Papers by Thelma C H A N S A Chanda
Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences , 2025
The study examined the long term psychological and social impacts of COVID-19 on the psychologica... more The study examined the long term psychological and social impacts of COVID-19 on the psychological and social behavior of residents of Mulenga Hills in Kasama District of Zambia. The pandemic, beyond its direct health implications, significantly disrupted mental wellbeing, social interactions, economic stability, and community life, creating widespread uncertainty and vulnerability among individuals and families. Many residents faced the dual challenge of protecting themselves from infection while coping with income loss, food insecurity, and reduced access to essential services. The study adopted a convergent design incorporating a mixed-methods approach. The target population consisted of adult residents (age ≥ 18 years) of Mulenga Hills, including both males and females who had lived in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic and some selected health workers; giving a sample size of 124 participants. Quantitative data were
Global Scientific Journals, 2025
The study assessed the effect of the free education policy on the quality of education in selecte... more The study assessed the effect of the free education policy on the quality of education in selected secondary schools in Monze District, Southern Province, Zambia. It aimed to appreciate how removing school fees has influenced teaching and learning processes. The study adopted a descriptive research design, using a mixed method approach combining qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques to assess the effect of the free education policy on quality education in four selected secondary schools in Monze district. The study obtained a sample size of 200 participants; head teachers, teachers, learners and parents. The study utilized questionnaires, FGDs and interview guides to obtain information from the respondents. The qualitative data obtained were analysed using study themes generated from the study while quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. The findings revealed that while the free education policy has improved access to education, it has led to overcrowded classrooms, a shortage of learning resources, and strained teacher-student ratios, all of which negatively affect the quality of teaching and learning. However, the policy also presented opportunities, such as increased student enrolment and government efforts to provide free textbooks. The study therefore recommended enhancing the policy's implementation, such as better resource allocation. Additionally, improved infrastructure to ensure that the free education policy translates into the desired education outcomes was yet another recommendation by both teachers and pupils.
International Journal of Novel Research in Education and Learning, 2025
This study assessed the effect of parental divorce on the academic performance of learners in sel... more This study assessed the effect of parental divorce on the academic performance of learners in selected
primary schools in Mporokoso District of Northern Province, Zambia. The study adopted a descriptive survey design
with a mixed-methods approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. A total of 120
respondents, including learners from different grade levels, class teachers, head teachers and teachers, participated
in the study. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, and interviews. The qualitative data obtained
were analysed using study themes generated from the study while quantitative data were analysed using the
Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. The findings revealed that learners from divorced
families frequently exhibited emotional distress, decreased concentration, lack of parental support, and low self
esteem, all of which contributed to poor academic performance. Quantitative analysis indicated a statistically
significant difference in grades between learners from intact families and those from divorced families, while
qualitative insights highlighted the role of psychosocial challenges and unstable home environments in shaping
learners’ educational outcomes. The study therefore concluded that parental divorce has a notable negative effect on
learners’ academic achievement. Recommendations include the implementation of school-based counseling services,
enhanced parental engagement programs, community awareness campaigns on the impact of divorce, and policy
interventions aimed at providing emotional and academic support for affected learners to improve their educational
outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS) , 2025
Political caderism, often characterized by the influence of politically affiliated groups on vari... more Political caderism, often characterized by the influence of politically affiliated groups on various societal processes, has been identified as a significant challenge in Zambia's political landscape, particularly with its impact on community development. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the effect of political caderism on community development in Matero Constituency of Lusaka District, Zambia. The study utilized a descriptive survey design, utilizing a mixed-methods approach by combining both qualitative and quantitative techniques. A sample of 200 respondents was adopted, involving community development officers, local government officials, political cadres appointed in development roles and residents of Matero Constituency. Data were collected using structured interviews and questionnaires, with the aim to capture both perceptions and experiences related to political caderism in the constituency. The analysis of the quantitative data was conducted using SPSS software, and results were presented in the form of tables, charts, and descriptive statistics whereas the qualitative data were analyzed using study themes. Findings indicated that the presence and activities of political cadres often hinder community development by prioritizing political agendas over public interests. This interference results in the misuse of resources, disruption of service delivery, and intimidation of residents, which weakens democratic participation. The study further revealed that political cadres frequently obstruct developmental projects and dominate decision-making processes, thereby reducing transparency, accountability, and community involvement. Based on these findings, the study recommended the implementation of legal and institutional reforms to regulate political involvement in community affairs and safeguard development processes from partisan interference, thus promoting inclusive and sustainable development in Matero and similar constituencies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS), 2025
