Wine & Spirits Industry

El 20 de febrero de 2024 en entrevista a WIP.cl, el presidente de la Asociación Gremial Vinos de Chile, anunciaba el lanzamiento del libro Historia Gremial del Vino en Chile (2024), señalando que habrían descubierto los estatutos impresos de la Liga de Defensa Vitivinícola, que circuló durante 1919, y que la creación de esta liga, es la primera asociación de productores industriales. Sin embargo, en investigaciones posteriores, se descubre que el 10 de Septiembre de 1895, el Presidente de la República Jorge Montt y bajo certificación del Ministro de Industria y Obras Públicas, Juan Miguel Dávila, emiten el Decreto Supremo número 1.368, con el fin de crear la primera Asociación de Viticultores de Chile, con miras a proteger y velar por la industria vitivinícola chilena. Esta se enmarca como la primera aociación de productores industriales del vino chileno.

La revolución del mezcal tradicional es el libro más reciente de Domingo García Garza, académico e investigador de estudios latinoamericanos y especialista en el tema de los destilados, particularmente de aquellos provenientes del agave, como en este caso. Congruente con una propuesta insumisa e iconoclasta que motivó sus  textos anteriores (por ejemplo, Mezcal, un destilado artesanal de clase mundial), en este nuevo título, el también sociólogo de la Universidad de Lille, en Francia, no sólo vuelve a impugnar las medias verdades, imprecisiones o creencias vertidas sobre este espirituoso que cada vez, en mayor volumen, se hace un lugar entre las principales bebidas alcohólicas del mundo, sino que además nos comparte una lectura que cierra el círculo sobre el origen, desarrollo y la apuesta a futuro del destilado mexicano por excelencia.

Durant la primera meitat del segle XIX, la classe política espanyola va emprendre diverses iniciatives legislatives per superar la precarietat del sistema fiscal de l'Antic Règim, caracteritzat per la pluralitat d'impostos i per la diversificació territorial. A conseqüència de la manca d'unanimitat sobre el nou sistema impositiu i els continuats trasbalsos en la vida política espanyola, cap d'aquestes iniciatives arribaria a quallar fins a l'arribada al poder del liberalisme moderat, una vegada fracassada la regència d'Espartero (1840-1843). Durant els primers anys de la Dècada Moderada (1844-1854), Espanya va dotarse d'una nova constitució (1845), va desarmar-se la milícia per ser substituïda per la Guàrdia Civil (1844), es va procedir a la centralització administrativa (1845) i es va implantar el sufragi censatari (1846). Bona part de la responsabilitat de les reformes moderades va estar protagonitzada per Ramon Maria Narváez i Campos, qui tindria un paper de rellevància al llarg dels vints anys del regnat d'Isabel II. Un dels ministres més destacats del primer govern de Narváez va ser el ministre d'Hisenda, Alejandro Mon y Menéndez, qui serà recordat per impulsar des del seu ministeri la reforma fiscal que necessitava l'Estat espanyol després que les guerres carlines deixessin la Hisenda Pública en una situació crítica. La reforma del sistema fiscal de 1845 tenia tres eixos impositius: la contribució territorial, que controlava els rendiments de la propietat immoble (rural i urbana); la contribució d'indústria i de comerç, amb una càrrega fiscal menor; i els impostos sobre els béns de consum de primera necessitat, tan impopulars com injustos. Les característiques del sistema fiscal tenien una doble vessant tècnica i social, que es va reflectir en la contribució territorial "...concretamente en la adopción de un impuesto de cupo con tres hechos imponibles, la renuncia a la estadística y el deficiente conocimiento de sus bases" 1 .

