Community Development & Conflict Resolution

want to be ordinary Australians; 2) those to whom Judaism is a matter of private religious choice; and 3) the Zionists who seek the establishment of Israel and hope/plan to live there. 6 Other splits within the Jewish community of Melbourne were geographical, separated by the Yarra River, and based on social class. 7 In July 1941 the Zionist Federation of Australia and New Zealand created a Youth Department in an attempt to co-ordinate, and perhaps control, Habonim and the other Jewish youth groups which had sprung up across Australia. On behalf of Jewish youth, they published a moderate, Sydney-based magazine, The Young Zionist. 8 During the early years of World War Two, Habonim was 'an insular movement because geographically and culturally the foreign-born Jewish community was insular'. And within this European Jewish youth movement there was tension between the German and Polish born youth, as well as tension between them and the Australian and UK born Jews. 9 As the war progressed, and it became ever more apparent what was happening to Jews in Europe, the miniscule Habonim organization gained strength and influence as a Zionist Socialist Youth Movement. Under the direction of Dr David Tabor, a British chemist and metallurgist who had been sent to Australia as a ballistics expert, Habonim became an effective organization with the ultimate aim of encouraging young Australians to migrate to Palestine and help establish the state of Israel. In May 1944, Habonim adopted a charter, committing itself to the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine. To Habonim, being an Australian Jew came to be 'synonymous with being a free and democratic Jew, bent on self-sacrifice and utter devotion to the Jewish people'. Habonim socialised Jewish youth with a Zionist edge which meant 'speaking the language, learning the knowledge, believing the creed and performing the actions which were gathered under the Habonim canopy '. 11 While some young Australian Jews wished to migrate and help establish the socialist state of Israel, usually with dreams of communal living in kibbutzim in mind, 'It was soon found … that the great change from life in the city … to communal life in a kibbutz in Israel, from mental and sedentary to hard physical work, together with the change of language, climate and standard of living … was too big to be made in one jump.' 12 It was argued and generally accepted that a pseudo-kibbutz in Australia

This paper examined education for peace and conflict resolution in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. In view of mankind's experience with war and violence, a global movement has emerged which recommends discussion of issues of peace in education at all levels and in all its forms. Accordingly, education could be used to teach understanding and respect for all peoples, their cultures, civilizations, values and ways of life. Conflict is a phenomenon that is important for human existence. The purpose of conflict resolution is to provide an environment in which each individual can feel physically and psychologically free from threats and danger and can guide. It is in the light of the above that this paper looked at the following concepts in relation to education, peace, conflict and conflict resolution in tertiary institutions in Nigeria, i.e., origin of education, concept of peace, education and peace, conflict and conflict resolution. The paper recommended that for peace and conflict resolution to prosper, there is need for a critical reorientation of the curriculum across all disciplines and at all education levels so as to highlight people's oriented analysis of peace and conflict and also the practice of personal and social peace. It also suggested that government and other stakeholders should develop and fund adequate peace education in the Nigerian tertiary education curriculum.

Based on the framework of Yin - Yang theory, this paper divides interpersonal energy into negative Yin energy, negative Yang energy, and corresponding positive energy forms. Through 12 community practice cases, it systematically explains the laws of energy interaction and neutralization strategies. The study finds that negative Yin energy (internal friction type) needs to be channeled by positive Yang energy (explicit care), and negative Yang energy (aggressive type) needs to be buffered by positive Yin energy (calmness and tolerance). This "attribute complementation" mechanism can increase the success rate of community conflict mediation by 42% and the active participation of service recipients by 58%. The research pays special attention to the core value of energy authenticity and the buffering mechanism of long - term contact, reveals the identification mechanism of disguised energy, intervention limitations, and the guidance rhythm of negative states, and constructs a three - dimensional model of "energy identification - strategy matching - effect evaluation", which provides an operable energy intervention tool for social work practice.

This article offers a Coafrwological reading of the growing phenomenon where Zimbabwean women are increasingly entering into polygamous relationships with already-married Nigerian men, often leaving behind Zimbabwean partners. While often explained through economic and cultural lenses, this shift reveals a deeper disruption: the erosion of matrilineal coherence, the desacralisation of African masculinities, and the fragmentation of ancestral vibratory fields within the COAFRWO (Contemporary Global African World). Framed within the CEADA (Condition Existentielle des Africains et Descendants Africains), this paper explores the spiritual, psychosocial, egregoric, and political consequences of this phenomenon for the future of African unity and vibrational sovereignty.

Farmers-herders conflict in North Central Nigeria has escalated into a major security and developmental crisis, significantly impacting the region's agrarian areas. This paper therefore examined the impact of farmers-herders conflict on rural development in the North-Central Nigeria. The paper's objectives were to analyze the prevalence of the conflict, identify its underlying causes, and explore strategies to mitigate its occurrence in the region. The study employed Resource Access Theory and Social Conflict Theory as its theoretical framework. This paper utilizes secondary data, drawing on books, reports, journal articles, and other documented materials, to analyze the complex issues surrounding the farmer-herder conflict. The paper revealed an alarming increase in the prevalence and intensity of farmer-herder conflicts in North Central Nigeria in recent times, identifying several interconnected factors driving these conflicts such as competition over land resources, climate change, land tenure systems, political dimensions, weak governance structures, economic factors, and the proliferation of small arms among others. The paper further revealed the devastating consequences of the conflict, including widespread loss of life, displacement of communities, decline in agricultural productivity, food insecurity, and disruption of rural economies. The paper however underscores the urgent need for effective mitigation strategies to address these challenges. The paper concluded by emphasising the necessity of multidimensional approaches to mitigate the farmer-herder conflict and promote sustainable rural development and therefore recommends strengthening resource management and land governance, enhancing conflict resolution mechanisms, and promoting economic diversification and climate resilience to build a more peaceful and prosperous future for the region.

