Geographically-Integrated History

This study explores the theory of Ecofeminism ,which elucidates how capitalism and patriarchal society treat women and nature. Moreover, it studies the effects of gender categories to show how social norms unfairly control women and the environment. This study explores how Tess Onwueme's Then She Said it dramatizes the combined tyranny of nature and women. It emphasizes the devastation caused by oil firms colluding with local authorities to exploit both. The playwright examines the historical oppression of Delta women and the environmental damage they endure, using dramatic visuals and dialogue to illustrate the harsh realities of pollution and poverty. This study examines the contradiction between the prosperity of oil companies and the poverty of people in the regions where these companies operate. Furthermore, it highlights the parallels between women's experiences and nature in terms of pain and resistance, emphasizing how both have become sources of strength for change. This offers new perspectives on societal evolution. It is an open critique of the capitalist system and patriarchy, which convert women's bodies and natural resources into commodities for profit.  Keywords: capitalist, commodity, ecofeminism, nature, patriarchy pollution, women .

This article reconceptualizes remoteness in the Indo-Burmese Highland frontiers after a global war. Recent scholarship emphasizes the relational nature of remoteness, proximity and connectivity, highlighting how state interventions have marginalized specific spaces from development and connectivity. I examine how states appropriated longstanding trans-imperial epistemologies of “remote” highland frontiers for governance during the Second World War. War “globalized” these societies through integration into imperial imageries and projects in the mid-1940s, anticipating India and Burma’s impending decolonization. I argue that state actors re-affirmed the remoteness of the region and its inhabitants during this period by withdrawing global integration with material and political resources offered during wartime, once imperial defense was successfully accomplished. British colonial state projects since the 19th century deliberately produced the Indo-Burma frontier’s highlands as a “remote” and “barbaric” space. The war disrupted pre-existing frontier management by increasing global integration and intimacy between so-called Hill Tribes and empires, making peripheries more proximate to states. However, this proximity paradoxically reinforced caricatures of Indo-Burmese frontier tribes as isolated and “uncivilized” and needing state patronage. Soon after the war, the colonial and the early postcolonial states once again reasserted the “remoteness” of the Eastern Himalayas by underscoring their exceptionality, and seeking selective exclusions both territorially and culturally, with lasting implications for ongoing citizenship, identity and resource struggles. I unpack intellectual histories of frontiers and remoteness in the mid-1940s that shaped spatial binaries such as Hill-Valley divides, identity politics, and state interventions today.

Sommario: 1. L’eredità degli Stati preunitari: i vanti della marineria delle Due Sicilie; 2. Segue: il Regno di Sardegna si afferma sul mare; 3. Segue: Livorno, Civitavecchia, Ancona e Venezia, primari centri marittimi; 4. Il decennio postunitario: fase di assestamento; 5. Le nuove direttrici di traffico: dal Mediterraneo al Mar Rosso ed agli Oceani; 6. La crescita della cantieristica e della portualità; 7. Conclusioni

The construction of rhetorics associated with the govern
ment of Sicily was deeply influenced by its defense against the attack of the Great Turk. The Avvertimenti, treatises developed by scholars or former
viceroys familiar with the Sicilian territory or the capacities of an alter ego,
served as a valuable complement to private instructions, providing new
knowledge about the island, its governance, or even personal advice based
on their own experience. The continuous sense of danger and alert shaped
discourses related to matters of utmost importance for the viceroys, such
as virtuous governance, the organization of a rational defense capable of
withstanding or responding to an Ottoman attack, or the encouragement
for the viceroy to exercise his prerogative over Sicilian institutions. This
work aims to analyze the narratives present in this documentation, seeking
to reconstruct how the defense of the island was conceptualized between
the 16th and 17th centuries.

The Seven Sisters states are a region in the North-eastern India frontier comprising the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura. After the 1962 Sino-Indian war, China raised territorial claims on this wild region, rich in resources and featured by a strategic position. If China considers those areas be part of the national territo- ry, due to an ethno-linguistic continuity of some people who live there, nevertheless the backbone of the region consists of an environment dense of historical and cultural elements that belong to India and, indeed, that go beyond its boundaries.

