der sich jemals bemühte, eine fremde Sprache zu erlernen. Das deutsch-englische Sprachenpaar bietet zahlreiche Fallen und Fehlerquellen in die der Übersetzer und auch Lernende der Fremdsprache immer wieder hineintappen. Vielfach werden die sprachlichen Differenzen vom Übersetzer unterschätzt. Abstract : The present work deals with the topic "Faux amis in German and in English". The phenomenon of faux amis, false friends or the so-called "false friends" The problem of false friends, the deception due to similar or identical words with different meanings of the source and target language is probably confessed to everyone who has ever tried to find a strange one To learn language. The German-English language pair offers numerous pitfalls and sources of error in which translators and learners of the foreign language often fall into. In many cases, the translator underestimates the linguistic differences.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema „Faux amis im Deutschen und im Englischen“. Das Phänomen der faux amis, false friends oder der sog. „Falschen Freunde“ Das Problem der Falschen Freunde, der Täuschung aufgrund ähnlicher oder auch identischer Wörter bei unterschiedlichen Bedeutungen von Quell- und Zielsprache ist wahrscheinlich jedem bekennt, der sich jemals bemühte, eine fremde Sprache zu erlernen. Das deutsch-englische Sprachenpaar bietet zahlreiche Fallen und Fehlerquellen in die der Übersetzer und auch Lernende der Fremdsprache immer wieder hineintappen. Vielfach werden die sprachlichen Differenzen vom Übersetzer unterschätzt. Abstract : The present work deals with the topic "Faux amis in German and in English". The phenomenon of faux amis, false friends or the so-called "false friends" The problem of false friends, the deception due to similar or identical words with different meanings of the source and target language is probably confessed to everyone who has ever tried to find a strange one To learn language. The German-English language pair offers numerous pitfalls and sources of error in which translators and learners of the foreign language often fall into. In many cases, the translator underestimates the linguistic differences.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema "Faux amis im Deutschen und im Englischen". Das Phänomen der faux amis, false friends oder der sog. "Falschen Freunde" Das Problem der Falschen Freunde, der Täuschung aufgrund ähnlicher oder auch identischer Wörter bei unterschiedlichen Bedeutungen von Quell-und Zielsprache ist wahrscheinlich jedem bekennt, der sich jemals bemühte, eine fremde Sprache zu erlernen. Das deutsch-englische Sprachenpaar bietet zahlreiche Fallen und Fehlerquellen in die der Übersetzer und auch Lernende der Fremdsprache immer wieder hineintappen. Vielfach werden die sprachlichen Differenzen vom Übersetzer unterschätzt.

У статті висвітлено результати комплексного емпірико-теоретичного дослідження, мета якого полягала у вирізненні, описі й пошуку шляхів розв’язання проблеми компонентної послідовности на матеріялі перекладового замовлення та його множинних перекладів для висвітлення регулювального впливу на якість і забезпечення якости німецько-українського галузевого перекладу. Методологія дослідження ґрунтувалася на застосуванні низки теоретичних та емпіричних мето́д, зокрема сліпого перекладацького експерименту зі змінними виконавцями, порівняльно-перекладознавчого та зіставно-описового розслідів, індуктивно-дедуктивної методи, узагальнення, а також компонентного, дериваційного та зіставно-лексикографічного розслідів. Застосування комплексного методологічного справилля уможливило всебічне вивчення інваріянтних властивостей об’єкта на перекладовій площині та забезпечило достотність результатів дослідження, про що свідчить серед иншого публічний доступ до спробних матеріялів.
Глибинний підхід до розгляду внутрішньотекстової термінологічної неоднорідности, що суперечить вимогам чинних міжнародних стандартів щодо якости перекладу, спричинився до вирізнення понять компонентна послідовність відтворення/відтворювання та компонентна непослідовність відтворення/відтворювання похідних термінів. Встановлено, що повторювана стратегічна термінологічно-дискурсивна помилка на рівні тексту множинних перекладів є вислідом браку уваги перекладознавців до порушеної проблематики, оскільки некатегоризований критерій якости перекладу, особливо значущий на площині юридичного перекладу, зумовлює ухвалення несвідомих перекладацьких рішень, незалежно від досвіду та статусного становища виконавця перекладу.
Зіставний розслід німецько-українських галузевих лексикографічних джерел засвідчив їхні обмежені можливості щодо забезпечення компонентної послідовности, а тому вони можуть правити радше за знаряддя реалізації терміновибірної компетентности перекладача. Пропонований німецько-український глосарій термінополя Unterhalt із верифікованими відповідниками проілюстрував перспективу дотримання принципу компонентної послідовности під час відтворювання похідних німецьких термінів українською мовою, а тому вважаємо його практичним утіленням результатів дослідження та потенційним інструментом регулювання німецько-українського юридичного перекладу.