The GrandMaster’s Community Leadership Handbook is not a conventional manual — it is a battle-tested blueprint designed for emerging and active grassroots leaders. From conflict resolution to resource-constrained community development, this handbook provides clarity, courage, and strategic tools for effective leadership. It draws on real-world experiences and offers practical guidance for navigating public administration, managing community-based organizations (CDAs), and building inclusive governance structures. Adeyemi empowers leaders at the grassroots with tested solutions and a compelling vision for social impact.

Keywords:
Community Leadership; CDA; Grassroot Leadership; Community Governance; Public Administration; Conflict Resolution; CDA Constitution

Publication Date:
2025-05-10

Publisher:
(Self-published)

Language:
English

DOI : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15380363

License:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)

Type:
Book

Subjects:

Community Leadership

Public Administration

Political Science

Community Development

Leadership Studies

Sociology


Contributor(s):
Cover Design: Just-IT Media, Lagos.

Photograph: Provided by the author

El presente trabajo se propone investigar las posibilidades de la Realidad Aumentada como medio de expresión y difusión de proyectos en la era pos-PC. Y por consiguiente, el impacto de ella en las dinámicas del taller, y en las metodologías de enseñanza. Y además, crear una herramienta informática a medida, para contribuir al mejor aprovechamiento de los nuevos medios en la praxis de proyecto.

Existen espacios desde los cuales se pueden ver las montañas y el cielo. A veces, tienen una franja de ventanas que permiten sentir que existe la naturaleza, o al menos desearla. Otros tantos, solo operan con vidrios y tendones rotos. En ocasiones, aún cuando tienen grandes ventanales, con la arquitectura del privilegio, lo que subsiste es el olor de la bruma del deseo extirpado, a través del lenguaje de la hegemonía del tiempo. También sucede que todos somos iguales a los ojos de la dominación, en tanto cuerpos que se pueden educar. La dominación se justifica como tradición. Esos espacios son escenarios de ficciones institucionales, que a veces se autoreconocen como educación. En algunos, cuando la puerta se cierra, ya no queda el olor de la hierba húmeda, ni la posibilidad de respirar o mover los músculos. Solo permanece la disciplina.

El problema común a gran parte de los sistemas educativos, según Acaso (2009) es que “un modelo educativo tiene como objetivos: a) que los estudiantes formen su cuerpo de conocimientos a través de conocimiento importado (metanarrativas) y b) sean incapaces de generar conocimiento propio” (p . 96).

The paper examined conflict and community development in selected rural communities in the Niger Delta area. The paper further examines among others the relationship between conflict and community development and the implication of these conflicts on community development. The study adopted both primary and secondary data. Primary data includes questionnaires and interview while secondary data includes texts books, academic journals, and the internet. The theoretical framework used in this study is the Frustration-Aggression theory in conflict analysis. It was discovered amongst others that, conflicts in the selected communities were characterized by greed, self-centeredness, economic disequilibrium, political affiliation, and boundary disputes leading to destruction of properties, displacement and most often death and do not engender community development in rural communities in the Niger Delta region. Violent conflict has an adverse effect on the environment and economy of these rural communities and do not also engender community development. The paper recommends among others that the government should strengthen her security agents to be able to combat criminal activities while adopting dialogue and negotiation to resolve these conflicts. The state government should also spell out modalities for appointing leaders and award of chieftaincy titles that are conflict-free. Also, the government should ensure good governance based on accountability, transparency and the pursuit of public good or the common interest is most likely to end all forms of agitations that are leading to violence.

Farmer-herder conflicts have become a pervasive source of trauma in many parts of Nigeria, leading to widespread displacement and severe psychological consequences for victims. Understanding the psychological factors that is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is crucial for effective intervention and recovery. This study explored the relationships between trauma resilience, social support, optimism, and PTSD among victims of farmer-herder conflict residing in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps in Logo and Gwer-West Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Benue State, Nigeria. The study adopted an ex-post facto design. A total of 403 victims of farmer-herder conflict in Logo and Gwer-West in Benue state living in selected IDP camps participated in the study; out of which, 155 (38.5%) were males and 240 (59.6%) females. The respondents had an age range of 12-95, with a mean age of X=39.86 (SD = 15.00) years. Data for the study were collected using Trauma Resilience Scale (RS)-14; Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R); Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-C). Four hypotheses were tested using Regression Analysis. It was found that trauma resilience did not significantly predict posttraumatic stress disorder; social support significantly predicted posttraumatic stress disorderspecifically, family support was found to negatively influence posttraumatic stress disorder. Optimism did not significantly predict posttraumatic stress disorder. Lastly, trauma resilience, social support and optimism were found to have jointly influenced posttraumatic stress disorder among victims of farmer-herder conflict in Logo and Gwer-West, Benue State. It was therefore recommended that national and subnational government through the Emergency Management Agencies along with humanitarian and development organizations should include in their Emergency Response Plans a re-settlement programme for displaced persons affected by conflict. These plans should further be closely monitored by civil society to ensure timely implementation. The study further recommends that when organizing camps for displaced persons, the family structure should be considered. At the nuclear level, families should be given safe spaces so that they could still function as families as much as possible.

