Economic Sociology

лектронный журнал «Экономическая социология» издаётся с 2000 г. Учредителями являются Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (с 2007 г.) и Вадим Валерьевич Радаев (главный редактор). Цель журнала -утверждать международные стандарты экономико-социологических исследований в России, представлять современные работы российских и зарубежных авторов в области экономической социологии, информировать профессиональное сообщество о новых актуальных публикациях и исследовательских проектах, а также вовлекать в профессиональное сообщество молодых коллег. Журнал представляет собой специализированное академическое издание. В нём публикуются материалы, отражающие современное состояние экономической социологии и способствующие развитию данной области в её современном понимании. В числе приоритетных тем: теоретические направления экономической социологии, социологические исследования рынков и организаций, социально-экономические стратегии индивидов и домашних хозяйств, неформальная экономика. Также публикуются тексты из смежных дисциплин -неоинституциональной экономической теории, антропологии, экономической психологии и других областей, которые могут представлять интерес для экономсоциологов. Журнал публикует пять номеров в год: в январе, марте, мае, сентябре и ноябре. Доступ ко всем номерам журнала постоянный, свободный и бесплатный по адресу: . Каждый номер содержится в едином файле (10-12 п. л. в PDF). Журнал входит в список ВАК России, индексируется в Российском индексе научного цитирования (РИНЦ), Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) из Web of Science Core Collection и Scopus. Требования к авторам изложены по адресу: . html В журнале применяется двойное анонимное рецензирование статей. Все материалы проходят через полный цикл редакторской обработки и корректуры. Плата с авторов журнала не взимается. Ускоренные сроки публикации статей не предусмотрены.

Insurance is a crucial institution whose socio-cultural improbability still
awaits a convincing explanation within the social sciences. In this article,
I explore the hypothesis that underlying this improbability is a dramatic
change in social structures that, between the 14th and 19th centuries,
gave rise to what we commonly refer to as ‘modern society’. More specifically, I deal with insurance as a form from two distinct yet complementary perspectives. On the one hand, I explore the structure of the insurance contract as a bilateral risk agreement and address the question of the unity of this difference. On the other hand, I explore the co-existence of functional equivalents of insurance in early modern society and propose a socio-evolutionary approach to explaining the success of insurance as a business based on actuarial calculations.

This article explores the evolutionary and sociocultural foundations of human morality through an interdisciplinary neurosociological framework. It defends the thesis that the capacity for moral judgment is a biologically evolved feature of Homo sapiens, rooted in emotional mechanisms shaped by natural selection.

This article develops a neurosociological decision-making model integrating economic sociology, social neuroscience, and Dual-Process cognitive theories. It challenges Rational Choice Theory (RCT) from neoclassical economics by arguing that rational behavior cannot be reduced to utility maximization based on stable preferences and perfect information. Drawing on economic sociology critiques, the paper highlights the social embeddedness of economic action, the constitutive role of cultural norms, and institutional influences. Behavioral economics and social neuroscience findings further demonstrate that emotions are central, not peripheral, to decision-making. The framework builds on Dual-Process models-distinguishing fast, intuitive (System 1) from slow, deliberative (System 2) processes-and extends them by including socially and culturally acquired knowledge. Central to the model is conation, defined as the neurocognitive capacity for adaptive, goal-directed action amid emotional and contextual complexity. Rationality is reconceptualized as a dynamic, contextdependent process arising from the interaction of neural mechanisms and socio-cultural environments. The article proposes three testable hypotheses linking neural activity patterns to moral and rational evaluations across social contexts. By integrating cognitive neuroscience with sociological theory, it establishes a theoretical and methodological foundation for neurosociology and offers a multidisciplinary approach to understanding the cognitive architecture of moral and economic behavior.