Ключові слова: перекладознавство, перекладове термінознавство, галузевий переклад, юридичний переклад, якість перекладу, сліпий перекладацький експеримент, термінологічна неоднорідність, терміновибірна компетентність.

La traduzione riporta un testo tratto dalla rivista tedesca di borsa Der Aktionär, dal titolo Neuer Angriff. Standard Lithium / A2DJQP. Si tratta di una Investmentempfehlung all’interno della rubrica Aktien, nella quale i giornalisti offrono al lettore diversi consigli pratici riguardanti alcuni tipi di investimenti su certe determinate azioni di stampo economico-finanziario.
Per quanto concerne l’aspetto informativo e contenutistico della Investmentempefehlung, il testo originale in tedesco definisce i progressi tecnologici che riguardano le azioni di estrazione del litio da parte di alcune multinazionali chimiche.
Per questa ragione, nel testo l’attenzione principale viene riservata proprio ad alcune unioni di imprese chimiche, che concorrono fra loro per il dominio sulle azioni del litio negli Stati Uniti. In questo caso, le società che vengono menzionate sono il gruppo tedesco Lanxess, l’industria Koch e in particolar modo, la società canadese Standard Lithium, su cui l’articolo si focalizzerà più nel dettaglio. (...)

The new translation of Franz Kafka's "Das Schloss" by Joan Ferrarons renders in Catalan, for the first time, the manuscript version of the novel, which ignores Max Brod's textual interventions. The aim of this translation is to faithfully reproduce the different registers of the original and the peculiar prosody of Kafka's prose.

This paper examines the German translation of two novels by the Cameroonian author Ferdinand Oyono and goes against the normative approach adopted by so many critics of translations of African literary texts. It argues that if the German translation of Ferdinand Oyono is bad in the Bermanian conception, it is mainly because it is a good translation of an original text which means to be read as translation. Hence it is neither good, nor bad.

One of the most important events in the history of India, the partition of Hindustan in 1947 witnessed a nationalistic fervour that defied comprehensibility. People were suddenly consumed by ideas of national honour, national pride and national solidarity. And all of these were based on the “othering” of India by Pakistan, and vice versa. This paper seeks to study the very thin line that demarcates the idea of nationalism from madness. It will look into the schizophrenic identity absorbed and adorned by people during partition, and how each one behaves under the effect of VOL.5 / NO.1/SPRING 2015 301 | P a g e jingoistic pleasure. The metaphor of “Madness” in conjunction with Nationalism needs to be explored. The paper, therefore, seeks to highlight not only skewed nationalism but also attempts to unfold the performativity of madness that Saadat Hasan Manto so cleverly and effectively makes use of in the three stories “Toba Tek Singh”, “Thanda Ghost” and “Khol Do”. Madness, in the e...

One of the most important events in the history of India, the partition of Hindustan in 1947 witnessed a nationalistic fervour that defied comprehensibility. People were suddenly consumed by ideas of national honour, national pride and national solidarity. And all of these were based on the "othering" of India by Pakistan, and vice versa. This paper seeks to study the very thin line that demarcates the idea of nationalism from madness. It will look into the schizophrenic identity absorbed and adorned by people during partition, and how each one behaves under the effect of

Alla luce delle numerose teorie sulla traduzione e sull'autotraduzione, e secondo considerazioni formali, pragmatiche o cronologiche, risulta evidente l'importanza del tradurre per offrire al testo di partenza durata e sopravvivenza geografico-culturale che altrimenti non avrebbe. Minimum Considerations on Translation and Self-Translation In light of the numerous theories on translation and self-translation, and according to formal, pragmatic or chronological considerations, the importance of translating is undeniable and instrumental in providing the source text duration and geographical and cultural survival.