This study examines entrepreneurship education and graduate unemployment in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. This study used the descriptive survey research design. A sample of 600 proportionally selected respondents or graduates from 12 randomly selected communities in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area participated in the study. A 50 item two experts validated self-structured 4-point rating scale instrument titled “Entrepreneurship Education and Graduate Unemployment Questionnaire” (EEGUQ) with a reliability coefficient of .757 (using Cronbach Alpha (ra) method) was used to collect the data analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research question 1 (with a criterion mean cut off of 2.5), while Pearson product moment coefficient (PPMC) was used to answer research questions 2, 3 and 4 at 0.05 level of significance. The study discovered that: acquiring intellectual skills (r= 0.086), possessing interpersonal skills (r= 0.145), and exhibiting innovativ...

The aim of this study is to analyze the policy on the implementation of the village fund program in economic empowerment of the Boangmanalu Village community in the Salak Subdistrict of Pakpak Bharat Regency. Data is collected by interactive techniques through interview processes and non-interactive techniques by recording documents / archives and observing research objects directly. Furthermore, the analysis is carried out qualitatively with descriptive explanations. Based on the information obtained, it can be concluded that administratively the stages of accountability of the Boangmanalu Village government are carried out properly. However, accountability reports (LPJ) are carried out by third parties and there is no evaluation by the Boangmanalu village community so that accountability is less effective.

in the park has been a major source of conflict between the local resource users and management of the Park as they believe that the management of the Park cannot prevent them control, access and utilization of their God given resources. The results show that the denial of access to local communities of the resources in the park; the centralised management system of the park; and the lack of compensation as a result of wildlife raiding of farms of fringed communities, are major sources of conflict between the local resource users and management of the park. The study suggests that management of the park adopt a bottom-up approach to reviewing and negotiating the principles of the Collaborative Wildlife Management Policy; and that compensation packages be paid to local community members for farm lands taken from them, and the occasional destruction of their crops by wild animals from the park.

Wright Mills, en su influyente obra de 1956 The Power Elite, ya tuvo en cuenta a los medios de comunicacion de masas al hablar de la elite del poder, y como esta se habia transformado debido a la influencia de los medios y sus potentes focos. Hoy los propios medios de comunicacion se han integrado plenamente dentro de la elite que Mills calificaba como "altos directivos" o "ricos corporativos". Son grandes conglomerados multimedia cuyo tamano ha hecho que lleguen a aparecer entre las grandes corporaciones del pais, y que penetren en el sistema economico desde su corazon mismo: cotizan en bolsa, en ocasiones siendo parte del selectivo IBEX 35 (Telefonica, Mediaset Espana) y alimentan las redes financieras como clientes, accionistas u operadores de servicios financieros. Son, por tanto, sin duda ninguna, parte de la estructura de poder economico.

This introductory essay locates the discussion of superdiversity in the city of Malmö. It provides information on Malmö's structural diversities, their embedding in political discourses, and their distribution in the city's geography. The essay introduces and discusses the concept of superdiversity in relation to the issue's various contributions and to local conditions in Malmö.

This project aims to document all Australian 'utopian' texts and all Australian 'intentional communities', or 'communal groups', at least prior to the mid-1970s. 1 Not all Australian intentional communities have been underpinned by utopian ideals-but most were-and most utopian writing did not lead to intentional communities-but some did. A wide range of material about Australian intentional communities and utopian texts is being discovered faster than it can be fully researched (see Appendix). History of the Project This project began in 1973 as research for an MPhil in sociology at the University of Queensland but, for various reasons, the thesis and ensuing book focused mainly on what is now called

strugglepreconceptions-and-realities-intentional-communities Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au 21 Realizing Utopia Bill Metcalf Utopian Struggle: Preconceptions and Realities of Intentional Communities I have been personally involved with and often living in intentional communities for 40 years, and I have been actively researching and writing about them for over 30 years. My interest started by looking at what worked, or didn't, within contemporary intentional communities. To that end, I have visited and conducted research in over one hundred intentional communities in Europe, North and South America, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Over time, however, my research and writing has shifted to looking more at the history of these social experiments and the historical lessons to be learned from them. I have found that many people try to create or live within an intentional community but know nothing about the rich history of the movement. So they foolishly "reinvent the wheel." While this history has been reasonably well researched and written up in the United States and the United Kingdom, it has not, until recently, been so well researched in other parts of the world, including my own country, Australia-and that is now my mission. Intentional Communities Defined Intentional community: Five or more people, drawn from more than one family or kinship group, who have voluntarily come together for the purpose of ameliorating perceived social problems and inadequacies. They seek to live beyond the bounds of mainstream society by adopting a consciously devised and usually well thought-out social and cultural alternative. In the pursuit of their goals, they share significant aspects of their lives together. Participants are characterized by a "we-consciousness," seeing themselves as a continuing group, separate from and in many ways better than the society from which they emerged.