Melhores vinhos não são apenas sobre preço ou rótulo famoso 3 são sobre histórias que encantam o paladar e momentos que ficam na memória. Quantas vezes você já se viu perdido diante de uma adega ou prateleira, sem saber qual garrafa escolher para aquela ocasião especial? Depois de anos degustando e analisando centenas de rótulos, criamos este guia definitivo para levar você direto aos vinhos que realmente merecem sua atenção. Cada análise foi cuidadosamente construída com critérios profissionais, mas numa linguagem que qualquer apreciador pode entender.

This paper explores the intersection of vitalism, theology, and science in 19th and 20th century Spanish winemaking, focusing on the influential figures of Lucio Bascuñana and Eduardo Vitoria. Both men were engaged in the complex debate over the nature of wine, particularly regarding its production and the use of additives during a period marked by industrialization and scientific advancement, but also by a conflict between natural and artificial wines. Bascuñana's radical rejection of additives and insistence on preserving the "living" essence of wine, influenced by vitalist and theological thought, is juxtaposed with Vitoria's more pragmatic approach, which sought to balance scientific methods with traditional winemaking practices, especially in the context of sacramental wine. Drawing on Bruno Latour's critique of the nature-culture dualism, the paper argues that both Bascuñana and Vitoria envisioned science not as a force of domination but as a partner in sustaining the natural vitality of wine. This study contributes to the historiography of enology by highlighting how debates on natural versus artificial wine in Spain anticipated contemporary concerns within the natural wine movement, emphasizing the ongoing dialog between tradition, scientific progress, and wine authenticity.

Ramírez Bacca convoca a una meditación sobre cómo entender América Latina. Su punto de partida son las temáticas que explora a lo largo de la obra, pero va más allá, hacia una reflexión historiográfica: ¿cómo hacer la historia de América Latina?, ¿cómo gestionar equipos de investigación?, ¿cómo superar las barreras de los recursos?, ¿cómo valorar la importancia de la historia general, pero conociendo las historias nacionales?

This paper analyses the main differences and convergence between the governance systems and organization structures in wine co-operatives from Italy, Portugal, France, and Spain. Our methodology combines the administration of an international survey with secondary data on the governance systems and organization structures of the Southern European wine co-operatives. Results demonstrate the dominance of two main governance systems (full vs. partial vertical integration). Furthermore, we find a significant increase of functional convergence however formal convergence is not significant. Therefore, further research on the institutions promoting functional convergence between wine cooperatives in different countries will help us to understand better the drivers impacting their competitiveness

Understanding how the regional identity influences the evaluation and commercial positioning of wine is critical in a business where authenticity and provenance can drive consumer behavior.
While taste is still the most important factor in wine appreciation, the regional identity encapsulated in terroir becomes very important to the criteria for how a wine should be evaluated and how it should be marketed.

En este libro la respuesta a la pregunta sobre los orígenes de la destilación de bebidas espirituosas pone el acento en la historia y en la geografía como factores explicativos del porqué en ciertas zonas de confluencia fue posible destilar mientras que en otros lugares no.

El artículo pretende hacer un análisis descriptivo de la producción de bebidas alcohólicas de la
región del Litoral a finales del siglo XIX, haciendo particular hincapié en la producción
vitivinícola, tomando como base el Censo Económico Nacional de 1895. De esta manera, se
tomará como núcleo principal de estudio la provincia de Entre Ríos, teniéndose en cuenta el
origen de los productores, su ubicación, la mano de obra que utilizan y los mercados de destino
de la producción, dentro del contexto a nivel nacional del dictamen de regulaciones para la
producción de estas bebidas como así también la limitación de las importaciones relacionadas a
dicho rubro. Consecuentemente, se analizará en paralelo la misma fuente para la provincia de
Mendoza, tomando como principal referencia el tipo de vino producido y el mercado de destino,
para así entrecruzar recorridos productivos.