La traduction automatique neuronale et son adaptation à des domaines spécifiques par le biais de corpus spécialisés ont permis à cette technologie d'intégrer bien plus largement qu'auparavant le métier et la formation des traducteur•trice•s. Si le paradigme neuronal (et le deep learning de manière générale) a ainsi pu investir des domaines parfois insoupçonnés, y compris certains où la créativité est de mise, celui-ci est moins marqué par un gain phénoménal de performance que par une utilisation massive auprès du public et les débats qu'il génère, nombre d'entre eux invoquant couramment le cas littéraire pour (in)valider telle ou telle observation. Pour apprécier la pertinence de cette technologie, et ce faisant surmonter les discours souvent passionnés des opposant•e•s et partisan•e•s de la traduction automatique, il est toutefois nécessaire de mettre l'outil à l'épreuve, afin de fournir un exemple concret de ce que pourrait produire un système entraîné spécifiquement pour la traduction d'oeuvres littéraires. Inscrit dans un projet de recherche plus vaste visant à évaluer l'aide que peuvent fournir les outils informatiques aux traducteurs et traductrices littéraires, cet article propose par conséquent une expérience de traduction automatique de la prose qui n'a plus été tentée pour le français depuis les systèmes probabilistes et qui rejoint un nombre croissant d'études sur le sujet pour d'autres paires de langues. Nous verrons que si les résultats sont encourageants, ceux-ci laissent présager une tout autre manière d'envisager la traduction automatique, plus proche de la traduction humaine assistée par ordinateur que de la post-édition pure, et que l'exemple des oeuvres de littérature soulève en outre des réflexions utiles pour la traduction dans son ensemble. Mots-clefs traduction littéraire automatique ; traduction littéraire assistée par ordinateur ; traduction automatique neuronale ; adaptation au domaine ; fantasy ; littérature de jeunesse ; figures du traducteur

a été de montrer combien la traduction participe et renforce les rapports de forceinégauxentre différentes langues et cultures. Heilbron et Sapiro (1999 ; 2007a ; 2007b) et Casanova (1999) ont ainsi mis en évidence le fait que les transferts culturels par les traductions se feraient avant tout dans la direction allant des littératures centrales vers les littératures périphériques. Les analyses proposées dans le cadre de la sociologie de la traduction partent en effet presque toujours de l'hypothèse de la relation biunivoque entre langues, littératures et pays. Sauf quelques exceptions, les langues transnationales des pays multiculturels et les littératures postcoloniales ne sont généralement pas reprises dans les cas de figure proposés et analysés. Même si elle est écrite dans une langue centrale, la littérature francophone maghrébine est à ce jour toujours largement considérée comme périphérique. C'est une littérature périphérique dans son milieu culturel d'origine, c'est-à-dire au Maghreb, car la langue d'écriture est « étrangère », ce qui fait que la littérature maghrébine de langue française est aussi « étrangère », sinon « aliénée ». Qu'elle soit francophone ou arabophone, la littérature maghrébine est également

Schmidt employed chronicles to investigate political identity of imperial city burgher s He concluded lhat the burghers of an imperial city were conscious tha t th eir city, with its freedom. was the sea t of the Holy Roman Empire l.) By th e study of ci ty patron saints. city seals, and city voclut c\ an important role of a Cathedral or of significant Churchrs wilhin a city wall s in representing collective urban identity has hr r.n r ecognized This paper is interested in such a role of the~ Cl1urch However, I "Burgerliches Selbstverstci 11dnis um! sli.idt 1schc Ueschichlssd m1ili11ng ini deutschen Spalmittclal r ." in l'eter Johanek(ed .).

News is a speech genre of publicistic style, which is currently interpreted as a special genre of mass media, or a genre
of modern information media (online). According to the typological classification of speech genres, news appears as a written / oral, official and public genre. News texts are fully implemented in relation to the main functions of the language –
communicative, and one of the dominant functions of mass communication – informative.
The genre of “News” in its communicative, genre and stylistic characteristics tends to publicistic style and is a genre
of this style, while reflecting the tendency of modern media sphere to integrate with other genres and styles. The author
of the media texts “Science News” is a journalist, and the addressee is an indefinite mass audience that is interested
in scientific topics. The communicative goals of science news are defined as informative and evaluative. The content
and structure (composition) of science news necessarily has three components: headline, lead and body text. Contextual
and interpretative method of linguistic features of science news analysis has showed the presence of elements of scientific
and publicistic styles. The linguistic means of the scientific style predominate, but according to the communicative parameters, the news of science shows an attraction to the publicistic style.
Markers of scientific style include the use of terminology, words in the direct nominative sense, words of logical emphasis and words indicating the objectivity and authenticity of the message, as well as the predominance of nominative
language, the use of passive constructions, the use of first person plural pronoun, complex sentences, explanations with
the help of participial, gerundial and infinitive constructions.
Features of publicistic style are the following: the presence of toponyms, the active use of numerals and indications
of dates, the use of international words, and publicistic clichés