This paper illuminates the problem with temptation of earnings management and provides quantitative assessment of the presence of this problem among Georgian public companies. Given study serves two main purposes. The first purpose is to evaluate the common behavioral patterns in the earnings management practices and identify financial variables through which opportunistic representation of the financial statements is established along with common motives fuelling such behavior. Another purpose is to test whether lack of properties typical for developed country would have particular impact on the models suggested by foreign literature. This research is based on the cross-sectional data among 62 Georgian public companies listed on the GSE. The approach of the methodology is inspired by existing literature covering extensive models of earnings management detection and evaluation which have closely researched aggregate accruals for the earnings management detection. Due to developing country status along with illiquidity and inefficiency of financial and capital markets, Georgian public companies are prone to lag in the transactions that contribute to accrual basis accounting. Thus, implemented Jones and Modified Jones Models don't show significant explanations in the variations of the dependent variables that represents primary detector of earnings management practices.

Background: Work environments have peculiar health-related risks. Doctors and other healthcare workers (HCWs) encounter work-related hazards associated with their clinical and laboratory activities in the hospital. Blood and other effluents from infected patients may bear such pathogens as HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus, increasing the risk of transmission from such accidents as needle pricks and contacts with deep body fluids Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and practices regarding blood sample collection among house officers and nurses working in Services Hospital Lahore. Material and Methods: Study Design: Cross sectional study Study Setting and duration: Medical and surgical wards of Services institute of medical sciences, 6 months from April 2014-October 2014. Inclusion criteria: Internees working in Services hospital medical and surgical ward and regular staff nurses working in Services hospital medical and surgical ward Data Collection and analysis: 75 internees and 75 staff nurses those fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for the study through simple random sampling. A detailed questionnaire regarding knowledge and practices about blood collection procedure was given all the information was collected in a structured questionnaire (attached). Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS ver: 16.0. Frequency tabulation was done for nominal variables knowledge about blood sampling procedure and practices regarding blood sample. Cross tabulation was done for dependent variables like knowledge and practices among internees and staff nurses. Results:A total of 150 nurses and internees (75 in each group) were interviewed regarding knowledge and practices about venues blood sampling during their ward duties. Mean age of nurses and house officers were 22.92 SD 3.514 and 24.03 SD .697. Knowledge among nurses and house officers showed that 79.1% of nurses and 73.2% of trainees knows that use of gloves is necessary, 77.6% of nursed and 78.9% of trainees knows that blood sample should be placed on inverters, 52.2% of nurses and 59.2% of trainees knows that the identity of patient should be asked every time before blood sampling. Practices among nurses and trainees showed that 73.8% of nurses and 52.3% of trainees introduce themselves to patient before blood sampling, 58.5 % of nurses and 73.8% of trainees checks the identity of patients. 38.5% of nurses and 72.3% of house internees wear necessary personal protective instrument. Conclusions:The conclusion of my study is that overall knowledge and practices among majority of staff nurses and house was good. Practices among nurses and house officer's lacks in checking identity of patient, minimizing discomfort and wearing personal protective equipment.

In many Middle-eastern and former Soviet spaces, informal trade is a common way to avoid blockade-related restrictions. However, the institutionalization and diversification of trade can create a space where formally conflicting actors can carry out informal trade. Responding to the emergence of a new market economy and to the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, informal economic relations became a marker of social change in post-Soviet Armenia. Turkey has since then prevented the passage of aid destined to Armenia to cross over its borders. Armenia's eastern and western borders are closed. Thus, the country is left with two trading routes, via Georgia and Iran. However, informal Armenian Turkish trade relations persisted as of the early 1990s. Yet, the blockade does not allow Armenian exports to Turkey via legal routes. Meanwhile, Turkey's exports to Armenia, albeit facing the Turkish government's legal obstructions, are possible in practice. Indeed, many vehicles bearing Turkish number plates carry goods to Armenia over Georgia every year. With such a scenario as its backdrop, this empirical paper aims to explore the following question: How do informal practices become a tool of relations between the two states, able even to resist conflictual events?

This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the religious, socio-cultural, political, and economic intricacies within the Taraba North Senatorial Zone in Nigeria, focusing on its diverse ethnic groups. The study utilizes a qualitative analysis approach, drawing insights from scholarly literature and interviews with community members. By identifying common themes across different ethnic groups, the paper aims to illuminate the factors shaping social cohesion, governance dynamics, and economic development in the zone. The findings highlight the rich tapestry of religious beliefs, cultural practices, and economic activities among the ethnic groups, showcasing the coexistence of Islam, Christianity, and indigenous spiritual practices. Governance structures range from theocratic models to decentralized councils of elders, reflecting the autonomy of each ethnic community. Economically, the zone exhibits a mix of traditional agriculture, artisanal crafts, and contemporary pursuits, illustrating the adaptive nature of these communities. The paper emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive understanding of the sociocultural, political, and economic dimensions of the Taraba North Senatorial Zone. It finally advocates for inclusive development strategies that respect cultural diversity and empower local communities.

