Historical Sociology

Анализируются украинские говоры на территории Воронежской области и осуществляется попытка уточнить их классификацию. Предыдущие классификации определяют границу между переселенческими полесскими и слобожанскими говорами довольно условно, в работах учёных эти границы могут не совпадать (например, у Ф.Т. Жилко и Г.Т. Солонской). В 2024 г. авторами настоящей статьи было проведено полевое исследование говоров в сёлах Колодежное, Сагуны, Большая Хвощеватка, Юдино и Костомарово Подгоренского района Воронежской области, основанных в XVIII в. Мы концентрируемся на описании говора села Юдино. Для установления зоны исходной миграции был выбран ряд следующих черт: рефлексация ударного *o в результате заменительного удлинения после падения «редуцированных», рефлексация *ě, формы gen. sg. f. указательных местоимений, окончание nom. sg. m. прилагательных, окончание nom. pl. прилагательных, варьирование форм типа знає ~ зна в 3. sg. praes. у глаголов III класса, а также распределение окончаний -е (хо́де) и -ить (сиди́ть) в зависимости от ударения в 3. sg. praes. у глаголов IV класса. Проведено сопоставление с лингвогеографическими данными Атласа украинского языка и определены населённые пункты с наибольшим совпадением по указанным чертам. Установлено, что прародину юдинского говора следует локализовать в районе Прилук, где распространены переходные говоры от восточнополесских к среднеднепровским. В воронежских говорах предлагается выделять три зоны: северные (полесские), южные (слобожанские) и центральные (генетически из переходной области в окрестностях Прилук).

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Κείμενο για τη συζήτηση που διοργάνωσε ο Δημήτρης Τρίκας (27 Σεπτεμβρίου 2025 / Ωδείο Αθηνών) με γενικό τίτλο: «Για την πόλη. Αρχιτεκτονική, πολεοδομία, αρχαιολογία, σύγχρονος πολιτισμός, ετεροτοπίες, κινήματα», και κεντρικό ερώτημα «τι πόλη θέλουμε;»

A number of works on the development of contemporary consumer culture have pointed to the new hedonistic directions taken by puritan morality in societies increasingly characterized by consumerism and promotional culture. Some, such as Chandra Mukerji, see a mixture of hedonism and asceticism as a characteristic of the kind of materialist culture that has fostered commercial modernity in Renaissance cities. Others, like Colin Campbell, consider that Romantic teachings, as developed from the late eighteenth century, have contributed to the birth of modern consumerism. Many others  consider that it is from the dawn of the twentieth century and increasingly after World War II that signals have become stronger. Chronological disputes notwithstanding, the notion of “tamed hedonism” has been proposed by Roberta Sassatelli to capture the hegemonic moral narrative of consumer capitalism in contemporary society, and in particular the flexible but essential compromises between hedonism and asceticism that consumers are required to manage.  She has drawn on classic and contemporary social theory, as well as history  of subjectivity, morality and emotions, to portray a fundamental framing of consumption that is variously accomplished in everyday life.

Στο δυστοπικό μυθιστόρημα του Κιμ Στάνλεϊ Ρόμπινσον (Kim Stanley Robinson) The Ministry for the Future, η κλιματική κρίση με την υπερθέρμανση του πλανήτη αναγκάζει τελικά την ανθρωπότητα, αν και με έναν ανορθόδοξο τρόπο, να αντιμετωπίσει την πλανητική ανισότητα. Με ένα λιγότερο αισιόδοξο τόνο, ο Αμερικανός κοινωνιολόγος Έρικ Όλιν Ράιτ (Erik Olin Wright, 2012) θεωρεί την κλιματική κρίση επιταχυντή της επικράτησης της επισφάλειας σε πλανητικό επίπεδο. Το αντικείμενο τoυ παρόντος κειμένου είναι η κρίση του κυρίαρχου προτύπου καπιταλιστικής συσσώρευσης, το οποίο σύμφωνα με την ανάλυση του Andreas Malm (2016) μπορεί να χαρακτηριστεί ως ο καπιταλισμός των ορυκτών καυσίμων / του άνθρακα (fossil capitalism). Πιο συγκεκριμένα, στόχος του κειμένου είναι να αναδείξει τις συνέπειες της κρίσης αυτής στα πολλαπλά πρόσωπα του κόσμου της εργασίας εν μέσω της συγκεκριμένης συγκυρίας της κλιματικής κρίσης, εν μέσω δηλαδή της προσπάθειας να αποτραπεί η επικίνδυνη, αν όχι απαγορευτική, αύξηση της θερμοκρασίας στη γη κατά 2 βαθμούς Κελσίου συγκριτικά με τη μέση θερμοκρασία κατά τις απαρχές της βιομηχανικής επανάστασης.

A cenografia como instrumento de criação cênica - imagens, lugares e ambientes - exige do profissional habilidades e competências que ultrapassam as barreiras histórica, geográfica e cultural. Assim ela é projetada e produzida em resposta às necessidades representativas, convencionando-se códigos próprios - visuais e espaciais. O aprofundamento teórico, ambiental, formal e visual da criação cênica possibilita a compreensão do espaço como catalizador construtivo dos sentidos humanos e a formação de nossa cultura visual.

Scenography as an instrument of scenic creation - images, places and environments - requires the professional to have skills and competencies that go beyond historical, geographical and cultural barriers. Thus it is designed and produced in response to representative needs, agreeing on its own codes - visual and spatial. The theoretical, environmental, formal and visual deepening of scenic creation enables the understanding of space as a constructive catalyst for the human senses and the formation of our visual culture.