Più volte nel corso delle mie ricerche sull'Artico mi sono imbattuto su un personaggio straordinario, le cui esplorazioni hanno apportato un eccezionale contributo alla conoscenza del Grande Nord canadese, ma che per i più rimane un illustre sconosciuto. Come Nansen, Rasmussen e Amundsen, a suo modo era un capo carismatico, anche se non aveva la vincente bugiardaggine di Peary o l'avventurosa determinazione di Stefansson. Non era stato un grande navigatore, come Nordenskjöld e neppure un importante ufficiale snob della Royal Navy, come Sir John Franklin. Eppure ha insegnato qualcosa a ciascuno di loro. Anzi sarà proprio lui a individuare le prime tracce dell'imponente spedizione di Franklin (1854). L'uomo è modesto, onesto e leale. Crede nei valori. È entusiasta del proprio lavoro e dell'impegno protratto e costante. Rimarrà un convinto vittoriano, senza fronzoli, né ostentazioni, fino a quando sarà travolto dai risvolti ipocriti della propria epoca.

Una storia sconosciuta che vede protagonista gli stabili e il personale della Scuola di Viticoltura e la Stazione Sperimentale. Prima un ospedale tedesco e poi, a fine guerra, un Ospedale Russo , di Russi Bianchi, vi trova sede. I Russi Bianchi seguiranno la sorte dei propri connazionali costretti al rientro in una patria, la Russia, che li giudica colpevoli delle scelte fatte.

From the 1870s until well into the 20 th century, the Off ices of the Surveyor General of British India oversaw a number of expeditions into the northeastern stretches of what is today the India-Myanmar border. These expeditions resulted in a number of maps and written records of the villages that dotted the Patkai mountain range between the Brahmaputra and Chindwin Rivers. This paper looks at those records in an effort to recreate a part of the history of the people who inhabit many of these same villages today, as well as how those records may be made available to researchers and community members to solidify the place in the historical record of those groups being documented.

Супруненко О.Б., Приймак В.В., Мироненко K.M. Старожитності золотоординського часу Дніпровського лісостепового Лівобережжя / Наук, та відп. редактор Моця О.П. — Київ-Полтава: „Археологія”, 2004. — 82 с.: іл., карти. — (Центр пам’яткознавства НАН України і Українського т-ва охорони пам’яток історії та культури. Ін-т археології НАН України. Центр охорони та досліджень пам’яток археології управління культури Полтавської облдержадміністрації. Сумська обл. орг. Українського т-ва охорони пам’яток історії та культури).

ISBN 966-7628-14-0

У виданні охарактеризовані давньоруські та золотоординські пам’ятки другої половини ХІІІ-ХІУ ст. передстепових просторів Дніпровського Лівобережжя у межиріччях Орелі та Сули, Сейму і Ворскли, в межах сучасних Полтавської і Сумської областей України.
До наукового обігу вводяться результати нових археологічних досліджень, матеріали музейних і приватних колекцій.
Для археологів, істориків, краєзнавців, широкого кола читачів, які цікавляться проблемами пізньосередньовічної історії України. /
Suprunenko O. B., Priymak V. V., Myronenko K. M. Antiquities of the Golden Horde Period in the Dnieper Forest-Steppe Left Bank / Scientific and Managing Editor: Motsia O. P. — Kyiv-Poltava: AC "Archaeology," 2004. — 82 p.: illus., maps. — (Center for Monument Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Ukrainian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments. Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Center for the Protection and Research of Archaeological Monuments of the Department of Culture of the Poltava Regional State Administration. Sumy Oblast Organization of the Ukrainian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments). 
ISBN 966-7628-14-0 
This publication characterizes Old Rus and Golden Horde monuments from the second half of the 13th to the 14th century in the forest-steppe regions of the Dnieper Left Bank, between the Orel and Sula rivers, the Seym and Vorskla rivers, within the modern Poltava and Sumy Oblasts of Ukraine. 
The results of new archaeological research and materials from museum and private collections are introduced into scientific circulation.  The publication is intended for archaeologists, historians, local historians, and a wide range of readers interested in the late medieval history of Ukraine.