Political caderism, often characterized by the influence of politically affiliated groups on vari... more Political caderism, often characterized by the influence of politically affiliated groups on various societal processes, has been identified as a significant challenge in Zambia's political landscape, particularly with its impact on community development. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the effect of political caderism on community development in Matero Constituency of Lusaka District, Zambia. The study utilized a descriptive survey design, utilizing a mixed-methods approach by combining both qualitative and quantitative techniques. A sample of 200 respondents was adopted, involving community development officers, local government officials, political cadres appointed in development roles and residents of Matero Constituency. Data were collected using structured interviews and questionnaires, with the aim to capture both perceptions and experiences related to political caderism in the constituency. The analysis of the quantitative data was conducted using SPSS software, and results were presented in the form of tables, charts, and descriptive statistics whereas the qualitative data were analyzed using study themes. Findings indicated that the presence and activities of political cadres often hinder community development by prioritizing political agendas over public interests. This interference results in the misuse of resources, disruption of service delivery, and intimidation of residents, which weakens democratic participation. The study further revealed that political cadres frequently obstruct developmental projects and dominate decision-making processes, thereby reducing transparency, accountability, and community involvement. Based on these findings, the study recommended the implementation of legal and institutional reforms to regulate political involvement in community affairs and safeguard development processes from partisan interference, thus promoting inclusive and sustainable development in Matero and similar constituencies.
Global Scientific Journals, 2025
The study investigated factors leading to teachers' negative attitude towards learners with heari... more The study investigated factors leading to teachers' negative attitude towards learners with hearing impairment in mainstream schools. Understanding the factors influencing teachers' attitudes towards learners with hearing impairment is crucial for fostering an inclusive educational environment in mainstream schools. The study utilized an explanatory design
Archives of Current Research International, 2025
This study employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design to investigate career opportuni... more This study employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design to investigate career opportunities for unemployed graduate teachers in Lusaka District, Zambia. Graduate teacher unemployment has become a pressing socioeconomic and policy concern, resulting from both supply-side factors such as the overproduction of graduates and demand-side constraints including limited recruitment. Quantitative data were collected from 400 unemployed graduate teachers using structured surveys and analyzed in SPSS, while qualitative insights were gathered through in-depth interviews with 20 purposively selected participants. Logistic regression analysis revealed that Original Research Article
Global Scientific Journals, 2025
The study examined the issue of teacher absenteeism and its effect on learners' academic performa... more The study examined the issue of teacher absenteeism and its effect on learners' academic performance in three selected primary schools in Kasama District. Teacher absenteeism, whether due to authorized leave, illness, or unprofessional conduct, has been identified as a critical barrier to consistent teaching and learning. This study adopted a descriptive research design to examine teacher absenteeism and its effect on learners' academic performance in three selected primary schools in Kasama district of Northern Province, Zambia. A sample of 140 respondents was adopted, involving headteachers, teachers, learners and parents. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires while qualitative data were gathered through interviews and focus group discussions. Data analysis involved the use of statistical tools such as SPSS for quantitative data, where frequencies, percentages, and correlation analysis were performed. On the other hand, qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The study found that frequent teacher absences significantly disrupted the teaching and learning process, leading to incomplete syllabus coverage, reduced learner motivation, and lower academic performance among pupils, particularly in core subjects such as Mathematics and English. The study further revealed that the absence of robust monitoring mechanisms and weak enforcement of attendance policies contributed to unchecked absenteeism. School administrators often lacked the capacity or support to consistently track and address absenteeism, allowing the problem to persist and impact learner outcomes. The findings underscore the urgent need for stronger accountability systems, improved teacher support, and community involvement to address absenteeism and ensure a stable, effective learning environment in primary schools.