Sultana's Dream by Rokeya is a portraiture of male-dominated British Bengal's psycho-societal mind where persistent oppression, repression, and dominance of men over women were normal scenarios. This paper attempts to explore the nature of the existing structure of British Bengal through document analysis to study whether and how Rokeya conducted a deconstruction of the social structure of British Bengal. Analyzing through the lens of Derrida's theory of deconstruction, the study drew the inferences that Rokeya deconstructed its upper and superstructure and reconstructed it fully as a visionary emancipator who finally created a utopian society where the basic custom of purdah has been boomeranged, men's establishment Zenana has broken down, Murdana, a new establishment against it, has been raised into which entire menfolk have been imprisoned, and women took power of both indoors and outdoors in the reconstructed land, calling it the Lady Land. The study is significant not only to reveal the novella's radical feminist potential but also to expose its internal contradictions which will contribute to the ongoing dialogues on societal gender construction and transformative futures.

Korkut Boratav, Tarihsel maddecilik ve Kapital Cilt III

Devrimci Marksizm Yayın Kurulu, Karaburun Bilim Kongresi'ndeki tartışmalara dair

Alp Yücel Kaya, “Bana yalan söylediler!” Tarihçilikte görünüş biçimleri ve özler

Sungur Savran, "Serhildana Kobanê"nin sahici tarihi

Mehmet Tevfik, Ortadoğu'da alametler birikirken Ürdün

Kurtar Tanyılmaz, Avrupa'da yeni bi Zeitenwende başlıyor

Michael Roberts, Modern Para Teorisi'nin sihirli değneği

Guglielmo Carchedi, Bilginin ontolojisi ve toplumsal boyutu İnternet kuantum zamanı

Volkan Sakarya, Hannah Arendt'in Karl Marx eleştirileri üzerine bir değerlendirme emek, siyaset ve felsefe üzerine

Sungur Savran, Usta ve Margarita ve Stalin ve Lenin ve Trotskiy

Devrimci Marksizm Yayın Kurulu, 20. yüzyılın ışık yüzlü Marksisti Paul Sweezy

Sungur Savran ve E. Ahmet Tonak, Paul Sweezy ile görüşme

Korkut Boratav, Bilge bir Marksistin ardından

Nail Satlıgan, Işık yüzlü Marksist

E. Ahmet Tonak, Paul Sweezy'nin (ve Alexander Cockburn'un) İstanbul ziyareti...

Sungur Savran, Deniz Gezmiş'in hocası

Duygu Ergün, Devrim gerçekten bir ihtimal miydi?

This article introduces a model of social architectonics, a framework tracing the evolution of societies through eight stages of identity construction, from tribal competition to fractured hypermodernity and adaptive post-traumatic cultures. Each stage reflects an attempt to balance material demands with symbolic coherence, what I term energetic-symbolic symmetry. Social transformation occurs when this balance collapses, forcing new experiments in collective belonging. By integrating classical sociology with cultural theory and cognitive science, the paper reframes history as a continuous struggle to design viable architectures of identity under shifting technological, demographic, and informational conditions.

No interior de uma agenda de pesquisa que busca evidenciar o potencial teórico do pensamento social brasileiro, este artigo pretende sistematizar os elementos que permitem conceber o trabalho de Florestan Fernandes como uma teoria social crítica. A estratégia metodológica consistiu em reler a obra de Florestan a partir das lentes da teoria social contemporânea e suas autodefinições. Como resultado dessa releitura, demonstro como o sociólogo paulistano respondeu, a partir da periferia do capitalismo, a inquietações basilares da teoria social. Em uma primeira seção, trato dos seus esforços de síntese teórica dos métodos compreensivo, funcionalista e dialético, bem como da recepção crítica de conceitos de Weber, Marx e Durkheim para pensar as especificidades do capitalismo dependente. Em uma segunda seção, abordo o tratamento explícito e as reformulações das categorias de mudança social, ação social e ordem social em sua obra. Na terceira seção, destinada às considerações finais, proponho a noção de 'generalização das formas autocráticas de exercício do poder' como síntese do diagnóstico de época de Florestan a partir dos anos 1970, com relevância para pensar o tempo presente. O caráter crítico da teoria social de Florestan é explícito não só em razão do seu compromisso endopático com os condenados da terra e pelos interesses emancipatórios que orientam o trabalho investigativo, mas igualmente pelo modo de engajamento dialógico com os sujeitos pesquisados.

This encyclopedia entry on Save the Children presents the historical evolution of this child-focused development NGO and its contribution to the development of children’s rights and child rights-based approaches to development practice. It reveals that Save the Children has clearly left its mark by making three main contributions to the field of national and international support for children’s causes. First, the organization made a historic contribution to the codification of children’s rights through initiating the Geneva Declaration on the Rights of the Child. Second, through developing the child sponsorship model, Save coined another important contribution to the field. And third, the work of Save the Children became increasingly characterized by a comprehensive child rights-based approach that served as a source of inspiration and information to others.

Introduction

Since birth and throughout all stages of development, humans have been social beings, as effective communication and interaction with others have been crucial for them. The ability to understand ideas, emotions, and views -and to be aware of and sensitive to them in social interactions- helps develop friendly relationships with others, enhances their self-awareness and self-acceptance, and improves group cohesion. Living in an interconnected world means that we will inevitably face difficulties, and consequently, we will regularly need the assistance of others. Iranians have long had a reputation for being kind and helpful to their fellow citizens. It is essential to remember that providing verbal support and assistance to others can also protect them from potential dangers (Andreoni et al., 2016).
When seeing other people’s problems and issues, individuals use various verbal and functional approaches in accordance with their own perception and understanding of the situation, as well as the mental and emotional state of others. This indicates their level of care and concern for others. Concern for someone is defined as the emotional and cognitive ability to understand emotions and react to the mental and emotional states of others. Interpersonal interactions and socioemotional aspects help distinguish between "apathy" (having no feelings), "sympathy" (observing feelings), "empathy" (understanding feelings), and "metapathy" (changing feelings).
The current research aims to assess people’s level of concern for others by analyzing the language expressions they use in various situations. In other words, the concept of 'cultuling' (language + culture) of concern for others introduces a new perspective on concern, which is influenced by both the extent of people’s engagement with the problem and the closeness between individuals.