The global wine industry is a fast-paced and competitive industry prone to the evolution of consumer preferences, sustainability challenges and generational turnovers within a family company context. With wine as a product of cultural heritage and economic value, particularly in countries such as Cyprus, wineries will have to adopt strategic applications in their survival and facilitation of economic growth. However, some of the more important success factors contributing to small and medium enterprises (SMEs’) success are effective marketing strategies, succession planning, innovation for sustainability, and product differentiation (Kasimati et al., 2024). In complex organizations such as family-owned wineries marketing tools turned to be very useful for the alignment of business goals in market demands. The intergenerational succession and coupling of market orientation to long-term strategic thoughts are different for these businesses (Georgiou et al., 2023). At the same time, sustainability-oriented innovation (SOI) and smart farm technologies (SFT) are changing the way operational practices are carried out to promote environmental requirements and increase product quality and economic profitability (Luzzini et al., 2023). At the same time, the availability of new methods to characterize aroma through GC-MS/MS provides wineries new opportunities for distinguishing their products based on sensory attributes, key drivers of consumer choice and brand loyalty (Ligas et al., 2024). The application of marketing tools in a complex winery is evaluated critically in this assignment concerning strategic planning, sustainability, and competitive advantage. The following assignment explores how integrated marketing and technological methodologies help with decision-making and help sustain the market-oriented wine business.

El capítulo analiza cómo el gobierno cardenista intentó transformar la economía y sociedad de Tijuana en el marco del plan para el Territorio Norte y las fronteras. Se argumenta que las medidas implementadas desde 1935 buscaban eliminar actividades atractivas para visitantes extranjeros, las cuales se apartaban del turismo promovido por el gobierno cardenista, alineado con un proyecto nacionalista, que pretendía impulsar el desarrollo de infraestructura (electrificación, carreteras) y el crecimiento económico regional.

Es claro que el futuro del vino esta inexorablemente conectado con la vitalidad de la tierra y la salud de los humanos. Los vinicultores y viticultores deben entender tanto la condición de urgencia del planeta y su rol que juegan, aunque pequeño pero significante, para mejorar la salud -tanto humana como natural. Deben de buscar, por lo tanto, en una manera responsable, adaptar y mitigar los impactos del cambio climático y seguir produciendo caldos representativos del terruño valenciano. No es una tarea fácil, se vienen años muy complicados. El futuro del sector del vino dependen de un plan de acción efectivo y eficiente. La realidad, aunque trágica, es que el clima del planeta esta cambiando. Como responda la industria del vino determinará si el sector, la cultura y los actores que la componen, sobrevive o no. PALABRAS CLAVE: vitivinicultura, mercado del vino, marketing del vino, vino en España, vino en la Comunidad Valenciana, vitivinicultura ecológica y biodinámica, cambio climático, sostenibilidad en la viña, consumidores de vino, enoturismo. Its clear that the future of wine is inexorably connected with the vitality of the soil and the health of humans. The viticulturists and winemakers must understand the urgent condition of the planet and the role they play, although small but meaningful, to improve health -both human and the natural environment. They must seek, as such, in an responsable way, to mitigate the effects of climate change, adapt, and continue producing wines that reflect the terroir of Valencia. Its not an easy task, complicated times lie ahead. The future of the wine sector depends on an effective and efficient action plan. The reality, although tragic, is that climate change is changing the planet. How the wine sector responds will determine if the culture and actors that compose it will survive or not. KEYWORDS: viticulture, wine market, wine marketing, wine in Spain, wine of Comunidad Valenciana, organic and biodynamic viticulture, climate change, sustainability in the vineyard, wine consumers, product differentiation, wine tourism. Eichelmann, P Plan de Acción "La noble vid se sentía gozosa de que su fuerza, trocada en ríos de vino y en montones de moneda, fuera la dicha del amo, el placer de su vivienda, el lujo de los vestidos, el viaje, el brillo y la fiesta,

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify the main firm-level performance indicators and group them in dimensions that support decision-making in the wine industry. Design/methodology/approach-To achieve this goal, an SLR approach was conducted in the Scopus database from 2009 to 2019. From a set of 607 articles, only 25 studies related to firm-level performance indicators were considered and, following an inductive thematic analysis and an interpretative synthesis, separated into different specific foci that include social, economic and environmental dimensions.