Dal 12 settembre 1943 all’11 luglio 1946, l’Accademia Navale ebbe ufficialmente sede a Brindisi, presso il Collegio Navale della Gioventù Italiana: fu praticamente l’unico organismo militare italiano che rimase integro dopo il disastroso armistizio che, annunciato il fatidico 8 settembre ’43, indusse allo sbando l’intero Paese e specialmente tutte le regie forze armate, lasciate senza direttrici mentre il re, con la sua famiglia e con parte del suo governo presieduto dal generale Badoglio, fuggiva nottetempo da Roma per imbarcarsi a Pescara sulla corvetta “Baionetta” con rotta Sud fino a raggiungere Brindisi ed insediarvisi il venerdì 10 settembre.
La notizia dell’armistizio fu appresa dal comandante dell’Academia Navale ammiraglio Guido Bacci di Capaci, dagli allievi e dai professori, all’ora di cena mentre si trovavano a Venezia, dove si erano trasferiti qualche mese prima in vista della pericolosa esposizione ai bombardamenti aerei nemici in cui si era trovata coinvolta la storica sede di Livorno. Al giorno seguente giunse l’ordine di trasferire l’Accademia al Sud per evitare che gli allievi fossero catturati dalle forze armate tedesche, ed a tal fine furono requisiti i due transatlantici Saturnia e Vulcania che si trovavano da pochissimi giorni agli ormeggi a Venezia, ancora allestiti da navi ospedale della Croce Rossa, in quanto appena rientrati dalle loro missioni umanitarie di rimpatrio di migliaia di coloni dall’Africa Orientale Italiana.

In this paper, we present the product of the most recent continuation of our multiyear project that has involved georeferencing and visualization of data from Claudius Ptolemy's classical 'Geography'. The previously developed set of more than 2,200 translations of the ancient coordinates of Ptolemaic objects to the modern coordinates that can be visualized in modern GIS instruments, such as ArcGIS and Cesium, is extended to East Africa. The provinces of Cyrenaica, Aethiopia below Egypt, Marmarica, the Libyan nome, and all of Egypt together contribute 400+ new points to the expanding body of georeferenced coordinates to close the gap between West Africa and Arabia.

Raster data is commonly obtained by scanning maps or collecting aerial photographs and
satellite images. Scanned map datasets don't normally contain spatial reference information.
With aerial photography and satellite imagery, sometimes the location information delivered
with them is inadequate, and the data does not align properly with other data you have. Thus, to
use some raster datasets in conjunction with other spatial data, need to align or georeference
those to a map coordinate system. A map coordinate system is defined using a map projection (a
method by which the curved surface of the earth is portrayed on a flat surface)

La vicenda del maltese Carmelo Borgo Pisani (CBP)-patriota irredento per l'Italia anteguerra, traditore per gli Inglesi che nel 1942 esercitavano sovranità su Valletta continua ad essere un rebus irrisolto a distanza di 75 anni dalla sua morte per impiccagione avvenuta il 28 novembre 1942. La posizione maltese nei confronti del loro concittadino è più sfumata, nel senso che al silenzio tenuto per decenni sul caso per evidenti ragioni politiche, si è da qualche tempo sostituito un sentimento di partecipazione per la vicenda umana di CBG caratterizzata da elevati sentimenti morali e religiosi, che potrebbe aprire spiragli per una sua rilettura. In realtà, a prescindere da tali aspetti , un motivo per far questo sta sia nelle questioni legate alla cittadinanza, sia in quelle relative alla mancata attribuzione, da parte inglese, del trattamento dovuto, secondo il diritto bellico, ai militari in uniforme impegnati in attività spionistica su territorio nemico.

I saggi contenuti in questo volume sono il frutto di ricerche che gli Autori hanno presentato ancora in itinere in occasione dell'VIII Convegno annuale della Società Italiana di Storia Internazionale (Sisi), tenutosi a Cagliari nell'estate del 2019. Nell'ambito di molteplici sessioni dedicate a tematiche tradizionali e innovative nel campo della storia internazionale del Novecento-dalla diplomazia geopolitica del primo dopoguerra ai temi securitari in epoca di guerra fredda, fino al soft power di fine millennio-i partecipanti hanno discusso dello stato della ricerca nei settori della storia delle relazioni internazionali e delle storie d'area di Europa, Africa, Asia e Americhe. Al termine di un'opera di revisione e ampliamento, i contributi presenti offrono uno spaccato di quel dibattito e, ancor più, l'immagine di come la storia internazionale abbia saputo evolvere metodologia e contenuti, attraverso prospettive multidisciplinari coerenti rispetto al mutare dei tempi e dei caratteri del mondo contemporaneo.

For many years I have undertaken extensive research on the maps in the British Library's Wise Collection-showing the route between Lhasa in Central Tibet and Ladakh in the Western Himalayas over a length of more than ten metres (Lange 2020). They were made in the late 1850s by a Tibetan lama who was commissioned by a British official to draw up the panorama of a region which was practically inaccessible to Europeans at the time. Using the Wise Collection, I documented how and with what intention knowledge of Tibetan landscapes was represented on maps in the mid-19 th century. During this research I came into contact with all kinds of maps of Tibet, made from different perspectives, from different materials and by different actors, in particular by Tibetans, Chinese and Europeans.1 I became more and more interested in how different cultural and cartographical frames have influenced the contents and shape of geographical maps of Tibet. Thus, in my current research project on "Maps as Knowledge Resources and Mapmaking as Process: The Case of the Mapping of Tibet"2, I build up and expand my previous research on the Wise Collection. My aim is to gain a more precise understanding of the processes of mapmaking and the materiality of maps in general, using the example of the mapping of Tibet.

