Wine Sector

La Agroecología representa un campo de conocimiento en constante desarrollo en el cual se encuentran involucrados conocimientos científicos de distintas disciplinas, incluyendo al mismo tiempo prácticas sociales y culturales influidas por aspectos filosóficos y éticos. Entre dichas prácticas, la Agricultura Biodinámica comparte rasgos comunes respecto a su inserción en el movimiento ecologista, aunque no queda claro si hay coincidencia en sus bases conceptuales y epistemológicas. En este trabajo se presenta el análisis de un calendario biodinámico desde un punto de vista científico con el fin de aportar a la controversia acerca de la relación entre Agroecología y Biodinámica. Los resultados evidencian la presencia de datos astronómicamente correctos junto con inferencias lógicamente no válidas o insuficientemente fundamentadas. Esto parecería encuadrar a la Biodinámica como un sistema de creencias de valor social y cultural, atravesada por ciertas ideas de escasa validez científica.

In passato la descrizione morfologica delle piante e in particolare dei vitigni, nonché lo studio delle attitudini di adattamento al clima, al terreno, alla resistenza alle malattie e alle intemperie erano il risultato della raccolta di numerose informazioni che il naturalista, il botanico, lʼerudito acquisivano contando solo sulla loro capacità di indagine sensoriale; erano frutto, quindi, di unʼattenta analisi del maggior numero di dettagli possibili. Questa attitudine (dedizione e passione) spesso si accompagnava alla capacità di rappresentazione grafica, per meglio evidenziare le differenze tra gli esemplari osservati, alla formazione di collezioni delle varietà in appositi campi e a creare erbari con il materiale vegetale (foglie, maglioli, semi, ecc.) . Oggi, questa modalità operativa e il relativo bagaglio di notazioni qualitative e quantitative rimane pur sempre importante, ma non è più sufficiente a fornire risposte adeguate agli interrogativi e alle esigenze conoscitive degli agronomi; risposte che, invece, solo le moderne indagini molecolari di laboratorio possono offrire. La nascita ufficiale dell'Ampelografiadisciplina che si occupa di descrivere le differenze tra le molteplici varietà di vitipur se il termine era già stato utilizzato in precedenza, si fa risalire al 1841, anno di pubblicazione dell'Essai d'Ampélographie del conte Alexandre-Pierre Odart, seguito, nel 1845, dal suo Traité d'ampélographie, ridenominato nel 1849 Ampélographie universelle . Questi studi sistematici ponevano le basi di una nuova branca delle scienze naturali, creando uno spartiacque rispetto al passato, in termini di codificazione e metodologia scientifica. Ed è questo il terreno impervio nel quale durante tutto lʼOttocento hanno sviluppato le loro ricerche tanti studiosi europei, soprattutto francesi e italiani. Tra questi ultimi vanno ricordati

La propiedad data de 1890 y se mantuvo acAva en la producción viAvinícola hasta la década de los 70. La bodega fue adquirida en 1995 por el municipio y en el año 2011 presentó la propuesta de construir un Museo del Vino para poner en valor el vínculo de la viña con la fundación de la comuna, así como también rescatar su singularidad arquitectónica. Lamentablemente el proyecto no fue concretado y el siAo avanza en su deterioro. A pesar de la falta de resultados, se abre una premisa a propósito de posibles ubicaciones que pudiesen acoger el proyecto de Museo del Vino: espacios viAvinícolas tradicionales que hoy se encuentran en desuso. Esto implica, realizar una indagación a lo largo y ancho de las regiones viAvinícola, donde existen, al lado de las grandes viñas, espacios menores, sostenidos por pequeños agricultores que manAenen formas tradicionales de producción. En este camino, se cruza la idea de una "arqueología" de la viAvinicultura, que permite remontar y encontrar lugares donde los conquistadores sembraron las primeras vides: reconocer su situación actual y realizar estrategias para su puesta en valor. El lugar donde si situó Fuerte Ranquil, también conocido como Casa Grüebler, donde hasta hace un Aempo atrás funcionó el Museo San José de Ranquil, es un siAo ubicado en la Provincia de Itata, región de Ñuble. El museo poseía una oferta de turismo cultural vinculada a la viAvinicultura y la cultura rural en general. No obstante su singularidad y principal valor es que en sus terrenos fueron plantadas, hacia 1551, las primeras vides en el territorio; su primera producción de vinos data de 1556. En la actualidad una parte del viñedo plantado por los conquistadores aún existe, junto a nuevas plantaciones incorporadas por la familia Grüebler, que desconocía el valor histórico del parral. En la actualidad se desconoce el desAno del predio. .