Numerosas ciudades en España han visto ya las ventajas que reportan las actividades enológicas. Castilla y León se intenta posicionar como una comunidad ideal para el destino enoturístico, cultural y para la realización de eventos. La investigación que se muestra pretende dar a conocer el mundo del enoturismo y acercarlo a un mayor número de personas de forma llamativa e interactiva a través de la Comunicación online y de las Redes Sociales. Se trata de valorar la comunidad de Castilla y León como destino enoturístico a nivel nacional y mundial y de un caso en particular como es el grupo de bodegas Matarromera, líder en esta comunidad autónoma. Para ello se ha contactado con el Director de Comunicación de este Grupo de Bodegas para que nos ofrezca su opinión sobre la gestión de la Comunicación online y las Redes Sociales en estas bodegas. Los resultados afirman que Internet y los Social Media son buenos para comunicar la cultura del vino y conectar con el público más joven.

Os irmãos Barão são emigrantes de segunda geração na Suíça, mas decidiram investir na propriedade dos seus avós para produzirem vinho biológico destinado ao mercado suíço. A aposta na agricultura biológica foi também uma reação à destruição dos olivais tradicionais que está a ocorrer no Alentejo.

O Alentejo tem algumas castas brancas autóctones que imprimem um forte carácter regional ao vinho, variedades perfeitamente adaptadas aos solos, ao clima e à geografia da paisagem transtagana há centenas de anos. Todavia, nos últimos anos foram sendo substituídas por outras castas oriundas de outras regiões portuguesas e de outros países. Nesta reportagem fomos conhecer a Perrum, uma variedade local que pode originar, quando compreendida, vinhos excecionais.

O Grupo Abegoaria liderado por Manuel Bio nasceu na sub-região Granja-Amareleja em 2007. Após um forte crescimento orgânico, tornou-se numa das maiores empresas de vinhos portugueses depois da aquisição da Vidigal Wines, passando a operar em quase todas as regiões, num projeto que une vinhos, queijos, enchidos, azeites e turismo a nível nacional, mas com fortes ambições internacionais.

Nomograms of the relationship between the internal friction angles and the median diameters of the
particles of different shapes have been considered in order to evaluate the stability of the channel forming particles.
Based on experimental and theoretical studies, we have obtained correlations between internal friction angles
of the particles of different particle shapes with the same diameters - the larger this indicator, the less probability
the bottom sediments are to move and vice versa. This correlation acquires the maximum value in the case of sandgravel fraction, which led to its anomalous action. It has been ascertained, that the washing and sedimentation
process of the water channel of the debris flow largely depends on the shape of its constituting particles.
It is desirable to take the above mentioned into account when calculating the volumes of mudflow in the transit
and accumulation zones, after which it will be possible to predict the ecological impact of the mudflows on the
adjacent area.

Although public interest in sustainable and safer products have steadily risen worldwide, research has shown a difference between consumer’s willingness to purchase, and actual purchasing behavior, for which two main explanations exist, including a lack of accessibility and a poor knowledge of related attributes. Fortunately, the emergence of online food markets may improve this situation through convenient accessibility to sustainable food and detailed description about sustainability labels. This research uses a hedonic price analysis to compare the price premiums for the sustainability attribute in Chinese online and offline markets, using edible oil as a case. The specific objective is to test the different values of a sustainable attribute, a green food label, in two types of markets. Results show that the green food attribute could gain a price premium in the online market but not in the offline market, indicating the importance of the online channel for sustainable food sale ...