Materials and Methods

This qualitative and descriptive study aimed to delve into aspects of Iranian culture pertaining to the level of concern for others through the analysis of language expressions, focusing on the concept of "cultuling" at four levels: apathy, sympathy, empathy, and metapathy. The research utilized a purposeful sampling method, gathering conversations from 30 Iranian social films and TV series, totaling 448 utterances related to concern. Additionally, natural discussions on topics such as education, relationships, and employment were collected from various social media platforms like Telegram, WhatsApp, and Instagram for further analysis. Through this comprehensive approach, the study aimed to uncover nuanced insights into Iranian cultural attitudes towards empathy and interpersonal relations.
The study encompassed a total of 211 utterances, contributed by individuals spanning ages 18 to 69, representing a diverse range of educational backgrounds and professions, including students, freelancers, doctors, university professors, housewives, engineers, and others. These utterances were collected from written texts across various sources. Subsequently, the expressions related to concern were carefully analyzed utilizing the conceptual model of cultuling analysis (CLA). This approach allowed for a thorough examination of how individuals communicate their levels of concern for others within the context of Iranian culture, considering linguistic nuances and cultural influences.


Results and Discussion

Linguistic styles, expressed through utterances, serve as indicators of individuals' levels of concern for others and their reactions to various challenges. Pishghadam et al. (2022) have delineated concern types into four categories, as illustrated in Figure 1:

Figure 1: Concern Types

Sympathy entails understanding from one's own perspective, while empathy involves stepping into the other person's shoes and comprehending why they may feel a certain way. The distinction is often explained by stating that sympathy entails sharing another's feelings, whereas empathy involves understanding those feelings without necessarily sharing them. Empathetic and sympathetic are similar terms, but they differ. Being empathetic entails swiftly and fully understanding another's perspective, whereas being sympathetic involves demonstrating concern for someone when they experience adversity. Sympathy entails observing and accepting another person's experiences, while empathy involves experiencing someone else's emotions. Empathy is generally considered superior to sympathy because it involves a deeper level of understanding and connection. Both empathy and sympathy are valuable traits as they provide support to those in need. Viewing apathy as introspection and sympathy/empathy as outrespection, metapathy is a form of anterospection, enabling individuals to anticipate future needs (Pishghadam et al., 2022).
The findings of the data analysis, based on the Cultuling Analysis (CLA), revealed that individuals across various settings, formal and informal, public and private, exhibit diverse linguistic goals. These include expressing sympathy, providing counsel, offering assistance, promoting cooperation, as well as absolving oneself of blame, denying guilt, changing opinions, humiliating, shaming, and blaming others. Notably, individuals demonstrate self-awareness when using these expressions in contexts such as protesting, expressing concern, complaining, and defending one's reputation. Particularly noteworthy is the prevalence of sympathetic expressions, indicating individuals' efforts to offer comfort and empathy. This underscores Iranians' complacency (Koutlaki, 2002) and collectivism (Pishghadam & Ebrahimi, 2024), where emotional trust is sought within relationships (Meyer, 2014). In cultures valuing interpersonal bonds, verbal expressions of care contribute to the establishment of meaningful social ties. Moreover, individuals endeavor to verbally soothe others, aiming to prevent further distress in those grappling with internal struggles (Mohammedaminzadeh et al., 2017) .
The findings indicate a shift in Iranian society towards individuality, with individuals striving to establish their own identities and avoid unnecessary interference in others' lives, moving away from traditional collectivist values. However, at the metapathy level, individuals may initially feel discomfort with the speaker's suggestion (Pishghadam, 2022). Over time, they come to understand the speaker's genuine concern and desire to protect them from potential harm. In essence, the speaker expresses concern for the audience's well-being and aims to assist them in navigating challenging situations. Nevertheless, the audience may initially resist or feel upset about the situation, lacking a strong inclination to accept help. This dynamic reflects the complexity of social interactions and the nuanced interplay between individual autonomy and communal support in Iranian culture.


Conclusion

Culture, much like a hereditary gene, profoundly shapes the trajectory of individuals across generations (Ferastkhah, 2014). Effectively presenting and promoting a language of care for others, particularly at the levels of empathy and metapathy, can significantly enhance euculturing and mental health (Pishghadam & Ebrahimi, 2024). Cultuling analysis delves into the cultural nuances conveyed through language, including dialogues, stories, poems, and parables, to identify and address deficiencies. By raising awareness and, if necessary, engineering changes, this approach aims to cultivate a society marked by empathy and metapathy. Exploring contemporary poetry, music, and literary works through cultuling analysis offers insights into understanding the root causes of declining empathy and metapathy, paving the way for solutions to foster their advancement in society.