Pe o hartă sentimentală a României interbelice, câteva puncte strălucesc mai tare decât altele: Cotnari, Odobești, Dealul Mare, dar și… Drăgășani. Pentru Păstorel Teodoreanu, acest colț de țară aflat între Olt și podgorie devenise o bornă în pelerinajul său personal prin vinurile patriei. În anii '20 și '30, poetul vinului cobora din trenul de dimineață direct în inima Olteniei boeme, alături de literații vremii și de aristocrații degustători, pentru a se scălda în mireasma pelinului și în savoarea Crâmpoșiei. Dar vizitele lui Păstorel la Drăgășani nu sunt doar episoade bahice. Ele recompun, pentru cercetător și cititorul avizat, o frescă socială densă, plină de culoare, în care se amestecă literatura, gastronomia, politica vinului și spiritul unei epoci în care eleganța era o formă de viață.

The purpose of this paper was to analyze the impact of resources on export performance of clustered companies. We argue that the insertion in clusters provides access to resources that influence the internationalization process of firms. We conducted a survey in the French wine industry, the main consumer market in volume and second largest producer of wine in the world. The population of the study includes exporting French wineries, located in clusters. The sample consists of 130 French wine exporters, located in different wine clusters. In short, the results indicated that access to cluster's resources has a positive impact on the process of internationalization and export performance of companies.

Born in 1995, Generation Z emerged amid the advancement of digital and technological means, and has been shaping the way companies act, especially in hiring people, since to attract young talent, it is necessary to invest much more than it has been with previous generations. Until then, few authors had dedicated themselves to carrying out scientific research on this group of young people, direct successors of Generation Y. Based on this, I applied a research questionnaire directly to these young people, belonging to the course of administration at PUC-SP, mainly in a time when they are entering the job market, and issues such as artificial intelligence, selection, compensation, benefits and performance evaluation are being increasingly discussed. It is important to understand how organizations act, and how they are joining, so that other companies can be inspired and change the way they seek to engage to attract these young people. Understanding how they behave in selection processes, giving voice, autonomy, leaving free access to leadership, creating career and development plans, tracing good wages and benefits become important attractions, so that the young person belonging to this generation feels comfortable and seeks stay longer within a given organization, creating a solid career with potential for professional development.

This paper examines the contested evolution of the concepts of natural and artificial wine in Spain with a focus in a period of profound socioeconomic transformation between 1850 and 1900. It explores how wine adulteration, initially understood in economic and geographical terms, evolved into a public health and regulatory concern as industrial winemaking expanded. The study highlights the governmentality tensions that emerged between traditional viticulturists, who advocated for natural wine as an authentic product of the land, and industrial producers, who promoted large-scale artificial wine manufacturing supported by free trade policies. By analyzing oenological treatises, legal debates, and public discourse, the paper demonstrates how struggles over wine authenticity were deeply intertwined with broader conflicts over national identity, economic protectionism, and scientific expertise. Ultimately, this research situates the historical regulation of wine within a biopolitical framework, revealing how state interventions in food production sought to manage both economic interests and the symbolic integrity of Spanish wine.

El objetivo del presente artículo es descubrir los aspectos que más influyen en la configuración del producto familiar enoturístico e identificar las características que mejor definen el mismo. Para ello, se ha revisado la literatura al respecto y las páginas webs corporativas de diferentes empresas bodegueras y se han realizado entrevistas a responsables de algunas de dichas bodegas. Este estudio demuestra el potencial del segmento familiar en paralelo con el gran crecimiento de las experiencias diseñadas por las bodegas para el mismo, tratándose pues de una actividad económica emergente.

L'objectif de cet article est d'identifier comment les entreprises de la filière vitivinicole bourguignonne articulent les différentes formes de proximités pour gérer leur stratégie logistique aval (du départ de la cave au client) et les innovations qu'elles ont mises en place pour résoudre leurs problèmes logistiques. Une analyse réalisée, à partir des informations collectées auprès de 36 entreprises en Bourgogne, nous a permis de classer les entreprises en quatre catégories selon la combinaison de proximités élaborée : proximités géographique et organisée mais aussi proximité circulatoire qui tient compte de la qualité et de la fiabilité des transports. MOTS-CLÉS : logistique, innovation organisationnelle, proximité circulatoire, filière vitivinicole The objective of this paper is to identify how companies of Burgundian wine sector articulate the proximities to manage their downstream logistics strategy (departure from the enterprise to client) and the innovations they have implemented to solve their logistics problems. An analysis, based on information collected from 36 companies in Burgundy, have allowed us to classify firms into four categories according to the articulation of proximities implemented by companies: geographical and organized proximities but also circulatory proximity that takes into account the quality and reliability of transport.