Au moment de remettre le résultat d'un travail long de sept années, je ne peux m'empêcher d'avoir une pensée émue autant que nostalgique pour les maîtres qui m'ont formé et qui ne sont plus de ce monde. Je pense d'abord à Marcel Vigreux, qui m'a accueilli lors de mon entrée à l'Université de Dijon et qui entreprit la lourde tâche d'inculquer la rigueur scientifique au « bachelier de 68 » que j'étais… Ma seconde pensée va à François Caron, qui fut mon maître en Licence et Maîtrise, un modèle à mes yeux de curiosité intellectuelle et de respect des idées des autres. En même temps qu'il me transmettait le goût de la recherche, il me faisait comprendre que là était peut-être ma vocation. Bien des années après, lorsque j'ai finalement entrepris ce travail, j'ai eu l'impression de lui apporter tardivement une réponse. Entre-temps, j'avais fait la rencontre de Pierre Lévêque, comme professeur lorsque je préparais les concours, mais surtout comme citoyen engagé. Au long des décennies, nous avons gardé le contact de loin en loin, dans nos activités professionnelles et sociales, et j'avais eu le plaisir d'échanger avec lui lorsque je commençais mes recherches. Mais je n'aurais jamais entrepris ce projet au long cours, à l'âge où on pense généralement à des activités moins prenantes, sans l'amitié exigeante de Jean Vigreux. C'est lui qui a su m'en donner l'ambition, et surtout me persuader que j'étais capable d'aller jusqu'à son terme. Tout au long du chemin, il s'est montré constamment disponible à mes demandes d'information ou de conseils méthodologiques, tout en me guidant dans l'entrelacs des sources archivistiques et documentaires. Qu'il en soit ici vivement remercié. Je goûte beaucoup la plaisante ironie d'achever en compagnie du fils le chemin jadis emprunté avec le père… C'est également le moment de remercier les personnes qui, à un moment ou un autre, m'ont aidé dans mes recherches. J'ai d'abord pu bénéficier de l'attention des personnels des Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, où j'ai passé tant de journées. Le même accueil courtois m'a été réservé aux Archives municipales de Beaune. Thomas Thévenin, professeur de Géographie à l'Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, a bien voulu me recevoir pour évoquer l'histoire du réseau de chemin de fer dans la région et m'a fourni de précieuses données historiques et géographiques. Il en a été de même avec Florian Humbert, de l'Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin. Il m'a fait bénéficier de son expertise dans le domaine des Systèmes d'Information Géographique appliqués à l'histoire, et m'a généreusement offert les données dont il disposait. Un travail au long cours comme celui-ci, à l'échelle d'un individu, emplit ses journées, occupe son esprit… au point qu'il est tenté trop fréquemment d'en partager les joies et les peines avec son entourage. C'est dire que je n'aurais pu le mener à bien sans les constants encouragements de ma compagne, Anne. Mieux que personne, elle avait compris l'importance qu'il revêtait à mes yeux. J'ai profité également du regard bienveillant et amusé de mes enfants, Stéphane et Florent. Que tous soient ici vivement remerciés. À l'heure où je termine ces lignes, ma petite-fille, Zélie, vient de faire son entrée. Je peux désormais, l'esprit dégagé, me tourner vers d'autres plaisirs. « NOLAY, 10 août. La vigne est très belle dans les forts terrains, la feuille est très verte, et la grume plus égale qu'en 1858. Dans les terrains légers, la Vigne souffre notamment depuis quatre à cinq jours ; la grappe, énervée par la chaleur, pend entraînée par le poids du grain. Malgré cet état de souffrance, la grume bleuit, et la pluie peut encore tout réparer si elle tombe ces jours-ci, comme le temps nous le fait espérer (…) Nous ajouterons à ces renseignements qu'à Nolay et dans les environs la récolte de 1858 a donnné en vin de gamay environ 54 hect. à l'hectare, c'est-à-dire la pièce de 228 litres par ouvrée de 4 ares 28 centiares, et en bon vin 27 hectolitres à l 'hectare. La récolte de 1857 avait été la moitié de la précédente ; cette dernière est considérée comme pouvant servir de moyenne » C. Ladrey, La Bourgogne revue oenologique et viticole, Dijon Antoine Maitre Libraire Eidteur, 1859, p. 507. « Monsieur le Sous-Préfet, […] L'invasion du phylloxéra dans le territoire de Cirey-les-Nolay remonte à environ 10 ans. Depuis 1878 en effet, un propriétaire remarquait un dépérissement de végétation que l'on attribua d'abord au défaut d'une bonne culture. Mais en 1882, la tache gagnant les vignes voisines, il fallut bien se rendre à l'évidence et reconnaitre la véritable cause du mal : le phylloxéra. Toutefois la nature du sol argilo-calcaire et le climat froid de notre région firent que pendant ces 5 dernières années, la marche du fléau fut fort lente. Mais l'année 1887 a été tellement favorable au développement du mal, que dès aujourd'hui on pense prévoir, par les nombreuses taches qui existent un peu partout, qu'une bonne partie de nos vignobles sont sérieusement menacés. [...] Le maire de Cirey-les-Nolay, lettre au sous-préfet de l'arrondissement de Beaune, octobre 1887 Le monde de la vigne dans la région de Nolay de la fin du XVIIIème à la veille de la Grande guerre Table des matières Table des matières (pages I-IV) Introduction (pages 1-26) Première partie : La région de Nolay à la fin du XVIIIème siècle Chapitre I : Peuplement et dynamiques démographiques (pages 27-41) A -La viticulture : une culture « peuplante » ……………………………………………... 27 B -Une démographie d'Ancien régime …………………………………………………... 28 C -Vers la transition démographique ? …………………………………………………… 35 D -La population active …………………………………………………………………... Chapitre II : Vigne et viticulture en 1789 (pages 42-76) A -La vigne et son emprise spatiale à la fin de l'Ancien Régime …………………………… 42 B -La viticulture bourguignonne : une activité immuable ? ……………………………... 59 C -Les aléas de la production et des prix ………………………………………………… 71 Chapitre III : Une région en voie de spécialisation (pages 77-105) A -Des progrès dans la vinification et la conservation des vins ………………………….. B -Une révolution des transports au XVIIIe siècle ? ………………………………………81 C -Naissance et essor du négoce des vins de Bourgogne ………………………………… 90 D -L'émergence des crus en Côte de Beaune …………………………………………… 104 Chapitre IV : Propriété foncière et modes d'exploitation à la veille de la Révolution (pages 106-140

Bu dersin temel amacı, öğrencilere sosyal bilimlerin doğasını, temel kavramlarını ve araştırma yöntemlerini tanıtmak; toplumsal, siyasal, ekonomik ve kültürel olguları disiplinlerarası bir bakış açısıyla analiz edebilme becerisi kazandırmaktır. Ders, öğrencilere farklı sosyal bilim disiplinlerini (sosyoloji, siyaset bilimi, iktisat, antropoloji, ilahiyat, uluslararası ilişkiler) karşılaştırmalı olarak tanıtmayı ve bu disiplinlerin güncel toplumsal sorunlara yaklaşımlarını incelemeyi hedefler. Böylece öğrencilerin yalnızca kuramsal bilgi edinmeleri değil, aynı zamanda analitik düşünme, eleştirel sorgulama ve çok yönlü değerlendirme becerileri geliştirmeleri amaçlanmaktadır.

Potential of Personal Income Tax in Bangladesh v Revenue mobilisation in Bangladesh has not been commensurate with its rapid economic growth. It is often regarded that, income tax evasion is high in Bangladesh, which undermines income equality and development finance. The present study seeks to create favourable policy space towards extracting untapped domestic resources through enhancing the efficiency of the tax administration with new information and analysis. To this end, the study estimates the potential of personal income tax in Bangladesh, based on successive rounds of Household Income and Expenditure Surveys conducted by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Furthermore, based on a nationwide perception survey conducted in 2018, this study attempts to identify the key determinants of public compliance regarding tax submission, including networks, societal norms, scope of punishment and enforcement on individuals' tax compliance behaviour.

