Interpreting Studies

In the dynamic landscape of language interpreting, the integration of technology has ushered in a new era, marked by the advent of computer-assisted interpreting (CAI) tools. However, while the promise of improved communication through these tools is evident, a crucial facet demanding scrutiny is the intricate relationship between computer-assisted interpreting and the cognitive load experienced by interpreters. The present study was an attempt to use functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to compare the cognitive load experienced by interpreters when utilizing a CAI tool, in this case automatic speech recognition (ASR), versus interpreting without such a tool. To this end, 12 interpreters were asked to perform two tasks: 1) simultaneous interpreting with the help of ASR (ASR-SI) and 2) interpreting without ASR (NoASR-SI). fNIRS records changes in the concentration of oxyhemoglobin [ΔHbO2] and deoxyhemoglobin [ΔHbR] as it is sensitive to hemodynamic changes in the blood. Therefore, the interpreters' cognitive load in both tasks was measured using the analysis of the HbO2 signals, which are an indicator of brain activation, and a paired t test was used to determine if there was a significant difference between the means of concentration changes of the two tasks. The results showed that the left temporal cortex (LTC) was significantly activated (p<0.05) during simultaneous interpreting from English into Persian. Furthermore, the mean of changes in concentration of HbO2 revealed that more cognitive load was experienced in interpreting without ASR compared to interpreting with ASR, meaning cognitive load was reduced when using ASR. In addition, participants' feedback regarding the integration of ASR into interpreting was investigated through a questionnaire. The findings showed that participants' subjective perceptions of ASR did not fully correspond to the objective neural activity recorded during simultaneous interpreting with and without ASR support.

Luces y sombras de la LO 1/2004 Ley 1/2004 LIMCVSM no incluía violencias contra otras mujeres fuera de la (ex)pareja. La 8/2021 incluye a los menores familiares o allegados. Ha habido bastantes avances legislativos desde 2004 en legislación con perspectiva de género, también en el ámbito internacional, destacando el convenio de Estambul de 2011. Teniendo en cuenta las definiciones, una mujer PUEDE cometer violencia de género, por ejemplo cometiendo una ablación de clítoris. Valorando los factores de riesgo, es importante discriminar entre perfiles de agresor para poder aplicar las políticas públicas preventivas necesarias.

This collection showcases applications of Relevance Theory (RT) to address key challenges in translation and interpreting studies. It presents empirical research on RT pragmatics, drawing from both real-world and experimental data across various translation and interpreting practices, such as literary translation, paradiplomatic translation, machine translation, and legal interpreting.

This book is divided into three parts: the first delves into theoretical innovations, while the second and third feature RT-based empirical analyses of translation and interpreting issues in diverse professional contexts.

With its focus on a wide variety of data types, contexts, and methodologies, this book will be of interest to students, scholars, and practitioners in translation and interpreting studies.

Although irregular warfare (IW) is considered the oldest form of warfare, the war scenarios have considerably changed in the 21st century. Nowadays, IW seems to plague much of the non-Western world (White, Some Thoughts on Irregular Warfare) and, consequently, new actors, strategies and approaches have been brought into play, resulting into a new balance between State and Non-State organizations. Accordingly, and considering that “winning the war has ceased to mean only the annihilation of the enemy, but also transforming civilians into allies in the theatre of war” (Cumming, Influencing the Population: 43) collaborations between civilians and military personnel – based, among others, on new warfare tactics such as Petraeus’ Cultural Awareness concept – have been adopted. This may bring up, however, numerous concerns, including communication challenges when there is no common language. The interpreter in conflict zones (ICZ) funnels two or more realities in such contexts. This paper...

Abstract
This study explores the challenges, techniques, and effectiveness of simultaneous interpreting of three of Donald Trump’s political speeches from English into Arabic. To achieve the goals of the study, Li’s model of interpretation strategies and Pöchhacker's model of effectiveness were employed in the analysis of the student’s SI of Trump’s speeches. A translation test consisting of Trump’s speeches is given to 20 BA translation students at Jadara university in order to simultaneously interpret these speeches into Arabic. Employing qualitative and quantitative approaches, the research reveals various difficulties faced by interpreters, including cognitive, linguistic, cultural, unplanned discourse, ideological, managing topic shifts, and technical challenges. The study also finds that segmentation, reformulation and cultural substitution were the most effective interpretation strategies in the simultaneous interpretation of Trump’s speeches, while omission, compression, literal translation, and generalization are proven to distort the ideological theme, rhetorical emphases, cultural nuance, precision and clarity meant in Trumps speeches. The study also finds that effective SI requires an optimal balance between cognitive, cultural, and linguistic demands. The study finds that Pöchhacker's model provided a sound framework through which the analysis and judgment of interpreting strategies could take place.
keywords: Simultaneous Interpretation, Interpretation challenges, Interpretation strategies, Interpretation effectiveness, English, Arabic