This introduction explores the multifaceted phenomenon of natural wine, a movement redefining traditional winemaking through its emphasis on sustainability, terroir and authenticity. By engaging with winemakers, researchers, and professionals, the text delves into the global impact of natural wine on environmental practices, cultural identity, and market dynamics. Natural wine is positioned as both a critique of industrialization and a celebration of artisanal craftsmanship, balancing debates over science, belief, and aesthetics. The chapter addresses the complexities surrounding natural wine’s definition, controversies within the industry, and the interplay of tradition and modernity. Bridging gaps between academic and non-academic perspectives, it examines natural wine as a social movement and an object of philosophical inquiry. With a focus on transparency, authenticity, and ethical production, this introduction sets the stage for a broader discussion on the challenges and potentials of natural wine in shaping the future of winemaking.

This paper explores the intersection of vitalism, theology, and science in 19th and 20th century Spanish winemaking, focusing on the influential figures of Lucio Bascuñana and Eduardo Vitoria. Both men were engaged in the complex debate over the nature of wine, particularly regarding its production and the use of additives during a period marked by industrialization and scientific advancement, but also by a conflict between natural and artificial wines. Bascuñana's radical rejection of additives and insistence on preserving the "living" essence of wine, influenced by vitalist and theological thought, is juxtaposed with Vitoria's more pragmatic approach, which sought to balance scientific methods with traditional winemaking practices, especially in the context of sacramental wine. Drawing on Bruno Latour's critique of the nature-culture dualism, the paper argues that both Bascuñana and Vitoria envisioned science not as a force of domination but as a partner in sustaining the natural vitality of wine. This study contributes to the historiography of enology by highlighting how debates on natural versus artificial wine in Spain anticipated contemporary concerns within the natural wine movement, emphasizing the ongoing dialog between tradition, scientific progress, and wine authenticity.

This essay examines the parallels between winemaking and child development as practices of intervention within responsive systems. Both are shaped by initial conditions and external expectations. The essay considers how people intervene in systems that respond unevenly to control. It examines tools, the appeal of consistency, the cost of suppressing variation, and the ethical demands of shaping something that also resists shaping. Rather than offering prescriptions, it reflects on the kind of responsibility that arises when outcomes cannot be guaranteed. To guide development in either domain is to work with materials that call for attention, proportion, and interpretive care.

This paper analyses the main differences and convergence between the governance systems and organization structures in wine co-operatives from Italy, Portugal, France, and Spain. Our methodology combines the administration of an international survey with secondary data on the governance systems and organization structures of the Southern European wine co-operatives. Results demonstrate the dominance of two main governance systems (full vs. partial vertical integration). Furthermore, we find a significant increase of functional convergence however formal convergence is not significant. Therefore, further research on the institutions promoting functional convergence between wine cooperatives in different countries will help us to understand better the drivers impacting their competitiveness

Climate changes and their impact on vineyards represent an extremely important issue for the researchers in various fields of activity. These changes are interesting for the specialists in the vine industry as the vineyards producing quality wines are extremely sensitive to any pedoclimatic changes. The general warming of the clime has disturbed the evolution of natural factors in the grapevine ecosystems: summers have become wormer and droughtier every year, autumns have become longer, winters shorter and rarely excessive, while drought periods have become more frequent and the damp ones excessively rainy. Global warming has severely disrupted the grapevine ecosystems, grapevine varieties being forced to modify their annual vegetation cycle, the consequences on the quality and the quantity of grape and wine production being most often negative. This paper consists in the study of the eco-physiological reaction of some grapevine varieties to the climatic conditions induced by global...

In the last decade the effects of climatic change have made themselves present in Romania and they have lead to an increased number of drought phenomena and flooding negatively influencing the cultures productivity and reducing the biodiversity of flora and fauna. Influenced by drought, plants suffer from cell and tissue dehydration and from the considerable increase of their body temperature. The plants’ resistance to draught represents their capacity to deal with overheating (the plants’ resistance to extreme heat). The plants’ overheating modifies the chemical features of cell protoplasm and metabolism, causing different adjustment and defence reactions from the plants. The study undertaken allowed the analysis of the ecophysiological reaction of the grapevine varieties, reaction estimated after studying the dynamic evolution of foliar pigments in relation with the drought conditions from the North-Eastern area of Moldova and Covurlui Plateau, in the climatic conditions of 2011.

Climatic changes, characterized by extreme meteorological conditions, influence especially growth and development of plants. The meteorological factors act restrictively on their biological cycle as well as on their productive potential. Referring to the grapevine, air temperature is the key factor that limits the areas where grapes can be cultivated, the beginning and the development of the vegetation phases, the production quantity as well as its quality. The research was focused on the effects of the meteorological conditions of 2011 on the plants’ water regime at the following grapevine varieties Fetească albă, Fetească regală, Riesling italian and Băbească gri cultivated in Iasi and Bujorul vineyards.