The study and writing of History as a discipline are issues that have attracted the attention of practitioners and those outside the crimp of History. This is because of the role it plays in the social, economic and political development of our country and Taraba State in particular. History as a discipline in Nigeria began to flourish in 1948 when University College Ibadan was established. It became the ‗flag-ship' of the humanities in the 60s and 70s, when more universities with History Departments were added. However, by the 1980s, the fortunes of History began to deteriorate. In 1983, History was replaced with Social Studies in the Curriculum of Nigerian Primary and Junior Secondary Schools, laying the foundation for the current crises of ignorance affecting young people, especially, and some leaders about Historical studies. It was until 1999, under Obasenjo's regime, that attempts were made to reintroduce History at the lower levels of learning. The zenith of the reintroduction of the subject in schools was achieved under the administration of President Buhari with statutory backings to reinstate the subject. Despite all these frantic efforts to resuscitate History and make it a compulsory subject need to be put in place by the States and Local Governments. This work assesses the level of the art and science of writing history (Historiography) in Taraba State within the three Senatorial Districts of the State. It focuses on the politics and philosophies beneath the writing of history on politics of ethnic identity on the Mambila Plateau, the question of Kwararafa and the Muri Emirate, indigene and settler issues and inter-ethnic conflicts. The work adopted qualitative research methods of historical approach to issues behind the writing of History in Taraba, using both primary and secondary sources.

As ever, the South Caucasus remains a vital geopolitical and economic intersection point between Russia, Iran and Türkiye. The ruptures caused by military clashes between Armenia and Azerbaijan in recent years, as well as the impact of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, are not the only major and complex changes unfolding across the region. Indeed, while many processes in the international system are clearly currently refracting through the geopolitics of the South Caucasus, there are also several distinctly regional processes underway. The paper argues that Russia has not left and is not going anywhere anytime soon; Türkiye’s influence is increasing, especially over Azerbaijan and Georgia to a lesser extent; there are no changes in Iranian involvement, although its relations with Armenia are increasing; despite recent diplomatic intentions by the West over the peace process between Armenia and Azerbaijan, there do not seem to be essential changes in the US or the EU’s involvement since the end of the 2010s; and China has vital economic cooperation with the region, although there are no indications of Beijing’s involvements in the security issues of the South Caucasus. The most visible trend in the region is the support of Moscow, Ankara, and Tehran for the regionalization of international relations to challenge the West’s strategic involvement in the South Caucasus. Another historical trend is the maneuvering of the region’s three countries to balance between regional and great powers given their current level of influence on Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia.

Spring 2017 64 pages + 2 attachments This research seeks to analyse the informal processes of peace in post-independence South Sudan. Through using conflict transformation and the local turn in peacebuilding as theoretical frameworks, this research seeks to engage with the local narratives of peace. Furthermore, it seeks to investigate the relationship between local agency and international involvement in building sustainable peace processes. With interview data collected from South Sudanese youth activists by Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) in cooperation with local partners, this research hopes to contribute both to the emerging literature on critical peace studies and to the understanding of contemporary conflict dynamics in South Sudan. In the analysis, the empirical data was conceptualised through narratives of peace. These narratives of peace bring forth a strong local agency and are in line with many of the central ideas of conflict transformation. These ideas include the idea of positive peace (in opposition to peace as absence of violence) and the understanding of the long time-span of the work. These narratives seem to also parallel some other central discourses of international development, which posit the civil society in a moderate form of associational cooperation. As a result, the narratives depart from conflict transformation precicely in terms of the transformation. South Sudanese youth civil society actors do not acknowledge the central idea of (non-violent) conflict and constructive criticism as enablers of societal development. Simultaneously the narratives line the local agency mainly in terms of local communities creating an image of a civil society vacuum in the national scope. Based on the findings, it can be argued that the first months of independence in South Sudan witnessed an unstable and volatile society. The long history of violence and insecurity was still strongly embedded in the narratives and this led the interviewees to identify their role as bringers of peace and negotiators of more peaceful relationships between different groups in their communities. The narratives also highlighted the strong agency of the local youth as well as their attempts to improve their own expertise. If supported, this agency could support future attempts at conflict transformation towards a sustainable and peaceful society, where civil society functions also as a critical actor challenging national public debate and politics.

In 1991, the three South Caucasus republics-Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia-which regained their state independence, faced new security problems. The new geopolitical conditions made it necessary to take a number of steps in the field of political, military, and economic security. In the first years of independence, although the issue of energy security was seen as a component of economic security, it gradually became clear that it was also a matter of political security. From this point of view, the study of energy security issues of the South Caucasus countries in the post-Soviet period from a historical-political aspect is relevant. The purpose of the research is to determine the energy security problems that the fall of the USSR faced the countries of the South Caucasus, and to analyze the factors affecting the energy security of these countries. One of the main tasks is to investigate what methods and means are used by Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia to ensure their energy security.

The purpose of this article was to analyze the method used to handle communal conflict in Ogbakiri using a descriptive survey. A sample size of 400 was drawn using Taro Yamane from the study's population of 201,901. The respondents' information was gathered using a 33-item questionnaire that was self-designed. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data that had been obtained. Result showed that traditional leaders, town criers, vigilante groups, social institutions, eleawerenzi (married women), omereny (adult daughters), the authority of the ancestors, elders, the use of law enforcement personnel, the use of courts, and the constitution of fact-finding committees were the main conflict management systems in Ogbakiri because only the government cannot resolve intercommunal disputes hence, committees comprising of archeologists, historians, and traditional rulers should be set up by the government to put up all historic facts right to avoid twisting of facts.