University. Originally a linguist, he turned to translation and interpreting studies a decade ago and has widely published on several aspects of interpreting: cognitive load, the use of technology and, particularly relevant to ENPSIT, interpreting in police and court settings. As a course coordinator he set up an interprofessional training programme for interpreting including trainees of professional groups that depend on services provided by translators and interpreters (www.ipti.ugent.be). Since September 2021 he is president of CIUTI.

Po desaťročia nastoľoval vo svojej tvorbe základné
otázky pravdy a ľudskej existencie. Písal o hľadaní
svetskej aj Božej lásky, skúmal boj jednotlivca v často
nezmyselne hierarchizovanom svete a neúnavne hľadal
ľudskosť. Egypťan Nadžíb Maḥfúẓ (1911 – 2006). Príspevok sa venuje analýze jeho poviedky Za´baláwí zo zbierky Dunjá ´lláh.

The SCATE project aims at improving translators&#39; efficiency through improvements in translation technology, evaluation of computer-aided translation, terminology extraction from comparable corpora, speech recognition accuracy, and work flows and personalised user interfaces. It is funded by IWT-SBO, project nr. 130041. http://www.ccl.kuleuven.be/scate/ Envisaged Project Results We present the envisaged results of SCATE, now the project is mid-term, with two more years to go. We have surveyed and observed translators with respect to the following aspects: human-machine interaction in post-editing, human acquisition of domain knowledge and terminology, and workflow usage and interface personalization. We are researching different computer-aided translation (CAT) technologies, such as syntax-based fuzzy matching and concordancing, tools for speedier and more consistent collaborative translation, automated term extraction methods from comparable corpora, and integrated models and do...

El capítulo aborda la discusión suscitada en el 2021 sobre la Conquista de México, con motivo de la conmemoración de los 500 años de iniciado ese acontecimiento tras la caída de Tenochtitlan, acontecimiento que invita a la reflexión acerca del uso que hacemos del pasado. Con ese motivo, en este ensayo analizamos las opiniones e interpretaciones al respecto vertidas en algunas publicaciones periódicas y en
algunos libros que refuerzan el discurso sobre la Independencia basados en la narrativa simbólica de la Conquista de México. Consideramos que en el contexto de este debate el problema no debería centrarse en resolver si la razón de lo que representan las fechas de 1521 y 1821 les asiste a los liberales o a los conservadores, el problema para nosotros estriba en revisar desde la perspectiva decolonial, el proyecto de nación en el contexto eurocentrista, moderno y capitalista que por lo que se ve, sigue más vigente que nunca, y decidir si ese es el camino que queremos seguir caminando. Sobre todo, consideramos que dicha reflexión debe incluir, sin gramáticas civilizatorias de por medio sino en una paridad discursiva y polifónica real, las voces, visiones y opiniones de las comunidades indígenas como las principales afectadas en
esta discusión.

This research investigated the complex processes of identity negotiation among Iraqi undergraduate students within a multilingual context. Using a mixed-methods research design, the study combined qualitative thematic analysis and quantitative data to examine how linguistic practices, such as code-switching (CS) and code-mixing (CM), act as resources for the expression of individual and social identities. Analysing transcripts from 20 episodes of Iraqi TV talk shows and interviews with 15 undergraduates, the study uncovers distinct linguistic patterns shaped by context: Arabic dominance in discussions of cultural topics and English dominance in discussions of academic and aspirational topics. The findings revealed that linguistic choices are not arbitrary but strategic, reflecting students' efforts to balance cultural heritage with global aspirations. The emergent strategies for bridging the cultural gap, making inclusivity possible, and negotiating social dynamics are CM and CS. Such findings foreground the crucial role language plays in the construction, maintenance, and negotiation of identities in complex sociolinguistic landscapes. Results for educational frameworks involve the inclusion of these insights into school frameworks and the recognition of linguistic diversity as a resource in the construction of identities and in intercultural communication.