Keywords

cultuling  concern  apathy  sympathy  empathy  metapathy

Este trabajo explica las tareas y resultados obtenidos en el proyecto Osuna Recuerda  por parte de un equipo de antropólogas/o cuyo objetivo era acceder a familiares de víctimas represaliadas durante los dos primeros años de la Guerra Civil en Osuna y la comarca (Sevilla, España). El resultado más esperado por parte del equipo de antropólogas forenses y arqueólogas respecto a los familiares era identificar personas que pudieran aportar ADN cotejable con el de los restos recuperados en los trabajos de exhumación. Pero también, desde la coordinación del proyecto, se solicitó la participación de la Antropología Social para que pudiéramos reconstruir la memoria vivida en su condición de familiares-víctimas. Se partía de la constatación de una escasa respuesta social. El trabajo de campo llevado a cabo para contactar y realizar entrevistas o conversaciones con las víctimas no ha estado exento de reluctancias a participar o de elusión de dar información sobre terceros que podrían ser potencialmente personas interesadas. Esto denotaba que estábamos ante un campo de memorias roto, desarticulado a lo largo de las décadas, que se mantenía en reservorios intrafamiliares, sin vocación ni posibilidades de construir un espacio común. Uno de nuestros objetivos es facilitar, normalizando el relato de las memorias, este espacio. A partir de las entrevistas realizadas, el objeto fundamental de este trabajo es recomponer las experiencias y vicisitudes de las víctimas-familiares, aprovechando algunas categorías teóricas de la antropología social y la historia cultural que nos permitan entender las prácticas de resistencia tácita, los modos de dignificación y honra a la memoria de las personas asesinadas, los mecanismos mediante los que se vehicularon esas memorias impedidas, además de las argumentaciones para hacer entender por qué muchos de estos vericuetos de recuerdos han permanecido ocultos, en pliegues de la experiencia social, al igual que los cuerpos en esos pozos de la ignominia en que se había querido esconder la barbarie.

The aim of my paper is to discuss the subject of ideology with some passages of I. Feuerbach of Marx and Engels's German Ideology manuscripts, pointing out how its processual feature is indispensable to understand some utterances as well as some changes of the manuscripts. Before I start with c) my theorethical considerations and in order to obtain the above-mentioned results, I will make the point of a) some philological issues about the recent discoveries that concerns German Ideology and b) some aspects of the "political history" of editions. The philological account allows us to consider the issue of criticism of ideology in its own dimension. It is worth noting that the German Ideology can not be conceived as a work and that it is constituted by re-elaborated versions of journalistic writings.

Sultana's Dream by Rokeya is a portraiture of male-dominated British Bengal's psycho-societal mind where persistent oppression, repression, and dominance of men over women were normal scenarios. This paper attempts to explore the nature of the existing structure of British Bengal through document analysis to study whether and how Rokeya conducted a deconstruction of the social structure of British Bengal. Analyzing through the lens of Derrida's theory of deconstruction, the study drew the inferences that Rokeya deconstructed its upper and superstructure and reconstructed it fully as a visionary emancipator who finally created a utopian society where the basic custom of purdah has been boomeranged, men's establishment Zenana has broken down, Murdana, a new establishment against it, has been raised into which entire menfolk have been imprisoned, and women took power of both indoors and outdoors in the reconstructed land, calling it the Lady Land. The study is significant not only to reveal the novella's radical feminist potential but also to expose its internal contradictions which will contribute to the ongoing dialogues on societal gender construction and transformative futures.

Soz io log ie de s Ri si ko s ) ，就逐漸 登 場 ( Bechmann 1993 ) Rationalität ) 為基 礎所展闊的現代化 工 程架橋， 在 人類 生 態及環境 危機 日 益惡化的危機中 ， 顯得搖搖欲墜的現象 。 尤其科技對社會生 態的衝擊，根本 上 動搖了人類對社會規範、價值及秩序信仰的墓禮 。 現代性與風險社會 這構成了現代性的危機。因此，在第四節中我們將探討現代性中的 風險結惰 . 4.1 節集中在社會分化的結梢的複雜性與風險的意義; 4 .2 節將分析在當代高度的生態破壞危機中，自然對社會的關係; 4 .3 íiìi 將進行在現代社會科學化 ( V e rwi sse n sc h aftlichun g der modernen Gese ll schaft ) 過程 中 科學理性 」 與「社會理性」在科技政策決 定流程中的鬥爭﹒尤其是科技官僚在當代的無能，與 「 社會契約性 」 ( Sozialverträglichekeit )意義下之科技政策或者「科技公民權 」 ( Technologische C iti ze n s hip ) 的興起 。 我們也將闡析在風險社會人 們如何透過商議式民 主( Oeliberative O em okra 仗 . Habermas 1994

The achievements of human civilizations are both tangible (material) and intangible (immaterial). However, the mainstream textbooks on the history of ancient civilizations (especially of their respective early stages) have mainly emphasized those that were related to or expressed by tangible archaeological evidence. It should be noted that intangible archaeological finds sometimes are more important than those that are tangible and thus can better reflect the essence of human civilizations.

The main task of this book is to provide a systematic and multidisciplinary introduction to the ancient civilizations via the channels of both languages (especially common ancestral words that are judged to have been adopted in the early human history) and ancient glyphs (either as proto characters or just as pictorial symbols) that have been unearthed from various early cultural sites throughout the world. Most (if not all) of these ancestral voices and glyphs have been neglected in the usual text but they are very useful for the restoration of the early stories about human civilizations. In this book a new analytical approach – called glyphonetics (a compound of glyph and phonetics) – is proposed on the basis of multicultural evidence. Moreover, various glyphonetical signs or characters – together with other, logographical or ideographical characters that carry the original meanings of the cultures or civilizations concerned – are used in the analytical narratives.

The book is based on newly developed concepts, theories and methods, on the one hand, and the first-hand, archaeological evidence, on the other. The findings presented are unexpected but reasonable, which not only provide new perspectives to the explanation of the long-lasting historical puzzles about the origin and evolution of human civilizations but also are what every student of history needs to know and doesn’t get in the usual text.