A elaboração de vinhos para consumo próprio é uma prática observada com
frequência no contexto da agricultura familiar brasileira. O vinho, mesmo quando produzido em pequena escala, é um dos produtos que podem ser comercializados pelo agricultor, viabilizando economicamente a propriedade e contribuindo para a permanência dos jovens no meio agrícola.
Em muitos casos, porém, devido ao tamanho das propriedades rurais e à capacidade de produção de vinho, observa-se difculdade com a viabilidade econômica para a formalização dos empreendimentos vitivinícolas familiares.
Por conta disso, uma legislação com regras mais apropriadas para a realidade de empreendimentos com esse perfl passou a vigorar por meio da Lei nº 12.959/2014, conhecida como Lei do Vinho Colonial, que alterou a Lei nº 7.678/1988, denominada Lei do Vinho.
A Lei do Vinho Colonial permite que o produtor rural torne a sua produção regularizada sem a necessidade de criação de uma empresa e de sua inscrição no Cadastro Nacional de Pessoas Jurídicas (CNPJ), simplifcando o processo de formalização. Para que isso ocorra, é necessário o registro do empreendimento e dos produtos junto ao Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (Mapa) e o atendimento aos demais critérios previstos na legislação. No Rio Grande do Sul, em especial, é necessária a participação no Programa Estadual de Agroindústria Familiar (PEAF), cujo objetivo é regularizar a atividade das agroindústrias familiares.
Essa cartilha foi desenvolvida para facilitar que o produtor de vinhos de agricultura familiar do Rio Grande do Sul tenha acesso às informações necessárias para a formalização da sua produção e para a comercialização de seus produtos.

Understanding how the regional identity influences the evaluation and commercial positioning of wine is critical in a business where authenticity and provenance can drive consumer behavior.
While taste is still the most important factor in wine appreciation, the regional identity encapsulated in terroir becomes very important to the criteria for how a wine should be evaluated and how it should be marketed.

Purpose– This purpose of this investigation is to compare the perceptions of competitive advantage through cost leadership and differentiation with sustainable practices of wineries from the USA, Italy and Spain.Design/methodology/approach– Data are collected via self-report web-based surveys in California, Tuscany and Catalonia in 2010-2011 during a severe economic downturn in the wine industry.Findings– Of the 260 respondents among the three country samples, over 75 per cent are family-owned and family-managed. Respondents indicate who has implemented a clear business case for an Environmental Management System (EMS) and who has not. Benefits and challenges of implementing sustainability practices are also addressed.Practical implications– A comparable percentage of respondents across the three countries indicated a “clear business case for EMS”. Wineries in all three countries perceive that they have competitive advantage through implementation of EMS and commitment to sustainabl...

The global wine industry is a fast-paced and competitive industry prone to the evolution of consumer preferences, sustainability challenges and generational turnovers within a family company context. With wine as a product of cultural heritage and economic value, particularly in countries such as Cyprus, wineries will have to adopt strategic applications in their survival and facilitation of economic growth. However, some of the more important success factors contributing to small and medium enterprises (SMEs’) success are effective marketing strategies, succession planning, innovation for sustainability, and product differentiation (Kasimati et al., 2024). In complex organizations such as family-owned wineries marketing tools turned to be very useful for the alignment of business goals in market demands. The intergenerational succession and coupling of market orientation to long-term strategic thoughts are different for these businesses (Georgiou et al., 2023). At the same time, sustainability-oriented innovation (SOI) and smart farm technologies (SFT) are changing the way operational practices are carried out to promote environmental requirements and increase product quality and economic profitability (Luzzini et al., 2023). At the same time, the availability of new methods to characterize aroma through GC-MS/MS provides wineries new opportunities for distinguishing their products based on sensory attributes, key drivers of consumer choice and brand loyalty (Ligas et al., 2024). The application of marketing tools in a complex winery is evaluated critically in this assignment concerning strategic planning, sustainability, and competitive advantage. The following assignment explores how integrated marketing and technological methodologies help with decision-making and help sustain the market-oriented wine business.

this paper explores the development of spanish wine legislation between 1860 and1932, focusing on the concept of fictio juris, a legal fiction that defines wine as aproduct derived solely from grape fermentation while permitting additives that alter itscomposition. the period covers spain’s transformation from legitimizing artificial winesto their prohibition, then moving towards more nuanced debates about permissibleadditives. By analyzing legal texts and debates from the period, the paper reveals howlaws surrounding wine production reflected broader tensions between industrialization,tradition, and public health. the fictio juris created a paradox in which industrialwinemaking practices coexisted with the legal definition of wine as ‘natural,’ embodyingthe malleability of legal categories in shaping cultural and economic imperatives. thislegal fiction continues to influence contemporary wine laws and debates aroundauthenticity in the natural wine movement. the paper contributes to a deeperunderstanding of how legal frameworks in food production mediate between culturalvalues, economic interests, and the quest for authenticity