Overview: Federalism and decentralization are pivotal concepts in the organization of political systems, particularly in how power is distributed between national and subnational governments. This study delves into the theoretical frameworks underpinning federalism and decentralization, examining their implications for governance, democracy, and socioeconomic development in Africa. Body of Knowledge: Federalism and decentralization are governance frameworks that allocate power between central and sub-national entities, enhancing administrative efficiency and political representation. Both frameworks aim to improve public service delivery, encourage citizen participation, and accommodate diverse populations. Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining historical analysis, case studies, and interviews with key stakeholders, including Government Officials, NGOs Members, and Civil Society Organization Members. Data was collected from a range of primary and secondary sources to ensure a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the subject. The sample consisted of ninety respondents. Frequency, percentages, tables, graphs and pie-charts were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data obtained. Data was then analyzed by use of software MS Access, and MS Excel. Results: Federalism can enhance democratic governance by bringing government closer to the people, allowing for more localized and responsive decision-making. Decentralization often leads to increased political participation and can drive innovation in policy implementation. However, the effectiveness of decentralization is highly context-dependent, influenced by factors such as the country's political history, socioeconomic conditions, and the capacity of local governments. Recommendation: Governments should invest in capacity building at the local and regional levels to empower decentralized authorities.

Overview: Federalism and decentralization are pivotal concepts in the organization of political systems, particularly in how power is distributed between national and subnational governments. This study delves into the theoretical frameworks underpinning federalism and decentralization, examining their implications for governance, democracy, and socioeconomic development in Africa. Body of Knowledge: Federalism and decentralization are governance frameworks that allocate power between central and sub-national entities, enhancing administrative efficiency and political representation. Both frameworks aim to improve public service delivery, encourage citizen participation, and accommodate diverse populations. Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining historical analysis, case studies, and interviews with key stakeholders, including Government Officials, NGOs Members, and Civil Society Organization Members. Data was collected from a range of primary and secondary sources to ensure a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the subject. The sample consisted of ninety respondents. Frequency, percentages, tables, graphs and pie-charts were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data obtained. Data was then analyzed by use of software MS Access, and MS Excel. Results: Federalism can enhance democratic governance by bringing government closer to the people, allowing for more localized and responsive decision-making. Decentralization often leads to increased political participation and can drive innovation in policy implementation. However, the effectiveness of decentralization is highly context-dependent, influenced by factors such as the country's political history, socioeconomic conditions, and the capacity of local governments. Recommendation: Governments should invest in capacity building at the local and regional levels to empower decentralized authorities.

Overview: Federalism and decentralization are pivotal concepts in the organization of political systems, particularly in how power is distributed between national and subnational governments. This study delves into the theoretical frameworks underpinning federalism and decentralization, examining their implications for governance, democracy, and socioeconomic development in Africa. Body of Knowledge: Federalism and decentralization are governance frameworks that allocate power between central and sub-national entities, enhancing administrative efficiency and political representation. Both frameworks aim to improve public service delivery, encourage citizen participation, and accommodate diverse populations. Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining historical analysis, case studies, and interviews with key stakeholders, including Government Officials, NGOs Members, and Civil Society Organization Members. Data was collected from a range of primary and secondary sources to ensure a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the subject. The sample consisted of ninety respondents. Frequency, percentages, tables, graphs and pie-charts were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data obtained. Data was then analyzed by use of software MS Access, and MS Excel. Results: Federalism can enhance democratic governance by bringing government closer to the people, allowing for more localized and responsive decision-making. Decentralization often leads to increased political participation and can drive innovation in policy implementation. However, the effectiveness of decentralization is highly context-dependent, influenced by factors such as the country's political history, socioeconomic conditions, and the capacity of local governments. Recommendation: Governments should invest in capacity building at the local and regional levels to empower decentralized authorities.

Intentional Communities (ICs) are groups of people that form for a specific agreed-upon purpose and live in close proximity to achieve their desired end. The prevailing scholarship in the study of these communities is that communal processes of commitment, as well as ethnic and linguistic homogeneity, play a strong role in determining a community's success when defined as how long-lived a community was. However, most of these conclusions are based in historical research on communities that no longer exist. In this article, we use survey data collected from present-day ICs to find that those assumptions do not necessarily hold true, and we propose a definition of success that incorporates how well communities report satisfaction fulfilling their intentions. By testing a sample of living ICs, we find that the community decision-making structure is more important than any other factor in determining whether communities reports progress toward this metric of success.

In this modern world, Information Technology gives impacts on society, countries, economy, and environment. This paper discusses the positive, negative, direct and indirect impacts of IT on environmental issues. Information technology is playing a vital role in saving the environment. Everyday lacks of trees are saved from being cut. Information technology have also reduces the transportation traffic and wastage of natural resources like petrol and diesel. But as there is rose there are thrones. Information technology has also some negative impacts on environment like radiations, e-wastes and so on. This paper throws light on various impacts of Information technology on environment.

While a traditional approach to juvenile justice in the United States proscribes punishment based on a young person’s offense, innovative juvenile courts across the country are developing a more individualized approach based on assessed risk of reoffending. Treating juvenile justice as an opportunity to participate in the holistic development of youth is time and resource intensive, and models for implementation are needed. This case study uses the theoretical frameworks of cross-sector collaboration and social justice leadership to examine how one juvenile court system in the southern United States partnered with a university service-learning program and nonprofit organizations in the community to implement a matrix of services for addressing assessed needs in their court.