Romanche et traduction: un état des lieux Mémoire présenté à l'École de traduction et d'interprétation pour l'obtention du Master en traduction, mention traduction spécialisée Directeur de mémoire: Madame Valérie Dullion Jurés: Prof. François Grin, Prof. Clau Solèr (Faculté des lettres) Université de Genève juin 2010 Abréviations ANR Agentura da novitads rumantscha [agence de presse romanche], Coire ATF Arrêts du Tribunal fédéral BPA Bureau de prévention des accidents, Berne CC Code civil suisse CO Code des obligations CP Code pénal suisse CPO Centre des publications officielles Cst. Constitution fédérale (aCst.: ancienne constitution fédérale) 1.1.1.2 L'intégration à l'empire romain Réorganisant la région conquise, Rome fonda la province de Rhétie, une entité politique dont le nom de l'actuelle capitale grisonne, Coire, a conservé la trace 9. Les habitants de cette province furent fortement romanisés au cours des 400 ans qui suivirent 10 : les vaincus furent en effet obligés d'adopter petit à petit la langue du nouveau maître; la structure de la société fut profondément modifiée, latinisée, notamment à travers le recrutement de jeunes Rhètes par l'armée romaine 11. Sous les empereurs Dioclétien et Constantin, la province de Rhétie fut détachée de l'Empire, puis scindée en deux: Curia Raetorum resta chef-lieu de la Raetia Prima, tandis qu'Augusta Vindelicorum, l'actuelle Augsburg, devint capitale de la Raetia secunda 12. Au fil des générations, la langue rhète des autochtones se mélangea au latin parlé par les marchands, les fonctionnaires et les soldats de l'empire, jusqu'à l'apparition d'une variante rhétique du latin vulgaire, qui devint, au cours des siècles, ce que l'on appela par la suite le romanche 13. Le territoire rhéto-roman allait, lors de son extension maximale, de l'Allemagne du sud (Danube supérieur) jusqu'à l'Adriatique 14. Cependant, l'apparition de la langue romanche, fruit d'une lente évolution, coïncida précisément avec l'effondrement de l'Empire romain (ce qui l'a d'ailleurs immédiatement exposée à de premières menaces) 15. Issu du latin, le 9 Chur (nom allemand de Coire) vient du latin Curia Raetorum, l'ancienne capitale de la Rhétie romaine.

One of the most difficult tasks that translators deal with when dubbing or subtitling an audiovisual product is translating offensive terms or expressions such as taboos. Translators must handle the translation of taboos with care, as their equivalents may be contrary to the religion and cultural norms of the target country. To that end, some strategies should be employed by translators to choose appropriate equivalents based on the cultural and religious norms of the target language. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the strategies employed in subtitling and dubbing English taboos in seven episodes of one American television series using Davoodi's (2009) model. This was corpus-based research that has a qualitative-quantitative method with a comparative approach. To conduct the study, the American English drama crime TV series The Big Little Lies (2019) season two was chosen as the study corpus. 174 taboos, specifically Sh*t and F*k word, were found based on Sharifi and Darchinian's (2009) model in the above-mentioned TV series. Descriptive statistics have been run to examine the frequencies and percentages of implemented translation strategies in subtitling and dubbing the taboos. The results revealed that "Substitution", and "Censorship" were the commonly most frequently used strategies in Persian subtitled and dubbed versions of taboos. Moreover, the findings of the Chi-square test indicated that no significant difference was identified between the strategies of Iranian translators in subtitling and dubbing taboos. The findings of this research can be useful for subtitlers, dubbers, and translation students in Iran who specialize in translating English TV series.

The present study investigates the realization of Catford's translation shifts in translated English vocabulary-learning books by determining their frequency of occurrence. For this purpose, seven popular vocabulary books were selected, and 210 ST-TT pairs were chosen and analyzed according to Catford's Taxonomy of translation shifts. The obtained data revealed that the Structural Shift is the most frequent translation shift and the Level Shift is the least common type of Catford's shift in the selected translations. The study indicates that only 11.90 % of the selected translations had undergone Class Shift; that means English and Persian can offer equivalents of the same part of speech. Unit Shift occurred in 43.33% of the translated sentences, most probably because translations of English vocabularylearning books tend to be explanatory and transparent. 69.52% of the shifts were mainly Intra-System Shifts because the translators tried to avoid foreign structures that sound weird to Persian speakers. It is noteworthy that the previously conducted studies generally focused on text-types such as psychology and literature. This study contributes to the translation field by shedding light on a different text-type and context using Catford's translation shifts.