About the author:
Homepage: www.researchgate.net/profile/Rongxing_Guo
ORCID: 0000-0002-5368-793X

Recent books:
(1) Cross-Border Resource Management, 4E www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780323918701
(2) Human-Earth System Dynamics (http://www.springer.com/cn/book/9789811305474)
(3) How the Chinese Economy Works, 4E (https://www.springer.com/cn/book/9783319323053)
(4) “Explaining the human and cultural puzzles: A new development theory” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162519302513
(5)《世界文明新史（全 2 册）》 (http://product.dangdang.com/29338130.html)

Institutet för arbetsmarknads-och utbildningspolitisk utvärdering (IFAU) är ett forskningsinstitut under Arbetsmarknadsdepartementet med säte i Uppsala. IFAU ska främja, stödja och genomföra vetenskapliga utvärderingar. Uppdraget omfattar: effekter av arbetsmarknads-och utbildningspolitik, arbetsmarknadens funktionssätt och arbetsmarknadseffekter av socialförsäkringen. IFAU ska även sprida sina resultat så att de blir tillgängliga för olika intressenter i Sverige och utomlands. IFAU delar även ut forskningsbidrag till projekt som rör forskning inom dess verksamhetsområden. Forskningsbidragen delas ut en gång per år och sista dag för ansökan är den 1 oktober. Eftersom forskarna vid IFAU till övervägande del är nationalekonomer, ser vi gärna att forskare från andra discipliner ansöker om forskningsbidrag. IFAU leds av en generaldirektör. Vid institutet finns ett vetenskapligt råd bestående av en ordförande, institutets chef och fem andra ledamöter. Det vetenskapliga rådet har bl.a. som uppgift att lämna förslag till beslut vid beviljandet av forskningsbidrag. Till institutet är även en referensgrupp knuten där arbetsgivar-och arbetstagarsidan samt berörda departement och myndigheter finns representerade. Rapporterna finns även i tryckt format. Du kan beställa de tryckta rapporterna via telefon eller mejl. Se nedanstående kontaktinformation.

This special issue aims at contributing simultaneously to two key literatures within analysis of the European Union (EU) which, until now, have developed in isolation of each other: one on differentiated integration, the other on defence policies in Europe. In so doing, it also brings together different theories of political economy and, thereby, more general analyses of politics and international relations.

Extract ----- Abstract In order to acquire a new military transport aircraft in the 2000s, why did France decide to choose European minilateralism (A400M) rather than the alternative of Franco- American bilateralism (C-17 and C-130)? A “configurational” argument with regard to this decision is developed, using an approach that looks at the historical sociology of a political economy in arms procurement in Europe, derived from the work of Norbert Elias. This argument explains France’s choice of a minilateral Europe as resulting from the effect of social interdependence that is conceptualised by the notion of “configuration”. Establishing the positions adopted by French state and industrial actors required two years of fieldwork (2012 –2014). A total of 105 semi-structured interviews were conducted with French actors (political, military, administrative, and industrial) who took part in the negotiations from the mid-1970 to the early 2000s. Beyond presenting this data, this article co...

La Guerra Fría fue una guerra ideológica global que se dirimió con el uso de la violencia política  en  los  países  del  Tercer  Mundo. Específicamente, en América  Latinase  caracterizó por la desaparición forzada de personas. Su uso masivo, sistemático y generalizado fue tal que forzó a la comunidad internacional a crear instrumentos para su prevención y castigo. Para evidenciarlo se compara la desaparición forzada de personas en los casos nacionales más ilustrativos y contrastantes, como Argentina, Guatemala, Honduras y El Salvador.Se  pretende  demostrar  su  relevancia  relativa  con  el  fin  de  estimular  investigaciones  futuras  que  busquen  una  explicación  transnacional  centrada  en  el  Tercer Mundo.

  This article analyzes the conflict that emerged regarding the so‐called US‐USSR “cultural contacts” during the Cold War within the exile community of American Latvians. While most of the American political and cultural elites saw cultural exchanges with the Soviets as beneficial, the reactions of the émigrés were much more controversial and polarizing. This study reveals the unrecognized side of the Cold War politics as experienced by the refugee groups. The study employs American, Latvian and Soviet publications, memoirs, interviews and archival materials.

This article examines the intellectual foundations of Immanuel Wallerstein's world-systems analysis, focusing on the formative period of the late 1960s and 1970s. It traces how Wallerstein's evolving engagement with Marxismshaped through dialogue and debate with contemporary scholars-contributed to the development of his theoretical framework. Rather than treating Marxism as a fixed doctrine, Wallerstein approached it as a method of critical inquiry, adapting and extending it to better account for the historical dynamics of the capitalist world-economy. By situating his work within key academic debates of the era, the article highlights the central role Marxist thought played in shaping both his conceptual innovations and his enduring political commitments.

Bu çalışmada din değiştirme olgusu incelenmektedir. Araştırma bireylerin çoğunluğa ait dini gelenekten ayrılarak farklı bir dini benimseme nedenlerini ve yeni inançlarının onlar için ne anlam ifade ettiğini anlamayı hedeflemektedir. Veriler, Ankara'da faaliyet gösteren bir Protestan kilisesi olan Başkent Kilisesi'ne mensup 10 kişiyle yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmelerden ve sekiz aylık gözlem notlarından elde edilen bulgulara dayanmaktadır. Araştırma için her pazar günü kilisedeki ayinlere katılım sağlanmış, bireylerin bulunduğu bağlam ve etkileşim biçimleri de gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışma sahamızı oluşturan grup özelinde bakacak olursak bazı bireyler İslam'dan uzaklaşmakla birlikte tamamen inançsız bir yaşama yönelmemekte, bunun yerine kendi anlam dünyalarına, beklentilerine ve mizaçlarına daha uygun olduğunu düşündükleri başka bir dine bağlanmaktadır. Modern hayatın insanı yalnızlığa ve mutsuzluğa iten etkisine karşı bireyler kaybettikleri anlamı yeni dini bir düşünceyle ikame edebilmektedir. Araştırmamız özelinde din değiştirme sürecinde sosyal • 459