Institutet för arbetsmarknads-och utbildningspolitisk utvärdering (IFAU) är ett forskningsinstitut under Arbetsmarknadsdepartementet med säte i Uppsala. IFAU ska främja, stödja och genomföra vetenskapliga utvärderingar. Uppdraget omfattar: effekter av arbetsmarknads-och utbildningspolitik, arbetsmarknadens funktionssätt och arbetsmarknadseffekter av socialförsäkringen. IFAU ska även sprida sina resultat så att de blir tillgängliga för olika intressenter i Sverige och utomlands. IFAU delar även ut forskningsbidrag till projekt som rör forskning inom dess verksamhetsområden. Forskningsbidragen delas ut en gång per år och sista dag för ansökan är den 1 oktober. Eftersom forskarna vid IFAU till övervägande del är nationalekonomer, ser vi gärna att forskare från andra discipliner ansöker om forskningsbidrag. IFAU leds av en generaldirektör. Vid institutet finns ett vetenskapligt råd bestående av en ordförande, institutets chef och fem andra ledamöter. Det vetenskapliga rådet har bl.a. som uppgift att lämna förslag till beslut vid beviljandet av forskningsbidrag. Till institutet är även en referensgrupp knuten där arbetsgivar-och arbetstagarsidan samt berörda departement och myndigheter finns representerade. Rapporterna finns även i tryckt format. Du kan beställa de tryckta rapporterna via telefon eller mejl. Se nedanstående kontaktinformation.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer a futuristic concept confined to technology companies; it has steadily become a transformative force across industries, and the insurance sector is one of the most promising beneficiaries. Within insurance, actuarial pricing has historically relied on mathematical models, statistical techniques, and large but structured datasets to determine premiums and manage risk. However, with the explosion of data and advances in AI, actuarial pricing is undergoing a revolution. In this article, we will explore how AI is reshaping actuarial pricing in the life insurance sector, the opportunities it presents, the challenges that must be overcome, and what the future holds for actuaries working alongside AI.

Las plataformas digitales revolucionaron la economía global, generando nuevas formas de empleo, pero también impulsando la flexibilización y precarización laboral. Este ensayo analiza este fenómeno a través de las perspectivas teóricas de Marx, Durkheim, Weber y Parsons. Marx sostendría que estas plataformas explotan a los trabajadores al apropiarse del excedente de valor que generan, resultando en bajos salarios y falta de seguridad laboral. Además, vería la labor digital como alienante, desconectando a los trabajadores de los frutos de su trabajo y de sus colegas. Durkheim, observaría en las plataformas digitales un escenario de especialización laboral, pero se preocuparía por la escasa solidaridad social, ya que los trabajadores a menudo operan de manera aislada. Weber, a través de su concepto de racionalización, percibiría las plataformas digitales como ejemplos de la descomposición de tareas para maximizar la eficiencia, aunque también señalaría la despersonalización y la falta de sentido en dicho trabajo. Parsons, explicaría desde la teoría del sistema social, a las plataformas digitales como subsistemas en la sociedad y cuestionaría si cumplen adecuadamente su función de integrar a los individuos en el sistema social global. Como conclusión, las plataformas digitales plantean complejos desafíos en el ámbito laboral y social. Estas perspectivas teóricas contribuyen a la comprensión de ciertos aspectos, resulta claro que se requieren nuevas teorías y enfoques para abordar plenamente los desafíos únicos que presentan estas plataformas. Estas transformaciones no solo impactan la forma en que se reproduce el trabajo, sino también la manera en que se vive y se desarrollan las relaciones, lo que demanda un análisis profundo y crítico desde múltiples perspectivas teóricas.

La Agroecología representa un campo de conocimiento en constante desarrollo en el cual se encuentran involucrados conocimientos científicos de distintas disciplinas, incluyendo al mismo tiempo prácticas sociales y culturales influidas por aspectos filosóficos y éticos. Entre dichas prácticas, la Agricultura Biodinámica comparte rasgos comunes respecto a su inserción en el movimiento ecologista, aunque no queda claro si hay coincidencia en sus bases conceptuales y epistemológicas. En este trabajo se presenta el análisis de un calendario biodinámico desde un punto de vista científico con el fin de aportar a la controversia acerca de la relación entre Agroecología y Biodinámica. Los resultados evidencian la presencia de datos astronómicamente correctos junto con inferencias lógicamente no válidas o insuficientemente fundamentadas. Esto parecería encuadrar a la Biodinámica como un sistema de creencias de valor social y cultural, atravesada por ciertas ideas de escasa validez científica.

Il sistema economico di uno Stato dipende da diversi fattori, come le sue condizioni geo grafiche, climatiche e ambientali, la disponibilità di risorse naturali, di capitali da investire, di strutture, infrastrutture, la sua crescita demografica ecc., ma soprattutto dalle scelte politiche ed economiche effettuate da chi governa il Paese. Per tali ragioni, nella realtà, esistono diversi tipi di sistemi economici, con caratteristiche tra loro molto differenti.

Настоящий аналитический отчет подготовлен по результатам двух
экспертных фокус-групп, проведенных в рамках исследования
актуальных вызовов социально-экономического и институционального
развития Казахстана. Цель исследования – выявить экспертные оценки
состояния экономики, эффективности государственных программ и
инициатив, зафиксировать восприятие перспектив стратегического
развития страны.
В работе приняли участие две экспертные группы: первая
объединила представителей бизнеса, предпринимателей,
консультантов и журналистов, акцентировавших внимание на
повседневных проблемах и практическом опыте. Вторая включала
исследователей, аналитиков, представителей промышленности и
стратегических советников, предложивших системный взгляд на
институциональные изменения и новые драйверы развития.