This research article analyzes the translations of students majoring in German, Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Mai University when confronting colon, semicolon, and dash – punctuation marks functioning in a semantically coordinating manner – in a non-literary context of newspaper article in order to point out the functional importance of the aforementioned punctuation marks, aiming to inspire for more demand for emphasis on the orthographic topic in the field of teaching German as a foreign language. With the analysis of the collected data which are featured with translation exercises, the outcomes of the research show as following: First, it is almost imperative to substitute the punctuation marks in the source text with coordinating conjunctions and phrases in the Thai translation. Without them, the flow of meaning in the sentences is broken; Second, apart from substituting with functional equivalences, attempts to translate the punctuation marks into other functionally inequivalent conjunctions and phrases can be interpreted as the needs for connecting two sentences in Thai translations, which originally in German jointed by the punctuation marks; Third, there are also the examples avoiding to translate the punctuation marks but showing somewhat the connection between the sentences with the strategy of melting two sentences into one or borrowing the conjunction present in the post-punctuation-mark sentence. These three cases of the outcome define the potentials of learning the punctuation marks to enhance the productive and receptive competence of German learners as well as their importance in the practice of teaching German as a foreign language.

Національний університет «Львівська політехніка» СТРУКТУРНІ ТА СЕМАНТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТОМАТОЛОГІЧНИХ ТЕРМІНІВ Анотація. Магістерську роботу «Структурні та семантичні особливості стоматологічних термінів» присвячено аналізу структурно-семантичним ознакам українських, англійських та французьких термінів в інструкціях до медичних препаратів. Мета дослідження-проаналізувати та виокремити істотні характеристики термінів медицини; проаналізувати терміни в стоматологічній термінології України, США та Франції, визначити словотвірну структуру таких термінологічних утворень, з'ясувати особливості їхнього функціонування; визначити словотвірну структуру таких термінологічних утворень, з'ясувати особливості їхнього функціонування; з'ясувати місце термінів в фармацевтичній терміносистемі, вивчити їхню структуру й походження; систематизувати теоретичний матеріал стоматологічних термінів. Ключові слова: термін, стоматологічна термінологія, термінологічна система, структура терміна, медична лексика, терміни-словосполучення, фахове мовлення, термінологічна одиниця, інструкція до медичного препарату.

Maggio-Agosto 1996 ') Esemplare ea questo proposito il pluricitato articolo diJiri Levy (1967). 2) Per una rassegna delle teorie romantiche sulla traduzione letterana si vedano Ape! (1983) e Ner gaard (1993). 248 249 ALESSANDRO VESCOVI siderano come termine medio il rappono del lettore con il testo, 0, meglio, la rispo sta dellettore al testo. Il modo di tradurre riassunto da Dryden nelle parole «I have endeavoured to make Vergil speak such English as he would himself have spoken if he had been born in England, and in this present age» 3 cessa nel XX secolo di essere un esperimento letterario assumendo Con Nida, teorico della traduzione biblica, il ruolo di istanza sociale: il pubblico della traduzione deve avere la stessa facilita di accesso al testo originale di cui gode illettore che ha per madrelingua l'originale. Nida (1969) Sostiene dunque che compito del traduttore sarebbe ridurre al minimo, se non annullare, non solo Ie differenze linguistiche, ma anche tutti quei riferimenti culturali non familiari allettore della lingua d'arrivo. Lo studioso americano basa la propria teoria della «traduzione dinamica» sull'idea chomskyana che esista una for ma logica universale soggiacente alia sintassi di tutte Ie lingue, tale per cui ciascun parlante si crea la medesima rappresentazione mentale di uno stesso fatto che pero poi traduce nella propria lingua secondo Ie consuetudini di questa. Il traduttore do vrebbe lasciare che il testo di panenza crei una rappresentazione semamica extralin guistica per poi esprimerla nei termini propri della lingua d'arrivo 4. Nida (1991) considera 10 spostamento del fuoco dell'analisi della traduzione dal testo allettore una delle intuizioni di maggior rilievo per la teoria della traduzio ne nel nostro secolo; I'interesse per la traduzione dinamica si spinge fino al PUnto di consigliare l'uso, nella stessa lingua, di diverse versioni della Bibbia, a seconda del pubblico cui sono destinate (Nida-Taber, 1969: p. 31). L'impianto teorico di Nida equi citato, sebbene l'autore non si occupi di let teratura, in quanto miglior formulazione, in sede teorica, di una prassi estremamente diffusa tra i traduttori di narrativa 5; si osservi, per esempio, la traduzione del seguen te brano: At this Mr Burns was plunged into despair. For indeed, to beat up to Hong-Kong against a fierce Monsoon, with the ship not sufficiently ballasted, and with her supply of water not completed, was an insane project. 6 Questa notizia costerno Burns. Infatti metter la vela su Hongkong, COntro un violento monsone, senza un buon carico nella stiva, senza una scona d'ac qua sufficiente era un progetto folle. 7