International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 2025
The study examined the influence of cultural norms, beliefs, and practices on girls" retention an... more The study examined the influence of cultural norms, beliefs, and practices on girls" retention and completion of secondary education. The study identified key cultural barriers such as early marriages, gender-based household responsibilities, and societal expectations that prioritize boys" education over that of girls. This study adopted a qualitative research approach using a case study design in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the cultural barriers influencing girls' dropout trends in selected secondary schools in Masaiti District. A sample of 230 participants was adopted, involvingheadteachers, teachers, parents, community leaders and female pupils. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. Data collection tools were developed based on the study objectives and was pre-tested for clarity and reliability and the analysis was grounded on the themes generated from the study. The study found that cultural practices such as early marriages and traditional initiation ceremonies play a central role in forcing girls out of school. Once girls undergo these rites of passage, they are often considered ready for marriage and womanhood by their communities, leading to increased pressure to leave school and assume adult responsibilities. It was also revealed that girls are disproportionately burdened with domestic chores and caregiving roles at home, which affects their attendance, performance, and overall school engagement. This cultural expectation reinforces the belief that a girl"s primary role is within the home, making education a secondary or unnecessary pursuit, and ultimately leading many to drop out before completing secondary school. Based on these findings, the study recommended conducting community sensitization programs to change harmful cultural beliefs and promote support for girls" education.
Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science, 2025
The usage of digital information systems has significantly enhanced learning quality among studen... more The usage of digital information systems has significantly enhanced learning quality among students in higher learning institutions by promoting accessibility, interactivity, and efficiency in academic processes. These systems including Learning Management Systems (LMS), digital
Asian Journal of Research in Nursing and Health , 2025
The study investigated the factors influencing the uptake of HIV/AIDS services among children age... more The study investigated the factors influencing the uptake of HIV/AIDS services among children aged 0-10 years at Kalingalinga Clinic in Lusaka District, Zambia. Despite the availability of free HIV/AIDS services, the uptake among pediatric populations remains suboptimal. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design and a mixed methods approach. A sample size composed of 218 respondents; caregivers and health care providers from Kalingalinga clinic who were selected using purposive and simple random sampling methods. Data were collected using Original Research Article
International Journal of Novel Research in Education and Learning, 2025
This study investigated factors influencing the teaching of the throwing method in ceramics among... more This study investigated factors influencing the teaching of the throwing method in ceramics among secondary school learners in Mufulira District, Copperbelt Province, Zambia. The objectives were to assess teacher expertise, examine resource availability, explore the impact of attitudes on learning outcomes, and suggest strategies for improvement. A mixed methods approach was used, involving 105 participants and data collected via questionnaires and interviews. The quantitative data obtained were analyzed using software such as SPSS whereas the qualitative date were analyzed using study themes. The study findings found that the teaching of the throwing method in ceramics under Art and Design in selected secondary schools is influenced by a range of interrelated factors that hinder effective instruction and skill acquisition. One major factor is the lack of adequate teaching and learning materials, such as potter's wheels, quality clay, and glazing equipment, which are essential for practical training. Additionally, limited infrastructure and inadequate classroom space constrain the proper setup of functional art studios necessary for ceramic work. Another key challenge is the shortage of qualified and specialized Art and Design teachers who possess the technical skills and pedagogical knowledge to effectively teach the throwing method. The study therefore recommended that the Ministry of Education, in collaboration with school administrations and relevant stakeholders, prioritize the provision of specialized teaching materials and equipment such as potter's wheels, quality clay, and functional art studios.