This article explores the socio-cultural character of experiences as the meaning-making and construction of reality. The focus is on two basic issues: how experiences are social and cultural, and how experience can be used as an analytical lens in historical research. We develop our earlier social historical approach to experiences by making cultural legitimation an explicit component of the conceptualization. 1 We build our theorization of experiences as a socio-cultural phenomenon by employing a combination of Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann's holistic social theory and Reinhard Koselleck's historical theory. 2 Similar starting points have been utilized in the scholarship of the history of experience since the early German Erfahrungsgecshichte in the 1990s. We seek to contribute to the field by presenting a thoroughly social conceptualization of experience that abandons the conceptual German dichotomy of Erlebnis and Erfahrung as the dualism of individual and social, and includes human biocultural plasticity as a part of sociality. 3 Theoretically, this results in a divergently nuanced view on the dynamics of experience in the social construction of reality. Methodologically, we aim to enrich the field by developing analytical tools for the socio-cultural history of experience. As a complement to Berger and Luckmann's sociology of knowledge, we interweave into our framework the idea of the circulation of

Critical race theory (CRT) is a powerful framework and methodological tool for sport scholars and practitioners to incorporate into their work. While CRT tenets vary depending on discipline, individuals utilizing the framework understand the permanence of racism and how it is institutionalized within various social structures. In honor of the 40th year of the Sociology of Sport Journal, we conducted a review of the journal to assess how CRT has been used among sport sociologists. After reflecting on the 40-year history of Sociology of Sport Journal, we argue for the continued use of CRT and CRT extensions to fulfill the maximum potential of this foundational framework to achieve its goals of emancipation, social justice, and racial equity. We conclude by discussing the future of CRT in sport sociology research and practice in a post “racial reckoning” society, specifically within the U.S. context.

"Kürt sorununda bugün gündeme gelen barısçıl bir çözümün sendikal hareketi de rahatlatacağı açıktır. Kürt sorunu eksenli yaratılan savaş ikliminde daha da içine kapanan ya da daha da devlet belirlenimli hale gelenler dönüşebilir. Kürt sorunundaki barışçıl tutumundan dolayı damgalanma ve daralma dinamikleri zayıflar, ortak mücadele
platformları güçlenir, sınıf eksenli, sosyal politika temalı politikaların, taleplerin, siyasi organizasyonların duyulurluğu artabilir vb. Yani işçi hareketi barış mücadelesinin taşıyıcısı olamasa bile ortaya çıkacak neticelerden olumlu etkilenecektir."

O  artigo  explora  o  trânsito  de  experiências  e  saberes  religiosos  na  textualidade missionária  do  domincano  João  dos  Santos,  abordando  o  contexto  histórico  da  missionação  no território  da  África  oriental,  alvo  de  um  projeto  de  conversão  desde  meados  do  século  XVI. Aprofundando  a  análise  sobre  as  práticas  missionárias,  o  artigo  observa  as  redes  episcopais,  os circuitos  de  transmissão  de  saber  a  nível  local  em  que  o  dominicano  se  engaja,  dentro  de  um universo religioso transcultural, característico de um espaço de fronteira. A obra proporciona um guia  para  atuação  missionária  naquele  território,  no  âmbito  das  práticas  confessionais  ensejadas pelo catolicismo pós-tridentino.

We look at the network of mathematicians defined by the hyperlinks between their biographies on Wikipedia. We show how to extract this information using three snapshots of the Wikipedia data, taken in 2013, 2017 and 2018. We illustrate how such Wikipedia data can be used by performing a centrality analysis. These measures show that Hilbert and Newton are the most important mathematicians. We use our example to illustrate the strengths and weakness of centrality measures and to show how to provide estimates of the robustness of centrality measurements. In part, we do this by comparison to results from two other sources: an earlier study of biographies on the MacTutor website and a small informal survey of the opinion of mathematics and physics students at Imperial College London.

This review explores David Scott and Orlando Patterson’s The Paradox of Freedom. Published by Polity Press (ISBN-13: 978-1-5059-5117-0), the  interviews span approximately 241 pages and are available both as an e-book and in print. This review provides a guiding framework, situating Patterson and the book in a larger field of study. It emphasizes what the book reveals about Patterson’s upbringing and career in academia against  the  backdrop  of Jamaican decolonization, which fundamentally informed Patterson’s development. This review includes a critique of the book’s ease of entry and an appreciation of its value to scholars of Caribbean or freedom  studies. It  also allows the reader a glimpse into the internal  conflicts  and  commitments of a prominent figure  in  freedom  studies—a  scholar characterized by hopeful anticipation of a new Jamaica, who recognizes the challenges but nevertheless displays a Sisyphean commitment to happiness in the task, not the outcome.

This article attempts to draw a general outline of comparative Central and Eastern European sociology. It focuses on the year 1918, when the Great War ended, and it explores the background and continuation of the (re)birth of sociology. The study is justified by the fact that the history of the national schools of sociology has been approached in correlation with Western centres, and therefore a regional approach is needed. First, the study differentiates between countries that were allied to the victorious powers in the First World War and countries that lost the war, between countries where sociology gained momentum and countries where science suffered. In the countries that were at an advantage -Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, and Serbia -, sociology was at very different stages of institutionalization, but it registered significant progress until the 30s. The countries that lost -Bulgaria, Russia, and Hungary -were not only more weakened after the war but also plagued by revolutions, civil wars, and retaliations; they were not a fertile ground for sociological production. Apart from Russia, it is only in the 1930s that sociology started to considerably develop in these countries. The article does not only compare the status of sociology in the seven countries, but it also explores the evolution of the relationships between them. After an understandable dependence on the Western academic centres, there was the possibility for a regional identity to form.