The role of science museum interpreters from the perspective of the actor-network theory developed by French researcher Bruno Latour is explored in this article. The authors analyze how the activities of interpreters contribute to the formation and support of a dynamic network of interactions in science museums, which, in turn, facilitates the dissemination of scientific knowledge and the shaping of a scientific worldview among visitors. The concept of the “interpreter” and their practical activities, comparing global experience with domestic practice, are also examined in the article.Using an actor-network approach, the authors demonstrate that interpreters are not merely transmitters of information and knowledge but they are active actors shaping a network of interactions between exhibits, technological tools, and visitors. Through specific examples, the article highlights how the role of interpreters has transformed – from traditional knowledge transmission to stimulating dialogue and discussions about science.Particular attention is paid to the model of the science museum of the American physicist Frank Oppenheimer, which became the key to the formation of the philosophical and pedagogical approach of their activities and the choice of forms of work of interpreters on both the American and European continents.The authors also examine the impact of interpreters on the educational process, emphasizing their role in fostering a positive attitude toward science among children and young people. Analysis of the activities of interpreters at the Science Museum of the Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, in light of the challenges posed by the full-scale war, highlights the importance of their work for fostering children’s curiosity, engaging them in problem- solving activities, and providing psycho-emotional support.In summary, the authors note the adaptability of interpreters to ongoing challenges, their crucial role in deepening interest in natural sciences, and the need for further empirical research on this topic.

Students (and researchers!) can conflate learning with teaching, as suggested by phrases like "teachers' practices of constructivist learning" "implementing social-emotional learning" (these are in existing article titles!). This resource tries to disentangle teaching from learning.

It consists of the following parts: 1. What are learning and teaching? 2. Teaching and learning are very different-although they may occur at the same time. 3. Teaching does not cause learning-the student must choose to learn. 4. Learning theories are not entirely about learning; they are often more about teaching. 5. Teaching is about following the principles of learning theories to facilitate student learning.

This open forum article highlights an interview conducted with JonetiRokotuibau, a signed language interpreter from Fiji. She has recently been elected as the Oceania Regional Representative for the World Association of Sign Language Interpreters (WASLI). She highlights her path to becoming a Fijian Sign Language interpreter and teacher, and how she developed an interest in working with interpreters and the Deaf community. She also describes the ways in which signed language interpreting is developing in the Pacific Islands and how she is partnering with the National Deaf Association to bring about change. Her experiences offer interpreters and educators a glimpse into some of the many exciting developments in the region known as Oceania, which includes Fiji, the Solomon Islands, Kiribati, Tonga Samoa, Vanuatu, Tuvalu, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, and Australia

This article offers a critical examination of the rapidly evolving landscape of interpreter training in the era of artificial intelligence. This paper draws on current academic discourse, industry reports, and original survey data to examine how AI tools are reshaping pedagogical practices, industry expectations, and professional identities. The analysis highlights diverging perspectives: while some view AI as an enabler of efficiency and innovation, others raise concerns about ethical boundaries, terminology misuse, and the erosion of human-centric competencies. Special attention is given to how interpreter training institutions can respond to these shifts through critical AI literacy, revised curricula, and public awareness strategies. The paper also explores the paradox that AI may not replace interpreters directly but may still undermine the profession indirectly through declining enrolments and institutional disengagement. Ultimately, it advocates for a balanced, evidence-based integration of AI into interpreter education-one that safeguards professional standards and ensures long-term sustainability.

She has served as external examiner at all levels of university training (undergraduate programmes to PhD) at universities in Ireland, the UK, South Africa and New Zealand and has supervised/co-supervised research students in Ireland, the UK, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the USA. She has published widely on aspects of the linguistics and sociolinguistics of Irish Sign Language and in the area of sign language interpreting and sign linguistics (15 books; 53 papers, 11 edited volumes of journals/monographs) and presented over 100 peer-reviewed conference papers, often in collaboration with international colleagues. In 2008, she was named a European Commission European Language Ambassador for her work on signed languages. Lorraine is Co-Chair of the European Forum of Sign Language Interpreters Committee of Experts. Her most recent books are "Sign Language in Practice" with Professor Jemina Napier ( ) and (due 2017), a co-edited volume, "Interpreting and the Politics of Recognition" with Dr. Christopher Stone (Routledge). In addition to drawing on published documentation regarding sources, we are indebted to the following who helped to clarify our understanding of occupational regulation processes in place internationally. Any remaining errors are our own.