O objetivo deste artigo é entender como a medicalização da morte, isto é, a transformação da morte em um evento institucionalizado segundo o modelo da medicina de morte e doença, interfere na organização social da morte no Brasil atual. Nesse artigo, tiramos dois exemplos de saberes e práticas técnicos relativos à essa medicalização. O primeiro foi o discurso organizado pelo Estado brasileiro e seus agentes sobre o preenchimento da Declaração de óbito e como ele implicitamente separa doença, lesão e morte de seu fundo social. O segundo foram os discursos dos trabalhadores no Instituto Médico-Legal e nos laboratórios de tanatopraxia e como eles se se aproximam (ou se afastam) da linguagem oficial. Queremos mostrar como a morte enquanto um objeto de pesquisa não é uma "coisa" separada e independente dos elementos sociais que lhe dão visibilidade.

Some people hold that the 20th century’s Cold War was effectively between two supersystems, named ‘capitalism’ and ‘socialism’ and that the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Soviet Union signified a practical and theoretical victory of one over the other. Others insist that democracy was present in various ways in both systems and suggest that the world financial crisis of 2007-2008 and current turbulent situation are making us rethink how ‘victorious’ one system actually was over the other and whether or not a better balance can be found between two extremes. This paper seeks a middle way by exploring the possibility of finding harmony between ‘Eastern’ and ‘Western’ ideas of democracy in the areas of politics, ideology and economics. It reviews recent works by two scholars, one from China, the other from Russia, and compares their observations as well as possible solutions they suggest at both the national and international levels. It focuses on the ‘institutional matrix’...

El capítulo aborda el caso de Argentina, observando que la conformación del Estado y la configuración de proyectos antagónicos en disputa por la hegemonía están íntimamente atravesadas por la dinámica internacional, aunque no pueden reducirse a ella, y donde encontramos una relevancia analítica de las crisis y sus impactos. Como dijera Gramsci en sus Cuadernos de la Cárcel, “el desarrollo del capitalismo ha sido una ‘crisis continua’”, por lo que identificar, definir y caracterizarlas crisis constituye un desafío y una necesidad para poder comprender cómo, entrelazadas con los cambios en las relaciones de fuerzas, se van estableciendo puntos de inflexión en cuya resolución se juegan los escenarios futuros de las sociedades. Nos proponemos organizar el estudio en diversos apartados. En un primer momento, desarrollaremos el enfoque teórico en relación con el Estado, la construcción de hegemonía y la conceptualización de las crisis. A partir de ello, en segundo lugar, abordaremos esos tres ejes analíticos con el fin de delinear el contexto internacional y proponer una periodización para analizar luego el caso de Argentina en el siglo XXI. Allí, reflexionaremos acerca de la disputa de proyectos, tanto en su plano político y económico como ideológico y cultural, con la configuración del patrón neodesarrollista y la hegemonía populista bajo el kirchnerismo. Luego, abordaremos el proceso de restauración neoliberal que alcanzó la conducción del Estado a fines de 2015 con el triunfo de Macri y la coalición Cambiemos. Finalmente, indagaremos algunas claves del frustrado retorno popular bajo el gobierno de Alberto Fernández y cómo se fueron gestando las condiciones para el avance de la ultraderecha, la cual portando una versión radicalizada del proyecto neoliberal bajo el cariz ideológico libertario se alzó con el gobierno en 2023.

défendant une oeuvre (film, musique, …) contre la redistribution illégale. Elles sont plus connues sous le terme anglais DRM, Digital Right Management system. Les MTP sont au coeur d'un décor socio-économique et juridique assez dense. Beaucoup d'acteurs sont présents : fournisseurs de contenu, distributeurs, fournisseur de technologie et consommateurs. Les modes d'expression sont normatifs (normes de fait ou standards internationaux). Les scénarios types envisagés sont le stockage, la consommation, la transmission ou la production des oeuvres. Commençons par un avertissement : je ne suis pas juriste, ce qui suit est l'interprétation par un technicien du cadre juridique autour des MTP. Les oeuvres sont protégées par les lois sur la propriété littéraire et artistique incluse dans le Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle, CPI. Très schématiquement, deux concepts fondamentaux y sont décrits : le droit d'auteur et les droits voisins. Le droit d'auteur est un droit moral, c'est-à-dire un droit de l'homme, qui est ici l'auteur. Ce droit défend la paternité de l'oeuvre et son contrôle par l'auteur. Ce droit est incessible et imprescriptible (i.e. sans fin). Les droits voisins sont des droits patrimoniaux, c'est-à-dire des droits des biens défendant les intérêts financiers de l'auteur mais aussi des producteurs, promoteurs, éditeurs (i.e. les voisins) de l'oeuvre. Les MTP visent surtout à restreindre la distribution illégale, ils sont donc relatifs aux droits voisins.

The purpose of this paper is to show how state plays a regulatory role in the relations of distribution by analyzing tax and expenditure in Turkey. This paper has two main arguments. First, state intervenes in economic and social life via budget policies and steers the relations of distribution within the scope of the reproduction of the capital accumulation and legitimacy. Secondly, a great amount of public expenditure benefits capital owners while state gains its tax income mainly from low and middle income groups.