Mevcut kitap ile birlikte on seneyi aşkın bir süre önce ortaya atılmış bir modele daha fazla dikkat çekilebilmesi ve modelin uygulanmasına yönelik olumlu ya da olumsuz eleştirilerin oluşabilmesinin sağlanması arzu edilmektedir. Kitabın başlangıcında tez çalışmasında yer alan ön sözün bir kısmına yer verilmesinin ve eldeki kitap için ayrı bir ön söz yazılmasının isabetli olacağı düşünülmüştür. Bunların dışında tespit edilen bazı imla veya noktalama hataları giderilmiş ve cümle düşüklükleri düzeltilmiştir. Yine bazı ifadelerde kısaltmalara, alıntılarda azaltmalara başvurularak eşdeğerliğe ilişkin Türkçe kompakt bir başvuru kitabı ortaya çıkarılması hedeflenmiştir. Titizlikle girişilen çabaya rağmen gözden kaçmış olabilecek kusurlar için okuyucunun hoşgörüsü rica edilmektedir.
Kitabın kuramsal kısımlarından uygulama kısmına kadar olan yerlerinde aktarılan bilgiler tartışmalı bir inceleme yürütülerek verilmiştir. Bu yöntemdeki amaç, eşdeğerlik hususunun öz ve bütün bir biçimde anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmaktır. Çalışmanın çeviri ve Çeviribilim camiasına, Mütercim ve Tercümanlık Bölümü öğrencilerine faydalı olmasını umuyoruz.

The rapid evolution of the Internet and the resulting globalisation have given rise to a new discipline: web content localisation. The increasing expansion of companies into foreign markets and the ease with which users can purchase products from distant companies has made this new field grow exponentially. While English was initially the language of the Internet, thanks to localisation, this phenomenon has changed direction.
In this paper, the theoretical foundations on which this new interdisciplinary science is based are set out and the results of a fictitious, but potentially real, web localisation project are illustrated and analysed. The project in question concerns the localisation of the website of HeimWerk, a German restaurant planning to open a location in Rome.
What is the most suitable localisation strategy? What are the steps involved in this process? What aspects need to be considered when adapting the product? These are just some of the questions that were answered in the course of this paper. From the very first phase of the project, analysed on the basis of the theories set out in the theoretical framework, the multidisciplinary nature of this activity becomes apparent: IT, marketing, culture and translation come together and shape the entire localisation process. As can be seen throughout the thesis, only a correct interpretation of the assignment, the choice of the most suitable softwares and knowledge of the target locale can lead to an adequate localisation of the product with a consequent economic advantage for the client. The aim will always be to fulfil the client's requirements by adapting and remodelling the original product according to the customs and traditions of the target locale.

déjà: L'Université d'Alger fête l'anniversaire d'un personnage de roman et celui du texte qui porte son nom. Une commémoration littéraire inhabituelle puisque, traditionnellement, c'est plutôt l'auteur et les événements de sa biographie qui en sont l'objet. Ce phénomène montre bien quelle importance Nedjma a acquise. L'oeuvre, dont l' héroïne symbolise l'Algérie et son histoire, marque aussi le commencement de la littérature algérienne. Avec Nedjma, une de ses premières oeuvres, cette nouvelle littérature conquiert une renommée mondiale, et ceci bien des années avant que le combat victorieux pour l'indépendance nationale ne soit achevé. Cette oeuvre compte aujourd' hui incontestablement parmi les classiques du roman moderne.

Sometimes when I check my social media account, I see other academics asking for tips to expand our teaching canon-and most often, the respective replies reference this very volume: Women Philosophers in the Long Nineteenth Century. Even though just published, a lot of researchers and especially instructors are already putting it to good use, expanding our students' awareness of the rich history of philosophy that we for so long neglected to reflect on properly. Our forgetfulness is due mostly to the still formative work of late nineteenth century authors of the history of German literature and philosophy who intentionally excluded the contributions of women writers (most instructive on this exclusion is Ruth Whittle's study Gender, Canon, and Literary History, De Gruyter, 2013), but also the current, relentless streamlining of course design. Little do we remember that even before the nineteenth century, in the lifetime of Maria Sibylla Merian (1647-1717), women could not only get a decent education, but they could also become leaders in trade, silk production, or in other areas. Thus, not always and everywhere have women been strictly excluded from 'public life', and hence there is no reason why all of them should have been hiding in the long nineteenth century. This present volume is the perfect handbook to expand the canon of any 19 th and early 20 th course on European philosophy in exactly this area. With the exception of Madame de Staël, it contains leading voices of German and Austrian women intellectuals who made significant, albeit often overlooked, contributions to contemporaneous debates. And even if Madame de Staël's influence in France might also be notable, her works, in particular On Germany, left an impression on those she described as well. Given that she herself was an expatriate, she might have become something like a German by popular acclaim; ultimately, her perspective on Germany shows how sympathetic outsiders saw the famous land of poets and thinkers, and how these same poets and thinkers came to see themselves.