The analysis of the geographical aspects contained in the Visitas-towns and political demarcations-provides a new perspective of the native territorial organization. The surviving towns and place names are important evidence of the spatial organization. Our analysis uses geographic information systems (GIS) to investigate territorial configurations through maps. The other component of this study consists of textual analysis of the sources. We seek to identify elements in the texts that are based on native sources. At the same time, we will point out some characteristics in the order and grouping in which the towns are mentioned in the documentation, since these characteristics may be in direct relation with the native territoriality and the instrument used to record this type of information, the quipu.

This paper demonstrates the importance of borders, as a topic of study and tries to understand how the characterisation of borderlands based on their selection of themes which inaugurated a new agenda to the study of borderlands. It also provides insights into the workings of present governance and will trace the shifting interactions between the states in the monitoring of space and territory.

From the mid-seventeenth century onwards, Kasimbazar emerged as the English East India Company's (EIC) primary market for silk and its textiles. The region surrounding Kasimbazar was prolific in producing silk goods destined for export. Attracted by Bengal silk's substantial profitability, EIC's directors in London envisaged an expansion to regions with existing infrastructure capable of delivering high-quality raw silk and textiles. Subsequently, Mr. Streynsham Master was dispatched to Bengal as a special envoy to strategize this expansion. The establishment of the EIC's sixth factory at Malda directly resulted from this mission. However, the nascent years of the Malda settlement were fraught with challenges, leading company officials to perceive Malda as a subordinate to Hooghly and Kasimbazar with uncertain business potential. But, within two decades, consistent profits began to reshape this perception. Up until the key shifts in 1898 and 1899-EIC acquiring zamindary rights in Calcutta, establishing Fort William as the English headquarters, and the subsequent relocation of the subah capital from Dhaka to Murshidabad in 1706-interactions with local provincial rulers were mired in extortion and bribery. Nonetheless, the handsome profit margins painted a promising outlook for the EIC's future in the region. This paper delves into the initial 25 years after the Malda factory's inception. It evaluates the hurdles faced; the resolutions reached-whether through diplomacy or through petitions to distant Dhaka-the appointment of dadani merchants, the inclusion of pykers, and most notably, the trajectory of business growth and profits during this period.

The analysis of the geographical aspects contained in the Visitas-towns and political demarcations-provides a new perspective of the native territorial organization. The surviving towns and place names are important evidence of the spatial organization. Our analysis uses geographic information systems (GIS) to investigate territorial configurations through maps. The other component of this study consists of textual analysis of the sources. We seek to identify elements in the texts that are based on native sources. At the same time, we will point out some characteristics in the order and grouping in which the towns are mentioned in the documentation, since these characteristics may be in direct relation with the native territoriality and the instrument used to record this type of information, the quipu.

In the early modern period, writers often explored distant lands like Asia and the Americas without traveling. Italian Jesuit Daniello Bartoli (1608-85) was one such ‘armchair traveler.’ He wrote about missionary activities, describing remote countries he never visited. This article examines his portrayal of China in "Della geografia trasportata al morale" ("Geography as a Moral Guide," 1664).
In this book, Bartoli uses geographical locations as opportunities to give moral lessons to his readers. He describes the Chinese empire enthusiastically but criticises its cultural blindness. Using China as a metaphor, he emphasises self-awareness and humility. The book concludes with a call to transform one’s home into a Holy Land, advocating for a minimalist, virtuous life.

Bu makale, Erzincan’ın doğusunda yer alan Çayırlı bölgesinin tarihi ve arkeolojik değerlerini ortaya koymak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Araştırmalar, bölgenin coğrafi özellikleri, tarihsel önemi ve bugüne kadar yeterince incelenmemiş olması nedeniyle başlatılmıştır.

This article has been prepared to reveal the historical and archaeological significance of the Çayırlı region, located in the eastern part of Erzincan. The research was initiated due to the region’s geographical features, historical importance, and the fact that it has not been sufficiently studied until now.