La propuesta de trabajar en la elaboración en un libro sobre Técnicas de Recolección de Información para la toma de Decisiones en Comercio Internacional está vinculada no sólo al aporte académico de herramientas que permitan brindar un abanico de opciones cuantitativas, cualitativas y mixtas, sino también al acceso a una serie de estrategias para el desarrollo técnico-operativo de estudiantes, docentes, graduados, profesionales del área y para aquellos que deban tomar decisiones en el ámbito público y privado.
La experiencia construida y sistematizada como profesores, investigadores, extensionistas y miembros del Observatorio de Comercio Internacional (OCI) del Departamento de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de Luján (UNLu), da cuenta no sólo de las demandas técnicas sino también de la importancia de llevar adelante proyectos de articulación entre el mundo académico y el desarrollo socio- productivo.
Dentro de las experiencias más relevantes en el campo de la recolección y análisis de datos, podemos mencionar las estadísticas recogidas y procesadas desde el Centro Único de Datos de Comercio Internacional (CUDCI) referidas al comercio de bienes y servicios, tipos de cambio, principales activos financieros, como así también el estudio de casos sobre la dinámica y la infraestructura portuaria considerando también aspectos cualitativos. Esto se ve materializado a través de presentaciones de informes periódicos y publicaciones junto a la participación en boletines informativos, ponencias en jornadas y congresos entro otros, permitiendo así la formación de recursos humanos capaces de procesar -de manera analítica- datos públicos y privados usados para la toma de decisiones del sector vinculado al comercio exterior.
La presente obra, no pretende ser un constructo teórico - practico acabado, por el contrario, se encontrará en permanente actualización y retroalimentación con el campo disciplinar y profesional, en función de la coyuntura nacional e internacional.
Los paradigmas centrales asocian las actividades del Comercio Internacional a enfoques netamente cuantitativos, mientras que la realidad emergente da cuenta de la necesidad de abordar el campo profesional con una mirada también cualitativa, interpretando así las duras estadísticas que a diario se nos presentan.
La necesidad de consolidar datos estadísticos obedece en principio a un vacío desde la iniciativa privada que en parte es cubierta por el estado en cualquiera de sus niveles, pero que presenta algunas inconsistencias en la construcción, análisis y divulgación de esta.
La oportunidad de poder trabajar con datos presenta un gran desafío, porque la consolidación de bases desde una visión público/privada está en proceso de cambios y dista mucho que establezca un paradigma que fije condiciones en el presente y en el futuro.
Los cambios metodológicos en el resguardo de los datos y su exposición están a la orden del día a nivel nacional e internacional. Solo por citar un ejemplo, en Europa se discute si es apropiado que los datos personales de los ciudadanos estén en manos de servidores privados o si correspondería que los países creen bases de datos públicas encriptadas que permitan el resguardo de los datos personales, hoy utilizados por empresas para realizar predicciones de conductas de consumo. En este sentido, estamos frente a desafíos y oportunidades, dado que tenemos mucho por hacer y aun no tenemos definido cómo hacerlo.
Esta propuesta tiene como objetivo contribuir significativamente al acceso a la información en la República Argentina. Actualmente, el país se encuentra inmerso en la promoción de gobiernos abiertos y transparentes, lo que supone una transformación profunda en la estructura y en el sistema de información. Esto se lograría mediante iniciativas diseñadas para fortalecer las políticas de acceso a la información pública promoviendo una mayor participación ciudadana en la gestión gubernamental. Otro aspecto para trabajar es la importancia de instalar el debate en torno a la profesión con perspectiva de género, desmitificando un sector tradicionalmente tan masculinizado y que da cuenta del trabajo de las mujeres en la logística, las finanzas y el comercio de bienes y servicios.
Finalmente, el espíritu de este proyecto pretende poner a disposición del lector, instrumentos que permitan filtrar la información existente en el océano de los buscadores, sitios webs, bibliografías, webgrafía, base de datos y demás fuentes de información necesarias a la hora de trabajar con eficacia, eficiencia y efectividad.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between school principals' paternalist leadership behaviors perceived by teachers and teacher performances. In this context, 431 teachers (313 women), (118 men) working in different institutional types were included in the study using the predictive research design. Data were collected through the Paternalist Leadership Behaviors Scale (Dağlı and Ağalday 2017) and Teacher Performance Evaluation Scale (Ozgenel, 2019). Data were having been analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and regression. As a result of the research, the moral, authoritarian and exploitative paternalistic leadership behaviors perceived by the teachers do not differ significantly according to the gender of the teachers, whereas male teachers have higher perceptions of benevolent paternalistic leadership. According to the seniority variable, benevolent, moral, authoritarian, exploitative fatherly leadership behaviors and paternalistic leadership total scores do not differ significantly. According to the schools where teachers work, the benevolent and moral paternalistic leadership behaviors and paternalistic leadership total scores do not differ significantly; However, teachers working in secondary schools see school principals more authoritative than teachers working in primary schools. Also, teachers working in high schools consider school principals more exploitative than teachers working in secondary school. As a result of the analysis of performance, female teachers 'performances are higher than male teachers, whereas teachers' performances do not differ significantly according to their seniority and school levels. Paternalist leadership is a type of leadership with high potential and the existence of paternalist leadership behaviors in educational organizations can be explained better by researching new concepts and adding new variables.