International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences , 2025
This study explored alternative staple food options to mitigate maize shortages in Zambia, focusi... more This study explored alternative staple food options to mitigate maize shortages in Zambia, focusing on Lufwanyama District. It aimed to identify viable alternatives, assess the impact of community education programs on awareness and adoption, and propose supportive policy recommendations. Using a mixed-methods exploratory design, data were collected from 120 participants through questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions. Findings revealed cassava (66.7%) and sweet potatoes (50.0%) as the most recognized alternatives, with cassava showing a significant association. Awareness of community education programs varied, and those very familiar with such programs were 3.49 times more likely to adopt alternative staples. Key support measures included financial assistance (34.7%), technical training (27.8%), and access to quality seeds (20.8%). Respondents also emphasized improved market access (41.7%) and input subsidies (34.7%) as crucial. The study therefore recommended that local authorities promote crop diversification, enhance education programs, improve seed access, and invest in market infrastructure to support the adoption of alternative staples.
Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 2025
The study explored the significance of career guidance programs in secondary schools as a strateg... more The study explored the significance of career guidance programs in secondary schools as a strategic tool for enhancing students' career readiness, promoting job creation, and supporting sustainable development. Career guidance programs have increasingly been recognized as essential components of secondary education, helping students understand their strengths, interests, and potential career paths. In Zambia, where youth unemployment is high, such programs are meant to connect students with the labour market. The study employed a qualitative secondary
International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 2025
Leadership style plays a pivotal role in shaping the quality of education in Zambia. The effectiv... more Leadership style plays a pivotal role in shaping the quality of education in Zambia. The effectiveness of school leadership directly affects teacher performance, student outcomes, and the overall functionality of educational institutions. Research shows that different leadership styles have a direct impact on the quality of education in Zambia. Transformational leadership, which encourages teamwork, vision sharing, and teacher motivation, is linked to better school performance. In contrast, authoritarian and laissez-faire leadership styles often lead to poor communication, low teacher morale, and weak student outcomes. Studies also emphasize that involving teachers in decision-making leads to a more positive school environment and improved teaching effectiveness. The study employed a descriptive and a mixed methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative research methods. A sample size composed of 200 respondents; headteachers, teachers and pupils who were selected using purposive sampling method. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews as well as focus group discussions (FGDs). The quantitative obtained were analyzed using software such as SPSS for statistical analysis whereas the qualitative collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings indicated that schools led by transformational leaders exhibit higher levels of teacher commitment, student engagement, and overall academic performance. These leaders promote a shared vision, encourage professional development, and foster a supportive environment. Conversely, schools under autocratic or laissez-faire leadership styles report lower staff morale, reduced innovation, and inconsistent academic outcomes. The results underscore a strong correlation between inclusive leadership practices and improved educational quality. The study therefore recommended that leadership training programs for headteachers and administrators be strengthened with an emphasis on transformational and participatory leadership.
AKSU Journal of Social Sciences (AKSUJOSS), 2025
Teenage pregnancy is the occurrence of pregnancy in girls below twenty years, it is a social and ... more Teenage pregnancy is the occurrence of pregnancy in girls below twenty years, it is a social and public health issue that denies girls the opportunity to complete education and acquire human capital skills needed for gainful employment in the labour market and decision-making on key issues of development. It is a leading cause of mortality among adolescent girls and it affects the current and future socioeconomic well-being of pregnant teens. Previous studies on teenage pregnancy treated teenage pregnancy as purely a public health issue thereby largely focusing on the health implications of teen pregnancy. This study therefore examined the determinants and the consequences of teenage pregnancy, and to achieve this purpose, the study adopted the Sexual risk and protective factors theory as its theoretical underpinning, an online survey was conducted using Google Docs and 340 questionnaires were administered. Univariate (mean and standard deviation) and bivariate analyses (Pearson correlation P≤0.05) were done on the data collected. The study found that poor parenting style and inadequate/ lack of access to sex education were factors that determine teenage pregnancy in Akwa Ibom State. School abandonment was found to be a consequence of teenage pregnancy. The study recommends that before sexual debut, students should have access to sex education and that parents should provide the best parenting style to complement the efforts of the school counsellors.