From the mid-seventeenth century onwards, Kasimbazar emerged as the English East India Company's (EIC) primary market for silk and its textiles. The region surrounding Kasimbazar was prolific in producing silk goods destined for export. Attracted by Bengal silk's substantial profitability, EIC's directors in London envisaged an expansion to regions with existing infrastructure capable of delivering high-quality raw silk and textiles. Subsequently, Mr. Streynsham Master was dispatched to Bengal as a special envoy to strategize this expansion. The establishment of the EIC's sixth factory at Malda directly resulted from this mission. However, the nascent years of the Malda settlement were fraught with challenges, leading company officials to perceive Malda as a subordinate to Hooghly and Kasimbazar with uncertain business potential. But, within two decades, consistent profits began to reshape this perception. Up until the key shifts in 1898 and 1899-EIC acquiring zamindary rights in Calcutta, establishing Fort William as the English headquarters, and the subsequent relocation of the subah capital from Dhaka to Murshidabad in 1706-interactions with local provincial rulers were mired in extortion and bribery. Nonetheless, the handsome profit margins painted a promising outlook for the EIC's future in the region. This paper delves into the initial 25 years after the Malda factory's inception. It evaluates the hurdles faced; the resolutions reached-whether through diplomacy or through petitions to distant Dhaka-the appointment of dadani merchants, the inclusion of pykers, and most notably, the trajectory of business growth and profits during this period.

Every challenge facing the world today has a history--in most cases, a very long one. These histories matter, not simply because we wish to understand the causes of a current problem but also because we wish to understand its trajectory. One's perspective on an issue is necessarily affected by one knowledge of its past, or pasts. For example, one is apt to consider “globalization” quite differently if the topic is viewed in the context of (a) current history (the past half-century),(b) modern history (the past two centuries), or (c) human ...

The Lushais maintained commercial contact with the surrounding plains traders in the eighteenth and nineteenth century The British administrators recognised the importance of trade and bazaar in relation with independent Lushai chiefs and to use them as a diplomatic tool to influence the behaviour of the Lushais. The British introduced riverine bazaars in the interiors of Lushai hills to satisfy Lushais' desire for tradable commodities; to facilitate the interests of plain merchants in a profitable rubber trade; and to provide security to their subjects within their territories The failure on the part of the Lushai chiefs to provide security to the marketplaces and resumption of raids in the British territories paved the way for the British to directly interfere in the Lushai affairs. This paper contradicts the Romantic notion of Lushai village communities being self-supporting and isolated autarchy and the notion of self-sufficiency of 'Indian village communities' as propagated in the nineteenth century.

During the Middle Ages, the metropolis of Bruges thrived through its oversea trade. A large tidal inlet-called Zwin-provided a navigable passage from the North Sea, through the wetlands, to the heart of the city. In the middle of the 16th century, the Eighty Years War (1568-1648) transformed the Zwin area from an axis of trade into a frontline of war. Of course, this had a profound impact on the environment. At the start of this sudden landscape transformation, painter-cartographer Pieter Pourbus portrayed the countryside of Bruges with a unique level of detail, accuracy and scale. Although this painted map is often used as an illustration, it has so far remained incomprehensibly understudied. Moreover, recent research has shown that the current landscape-historical narratives depicted in this part of the North Sea area are severely outdated. In order to fill these gaps and study this unique landscape through this unique painting, we will merge newly developed digital techniques from art history and geography (Digital Thematic Deconstruction), and complement this with a renewed archaeological and historical survey of the region. By unlocking the details of the painted map, we will make an invisible landscape reappear, and unveil the historical, archaeological and environmental records of this remarkable manmade landscape Introducing Bruges' medieval harbour landscape

Article type: Research Article In this study, the spatial-temporal distribution analysis of housing prices in District 5 of Tehran Municipality and the factors effective on it were investigated. To this end, the data related to housing buying and selling in this district in the years 2018, 2019, and 2020 were used to model the housing price. The results were obtained using GTWR method, which gave in a better measure compared to GWR and OLS methods. The adjusted coefficient of determination in OLS, GWR, and GTWR algorithms were found to be 0.759, 0.798, and 0.835, respectively. GTWR is a method that can model the spatial-temporal heterogeneities that exist in the housing price data. Based on the obtained results, the currency exchange rate (dollar to rial) has the highest effect on modeling housing prices. After that, the physical characteristics of housingsuch as its footage and ageare important in modeling housing prices. Finally, the access rate to urban servicessuch as distance to hospitals, sports centers, educational centers, religious sites, green space, highways, and urban public transportation stationscan improve the modeling of housing prices. The findings of this study show that using dollar-to-rial exchange rate as the independent variable, we can model the housing price with a proper precision.