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of audit committee AC attributes on Agrifirm CSR performance before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, the study focus on Chinese Agri-firm spanning from 2017 to 2021. Data was carefully gathered from the Chinese CSMAR database, the published annual reports, World Development Indicators WDI, International Financial Statistics IFS, and Business Recorder BR, encompassing 790 Agrifirmss, which yielded 3,950 firm-year observations for our empirical analysis. We utilized ordinary least squares regression for data analysis and TOBIT regression to evaluate the robustness of the findings. The study's findings highlight that the frequency of AC meetings and the inclusion of foreign directors on the AC have a significantly positive impact on agrifirms' CSR performance, both prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, AC-Expertise exhibits a positive and statistically significant association with CSR activities both before and during the COVID-19 period, whereas AC-Tenure shows a negative and significant relationship with CSR performance in both situations. This study carries practical implications for the enhancement of Agri-firms CSR activities in China. It also offers policy insights, contributing to the ongoing research concerning the impact of the AC attribute on Agri-firms CSR performance and risk management. Regulators may consider advocating for the establishment of independent and effective audit committees to increase CSR activities within an Agri-firm. The study encourages firms to contribute philanthropic donations to Audit committee attributes and CSR performance in China: empirical evidence from agri-firms Khan, I.; Mansi, W.; Tsai, F-S.; Hassan, N.

En Elisa Borsari y Linda Garosi (eds.) Libro de resúmenes del V Congreso Internacional Lengua, Literatura, Vino y Territorio: «Bebíamos poesía... además de moriles» (p. 43). Córdoba: UCOPress. Editorial Universidad de Córdoba. e-I.S.B.N.: 978-84-9927-875-9

¿El vino sigue siendo una cuestión de género? En la mesa redonda El vino no es una cuestión de género que tuvo lugar en las II Jornadas Históricas Canary Wine 2021, las participantes concluyen que el vino sigue siendo una cuestión de género si bien con avances significativos en todas las áreas relacionadas con el sector. Por lo tanto, nos invitan seguir analizando el vino desde la perspectiva de género para un conocimiento más enriquecedor.

Kemin is a family business set up by Rolland and Mary Nelson in 1961 in Des Moines (Iowa). Its core business is the production of ingredients and nutritional solutions. At the beginning, they had two product lines, an office in their family room and a manufacturing plant in an old wool barn. The founders, who are still active in the business today, have started by serving the animal food market with ingredients such as antioxidants, flavors and mold inhibitors. From these humble beginnings, Kemin has grown to serve the needs of customers in the global feed and food industries as well as the health, nutrition and beauty markets. Kemin is more than a supplier to their worldwide customers. It's a researcher, a resource, and a partner. Kemin is a company commitmented to innovation and technology. Through constant innovation it creates innovative products for different industries. There are many factors that lead the company to continuous investments in research and development. Among these: -Market trends -Competition -New types of consumers -Company philosophy (constant innovation) -The need to improve Innovation in Family Business is identified with the need and the courage to keep doing what you can do best. Kemin today is currently composed of 14 independent operating units, each with their own president. Together, they produce more than 500 ingredients to serve their customers. The net sales reached in 2014 was $585 million.

This paper aims to develop a theoretical and experimental study on the main qualitative indices of the major wine grape varieties of grapes for white wines produced in the vineyards of Transylvania Plateau. Experimental investigations were developed during August-October 2005 and concerned the determination of key indices values for Royal Fetească, Italian Riesling and White Fetească varieties.

El presente documento es susceptible de ser reproducido total o parcialmente bajo condición de que sea citada su fuente. Se hace presente que, si bien el trabajo ha sido encargado por la Odepa, las conclusiones de que da cuenta no necesariamente representan la opinión de esta última.

This study was developed in order to identify the main components of wine purchasing and consumption behavior of the Portuguese millennial consumers' and their attitudes towards a wine brand - Monte Velho. The methodology includes in-depth qualitative interviews with 11 wine consumers and an online quantitative survey with a sample of 109 millennials wine consumers. Results showed that respondents are regular consumers particularly with friends and relatives but not frequent buyers. They place a strong relevance on the wine’s color, price and region. Regarding Monte Velho, non-consumers show some degree of aversion, considering the wine too serious and traditional, although they see the label as very pretty and elegant. Consumers of Monte Velho regards the wine more positively and not as much old as the former segment

Nomograms of the relationship between the internal friction angles and the median diameters of the
particles of different shapes have been considered in order to evaluate the stability of the channel forming particles.
Based on experimental and theoretical studies, we have obtained correlations between internal friction angles
of the particles of different particle shapes with the same diameters - the larger this indicator, the less probability
the bottom sediments are to move and vice versa. This correlation acquires the maximum value in the case of sandgravel fraction, which led to its anomalous action. It has been ascertained, that the washing and sedimentation
process of the water channel of the debris flow largely depends on the shape of its constituting particles.
It is desirable to take the above mentioned into account when calculating the volumes of mudflow in the transit
and accumulation zones, after which it will be possible to predict the ecological impact of the mudflows on the
adjacent area.