• Being able to express oneself, be understood and learn through close social and familiar relationships is positively connected with good mental health (Rodgers and Young, 2012). • Instead, in many of families studies (Gregory et al.), there had been a lack of consistent, elaborated and meaningful communication throughout childhood. • At follow-up, when the children were 18 years old, many parents admitted they still could not communicate fluently with them. • In 17% of cases the young people, now on the verge of adulthood, had little or no language in either spoken or signed language. • Thus, communication in the home is essential. But access to language in the classroom setting is also critical: teachers must be able to fully engage with their students.

A set of questions arise in translation studies (TS), as it does in humanities, when the question of scientificity is discussed: is it possible at all to establish a scientific study of human phenomena? If so, to what extent can we adapt the rigorous scientific methods to a complex and multidimensional phenomenon like translation? How can we approach translation complexity scientifically? This article explores the different impediments to the recognition of TS scientificity, and sheds light on the new trends in translation research, and how they have served this cause. Given that the aim of science is understanding phenomena, integrating and elaborating appropriate research methods to understand translation can yield significant insights into this human phenomenon regardless of its nature.

Many areas of the public sector, including, for example, healthcare and social services, are experiencing a growing need for interpreters in order to enable or facilitate communication. Although public service interpreters interpret mainly between adults, they are also sometimes called upon to interpret for children. This article argues that shifting from a monolingual to a multilingual perspective may assist public service professionals when planning and conducting meetings with children from ethnic minority backgrounds. In addition, such a perspective may improve our theoretical understanding of interpreter-mediated communication. The proposed adoption of a multilingual perspective is based on research into multilingualism, and on a review of the literature concerning interpreter-mediated communication with children.

Introduction: The SOS-VICS project carried out extensive fieldwork using the following methodology: focus groups with experts in gender violence (GV), Delphi survey of interpreters, personal interviews with victims and experts and a questionnaire survey directed to agents/professionals specialised in attending gender violence cases, which is the subject of this report. The objective of this research is to train interpreters to work in GV settings and therefore the intention of this survey was to ascertain the real situation of institutional attention provided by the different public bodies, entities and specialised services to foreign female GV victims when catering to their communication needs with agents and interpreters. The general objective was to determine the real communication situation between agents and GV victims who do not speak Spanish or the other coofficial languages in Spain, and any problems associated with interpreters during these meetings.Unión Europe

Todos los derechos reservados. Ni la totalidad ni parte de este libro puede reproducirse o transmitirse por ningún procedimiento electrónico o mecánico, incluyendo fotocopia, grabación magnética, o cualquier almacenamiento de información y sistema de recuperación sin permiso escrito de los autores y las autoras y de las editoras. En caso de erratas y actualizaciones, la Editorial Tirant lo Blanch publicará la pertinente corrección en la página web www.tirant.com (. tirant.com). Esta publicación es responsabilidad exclusiva de sus autores y autoras. La Comisión no es responsables del uso que pueda hacerse de la información aquí difundida.

For several decades now, many countries have had a strong track record in the fight against gender violence (GV). GV or violence against women refers to “any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life” (United Nations 1993). It is one of the most tragic consequences of the inequality between men and women.

This article addresses a critical gap in ASL pedagogy: the systematic teaching of context. While ACTFL’s “Five C’s” guide world language education, they omit the foundational role of Context. For ASL, where meaning depends on spatial, situational, and cultural cues, context is not background but the ground of communication. This paper proposes the addition of Context as a sixth C in ASLTA’s standards, positioning it as essential for conceptual accuracy and cultural authenticity.