Con objeto de poder determinar las dificultades con las que se encuentran las empresas del sector de la construccion a la hora de integrar la prevencion, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio sobre 106 empresas mediante dos herramientas analiticas, una de orden cuantitativo que se ha llevado a cabo a traves de las encuestas realizadas a pymes del sector y otra de indole cualitativo a traes de la tecnica del Focus Group

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In the 1980s the kibbutzim suffered a severe economic and demographic crisis, which endangered the continuation of their existence as cooperative communities. The solution was to adopt steps, taken from the ideas of the free market. Beyond the increase of economic efficiency, the rearrangement of the community under new rules was accompanied by political influence, as can be seen in the change of the voting pattern of the kibbutzim members to the Knesset. The main argument is that the arrangement of kibbutz society under the new rules brought into the kibbutz a new social discourse that completely changed the way in which the individual defines himself in social and political terms. The political byproduct was that the Left parties that in the past served as a prototype for the socialist identity were perceived as not relevant to the new social identity, in favor of steadily increasing support for the center parties. To track the change in the political identity, we chose to examine from up close three kibbutzim found at different stages of the change processes: Kibbutz Deganya A, Kibbutz Mizra, and Kibbutz Ein Dor. The objective was not only to identify which group in the kibbutz changed its political identity but primarily, to examine how the penetration of the new social knowledge contributed to this. The findings revealed a large gap in the perception of reality primarily between two age groups in the kibbutz. Unlike the older generation, the younger employed neo-liberal social representations to define itself, the community, and the political system. The left parties, like the old kibbutz, were perceived as old, inefficient, and thus not relevant for it in the voting for the Knesset.

This study sought to determine ways effective public support could be harnessed for community-policing project in order to assist the police to maintain security and work harmoniously with the public. Specifically, it sought to find out the extent the public is aware of the existence of community policing security project, its perceived effectiveness, possible challenges and likely support it requires to function as well as the envisaged implications for national security in Nigeria. A sample of 1000 Adult citizens drawn from Abia, Anambra, Enugu and Imo States in south east Nigeria using stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used for the study. Data was collected with the use of a 25-item Questionnaire titled. "Questionnaire on building effective support for community-policing for National security in Nigeria" (QBESCIN). This was complemented with focus group discussion sessions with police officers in the selected states. The instrument was validated by experts and appropriately tested for reliability. Percentages were employed in analyzing data. Findings among other things revealed that majority of the respondents are to a large extent aware of the existence of community-policing project even though certain related challenges such as resistance to change, lack of information/publicity, poor public-police relations etc seem to confront its viability. Correspondingly, it was unanimously agreed by respondents that community policing needed moral, financial, motivational and enlightenment support to work effectively. The implications for national security were identified in form of the need for better police-public relations, public mobilization and participation etc which are deemed strategic for effective performance of the police. These findings and implications were discussed and appropriate recommendations made on how community-policing could be used to support police operational effectiveness in southeast Nigeria.

The research problem of this paper concerns energy security in the regional and global dimensions in the context of Azerbaijan's role in its construction, the aim being to verify whether Azerbaijan is one of the key elements in building energy security, especially in the South Caucasus, but also in relation to the European Union and even in a global sense. The factorial and comparative methods were mainly used to examine the indicated subject matter. This article shows that both natural conditions and the appropriate actions of the Azerbaijani authorities have been strengthening the country's role for several decades not only as the main element of the energy security of the South Caucasus, but also as one of the key factors in building the energy security of the European Union and is shaping itself as a signifi cant co-creator of global security in this sphere. Azerbaijan's achievements to date in the sphere of energy security and forecasts for the future allow one to conclude that the state will have an increasingly stronger position as a guarantor of security in the discussed sphere in the South Caucasus, and its role as a co-builder of the Union's energy security will take on new, unprecedented shapes. Also, in the global dimension, the role of Azerbaijan will increase.

Bu çalışma, Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Ölçeği ve Örgütsel Adalet Ölçeği’nin geçerlik vegüvenirlik analizlerini yaparak, Türkiye koşullarına uygunluğunu saptamak amacıylayapılmıştır. Temel olarak okullardaki örgütsel vatandaşlık ve örgütsel adalet ile ilgili görüşleribelirlemek amacıyla hazırlanan ölçeklerin orijinali Wayne K. Hoy tarafından geliştirilmiştir.Dilsel eşdeğerlik çalışması için beş farklı İngilizce öğretmeninin görüşü alınmıştır. Geçerlik vegüvenirlik çalışması için ise, Ankara il merkezindeki ilköğretim okullarında görev yapan 189öğretmen üzerinde uygulama yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda ölçeklerin Türkiyekoşullarında kullanılabilecek, geçerli ve güvenilir ölçekler olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Like many people, Bob and Ruth Foote spent much of their lives searching for a better way to live. They took their children out of public schools and educated them through experiences such as a California-to-Bolivia sailing excursion. They lived in the backwoods of Oregon without access to numerous modern conveniences. They built a 55-foot schooner and schemed about taking the family to a deserted island for a Swiss Family Robinson-style adventure. The island idea was eventually beached due to excessive costs and porting regulations, so the Foote's decided to establish a self-sufficient community of earth-sheltered homes that would use the smallest environmental footprint possible and also shield homeowners from escalating mortgage rates and energy costs.

Finding 80 acres of fairly cheap land near Denton, Tx.. the Foote's named the community Whitehawk Valley after an albino hawk they observed during their initial glimpse of the area in 1977. Soon, 30 other families put down $2,500 each for a plot of land to build their own version of their visions.

Whitehawk Valley survives as of 2024, one of relatively few intentional communities. This paper looks at the development of such communities, why some survive and even thrive, such as Twin Oaks in Virginia and The Farm in Tennessee, and why others don't. It covers the history of communes in the United States, the cohousing movement, tiny homes, and more.