Drawing on the history of human-elephant relationships in Brahmaputra uplands in precolonial, colonial, and contemporary periods, this article highlights at least long-standing two elephant management systems: the dominant power of each period with its corresponding war, imperialist, or conservation purposes and that of the local populations for whom elephants represent an essential part of their daily life and a source of livelihood, even though they simultaneously remain at the service of the dominant power. Through the ages, the local inhabitants' relationship with elephants has evolved, and the presence of these animals alongside human societies has shaped the culture, identity, and ecology of the region. In the six centuries of the Ahom kingdom, and the two centuries of British rule, local knowledge of elephants has always played a role in state policy, often by force. However, after independence, international norms of conservation have tended to remove human settlements from elephant habitats and exclude consideration of local knowledge of elephants, to the detriment of all parties. The interests and knowledge of local people need to be engaged if elephant populations are to survive. At the same time, exploring the extensive literature on the connection between humans and elephants could provides fresh perspectives on the region's history, social structures, and geopolitical significance between South and Southeast Asia.

Analisi della Regia Aeronautica nel periodo 1935-1943 e confronto con la Royal Air Force nel contesto della seconda guerra mondiale. Produzione industriale, strategie di impiego, mezzi aerei, innovazioni tecnico-militari italiane all'avanguardia poco conosciute. Netta superiorità dell'aviazione italiana nei confronti di quella britannica su tutto il Mediterraneo, Medio Oriente e Africa Orientale Italiana-Corno d'Africa. Confronto fra i velivoli italiani-britannici con i Macchi ed i Reggiane fra i migliori mezzi realizzati. Mancato impiego dei reparti aerosiluranti nonostante la loro positiva soluzione tecnico-militare.

A region as geographical units is a historical construction whose boundary is defined and redefined by the contemporary political and culture condition. Our delineation of region depends on our perspective on the history. It is to be noted that, during the seventeenth and first half of the eighteenth century, we know that the geographical limits of subha was often the exceeded area now presently covered by East Bengal or Bengladesh and the Indian state West Bengal. And also we noted that, during the contemporary time period, a flourishing textile industry, urbanization and trade with the western Gangetic plains, and also IndaEuropean maritime trade. We see that seventeenth and first half of the eighteenth century, Company established trade relations with Bengal only after it had been operating elsewhere in the subcontinent for a period of nearly three decades. But once a beginning had been made, the growth of the Company 's trade in the region was remarkable rapid. During the la...

El análisis de los aspectos geográficos contenidos en las “Visitas” uno de los mecanismos de control administrativo más utilizados por la corona española en los territorios americanos, y en dónde aparecen el nombre de pueblos y demarcaciones políticas proporciona una nueva perspectiva de la organización territorial indígena. Por ello, en este trabajo se van a emplear los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) para intentar acercarnos a las lógicas territoriales de esa época a través de la cartografía, ya que las poblaciones y las toponimias que aún perduran son una huella importante de la organización del espacio en aquellos tiempos.
Además, se realizará un análisis textual de los documentos originales de esas visitas, buscando distinguir los elementos basados en fuentes indígenas, como es el caso de la forma de ordenar y agrupar los pueblos, relacionándolos a la territorialidad indígena y al instrumento en que se registraba ese tipo de información, los denominados “Quipus”.
The analysis of the geographical aspects contained in the Visitas towns and political demarcations provides a new perspective of the native territorial organization. The surviving towns and place names are important evidence of the spatial organization. Our analysis uses geographic information systems (GIS) to investigate territorial configurations through maps. The other component of this study consists of textual analysis of the sources. We seek to identify elements in the texts that are based on native sources.
At the same time, we will point out some characteristics in the order and grouping in which the towns are mentioned in the documentation, since these characteristics may be in direct relation with the native territoriality and the instrument used to record this type of information, the quipu.