Technology Perception, 2025
The awareness and usability of artificial intelligence (AI) in teaching and learning within highe... more The awareness and usability of artificial intelligence (AI) in teaching and learning within higher learning institutions highlight a growing recognition of its transformative potential. AI technologies are being integrated into various aspects of education, such as personalized learning, intelligent tutoring systems, and administrative processes, enhancing efficiency and accessibility. However, awareness levels among educators and students vary significantly, influenced by factors such as digital literacy, institutional support, and access to resources. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the awareness and usability of AI in teaching and learning in higher learning institutions. The study was conducted in four higher learning institutions of Lusaka district. The study adopted a mixed methods and a descriptive design consisting a sample of 100 respondents; Officials from HEA, University Lecturers, and Students. The study made use of the questionnaires and interview guides to collect data from respondents. The data collected were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods, such as SPSS and Microsoft excel as well as research themes. The study found that significant proportion of educators and students demonstrated moderate awareness of AI technologies, with the primary sources of knowledge being online platforms and workshops. However, there was a notable disparity in the practical usability of AI, largely attributed to inadequate infrastructure, limited technical skills, and inconsistent institutional support. Furthermore, concerns about data privacy, ethical implications, and the digital divide emerged as critical barriers to broader AI adoption. Therefore, the study recommended the need for targeted capacity-building initiatives, robust policy frameworks, and investment in digital infrastructure to optimize the integration of AI in educational practices.
International Journal of Novel Research in Education and Learning, 2025
This study aimed to assess barriers to therapeutic nutrition interventions for adolescents with g... more This study aimed to assess barriers to therapeutic nutrition interventions for adolescents with gastric issues in four secondary schools in Lusaka District, Zambia. The study focused on determining the prevalence of gastric issues, assessing the knowledge of adolescents and teachers about nutritional management, and exploring barriers to interventions. The study adopted a descriptive research design, incorporating a mixed methods approach. A total of 64 participants were involved, with data collected via questionnaires and interviews. The quantitative data obtained were analyzed using software such as SPSS for statistical analysis whereas the qualitative collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study results showed that gastric complaints were common among learners, with 70% reporting such issues in the past year. A significant relationship was found between the frequency of gastric issues and school absenteeism. While teachers had adequate knowledge of nutrition's role in managing gastric issues, many adolescents lacked sufficient knowledge about dietary practices. Barriers to intervention included limited resources, lack of knowledge, time constraints, lack of administrative support, and insufficient parental involvement. The study recommends launching awareness campaigns on nutritional management, integrating nutrition into the curriculum, improving resource access, and involving local health centers in providing support.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH AND ANTHROPOLOGY , 2025
Sexual satisfaction is a core component of marital satisfaction, and lack of it has resulted in m... more Sexual satisfaction is a core component of marital satisfaction, and lack of it has resulted in marriage collapse. Understanding of this critical aspect of marital life can provide insights that can help couples more
fulfilling marital relationships, resilient unions and thus avoiding divorce. Therefore, this study explored the role of sexual intimacy in marriage, focusing on the factors that contributes to sexual satisfaction and dissatisfaction among married couples. The study employed interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction as its theoretical underpinning. To achieve the purpose of the study, 12 married women and 5 marriage counsellors (a total of 17 respondents) were selected for in-depth interview conducted in Alimosho and Ikeja Local Government Areas of Lagos state, Nigeria. Sample were selected using a combination of purposive and snowball sampling method. Sex was reported to be important as it strengthened bond and helped to bridge gap between
couples. Newlyweds were reported to be the most common of married
couples who had sexual problems in marriage. Most respondents claimed to be sexually satisfied but they all shared sexually dissatisfied experiences. Lack of foreplay, timing of sex, religious restrictions, sexual incompatibility and differences in sexual appeal and lack of communication were identified to be causes of sexual dissatisfaction. Communication, understanding and studying one's partner and being open to sexual exploration, were factors identified to influence sexual satisfaction. The study recommends that couples should choose partners that shares his/her sexual fantasy to avoid frustration and sexual dissatisfaction overtime.