's Head, Heart & Hand approach emphasises developing a child's "head, hand, and heart" in education. This approach links mental sharpness (Head), emotional intelligence (Heart), and physical skills (Hands) to learning skill improvement, and attitude modification. Today's busy and sedentary society has reduced trust between employees and bosses, resulting in a lack of understanding and empathy. Confidence between supervisors and employees can be damaged when employers engage in policing activities to determine competency. Lack of understanding and critical thinking might impair decision-making. Practical knowledge is true knowledge, but theoretical knowledge is essential. Theory models or frameworks describe or anticipate what will happen, while practice applies knowledge to a specific situation. Theory-practice relationships show how to use evidence to grasp important ideas, explain decisions, and plan for the future. Colleges and universities are responsible for teaching theory, while we can put it into practice in the workplace. A person's competency is their ability to accomplish specified tasks in a given environment. Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSA) and KSC models define and quantify competencies. KSA emphasises fundamentals, while KSC emphasises behavioural skills including teamwork, communication, and problem-solving. KSA emphasises "what" and "how" whereas KSC emphasises "how" and "why" of a work well done. KSC is a more comprehensive approach since it recognises that effective performance depends on knowledge, skills, and the individual's capacity to apply those talents and interact with others.

In the face of linguistic and cultural untranslatability, translation emerges as a strategic act rather than a purely mechanical process. This paper presents a comprehensive inventory of translation strategies, grounded in both theoretical frameworks and practical considerations. It begins by exploring the concept of strategy through various academic lenses, distinguishing it from tactics, and identifying its core elements and domains. The study then shifts focus to translation-specific strategies, examining the requirements for strategic choice and the structural and functional factors that shape it. These include text type, language function, levels of signification, and the cultural and communicative contexts of both the source and target texts. Strategies are categorised into direct, oblique, and global types, encompassing literal translation, calque, modulation, adaptation, and broader approaches such as foreignisation and domestication. Through this layered classification, the paper highlights the need for adaptive, context-sensitive decision-making in the translation process. Ultimately, it argues that facing untranslatability requires more than technical skill-it demands a dynamic, reflective, and strategic engagement with meaning across languages and cultures.

This book series tackles prominent issues in Machine Translation (MT) at a depth which will allow these books to reflect the current state-of-the-art, while simultaneously standing the test of time. Each book topic will be introduced so it can be understood by a wide audience, yet will also include the cutting-edge research and development being conducted today. MT is being deployed for a range of use-cases by millions of people on a daily basis. Google Translate and Facebook provide billions of translations daily across many language pairs. Almost 1 billion users see these translations each month. With MT being embedded in platforms like this which are available to everyone with an internet connection, one no longer has to explain what MT is on a general level. However, the number of people who really understand its inner workings is much smaller. The series includes investigations of different MT paradigms (Syntax-based Statistical MT, Neural MT, Rule-Based MT), Quality issues (MT evaluation, Quality Estimation), modalities (Spoken Language MT) and MT in Practice (Post-Editing and Controlled Language in MT), topics which cut right across the spectrum of MT as it is used today in real translation workflows.

Introduction Multilingualism refers to the coexistence of multiple languages or different varieties of the same language (Kelly-Holmes and Milani 2013). It has been a recurring issue in translation studies since languages are constantly interacting in today's globalized and post-multilingual societies (Chiaro 2019; Corrius 2024). However, multilingualism entails more than the ability to speak or understand two or three languages; it involves complex communicative repertoires that include not only linguistic elements but

Este livro tem como objetivo apresentar ao leitor brasileiro um panorama de pesquisas que se fundamentam na perspectiva bakhtiniana para o estudo da tradução e da interpretação de línguas de sinais e suas contribuições para o constante movimento social e científico de construção de políticas públicas voltadas à inclusão da pessoa surda na sociedade e da ampliação da formação de tradutores e de intérpretes da Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras)-português.

Signed language interpreting can be carried out in a sign-to-sign, spokento-sign, or sign-to-spoken language direction. In the case of Season 5 of Netflix's The Circle, the hearing interpreter Paris McTizic carries out a sign-to-spoken language interpretation. It is through Paris' voice that Raven Sutton, a d/Deaf contestant communicates via the voice-activated "Circle Chat" screen and becomes accessible to non-signing hearing viewers. Paris interprets for the "Circle Chat" screen, nonsigning hearing viewers and contestants, making this season of The Circle a unique example of different receivers of interpretation. The Paris-Raven interaction on The Circle is a unique example as the interpreter is primarily part of the programme next to the contestant and not behind the scenes. This paper analyses the interpreter's output focusing on prosody. I explored Paris' output as well as interviews held with Paris and Raven. The first episode was analysed using the Praat programme to visualise the interpreter's output through pitch analysis and discuss the emotions, attitude, and prosody relation. The delivery of the interpreter was also scrutinised using Riccardi's (2002) descriptive sheet of interpreted text. The findings revealed that, by reframing the emotion and attitude of Raven's narrative, the interpreter becomes a "narrator" of Raven, a "self-narrator" of himself by reflecting his own emotions and opinions in some situations, and offers a "counter-narrative" to the general narrative of interpreting studies. The interpreter's use of voice promotes "access intimacy" between Raven and himself, which plays a significant role in their communication on screen.