Il saggio esamina le trasformazioni delle infrastrutture marittime e fluviali del Regno d’Italia durante il quadriennio della Grande Guerra, compiute dalla Regia Marina e dal Genio militare, in collaborazione con il Genio civile, per migliorare le condizioni di porti, basi navali e linee navigabili interne. L’analisi riguarda le operazioni sia sul versante adriatico, che su quello tirrenico, partendo da un quadro generale della difesa delle coste già dalla fine del XIX secolo. Le operazioni eseguite durante la guerra riguardarono la fortificazione delle coste (Venezia e i porti della Laguna, Porto Corsini, Ancona, Varano, Brindisi, Taranto, Otranto, Augusta, Napoli e Spezia) e l’ampliamento delle linee di navigazione interna che mettevano in comunicazione la piazzaforte di Venezia, da una parte con le industrie dell’entroterra e con il Po (linea navigabile Milano-Venezia), dall’altra con l’Isonzo per raggiungere e difendere le zone di frontiera.
Lo studio (condotto in collaborazione scientifica tra l’Ufficio dello Stato maggiore della Marina e il Dipartimento di Storia, disegno e restauro dell’architettura de “La Sapienza” Università di Roma) affronta, sulla base della documentazione conservata presso l'Ufficio storico della Marina Militare e presso l'Archivio centrale dello Stato, le operazioni condotte durante la Grande Guerra dal Ministero della Guerra, in sinergia con quelli della Marina e dei Lavori Pubblici, mettendo in evidenza le dinamiche storico-politiche che portarono alla trasformazione radicale del territorio della penisola.

In epoca moderna non è difficile individuare una minoranza di italiani di un costume diverso, quasi estranei al Paese, basterebbe guardare i numeri dei volontari che animarono il Risorgimento, gli aperti oppositori al fascismo, i partigiani combattenti, intraprendenti imprenditori o ricercatori. Diversi rispetto ad una maggioranza diffidente delle azioni cooperative, ripiegata in attesa di tempi migliori.
Val la pena di ricordare una figura di quella schiera dai numeri contenuti: Nino Bixio, nel bene e nel male una personalità diversa per coraggio, sei volte ferito in battaglia, per generosità di ideali. Non certo un santo dato che era affetto da una impulsività che lo portò a compiere azioni biasimevoli. Il suo comportamento di combattente del Risorgimento è noto, ma ci sono altri aspetti della sua storia ignorati dai più e sui quali vale la pena soffermarsi.

Tra i possibili scenari futuri del Mar Rosso vi  è, al momento in cui la tensione sarà diminuita, la creazione di corridoi di transito sicuri, garantiti dai Paesi costieri. In questo modo si darebbe un senso compiuto al principio di libertà di transito nel Canale di Suez, di fatto limitato e negato dai rischi esistenti negli spazi marittimi a sud. Yemen e Gibuti dovrebbero in particolare neutralizzare il passaggio attraverso Bab el Mandeb, secondo un vecchio progetto dell'Ammiraglio francese Henry Labrousse

Forse non c'è miglior modo per valorizzare la biblioteca e l'archivio di Lucio Gambi, appena riordinati alla Biblioteca Classense grazie alla cura e all'amore di Donatino Domini, se non lavorare Per una nuova storia della geografia in Italia: con questo titolo il CISGE ha organizzato a Ravenna le intense giornate di studio del 10 e 11 giugno scorsi. Sono stati certamente conformi a questo percorso i risultati dei due gruppi di contributi ordinati per «studi di area» 1 , di grande efficacia dimostrativa, ma sarà altrettanto interessante verificare alla pubblicazione degli «atti» se i confronti con la più ampia costellazione di approcci offerta dal programma siano stati davvero proficui. A Ravenna è stato riservato lungo tempo per le discussioni: informali, serrate, veramente seminariali, che hanno rivelato una diffusa attenzione (ma in un pubblico selezionato non avverso al discorso storico) per la proposta di una «nuova» storia della geografia (NSG) come delineata nel documento predisposto dal comitato scientifico e a sua volta derivato da un dibattito preliminare a più voci 2. Questo metodo di lavoro e i primi risultati dovrebbero ora confrontarsi con più ampi settori della ricerca geografica e storica rimasti ad oggi egualmente insensibili all'eredità del lavoro scientifico di Gambi. Quasi in proseguimento della discussione avuta alla Classense sono fissati qui alcuni spunti, assolutamente non completi e non troppo collegati, effetto di una reazione del tutto personale al dibattito. Un tentativo che rischierà di sembrare supponente poiché è messo in atto senza che ci si sia veramente occupati di storia 1 Organizzati da Paola Sereno e da Francesco Micelli, sono stati dedicati rispettivamente alla ricostruzione del milieu che ha alimentato e seguito la precoce (1857) istituzionalizzazione della geografia nell'Ateneo torinese e ai percorsi della geografia «friulana» tra Otto-e Novecento.