International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 2025
Overview: This study explored the adequacy, implementation, and impact of existing legal instrume... more Overview: This study explored the adequacy, implementation, and impact of existing legal instruments aimed at addressing child defilement within a high-risk urban setting. Body of Knowledge: The study assessed the functionality of legal frameworks such as the Penal Code, the Anti-Gender-Based Violence Act, and the Juvenile Justice System in both preventing incidents of defilement and ensuring justice for victims. Methods: The study utilized a case study design with a qualitative approach. A sample size composed of 80 participants who were selected using purposive sampling method. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis, which involved identifying, organizing, and interpreting patterns within the data. Results: The study found that while Zambia has comprehensive legal provisions to combat child defilement, enforcement remains weak in Kanyama due to underresourced police stations, limited forensic capacity, and delays in the judicial process. Another key finding revealed that many residents in Kanyama have limited knowledge of child protection laws and the legal procedures for reporting defilement. In addition, cultural norms, stigma, and fear of social backlash often discourage victims and families from pursuing justice, leading to a high rate of unreported cases and out-of-court settlements. Recommendation: To address the socio-cultural factors that contribute to child defilement, it is essential to implement widespread community education and awareness campaigns. These programs should focus on educating parents, caregivers, and community leaders about the legal rights of children, the harmful effects of child defilement, and the importance of reporting abuse.
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Papers by Thelma C H A N S A Chanda
primary schools in Mporokoso District of Northern Province, Zambia. The study adopted a descriptive survey design
with a mixed-methods approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. A total of 120
respondents, including learners from different grade levels, class teachers, head teachers and teachers, participated
in the study. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, and interviews. The qualitative data obtained
were analysed using study themes generated from the study while quantitative data were analysed using the
Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. The findings revealed that learners from divorced
families frequently exhibited emotional distress, decreased concentration, lack of parental support, and low self
esteem, all of which contributed to poor academic performance. Quantitative analysis indicated a statistically
significant difference in grades between learners from intact families and those from divorced families, while
qualitative insights highlighted the role of psychosocial challenges and unstable home environments in shaping
learners’ educational outcomes. The study therefore concluded that parental divorce has a notable negative effect on
learners’ academic achievement. Recommendations include the implementation of school-based counseling services,
enhanced parental engagement programs, community awareness campaigns on the impact of divorce, and policy
interventions aimed at providing emotional and academic support for affected learners to improve their educational
outcomes.
fulfilling marital relationships, resilient unions and thus avoiding divorce. Therefore, this study explored the role of sexual intimacy in marriage, focusing on the factors that contributes to sexual satisfaction and dissatisfaction among married couples. The study employed interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction as its theoretical underpinning. To achieve the purpose of the study, 12 married women and 5 marriage counsellors (a total of 17 respondents) were selected for in-depth interview conducted in Alimosho and Ikeja Local Government Areas of Lagos state, Nigeria. Sample were selected using a combination of purposive and snowball sampling method. Sex was reported to be important as it strengthened bond and helped to bridge gap between
couples. Newlyweds were reported to be the most common of married
couples who had sexual problems in marriage. Most respondents claimed to be sexually satisfied but they all shared sexually dissatisfied experiences. Lack of foreplay, timing of sex, religious restrictions, sexual incompatibility and differences in sexual appeal and lack of communication were identified to be causes of sexual dissatisfaction. Communication, understanding and studying one's partner and being open to sexual exploration, were factors identified to influence sexual satisfaction. The study recommends that couples should choose partners that shares his/her sexual fantasy to avoid frustration and sexual dissatisfaction overtime.