The contribution of fish farming is relatively low in the national consumption of fish products. Yet the country has a significant socio-natural potential, which well valued can reduce fish imports and enhance food security. This study, based on a survey conducted in the two main areas of extensive fish farming (Central West and Southwest), was to analyze the technical and socioeconomic determinants of family fish farming to support the dynamic development of this activity. The results showed that 98% of fish farmers are men of 51 to 60 years old. Most of them are illiterate practicing agriculture as their main activity. Farming infrastructure are usually composed of dams ponds (90%) of 0.25-1.5 ha, and ponds of 0.1 ha. Water was provided either by river (95%) or groundwater (5%). On average most farms are of mall size (3 ha) and were acquired by purchasing lands. Fish farmers mainly practiced mixed farming of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Heterotis (Heterotis niloticus). In 60% of the cases, fish farming is associated with rice cultivation practiced in the shallows. Fish were mainly fed with rice bran. An important number of farmers (72%) practiced sexing of in order to improve their yields. Furthermore, 60% of them have a lower production to 6 tons per year, and fish were old between 1500 and 2000 CFA (1 FCFA=0,0014 euros) per kg leading to an average annual income of less than 5 million CFA francs.

La collana Quaderni della Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini presenta i risultati delle attività di ricerca della Fondazione e approfondimenti sui temi che nel tempo sono diventati il centro della sua attività culturale: occupazione, sviluppo locale, valutazione di politiche pubbliche, poliche sociali, pari opportunità, storia. Presidente di Federmanagement, federazione italiana di associazioni di manager ed esperti di professione che operano all'interno di ogni tipo di organizzazione complessa in ogni campo funzionale, è un esperto di gestione di risorse umane. Si occupa di politiche pubbliche come consulente e saggista indipendente. I suoi ambiti di intervento sono lo sviluppo economico, la rigenerazione urbana, l'impresa, le competenze, la formazione e l'inclusione. Analista politica, consulente e formatrice sui temi del mercato del lavoro e dell'educazione, lavora per il Danish Technological Institute Centre for Policy and Business Analysis.

This paper shows a new optical visualisation of demand and supply based on the application of surfaces. The objective of initiating the demand and supply surfaces is to propose the application of multi-dimensional graphs among academics, economists and policy makers in the study of microeconomics and macroeconomics analyses in the short and long term. To create the demand and supply surfaces, this research suggests applying "the Infinity Cartesian space (I-Cartesian space)" (Ruiz 2006). In applying I-Cartesian space, the researcher is able to use the large number of Cartesian spaces offered in Econographicology 1 .

The study explored the intricate dynamics of the socioeconomic impact of sports betting on education and food security among youth in Aweil town, Northern Bahr El Ghazal State (NBeGs), South Sudan. The primary aim was to examine the socioeconomic impact of sports betting on education and food security among youth in Aweil Town. The objectives include examining the extent of youth involvement in sports betting and its underlying socioeconomic drivers, assessing the impact of sports betting on educational attainment and food security, exploring community perceptions and institutional responses to the effects of sports betting on youth's welfare and examining the relationship between sports betting and key socioeconomic outcomes. This research held significant value, offering insights into the socioeconomic impact of sports betting on education and food security among the youth. The findings are anticipated to contribute to the understanding of the socioeconomic impact of sports betting on education and food security. A case study descriptive methods approach was employed, encompassing surveys to gather quantitative data and interviews for qualitative insights. The study revealed an alarmingly high level of youth engagement in sports betting, with 90.6% of respondents. It also illustrated that sports betting has a notable impact on educational attainment (61.9%). Most respondents (62.5%) equally believe that sports betting has a positive impact on their lives. The study equally revealed a positive relationship between sports betting and socioeconomic outcomes among youth in Aweil town. The study concluded that sports betting is predominantly practised by young, unemployed males, with a significant portion having secondary-level education. Most respondents engaged in daily betting, mostly motivated by the desire for financial gains and as a coping mechanism against unemployment. While some respondents believe that betting offers positive outcomes mainly through the occasional financial wins, quantitative evidence suggests detrimental effects on educational attainment, food security, livelihoods, and overall financial well-being.

The production, validation, and use of knowledge are undergoing profound transformations in the age of Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI tools influence knowledge production in education, research, media, politics, consulting, advertising, and many more areas in every day live. In addition to that, AI is used to manage entire systems in medicine, traffic management, water supply, electricity industrial production, military and many more. Furthermore, to technical innovations accelerate in breathtaking pace. Nobody seems to know the current stage of technical development and application. From the viewpoints of sociology, political science, discourse studies, education studies and political economy, AI is reshaping social life in manyfold respects. Whereas traditional forms of knowledge production are relatively transparent in terms of sources, authorship, and methodology, AI-driven processes increasingly rely on opaque and often untraceable mechanisms. Different governments and competing economic areas like China, USA, Russia, and Europe are developing ways for regulating AI technology to control knowledge production, ideological manipulation and political as well as economic influence.

I use the metaphor "markets as politics" to create a sociological view of action in markets. I develop a conceptual view of the social institutions that comprise markets, discuss a sociological model of action in which market participants try to create stable worlds and find social solutions to competition, and discuss how markets and states are intimately linked. From these foundations, I generate propositions about how politics in markets work during various stages of market development-formation, stability, and transformation. At the formation of markets, when actors in firms are trying to create a status hierarchy that enforces noncompetitive forms of competition, political action resembles social movements. In stable markets, incumbent firms defend their positions against challengers and invaders. During periods of market transformation, invaders can reintroduce more fluid social-movement-like conditions.

As institutions and governance structures develop in modern markets, they tend to "feed back" onto economic activity. Through such feedback loops, market and political arenas can develop symbiotically into relatively coherent "fields" that gradually embed actors' orientations and activities. Using these insights, this article develops and tests a theory of European integration focusing on the case of the European Community, the first pillar of the European Union. Traders, organized interests, courts, and the EC's policy-making organs, over time, have produced a self-sustaining causal system that has driven the construction of the European market and polity. The generality of this explanation to a sociology of markets and polity-building projects is discussed in the conclusion.