Das Schauspiel Wilhelm Tell von Friedrich Schiller gehört zu den am meisten übersetzten Klassikern der deutschen Literatur. Der Grund dafür mag an seiner Zeitlosigkeit und – jetzt immer mehr – an seiner Aktualität liegen. Wenn es insbesondere um Schlüsselwörter wie Freiheit, Volkssouveränität, Gleichheit, Unabhängigkeit oder Patriotismus geht, ist Wilhelm Tell für jede Nation eine beliebte Lektüre. So auch in der Türkei als diese Schlüsselwörter bereits gegen Ende des Osmanischen Reichs eine Aufwertung erfuhren. Infolgedessen entstand schon kurz vor dem 20. Jahrhundert die erste türkische Übersetzung von Wilhelm Tell aus der Mittlersprache Französisch. Die Neuübersetzung folgte im Jahr 1922, wurde aber erst 1933 veröffentlicht. Der grundlegendste Unterschied zwischen diesen beiden Übersetzungen ist, dass jede in einer anderen Ära entstanden ist und von dieser erheblich geprägt sind. Insofern soll in dieser vorliegenden Arbeit zunächst die Übersetzungskonzeption der Erstübersetzung erarbeitet werden, um bestimmen zu können, weshalb eine Neuübersetzung fällig war. Im Fokus der Arbeit steht sodann die Neuübersetzung, die eine völlig andere Übersetzungskonzeption aufweist als die Erstübersetzung. Schließlich soll veranschaulicht werden, warum und zu welchen Zwecken Wilhelm Tell ins Türkische übersetzt wurde und welche Rolle dabei die Schweizer und die Figur Tell hatten.

l seguente articolo è un estratto di un lavoro più ampio sulla traduzione automatica del testo King, Warrior, Magician, Lover di Robert Moore e Douglas Gillette. Nel corso del suddetto lavoro questo testo, dopo essere stato analizzato linguisticamente, è stato tradotto attraverso i due traduttori automatici Google Translate e DeepL per poi essere completato in fase di post-editing da traduttore umano. Fase essenziale del processo è stata sicuramente la valutazione degli errori riscontrati nelle due traduzioni automatiche, effettuata con l’aiuto del Multidimensional Quality Metrics (di qui in avanti indicato con la sigla MQM), una metrica di valutazione per traduzioni e testi più in generale. Nell’articolo qui presente si definirà que- sta metrica e il modo in cui è stata utilizzata nel lavoro summenzionato

Artikkelissa käsitellään tiedekirjallisuuden kääntämistä toimituksellisena prosessina 2000-luvun Suomessa diskurssintutkimuksen näkökulmasta. Artikkelissa sovelletaan kieli-ideologian käsitettä tieteenalan käsitteistön ja termien käännösprosessin tutkimukseen. Tarkastelun kohteina ovat suomentajan ja kustannustoimittajan käymä keskustelu käsitteiden valinnasta ja käytöstä sekä erityisesti se, mitä leksikaaliset valinnat, kustannustoimittajan kommentit sekä kääntäjän reaktiot kommentteihin kertovat kieli-ideologioista. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu yhden tiedekirjasuomennoksen käsikirjoitusversioista, kustannustoimittajan ja kääntäjän käsikirjoitukseen tekemistä kommenteista sekä kääntäjän haastattelusta ja muista etnografisista havainnoista, joita analysoidaan laadullisesti diskurssintutkimuksen keinoin. Tutkimuksen kohteena on kolmenlaisia kieli-ideologisia ilmiöitä: käännösprosessiin osallistuvien suhtautuminen ”vieraisiin” aineksiin, käännettävän teoksen tieteenalan diskurssille omina...