The project aims at solving the legislative problem of the lack of EU regulation on organic wine-making by producing a scientific data set to support the EU commission to develop the legislative framework. Data about currently applied practices, consumer and market needs in significant areas were gathered in all significant wine producing areas of EU and some new member states. Test series with suitable and innovative technologies to improve the quality of wines from organic viticulture, allowing using a low level of sulphites are conducted and validated on selected pilot wineries. Moreover the results and regulatory proposals are discussed with a participatory approach with stakeholders on national levels as well as on European level, ensuring a high acceptance of the proposed legislative framework. Besides a code of best practices as well as a simplified environment assessment tool will be developed to give guidance to produce high quality wine while limiting the impact on the environment.

Dans le discours de la degustation academique du vin, la procedure officielle, declinant les phases ordonnees visuelles, olfactives et gustatives, les « il faut… », « il ne faut pas… », « le bon arome… », « la bonne tenue du verre… », renvoie souvent l’acquisition des techniques a la relativite de la transcription. L’expose du savoir-deguster ressemble bien souvent a un compte-rendu sans analyse permettant une appropriation plutot autobiographique que technique, sans reconstitution des sensations et sans problematique. L’expose-degustation s’associe quelquefois a une demonstration d’ordre social, mettant en exergue l’etiquette de competences du degustateur et de sociabilite du moment.

Las redes sociales se han convertido en herramientas claves para la comunicación de las organizaciones, especialmente en el sector vitivinícola de España. Las redes sociales permiten aumentar la visibilidad, a la vez que establecer y reforzar las relaciones con los públicos, siempre y cuando sean gestionadas profesionalmente. Así, este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la presencia y actividad de las empresas vitivinícolas de España en las principales redes sociales (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter y YouTube). Para esta investigación se analizaron las 1.656 empresas vitivinícolas con mayor facturación de España. Los resultados exponen que las empresas tienen una presencia mayoritaria, pero su actividad es poco frecuente. Teniendo en cuenta que la gran mayoría de las empresas llevan entre 4 y 9 años utilizando las redes sociales, la presencia poco activa parece repercutir directamente en la media baja de seguidores que tienen las empresas.

This thesis explores the ways in which taste is mobilized as a sensory, cultural, and political force in contemporary Western societies. My explorations derive from a context in which there is a growing dissatisfaction with the quality of food and this is seen as severely impacting upon social and cultural structures and institutions and as altering people’s health, habits and ways of life. This thesis investigates in what way taste and people’s sensuous engagement with food offers insight into the nature of relations between people, food, and environs. It further examines how such relations tackle the transmogrification of food and the systems supporting it, how these surpass dichotomous views of fast and slow food, and how these redefine essential dimensions of what it is that constitutes food and eating. I show that taste, rather than being a static attribute which determines people’s choices and status, is an active process of exploring, learning, and knowing. The analysis of re...

In this article, we examine the transformative potential of changing quality regimes in agro-food industries through the analysis of whether Fair Trade wine in Argentina provides a meaningful economic alternative that goes beyond the impact it has on direct beneficiaries. The wine sector has a long history in valorising a variety of quality dimensions, and has developed one of the most complex and sophisticated quality infrastructures, making it an ideal terrain of analysis. Furthermore, it is going through a major process of restructuring in which the battle-lines are drawn along the application, challenge and reinterpretation of different quality content. Through the lenses of a sectoradjusted version of regulation theory, we show that the Fair Trade wine sector does not substantially deviate from the conventional wine economy in Argentina. Instead of empowering the most vulnerable groups, those producing table wine for the domestic market, Fair Trade is actually further marginalizing them.

Concerned about climate change, cooperatives in the wine sector are beginning to adapt their strategies, guided by cooperative principles that encompass high social responsibility and the pursuit of community values. In this context and focused on the analysis of the decisions that drive firms to be more environmentally sustainable, our goal is twofold. On the one hand, we wish to examine whether there exist differences between cooperative and non-cooperative firms as regards their environmental proactivity. On the other hand, we hope to demonstrate the diversity of behaviors within the category of cooperative firms, identifying the possible patterns of environmental proactivity in Spanish cooperatives in the wine sector. We first conducted a difference of means t-test for independent samples (n = 251; sampled in 2017)—cooperatives (51) vs. non cooperative firms (200)- and then a two-stage cluster analysis and a subsequent variance analysis, using SPSS 24. Our results show no signif...