In this article, our principal interest is in the meaning-making of local users as digital transactions platforms become more prevalent in the everyday exchange cultures of the Philippines. Revisiting Polanyi's concept of embeddedness, we present an ethnographic study showing how disparate communities in Metro Manila are adapting their transactional practices in line with transaction platform affordances. Highlighting the Filipino concept of 'abot kamay', we discuss how digital transactions are given meanings within established social and cultural norms that combine processes of remuneration, redistribution and reciprocity. Accordingly, this study seeks to demonstrate the dynamic interaction between cultural norms, social economies and digital technologies.

Widespread, precarious credit risk management and technoscientific, algorithmic expertise precipitating and exacerbating repeated crises remain taken-for-granted and virtually unaccountable. Conspicuous in the ratings space, this paper analyses how geometric-based (sovereign) 'debt sustainability analysis' (DSA) increasingly informs algorithmic/automated decision-making (ADM) fixed-income futurity financialization. An in-depth study of primary-source documentation and semi-structured interviews helps problematize the (neoliberal) political economy of creditworthiness (PEC). Deconstruction/reconstruction of credit rating agency (CRA) and investor hybrid 'default risk/uncertainty' DSA techno-managerial modalities reveals synergistic sociotechnical rating methods/modeling digitalization promotes 'business-as-usual'. Advancing business management scholarship through economic sociology, we document suspect geometrics-dominant ADM/AI 'expertocracy'-knowledge-based expert rule-(re)validation of the organizational conditions and broader market affinities embedding data imbalances: crisis-prone PEC. Technoscientific ratings constitute and reproduce an (artificial) 'inertia' and mutual (CRA/investor) mitigation effects buffering against serious contestation and reform. Unpacking S&P, Moody's, and Vanguard platforms, we study scores Passive/Active management facilitation in their operational contexts to better explain their analytical, organizational, and normative CRA correspondence. Financial AI machine learning (ML) reinforces (quant) ratings (reflexive) portfolio performance. Entrenching a tenuous (disinflationary) PEC referential/data infrastructure status quo, consequently, AI-ML amplifies global (corporate) expertocracy and national democracy asymmetries. Necessary for rebalanced alternatives, our scrutiny aids disturb seemingly 'self-systemic', 'self-regulating', digital-driven (neoliberal) capitalist agencement PEC dominance. Otherwise, increasingly, market instability, authoritarian populist backlash, and climate crises jeopardize ratings programmatic.

This paper analyses the controversies brought out by the announcement of the removal of dwellers of a slum located in a natural disaster risk area to a "popular condominium" of the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program in Rio de Janeiro. It aims primarily to understand the contradiction between the expansion of housing supply and the recent increase in the housing deficit. Thus, the core analysis focuses on the identification of the social problem in the world, in which the technical abstraction of "risk" depends on classifications of concrete situations: the so-called social enrolment. Investigating the disagreements unfolded between dwellers aiming to keep living in the slum and those willing to move to the apartments, this paper proposes a reflection on the dynamics of what I have coined liminal real estate market, a specific space-time configuration between the slum and the popular condominium.

ampliamente discutida en la literatura sobre actividades económicas, migraciones y asentamientos urbanos multiculturales. Aquí se pretende realizar un análisis sistemático de las diferentes aproximaciones teóricas y metodológicas, a fi n de contextualizar su evolución y problematizar el uso de ciertos términos propios del debate académico en torno a la economía étnica en el contexto de la ciudad global. El análisis se circunscribe en dos ejes: la relación entre economía formal e informal, y la naturaleza cambiante del espacio.

This report examines the drivers of the undeclared economy in Croatia, the current organisation of the fight against undeclared work, and reviews the current and potential policy approaches and measures for tackling undeclared work in Croatia. Drivers of the undeclared economy in Croatia Recently, significant advances have been made in explaining the determinants of undeclared work. To explain undeclared work, it has been understood that every society has institutions which prescribe, monitor and enforce the ‘rules of the game’ regarding what is socially acceptable. In all societies, these institutions are of two types: formal institutions that prescribe ‘state morality’ about what is socially acceptable (i.e., laws and regulations), and informal institutions which prescribe ‘citizen morality’ (i.e., socially shared rules, usually unwritten). Viewed from this institutional perspective, undeclared work is explained as arising when the failings of formal institutions lead to state morality being different to citizen morality. In the last few years, multiple studies have identified these formal institutional failings. Undeclared work is more prevalent when there is: lower GDP per capita; higher public sector corruption and lower quality governance; lower expenditure on labour market interventions to help the most vulnerable groups; lower social expenditure, and social transfer systems that are ineffective in reducing the level of inequality and severe material deprivation. To tackle the undeclared economy in Croatia, therefore, there will be a need to continue to: • improve the level of GDP per capita; • improve governance and reducing public sector corruption; • maintain and improve the levels of expenditure on labour market interventions to help the most vulnerable groups from its current low relatively base level; • persist with increasing social expenditure; and couple this with • developing more effective social transfer systems that reduce the levels of income inequality and levels of severe material deprivation in Croatian society. Besides addressing these structural determinants, there are many additional organisational and policy initiatives that can be also pursued to tackle the undeclared economy. Organisation of the fight against undeclared work: institutional framework Croatia has neither a single agency responsible for the fight against undeclared work, nor a central body responsible for ensuring coordinated action by the multifarious departments involved in tackling undeclared work. Instead, there is a more fragmented approach. Responsibility for tackling undeclared work is distributed across a range of institutions, with each taking responsibility for different segments of the undeclared economy. Whilst labour law violations are the responsibility of the Labour Inspectorate, tax non-compliance responsibility lies with the Ministry of Finance and social security and insurance fraud violations with the social insurance bodies. There is currently little coordination in the fight against undeclared work across the multifarious institutions in strategic, operational or data-sharing terms, and no common cross-cutting targets. The quality of governance, therefore, needs to be improved. A more coordinated response is required, which in part will be dealt with by the decision to establish a State Inspectorate in late 2017. The involvement of social partners in relation to tackling undeclared work remains relatively weak, with little involvement in decision making. Given that tackling undeclared work requires their participation, greater involvement of the social partners is recommended. Current policy approach and measures: an evaluation Croatia currently employs a relatively narrow deterrence approach and the policy measures heavily focus upon deterring participation in undeclared work by increasing the penalties and risks of detection. Little emphasis is put on improving the benefits of and incentives for declared work, or more indirect preventative tools, such as awareness raising campaigns and dealing with the imperfections and failings of formal institutions (e.g., by facilitating procedural and redistributive justice and fairness, and pursuing wider economic and social policies). There is therefore a need to shift away from such a heavy reliance on deterrence measures to the broader use of preventative incentives, as well as awareness raising and a focus upon targeting and tackling the major drivers of the undeclared economy.