Across the conservatoire sector, resilience and wellbeing have come into sharp focus during the global pandemic. Until recently, research has paid only limited attention to the field of actor training in this regard. This chapter presents Andrew Davidson, director, musician, teacher, and Wellbeing Champion for Guildford School of Acting (GSA) in conversation with Associate Professor Ian Maxwell, lecturer and researcher at the University of Sydney, and co-author of the Australian Actors' Wellbeing Study; and Dr Parvinder Shergill, award-winning doctor in mental health for the National Health Service (NHS), writer, actor, and filmmaker. The conversation considers current challenges for acting students and teachers, and the lived experiences of graduates and professionals in the industry. Two viewpoints emerge from the discussion: an individual perspective on the development of self during actor training; and an industrial perspective on the transition into and through the acting profession. The individual perspective gives a snapshot of wellbeing in actor training and offers a creative vision of resilience. The industrial perspective takes an anthropological and phenomenological view of the acting profession and recommends radical cultural change.

Public service interpreters in Australia work in a range of areas including welfare, health, education and criminal justice. Some of their assignments contain traumatic client material, which may be confrontational, upsetting or off-putting for an interpreter, potentially impacting on their perceived cognitive processes and emotions during and after the interpreting assignment. Through a large-scale online survey of 271 practicing interpreters in Victoria, Australia, the authors explore the extent of exposure to traumatic client material, interpreters&#39; ways of coping with such material, and how institutional care and self-care are administered, if they are at all. The findings of the survey are presented in this article and the implications for public service interpreters are discussed from an occupational health and safety perspective. Limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are outlined.

Hearing interlocutors do not have auditory cues to signal the construction of identity of their Deaf interlocutors. Sign Language Interpreters have an impact on the perception of identity of signing Deaf interactants. The gender of a hearing interpreter plays into the negotiation of identity of signed interlocutors. In alignment with the understandings that the "indirect constitution of identity through language is an interactional process" (Bailey, 2000), and "identity may be ... in part an outcome of interactional negotiation, in part a construct of others' perceptions and representations" (Bucholtz & Hall, 2005), and beliefs about identity are "informed by a framework of ideas about language and about the kinds of people who speak in certain ways,  (Irvine ,1989). The gender of the voice that hearing interlocutors listen to in sign language interpreted interactions carries with it social meanings that constitute the perceived identity of interpreted Deaf interactants.

This chapter first presents a mixed-methods approach to studying interpreting in criminal proceedings and next shows the application of the method, illustrating it with the project TIPp ("Translation and Interpreting in Criminal Proceedings"). The project aimed at describing and assessing the reality of court interpreting in Spain and at creating a computer application which comprises a complete set of resources to facilitate court interpreters' performance. The researchers compiled, transcribed and analysed a representative oral corpus of real, video-recorded criminal proceedings with interpreting in the three language combinations studied (English, French and Romanian into Spanish). Regarding the methodology, an attempt was made to operationalise the quality of legal interpreting by trying to measure it with various criteria. Therefore, the research combined a rigorous, qualitative designideally suited to describing real practicewith quantitative data analysis techniques and the creation of a measurement instrument. Two direct variables were chosen to describe the quality of court interpreting, namely interaction problems and textual problems, based on Wadensjö's distinction between 'talk-as-activity' and 'talk-as-text' (Wadensjö 1998, p. 21). Then the variables were operationalised into indicators to create a measuring instrument validated through a pilot study and consisting of several interval and categorical scales.