La geografia scientifica in Italia nel corso dell'ultimo secolo: un'interpretazione 1 1. Premessa: una metodologia espositiva Ilpresentesaggiomira-nell'otticadicostituireuna«strutturadiservizio»perunveroepropriodiscorsosulladidatticadisciplinaregeografica 2-a riesaminare le proposizioni fondamentali che hanno avuto luogo nell'ambito della geografia italiana nel corso dell'ultimo secolo, alla luce del dibattito internazionale. non mancano sul tema qui trattato saggi di vario genere e ampiezza, anche alla scala italiana; e non mancano neppure digressioni anche ampie all'interno di testi che non hanno la finalità primaria di ragionare di teoria e storia della geografia: come qualche manuale universitario di geografia istituzionale 3. e tuttavia riteniamo che l'occasione che ci è data da questo convegno, di esporre le nostre idee sull'argomento, sia utile per produrre una ricostruzione che non ricalca propriamente le orme di alcuna delle ricostruzioni esistenti, e dunque configura un discorso nuovo. ci sentiamo di affermare ciò, in quanto abbiamo inteso distillare in questa sede il frutto di riflessioni che veniamo conducendo in margine alla nostra ricerca e didattica, da un tempo considerevole. il che non implica ovviamente che non siamo am

The nineteen chapters of the book are organized in four main parts; each dealing with the story of human societies on earth in the last 13, 000 years or so. Its very title: "Guns, Germs and Steel," appears to captures the essence of the book that economic and technological (especially military) advantages, and the animaldriven diseases (germs) introduced by Europeans enabled the latter to control and reshape a great portion of the world, particularly the Americas, Australia and Africa. Diamond maintains that such technological and economic differences and the immunity of West Eurasians to animal-born contagious diseases were initially brought by climatic and environmental differences among the human societies of the world. In other words, such initial advantages helped West Eurasians to develop at a much rapid pace which enabled them to conquer native populations in the Americas, Africa, Australia, and the Pacific Ocean.

Colonialism in South Asia is a complex matter spread over centuries, with issues of trade, power, and cultural exchange. From early encounters with various civilizations to the significant impact of European colonization, the region's history is a testament to resilience, struggle, and transformation. This paper delves into economic exploitation, cultural resistance, and the legacy of colonialism in the region. Examining language, education, architecture, and religion, it navigates the complexities of South Asia's past. From the era of the East India Company to the challenges of defining a post-colonial identity, this narrative provides a deep understanding of the historical forces that have shaped the diverse nations of South Asia. Introduction: Understanding the nuances of colonialism in South Asia is essential for comprehending the contemporary landscape. As we embark on this historical journey, it's crucial to recognize the impact of external forces on the rich tapestry of South Asian culture, society, and politics. Colonialism, as a term, encapsulates a complex interplay of power dynamics, cultural exchanges, and historical shifts that have left an enduring imprint on the region. It refers to the imposition of foreign authority, often accompanied by economic exploitation and cultural assimilation. In the context of South Asia, this manuscript delves into the transformative journey from early interactions with various civilizations to the profound impact of European colonization.

Since then we have applied some of the GIS tools to the study of the evolution of some Spanish landscapes between the 15 th and the 19 th centuries. By means of the georeferencing of the map images and the use of tools such as transparency and the geometric transformations, we have superposed the ancient maps and views to a composed map of the same areas of the First Series of the Mapa Topográfico Nacional 1:50.000 dating from the second half of the 19 th century. The conclusions show that the changes in the landscape involve not only the geographic elements, but also the land uses, the landmarks and the boundaries, as well as the road and the urban frames.

This charted the conversion of the dissolved Cistercian abbey into a house and successive alterations over four centuries until its partial demolition after 1923. Among its most striking features are two ambitious phases of late 17th-century building, the first by Sir Isaac Gibson, the second by William Winde with ceilings by the leading London plasterer Edward Gouge. Works of 1863-64 by William Eden Nesfield reflect an antiquarian reinterpretation of the site's medieval past.

Despite the enormous size and economic and scientific significance of the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra River, questions of where and what it was generated successive waves of dispute from the mid-eighteenth to early twentieth centuries. Geographical discovery in the eastern Himalayan borderlands neither entailed the application of fixed theories and techniques, nor resulted from consistent flows of information along established channels. Europeans instead understood the region's rivers in many different ways, influenced by sporadic deluges of data, competing forms of expertise, shifting imperatives of colonial political economy, unsettling encounters with various bodies of water, and heterogeneous Asian knowledge structures. Informants, infrastructures, and cosmologies of often-overlooked communities at imperial margins fundamentally reshaped European knowledge. Under these conditions, practitioners of spatial sciences came to thrive on the proliferation of models and objects of discovery rather than seeking definitive closure.