En algún momento de 1990, en las instalaciones del Instituto de Economía Internacional (en Washington DC) un grupo selecto de representantes de organismos internacionales, multilaterales, miembros de las más eméritas comunidades académicas, y responsables de políticas (públicas y sociales ) de la región de ALfueron cimentando lo que se daría en llamar el consenso de Washington. John Williamson (1990) sostuvo así que "Washington" había alcanzado un consenso acerca de, al menos, diez instrumentos de política. El llamado consenso de Washington recomendaba, para salir de la crisis recesiva que sacudió los ochenta, algunas medidas de corte fiscal, muchas de liberalización económica, desregulación de mercados internos y des-estatización de sectores claves de las economías domésticas. 1 Durante la conferencia celebrada con los auspicios del BM en Montevideo en 1997 se destacó el rol determinante que tuvieron la aplicación (parcial) de los instrumentos de política del consenso de Washington para explicar el crecimiento económico producido en la región . Si con las aplicaciones de los instrumentos del consenso de Washington se esperaba reanudar el crecimiento económico, no era menos cierto que se esperaba una significativa disminución de los índices de pobreza, de inequidad y de exclusión

The study examined parental socioeconomic status as a correlate of students' academic performance in secondary schools in Oshimili Local government area of Delta state. Six research questions guided the study. The design adopted for the study was the descriptive survey. The study population comprised the one thousand three hundred and fifteen (1,315) teachers in the available thirteen (13) public secondary schools in Oshimili South Local Government Area of Delta State. The study used simple random sampling technique to select fifteen (15) teachers from each of the thirteen (13) secondary schools, making the sample size to be one hundred and ninety-five (195) teachers. The study used questionnaire as a medium to gather data from respondents. The weighted mean of 2.5 was used as the bench mark for assessing the instrument. Descriptive statistics and mean rating were used to analyse the data generated from the study. The outcome of the study revealed among others that, the extent to which parental income affect the academic performance of secondary school students is enormous and there are many strategies to ameliorate the influence of parental socioeconomic on the academic performance of secondary school students. Among the recommendations reached was that, advocate for policies at the local, state, and national levels that promote educational equity and address the root causes of socioeconomic disparities in academic performance should be done by the government.

This article investigates the emergence and diffusion of antipopulist mobilizations. Resembling the iconic image depicting a school of small fish chasing a big one, the Italian 6000 Sardine and the Finnish Silakkaliike (Herrings) emerged as two movements with antipopulist claims. Although the scholarship on populism is abundant, antipopulism remains mostly neglected, especially its mobilization from below. Drawing on extensive fieldwork including a groundedtheory approach applied to twenty-seven interviews with activists from these two movements, plus the analysis of offline and online organizational documents, this study shows the mechanisms-cognitive, affective and relational-of their national and crossnational diffusion, relating them to the opportunities of the context. Exploring the internal movement dynamics and actors' perceptions and motivations, this study also contributes to the conceptualization of antipopulism from below, defining the main characteristics and the ideological underpinnings of these two antipopulist movements.

Abstract:The aim of what follows is to give a straightforward account of Weber's work and philosophical position aimed at the non specialist. To begin I will discuss Weber’s background in Neo Kantian philosophy and methodology and his “dialogue” with Marx which leads up to the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism This is followed by a methodological discussion and a brief account of Weber’s Sociology of Religion. I conclude with an account of Weber on Politics and Social Stratification and the development of “Weberian Marxism”

Fecha de recepción:23.02.2021 / Fecha de aceptación: 11.06.2021 Tonos Digital, 41, 2021 (II) El artículo, empleando un método de interpretación apoyado por revisión documental, sostiene que, al tener en cuanta la intención, no es posible un discurso que sea simultáneamente político e irónico. Tiene cinco secciones: primera, un análisis de la postura que asume el empleo de la ironía en el discurso político; segunda, una semblanza del ironista y su presencia en política como problemática; tercera, la función o utilidad negativa y privada de la ironía y su impropiedad política; cuarta, tres modos 2 propios del discurso político que excluyen y reemplazan la ironía: la parrhesía, el cinismo y la posverdad; y concluye explicando la inadecuación política de la ironía.

The decentralized electronic currency system Bitcoin gives the possibility to execute transactions via direct communication between users, without the need to resort to third parties entrusted with legitimizing the concerned monetary value. In its current state of development -a recent, fast-changing, volatile and highly mediatized technology -the discourses that unfold within spaces of information and discussion related to Bitcoin can be analysed in light of their ability to produce at once the representations of value, the practices according to which it is transformed and evolves, and the devices allowing for its implementation. The literature on the system is a testament to how the Bitcoin debates do not merely spread, communicate and diffuse representation of this currency, but are closely intertwined with the practice of the money itself. By focusing its attention on a specific corpus, that of expert discourse, the article shows how, introducing and discussing a specific device, dynamic or operation as being in some way related to trust, this expert knowledge contributes to the very definition and shaping of this trust within the Bitcoin system -ultimately contributing to perform the shared definition of its value as a currency.