Neste estudo, propomos analisar como as noções de família e de maternidade, bem como as manifestações do luto atravessam a subjetividade de Maria, personagem do romance Dias de se fazer silêncio, de Camila Maccari (2023). Para tanto, nos valemos das proposições de Studart (1980), Scavone (2001), Prado (2013), Butler (2023b), Suy (2022) e Iaconelli (2023). O enredo tem como foco as experiências de Maria, uma menina de onze anos, sua relação com a ausência da mãe e do pai, a doença terminal de Rui – seu irmão – e o sentimento de culpa por desejar e sentir aquilo que sente. A representação da maternidade, na narrativa, pode ser compreendida a partir das contribuições de Iaconelli (2024), como um dos laços importantes para que uma geração seja capaz de reproduzir corpos e, principalmente, sujeitos, mas não se resume ao que se passa entre uma mãe e seus/suas filhos/as. Nesse sentido, é possível vislumbrar, ao longo do romance, que o vínculo entre a protagonista e sua mãe é marcado pelo silenciamento compulsório, em meio às tarefas domésticas, atravessado pelo sentimento de luto vivenciado por ambas, mas de modo diverso. Dessa forma, ao tecer uma narrativa que toma maternidade e luto como matéria, Maccari (2023) busca representar as inúmeras maneiras e nuances de sentir.

Escapism is often viewed in only one sense: a negative act used to run away from problems or stressors. This essay transforms escapism into an activity, neither positive nor negative, and attempts a more detailed interpretation that does not focus on the intentions or motivations behind escapism; it instead seeks to show the consequences of escapism and how it arises from creativity. There are two main currents of escapism: one active, the other passive. What makes them active is based on the quality of creativity, along with the magnitude of their actions. A new interpretation of escapism is needed to suit the ever-changing world, and this interpretation seeks to 'open up' the subject instead of narrowing it.

In this International Decade of Indigenous Languages (2022-2032)-as proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly-it is important to note that the Inuit of Nunavik (Arctic Quebec) still widely speak their own language, Inuktitut, while understanding the two colonial languages, English and French, to greatly varying degrees. The Court of Québec has jurisdiction in the region over criminal matters, whereas different legal texts protect the right of Inuit to court interpretation, including the provincial and federal Charters of Rights and Freedoms. In this paper, we address the linguistic challenges of interpreting at the Nunavik Itinerant Court, with the aim of shedding light on the ontological conflicts at the heart of the justice system. We also examine the meaning of "justice" for Inuit. To that end, we use the results of research by the Sentinel North Research Chair on Relations with Inuit Societies (Université Laval).

Healthcare interpreting represents a specialised domain of public service interpreting that has long remained on the periphery of academic and institutional discourse in Slovakia. This article analyses the current state of healthcare interpreting services in the country, identifying key challenges related to their institutionalization, professionalization, and legislative framework. The study focuses on the absence of systematic mechanisms for ensuring healthcare interpreting, the lack of quality regulation in interpreting practice, and limited educational opportunities in this field. Through an analysis of relevant legal frameworks, it highlights the discrepancy between patients' right to receive information in a comprehensible language and the actual conditions in healthcare institutions, where communication with patients facing language barriers is often managed through improvised solutions, such as reliance on family members or ad-hoc interpreters. The article also examines the critical role of non-governmental organizations in providing linguistic support during periods of heightened migration pressure, using the Ukrainian refugee crisis as a case study to illustrate the growing demand for systematic solutions in this field. The concluding section formulates research objectives that are partially integrated into an ongoing doctoral research project while also aiming to stimulate interdisciplinary academic interest in healthcare interpreting, as this issue intersects with linguistics, sociology, medicine, law, and public policy.

A lthough Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) tools play an important role in the curriculum in many university translator training programmes, they are seldom used in the context of learning a language, as a good command of a language is needed before starting to translate. Since many institutions often have translator-training programmes as well as language-learning programmes within one department or school, this paper explores the possibilities of expanding the usefulness of CAT tools from the Translation curriculum into the Foreign Language Learning curriculum. While it is not expected that CAT tools will replace any other methods of language learning, this paper hopes to show that CAT tools can nevertheless contribute to enhance the language learning experience.

Little attention has been given to the treatment of formulaic expressions in language technology during the past few decades, although such expressions are in fact extremely common both in conversation and in written discourse. Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) tools are currently the most widely used language technology tools among professional translators. In this paper, I intend to determine the usefulness of such tools in the treatment of formulaic expressions. In particular, the aim is to evaluate the performance of Trados (2007 version), the leader in the CAT-tools market, in the treatment of such expressions, compared to the treatment of terms and ordinary translation units, by examining the performance of selected components in the identification and translation of formulaic expressions.