This article conducts a microhistorical sociological analysis of land grab in the Jezreel Valley/Marj Ibn 'Amer of northern Palestine during the British Mandate, examining purchase and coercion that functioned as mechanisms of settler colonization. Drawing on original archival research in local colony and national movement archives, it reconstructs how socialist Zionist settlers from the Hashomer Hatzair movement, in coordination with land-purchasing institutions and the British imperial government, displaced indigenous peasants who held long-standing usufruct rights. Assessing the dialectical processes between settlers and the indigenous population, the article traces how the protracted colonization of fertile lands and villages unfolded in rural Palestine, culminating in the gradual transfer of territorial sovereignty to the Zionist movement. Challenging dominant Zionist narratives centered on the 1948 war, it foregrounds an extended settler colonial process, showing how village destruction and land seizure took place both before, during, and after the Nakba. It highlights how indigenous removal and elimination are central to the settler colonial logic, operated through violent, legal, and administrative means, while also attending to indigenous local resistance as a key feature of the evolving settler colonial landscape.

Thailand Political crisis emerged as yellow shirts and Red shirts in 2005 continued until these days is basically originated from economics sharing as a main policymaking and gradually turned to corruption by political leaders for political favoritism. Constantly political revolutions often resulted to premature dissolution of government and leading nation remained under military coups. Such situations are interprets through Marxis's lens as the key theory and concluded with some recommendations how to solve such crises studied base on available secondary resources. Key words. Thailand, Political Crises (Yellow Shirts and Red Shirts), Marxism lens. Introduction. The Marxism core concept is materialism rather than ideology, reality determine the mind and mind depend on reality. Which it is contrast with the concept of Buddhist values, mind is master of every things. The three key factors that influences the Marxism are economic exploitation, German Philosophy of dialectal process and revolution. The economic exploitation is consider as base structure that result to cause and effect of super structure leads to causes of other key factors like dialectal process, revolution and other related exploitation(Dunleavy P. and O'leary B. 1987). Through the lens of Marxism, try to analysis the problems(crisis) of Thailand between Yellow-shirts and Red-shirts arose in 2005 till date.

Traditional academia views Confucianism as ethical philosophy or moral doctrine, but this understanding ignores its core political objectives. This study applies modern political science methods to reanalyze Confucianism, discovering that its essence is a governance science with "Great Unity" (datong) as its ultimate goal. Confucianism's core concepts can be quantified as key variables in modern political science: Benevolence (individual governance effectiveness), Righteousness (collective decision-making mechanisms), Propriety (institutional design), Wisdom (adaptive governance), and Trustworthiness (political trust). However, this study simultaneously points out that Confucian governance models have structural limitations including excessive idealization, lack of institutional rigidity, and neglect of complexity dynamics. By integrating Legalist institutional design, Mohist procedural justice, and applying organizational decay theory to analyze its decline mechanisms, this study proposes improvement plans for modernizing Confucian governance. The research emphasizes that any discipline can be continuously transcended and perfected, and Confucianism is no exception.

This study addresses the categorical error of "freedom versus equality opposition" in traditional political spectrum theory by proposing a Four Major Political Spectrum Model: Freedom Spectrum, Equality Spectrum, Spectrum of Authority Control, and Spectrum of National Vitality. The research argues that freedom and equality should be viewed as two independent political dimensions rather than mutually exclusive opposites; the Authority Control Spectrum serves as a meta-axis that actually determines the effectiveness of freedom and equality; the National Vitality Spectrum is a resultant indicator of the operation of the first three spectra. Through empirical analysis of historical cases including the Roman Empire, British Empire, Germany, and Japan, as well as diagnosis of contemporary political systems in the United States, European Union, Taiwan, Japan, and India, the explanatory power of the four-spectrum model is validated. The research finds that the core of institutional design lies in the dynamic balance of the four spectra rather than optimization of a single dimension. This theory provides a new analytical framework for understanding complex political phenomena, designing institutional arrangements, and predicting political changes.

The monthly Smoleńsk commemorations (pol. Miesięcznice Smoleńskie), organised in Krakow, are a special case of politico-religious rituals, which commemorate the tragic event of the presidential plane crash on the 10th April 2010. While for external observers these gatherings appear to be primarily a kind of political demonstration, they mean something more for its participants. Compared to the Warsaw monthiversaries, the Krakow commemorations differ mainly in terms of the nature of the celebration, which is a consequence of the space of national heritage (the mausoleum of Polish kings and National Memorial Cross) and the type of participants. References to religion here are not just a regular, ritual scenography. On the contrary, by referring to the authority and power of the sacred, they are, in great measure, a source of inner strength for this ideological group supporting the governing revolutionary right-wing camp in Poland. This paper will analyse the role of religion in this ritual in order to uncover both the official and vernacular religious practices that create the phenomenon of the monthly Smolensk celebrations in Krakow. * * * Organizowane co miesiąc w Krakowie uroczystości upamiętniające tzw. katastrofę smoleńską są szczególnym przypadkiem rytuałów o charakterze religijno-politycznym. O ile dla zewnętrznych obserwatorów celebracje te wydają się być przede wszystkim rodzajem manifestacji politycznych, o tyle dla samych uczestników stają się także okazją do przeżycia intensywnego doświadczenia religijnego. Uczestnictwo w uroczystościach, których ramy przestrzenne wyznacza z jednej strony Katedra na Wawelu, z drugiej zaś Krzyż Pamięci Narodowej, jest dla nich niezwykle ważnym sposobem cyklicznego odnawiania i potwierdzania spójności własnej grupy, dzięki czemu, mimo wewnętrznego zróżnicowania, są w stanie funkcjonować jako zwarta i gotowa do politycznej walki wspólnota ideologiczna. Szczegółowa analiza przebiegu tych uroczystości ma za zadanie opisać rolę religii w tym procesie, a także przybliżyć zarówno te oficjalne, jak i lokalne praktyki, odwołujące się do doświadczenia sacrum, które współtworzą i podtrzymują fenomen miesięcznic smoleńskich. K e y w o r d s: politics, religion, nationalism, ritual, heritage, Miesięcznica Smoleńska, Poland * * *

sobre o Estado na América Latina -que distingo aqui como perspectivas sócio-históricasadianto uma caracterização da crise estatal mexicana, vista a partir do cadinho contraditório da região e que se basearia em três elementos articulados: a) as formas de institucionalidade política que implicam materialidade jurídica e administrativa; b) as relações sociopolíticas de força estabelecidas entre classes e atores que têm certa projeção em relação ao Estado, e c) as formas ideológicas entre o Estado e a sociedade que, embora de forma inacabada e sempre aberta, irradiam-se na segunda e proporcionam uma estabilidade hegemônica precária à ordem estatal.