[Note: this joint paper was drafted by David Ong'olo for submission as an ILO Vocational Training Discussion paper. To my knowledge it was not completed (I was working on a different project when it was written). Handwritten comments on the text are, I think, by the ILO's Fred Fluitman.]

The need to create employment in Eastern Africa is widely recognised, as is the capacity of the informal sector to absorb school leavers and the unemployed at comparatively little cost. In the last few years, there has been growing realization in Kenya and Tanzania that if technical training is a prerequisite for self-employment, then the available formal sector training opportunities are too limited vis-à-vis the number of people who require technical training, and rather unfocused in terms of what is required for effective involvement in the informal sector (for the argument for Kenya's case see e.g. Yambo, 1991: 3). This has prompted the view that the time has come to initiate a concerted effort to enable the informal sector to develop the capability to satisfy its own training needs. This view was reinforced by the rediscovery of the fact that informal sector apprenticeship has indeed been in existence - albeit a low-key existence for a considerable length of time already (King, 1977; Williams, 1980; Chepkong'a, 1989).

However, the obvious evolution of thinking about the place of informal sector apprenticeship in human resource development has had a less than telling effect on the orientation of projects geared to informal sector training, most of which continue to presuppose a large dose of direct formal or "non-formal" sector intervention (Herschbach, 1989: 9-13; King, 1989: 27-35; Goodale, 1989: 58-66; McLaughlin, 1990:160-174). In other words, practice is yet to catch up with "theory". The informal sector certainly requires assistance - including training - from outside its "borders", However, it is important to distinguish training intended to secure the sector's self-sufficiency in terms of its evolving training needs, from training projects or programmes whose unintended consequence is to -stunt the sector's ability to train itself.

[continues]

Jasa perbankan sangat dibutuhkan oleh mayoritas masyarakat untuk memudahkan seluruh aktifitas ekonominya terutama untuk membantu pengembangan usaha atau bisnis. Salah satu jasa yang dilakukan oleh bank, baik bank konvesional maupun bank syariah yang sesuai dengan pencanangan program BI adalah pembayaran non tunai yang lebih dikenal dengan GNNT (Gerakan Nasional Non Tunai). GNNT ini merupakan salah satu cara untuk menjadikan sebuah Negara menjadi lebih maju. Indikasi dari penerimaaan pembayaran non tunai adalah adanya kecanggihan teknologi, pola pikir dan pola hidup masyarakat. Oleh karenanya, tulisan ini meneliti pandangan kiai Madura tentang program tersebut. Karena melihat kondisi sosialnya, pandangan kiai terhadap jasa perbankan terpolarisasi. Di sisi lain, seorang kiai adalah tokoh sentral yang memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap lingkungan masyarakatnya. Pandangan kiai madura terbagi dua: terhadap pembayaran non tunai pada bank konvensional dan bank syariah. Para pembayaran non tunai pada bank konvensional, pandangan kiai terbagi tiga: halal, haram dan syubhat. Sedang pada bank syariah, pandangan kiai terbagi menjadi dua: halal dan syubhat. Polarisasi pandangan itu sejalan dengan polarisasi tipe kiai, antara kiai salafiyah dan kiai inkulusif. Tapi secara umum, para kiai memberikan respon positif atas pendirian bank syariah.

Avaliação do Grau de Participação e do Nível de ... Satisfação dos Cafeicultores na Associação de Produtores de ... Evaluation of the Degree of Participation and of the Level of Satisfaction of the Coffee Producers in the Association of Coffee Producers of Grandes Rios, in Paraná

La révolution industrielle a représenté un changement significatif, non seulement dans la façon dont la richesse a été générée, mais aussi dans les relations sociales, l'organisation du temps, l'urbanisation, l'art, la religion et la morale. L'un des changements les plus radicaux a été l'émergence et la configuration d'une nouvelle classe sociale, qui n'existait pas jusque-là : la classe ouvrière. Plus que de simples travailleurs, cette main-d'oeuvre, du fait de l'enfermement dans des espaces restreints, urbains et productifs représentera une force de transformation sans précédent, surtout si l'on considère que l'Histoire jusque-là avait peu privilégié et étudié les bases de la pyramide sociale.

Ao abrir e estudar um dos classicos manuais de microeconomia amplamente utilizados nas mais diversas instituicoes de ensino, deparar-se-a o curioso em questao com uma serie de conceitos e modelos ortodoxos apresentando o homem como racional e totalmente maximizador, atuante em um mercado com perfeita disponibilidade de condicoes. Circula em Wall Street, por exemplo, um antigo ditado no qual se considera o mercado basicamente afetado por dois fatores pressipuos, apontados como o medo e a ganância, desconsiderando todos os demais fatores psicologicos que influenciam o humor dos agentes e consequentemente afetam o mesmo durante qualquer processo decisorio. Busca-se evidenciar o comportamento humano real, observavel na atuacao pratica dos agentes em suas decisoes cotidianas e de investimento. O que ha de real no Homo Economicus e o que ha de teorico ortodoxo no homem movido pelo espirito animal? Que fatores efetivamente influenciam e enviesam os agentes no momento decisorio? Como proced...

Интервью с Сарой Ашвин. Малый мир гендерных исследований в России Бердышева Е. С. Социальное конструирование качества на московском рынке стоматологических услуг Кламер А. Странная наука экономика: приглашение к разговору Богатырь Н. В. «Бюджет для граждан»: найти получателя Читайте в номере: Экономическая социология Т. 15. № 5. Ноябрь 2014 Электронный журнал www.ecsoc.msses.ru www.ecsoc.hse.ru