Man as a social beings need to change what he wishes, it may be one the most desires to achieve it. In this research the researcher as a translator suffered from the wrong or unknown translation for the children. Hatim and Munday (2004) claimed that "shifts are the small linguistic changes that happen between units in a source text- target text pair"(p.265. The researcher applied the theory of Catford to concentrates on shifts utilized by the translator in the translation of children’s text named The Pearl, to compare structures of English as a source language, with its related translation counterparts of Persian, as a target language. Since the way of researching and data gathering was based on (DTS).The researcher aimed at investigating the shifts applied by translators. And accordingly to clarify the most common shifts in translating children’s texts from English to Persian and to identify the degree of correspondence between original and target. texts. The book has 106...

Legal language in translator training The topic of this paper is legal language and its integration into the teaching process in the training of translators working in the language combination German / Slovak; this area of didactics is relatively unexplored in Slovakia. The main aim of the study is to emphasize the importance of developing professional translation competence as part of translator training, as this competence is of significant assistance when creating content-correct translations. Based on an analysis of student translations, the article lists the most common problems encountered when translating legal texts, mainly related to the use of incorrect translation strategies.

The reflection on the role of the translator, on his way of approaching a prototext, on the responsibility of constructing a metatext can only be described in the Leonardian terms of an "Ostinato Rigore", or in terms of method and will. The rigor, therefore, the method can be seen as the sum of the skills, abilities and competences that allow the translator to manage the translation process. It is in the actual translation in which the "rigor" becomes "obstinate", that is, the method merges with the desire to seek the most adequate rendering in the target text and it is in this cognitive operation that psychophysiological components come into play such as memory and emotional-motivational dynamics

This paper aims to investigate the intersections between Hegel's aesthetics lectures and translation theory and praxis, with reference to the French-Italian translation project Hegel Art Net. Against the background of the historical reconstruction (1) that sees Hegel repeatedly confronted with the fruition and production of translations, we intend to examine the hermeneutic (2), philological (3) and political (4) challenges that a translator of the aesthetics Nachschriften encounters today, following the "philological turn" of the 1990s and the publication of new sources documenting Hegel's Berlin lectures on the philosophy of art.

Tässä tutkielmassa käsittelen koodinvaihtoa kaunokirjallisuudessa ja käännöksissä. Koodinvaihto määritellään olevan useamman kielen tai variaation käyttöä saman tekstin sisällä. Tutkielmassa keskitytään eri kielten väliseen vaihteluun, ei kielen sisäiseen vaihteluun, kuten murteeseen. Aineistona on Ilkka Remeksen tuotantoa ja saksannoksia, jotka on tehnyt Stefan Moster. Tutkielma on teoriasidonnainen laadullinen tutkimus, jossa käytetään kvantifiointia aineiston analyysin apuvälineenä. Aineisto on kerätty manuaalisesti Remeksen romaaneista Ruttokellot ja Hiroshiman portti kirjaamalla koodinvaihtoesiintymät taulukkoon sivunumeroineen. Lisäksi aineistoa on kerätty näiden romaanien saksankielisistä käännöksistä Blutglocke ja Das Hiroshima-Tor. Kummallakin romaanilla on oma taulukkonsa, ja tähän taulukkoon on merkitty kunkin romaanin käännöksen koodinvaihtoesiintymät. Mikäli koodinvaihtoesiintymää ei ole käännöksessä, tai sitä ei ole alkuperäisessä romaanissa, tämä on kirjattu näkyviin....

In der Informationstheorie Weavers und Shannons gibt es den berühmten nachrichtentechnischen Übertragungskanal, der von einer Nachrichtenquelle ausgehend eine Nachricht formt, diese in ein Signal verwandelt, einem Empfänger zuleitet, verrauscht meistens, der daraus wieder eine (die selbe?) Nachricht dekodiert, die dem Ziel der Übertragung zugeführt wird. 1

This research is aimed at investigating the use of online resources in doing self-corrections. To achieve this objective, this research uses triangulation method by combining keyboard logging program (Translog-II), screen recording tools (Camtasia) and retrospective questions to collect the data. This research belongs to a qualitative research employing an exploratory case study as a method. The researcher views external processes-especially in terms of using online resources in doing self-corrections-while translating an English text into an Indonesian text as the central phenomenon requiring exploration and understanding. The participants are student translators-the students of Master Degree Program of Linguistics Department majoring translation studies at the University of Sumatera Utara (USU) without any professional experience on translation. The participants have a paper based TOEFL score of more than 475, UKBI score of more than 550, typing speed of more than above 20 wpm (words per minute) with more than 90% of accuracy. The findings show the student translators' preference to using Google translate while doing self-correction, their dependence on translation machines and online dictionaries, and their low capability in managing online resources.