White dominance in the development of social work has been well-documented and emphasized in both education and practice. The history of social work largely rests with Jane Addams and the other women leaders of Hull House. Missing from this history are the critical contributions of Black social work pioneers, putting the entire field and discipline at risk of perpetuating White supremacy and erroneous historical understanding. Black social work pioneers' accomplishments have been overlooked in many social work textbooks addressing the history of the settlement house movement-the cradle of social work. This paper sheds light on the distinctive contributions of Black social reformers to the field. Findings: First, the paper highlights White dominance in the early history of the social work profession, particularly in the settlement house movement. Second, the paper describes Black social reformers' pioneering contributions to the field of social work, which have been poorly recognized and celebrated so far. We argued that social work, as an academic discipline and professional field, must do a better job of giving overdue credit to Black social reformers' contributions. Applications: More balanced historical knowledge is important, particularly for social work educators and students, to dispel the White-centered history that implies Blacks are merely service receivers, dependents, beneficiaries, and victims rather than people who have made critical contributions to the field of social work.

A kormány évek óta szisztematikusan igyekszik lebontani a magyar humán értelmiség intézményeit, és helyükre új, jobboldali intézményeket húz fel, rengeteg pénzből. De pontosan milyen megfontolások vezetik, mi a célja, és milyen – sokszor akár meglepő – hagyományokra támaszkodik e terjeszkedés során? A magyar tudományt milyen külső és belső, régi és új erők alakítják? És hogyan lehet a tudás újra közjó? Szociológus vendégeinkkel, Gregor Anikóval, Éber Márk Áronnal és Vigvári Andrással a tudás felszabadításának lehetőségeit kutatjuk, tartsatok velünk!

Why are some countries more linguistically homogeneous than others? We posit that the international environment in which a state develops partially determines the extent of its linguistic commonality and national cohesion. Specifically, the presence of an external threat of territorial conquest or externally supported secession leads governing elites to have stronger incentives to pursue nation-building strategies to generate national cohesion, often leading to the cultivation of a common national language through mass schooling. Comparing cases with similar levels of initial linguistic heterogeneity, state capacity, and development, but in different international environments, we find that states that did not face external threats to their territorial integrity were more likely to outsource education and other tools for constructing identity to missionaries or other groups, or not to invest in assimilation at all, leading to higher ethnic heterogeneity. States developing in high th...

Maurogordatos were a rich family of Greek merchants, benefactors and politicians, whose roots were in Chios but in the XIX century they became an important 'trade union' among Mediterranean traders and economic enterprises. This brief work draws attention to their coats of arm, expecially on their symbols, cause of in Ancient Greek Cemetery of Via Mastacchi in Livorno they form an armonious whole with the History of the city.

Öz Eşitsizlik konusu uzunca bir süredir iktisat biliminin en önemli tartışma konularından biri olmaya devam ediyor. Özellikle veriye ulaşım ve çeşitli araçlar vasıtasıyla veriyi işlemenin kolaylaşmasıyla birlikte iktisat tarihçilerinin çalışma alanları endüstri öncesi dönemi de kapsayacak şekilde genişledi. Osmanlı toplumu gecikmeli de olsa eşitsizlik araştırmalarına konu olmakta. Kadı sicillerinde bulunan ve miras paylaşım sürecinin çıktıları olan tereke kayıtları sıradan insanlara dair eşsiz bilgiler sunar. Bu çalışma, tereke kayıtları ışığında 17. yüzyılın ilk yarısında Galata'da servet dağılımını konu alan bir aşağıdan tarih denemesidir. Çalışmada Galata'daki eşitsizliğin tespitine ek olarak cinsiyet, unvan, konum ve birtakım belirteçlerin servet dağılımı ile olası ilişkisi tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca servet eşitsizliğinin farklı servet formları üzerinden ayrıştırıldığı çalışmada her bir servet unsuruna erişim ve bu servet türlerinin her birinin genel eşitsizliğe olan katkısı hesaplanmıştır.

Il volume analizza una particolare forma di azione amministrativa, fondata sull'impiego diretto delle scienze umane (pedagogia, psicologia, scienze sociali e cognitive) per incidere in modo intenzionale sulla sfera psichica e sui processi personali di singoli individui o gruppi più o meno ampi. Questa attività, denominata "amministrazione disciplinare" o "disciplinamento in senso epistemico", non è espressione di poteri giuridici e presenta quindi connotati che la distinguono sia dall'attività amministrativa di diritto pubblico, sia dalla disciplina in senso stretto (normazione interna e potere sanzionatorio delle organizzazioni pubbliche). Analizzando alcuni casi concreti-scuola dell'obbligo, interventi dei servizi sociali, impiego pubblico, nudge (spinta gentile)-, il libro ne ricostruisce i presupposti e i limiti costituzionali, i caratteri giuridici e le implicazioni in termini di libertà personale. L'indagine approda alla proposta teorica di riconoscere all'amministrazione disciplinare lo statuto di specifico strumento di azione amministrativa, regolato dal principio di legalità e dal nuovo principio di "delicatezza amministrativa", che è volto a tutelare l'integrità psichica, l'autonomia e il pieno sviluppo della persona.