This study investigates how prolonged maceration, pre-fermentative heating, and barrel aging in-fluence the volatile aroma profiles and sensory characteristics of 'Teran' wines. The vinification processes included control (7-day maceration, TM7-Y), 10-day maceration (TM10-Y), 21-day post-fermentative maceration (TM21-Y), and 48-hour pre-fermentative heating at 45 °C followed by 8-day maceration (TPHT-Y). All wines were then aged in oak barrels for six months, resulting in TM7 (A), TM10 (A), TM21 (A), and TPHT (A) wine samples. Volatile compounds were ex-tracted using HS-SPME and analyzed by GC/MS, while sensory profiles were evaluated using QDA. The TPHT-Y and TM21-Y treatments reduced the concentration of nearly all groups of free volatile compounds compared to the control, yet enhanced positive sensory properties such as dry/dried fruit and spicy/aromatic herbs. Conversely, the TM10-Y and TM7-Y treatments resulted in significantly higher concentrations of most volatile aroma compounds. Aging in oak barrels for six months significantly increased free volatile compounds, particularly C13-norisoprenoids, vola-tile phenols, furans, and lactones. Wine aging greatly influenced sensory quality, with fruity aro-mas prevalent in all treatments, and TM21-A and TPHT-A treatments exhibiting pronounced dried fruit, jam, and liqueur aromas. This study offers valuable insights into tailoring wine aromas and sensory attributes through specific vinification techniques, contributing to a more refined ap-proach in optimizing wine production.

Vineyards and olive orchards were investigated in Sassari municipality (North Sardinia) by diachronic analysis of different source of data: cadastral (from 1860 to 1920), decal Agricultural Census (from 1970 to 2000) and Land Use Map (LUM) (2006/07). In 1860 Olives covered 3,884 hectares in the /Hortus/ system and Vines 2,986 hectares in the /Ager/ one. At the beginning of 20 th century the vineyards decreased to 780 hectares because of the Grape phylloxera infection, while the olive stands increased to 5,074 hectares. Even the use of American resistant rootstocks did not allow the extension of the vineyards area that in 2000 was 191 hectares split into 350 farms. On the other hand, the LUM 2006 identifi ed 145 hectares of it, most of them located in the old open lands of /Saltus/ and /Sylva/.

The relationship between tradition and the taste of terroir products is often set aside in the literature. In different contexts, tradition can serve different purposes, often identity-related, and be analysed as such. In the case of wine and terroir products, tradition also serves commercial purposes and therefore raises issues link to competition and inequality between producing regions. Based on two anthropological field studies on the wine industry, one in Cirò Marina, Calabria, Italy, and the other in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, Canada, this paper proposes a materialist definition of tradition. Tradition can be defined as the opportunities and constraints of the past that explain the organisation of a given production in a particular place. This definition makes it possible to compare discourses on tradition with the historical reality that underlies them, in order to understand the elements that are favoured and those that are abandoned.

form. Low level of non-protein nitrogen (0,18%) in high susceptible cv Malen'kii prints in the period of dormancy allows preliminary conclusion that protein form in particular is needed for pest activity. CONCLUTION The relationship between nitrogen protein form content and severity of gall mite was observed at all stages of dormancy. The most close correlation was observed during dormancy prior to the vegetation initiation. The effect of non-protein nitrogen form content was expressed only before and after vegetation initiation. Therefore high nitrogen level in black currant buds plays a positive role in gall mite activity. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Lobanov, G. Programma i metodika plodovykh, yagodnyh i orekhoplodnykh kul'tur, Michurinsk, 1973, p.191-192. 2. Sammersov, V. O prichinakh vliyania miniral'nykh udobrenii na rastitel'noyadnykh nasekomekh I kleschei // V Sb.: Voprosy entomologii, Minsk, 1974, p.138-147. 3. Tikhonov, G. Povyshenie urozhainosti smorodiny chyornoi na o...

Most of Madeirans, women and men, consider Madeira wine as a significant part of their cultural heritage and take part to practices related. It includes both those living in the island and expatriates in other countries, giving them a strong sense of continuity. Abroad, Madeira wine is significant for communities in America, Europe, Africa and Asia connected with this Portuguese island for centuries, that use the element in their social practices as drink and/or as a culinary element a long time ago. Award of its capacity of entangling communities across ethnic and political borders, the application focus social and cultural traditions of all the bearers concerned from the vineyard to the glass and to the plate, not only those involved in the making process but all others that claims this beverage as part of its cultural legacy inside or outside Madeira. The diverse and long list of organizations representing producers, chefs, sommeliers, Madeira wine’s lovers, individuals involved in its safeguarding and related cultural practices in the island and abroad is the better evidence of the capacity of the element to establish bridges at the same time inside and across communities turning into a shared heritage.

Oral communication at the kick off ceremony of the candidacy of Madeira wine to the Representative List of Intangible Cultural  Heritage of Humanity. Colégio dos Jesuítas (University of Madeira, Funchal). 11/09/2024.

The wine sector is one of the most economically important agro-food businesses. The wine market value is largely associated to terroir, in some cases resulting in highly expensive wines that attract fraudulent practices. The existent wine traceability system has some limitations that can be overcome with the development of new technological approaches that can tackle this problem with several means. This review aims to call attention to the problem and to present several strategies that can assure a more reliable and authentic wine system, identifying existent technologies developed for the sector, which can be incorporated into the current traceability system.

Globalization is challenging the very core of cooperative governance and ownership decision, especially in Southern European countries, like Portugal, where a large number of producers are organized in traditional and Mediterranean-style agricultural cooperatives. This paper analyses the effects of governance and control variables related with size over two alternative indicators of performance: revenues transferred to members/patrons and capital structure. The results suggest that these cooperatives have difficulties being sustainable in the more competitive global wine markets, if they follow, essentially, a practice of maximum patronage refund, reducing their capacity to improve leverage and to finance more profitable, but risky, long run investments.

This thesis is in the field of organizational survival. It objective to identify the key determinants
of the survival of Ivorian agricultural cooperatives and to integrate them into their development
strategies. The literature review highlights two approaches with mixed results : the approach in
economics and industrial organization and the approach in organizational ecology.
In the context of our research, the central concept is ‘’ survival’’ applied to Ivorian agricultural
cooperatives of coffee and cocoa. The aim is to understand how to ensure the survival of these
agricultural organizations in order to make their activities sustainable after the observation of a
recurrent bankruptcy.
This study leads us to identify three main determinants of the survival of agricultural
cooperatives that are translated into the conceptual framework that we have mobilized.
The land chosen is the region of Indenie-djuablin, a former cocoa loop where there are
agricultural cooperatives of producers whose capital belongs to the members.
Methodologically, we selected a qualitative exploratry study with a multiple case study as a
research strategy. The exploratory study, through an interview guide, allowed us to reveal the
typology of the actors. Secondly, it allowed us to identify the necessary commitment of each
player in the supply chain in the business development process.
The results of our research highlight the constraints specific to the Ivorian context that make it
difficult take into account the determinants of survival. These constraints show the need to
mobilize all actors in the cocoa supply chain. Also, the results show a positive link between the
internal determinants of the agricultural cooperative, its environment, the profile of the leader
and its survival. However, the level of training of the leader did not seen necessary for the
survival of the agricultural cooperative.

Abstract
This paper deals with the position and role played by wine in the case of an important text of ancient Greek literature, the Odyssey. Reading the Homeric epic reveals its importance, as it is revealed by the multitude of references to wine in the work. Through the detailed description of the various verses and episodes, the multiple roles of wine in the epic are demonstrated. With the methodology of text analysis, it is proven that wine is a daily habit of the life of the lords, either at meals or at special moments, considering it an important asset. It also played an important role in the religious life of that time, both because mortals offered it to the gods, and because the latter treated it as they saw fit. Also, the familiarity with wine becomes evident from its use as a means, either to achieve one's goal, or to advance the plot.
Keywords: Digital Culture; Wine; Odyssey; Literary Approaches.

Highlights
• Transition toward quality wine production in the Midi region of southern France reflects wider norms in French quality agro-food production and regulation but also departs from it.

• Diverse practices and policies comprising a move toward more sustainable wine production in the Midi are highly relevant to the shift to quality wine making but are not synonymous with it.

• The Midi shift to quality wine production involves a dynamic re-articulation of independent and cooperative modes of vinification and includes important changes to cooperative practices and governance.

• Cooperative growers have been slower than independent growers in the uptake of more sustainable agronomic practices, owing in large measure to economic and logistical challenges.

• In-depth profile of three ethnographic subjects highlights ways that individuals negotiate and give shape to broad changes in the Midi winescape but also the ways these individuals make choices constrained by broader social, institutional and environmental context.

Ringrazio Camilla, che mi sostiene in ogni follia; Elisa, Filippo e Leonardo, che mi hanno aspettato nelle mattine d'estate; la redazione di Civiltà del bere, in primis Elena, che si è sentita spesso orfana di un direttore perso nei calici del tempo; la mia editor Marianna che mi ha guidato con saggezza, e Antonella che ha dato colore al mio sapere. Infine, come sempre, il nonno Pino, che mi ha gettato ancora in fasce nel mondo del vino. Alessandro Torcoli A Luciano, senza il quale non esisterebbero forme e colori. Ad Alessandro, che fin dal primo giorno mi ha raccontato il mondo del vino come una favola di cui a tutt'oggi subisco l'incantesimo, visualizzando. A Zoe e Amos che hanno saputo assaporare la mia presenza anche quando i calici del tempo hanno preso il sopravvento. Ma sopra ogni altra cosa ringrazio l'Iride Rosa senza la quale nulla potrebbe esistere.