Resumen Las etiquetas o marbetes de las botellas forman parte de lo que se ha venido denominando "ephemera", elementos destinados a su destrucción casi inmediata una vez utilizadas. Sin embargo, dada la calidad artística de muchas de ellas, al tiempo que por la información transmitida, son objetos de estudio no solo en cuanto a las características del contenido de las botellas, sino que también como testimonios gráfi cos de una época, de la cual proporcionan información. Dada su estructura, texto e imagen, han de ser consideradas como un nuevo tipo de emblema. El presente trabajo se centra en la interpretación y análisis de aquellas etiquetas que, nacidas en la crisis fi nisecular como consecuencia de la pérdida de las últimas colonias, vuelven la vista hacia la historia, buscando referentes del orgullo patrio. El método iconológico, utilizado en el análisis de otras obras de arte, es también susceptible de su utilización con las etiquetas, consideradas por algunos, erróneamente creemos, como arte menor. Palabras clave Etiquetas, Marco del jerez, Crisis fi nisecular, Método iconológico, Emblemática.

In this article, we examine the transformative potential of changing quality regimes in agro-food industries through the analysis of whether Fair Trade wine in Argentina provides a meaningful economic alternative that goes beyond the impact it has on direct beneficiaries. The wine sector has a long history in valorising a variety of quality dimensions, and has developed one of the most complex and sophisticated quality infrastructures, making it an ideal terrain of analysis. Furthermore, it is going through a major process of restructuring in which the battle-lines are drawn along the application, challenge and reinterpretation of different quality content. Through the lenses of a sectoradjusted version of regulation theory, we show that the Fair Trade wine sector does not substantially deviate from the conventional wine economy in Argentina. Instead of empowering the most vulnerable groups, those producing table wine for the domestic market, Fair Trade is actually further marginalizing them.

Wine has captivated humanity for thousands of years, serving as a symbol of culture, celebration, and community. From ancient rituals to modern dining experiences, this beloved beverage has woven itself into the fabric of societies around the world. Its rich history and evolving practices continue to intrigue wine enthusiasts and casual drinkers alike. Each bottle tells a story, reflecting the terroir, climate, and artistry of the winemaker. With the rise of wine appreciation and education, more people are discovering the intricate flavors and traditions behind their favorite varietals. Let's embark on a journey through the fascinating world of wine! The Ancient Beginnings

This article analyzes the provisions implemented by the federal government with the aim of promoting industrial production of wine in Baja California in the mid-1930s. The research based on primary sources revealed that such measures proved insufficient given the difficulties viniculturists had to secure vine supply, despite being within the free zone.

Se examina el temprano cambio del gusto del vino en el Río de la Plata al pasar del paradigma hispanocriollo al paradigma francés, en la década de 1840. Se indaga el papel de la migración francesa temprana, medio siglo antes de la etapa de migración masiva. El estudio se realizó a partir de fuentes francesas y británicas, incluyendo informes comerciales, diplomáticos y políticos, con particular referencia a los debates parlamentarios en el Congreso francés. Se descubre que los 15.000 inmigrantes franceses instalados en el Río de la Plata entre 1835 y 1850 pusieron de moda los productos franceses, particularmente el vino, contribuyendo al proceso de cambio del gusto y los patrones de consumo. Este fenómeno también tuvo efectos en el posterior desarrollo de la industria vitivinícola regional, con el gradual avance del modelo francés y el abandono del legado hispanocriollo, en un contexto de creciente eurocentrismo.

The early change in wine taste in the Río de la Plata is examined, when passing from the Spanish-Creole paradigm to the French paradigm, in the 1840s. The role of early French migration is investigated, half a century before the stage of mass migration. The study was carried out from French and British sources, including commercial, diplomatic and political reports, with particular reference to parliamentary debates in the French congress. It is discovered that the 15,000 French immigrants, settled in the Río de la Plata between 1835 and 1850, made French products, particularly wine, fashionable; contributing to the process of changing taste and consumption patterns. This phenomenon also had effects on the subsequent development of the regional wine industry, with the gradual advance of the French model and the abandonment of the Hispano-Creole legacy, in a context of growing Eurocentrism.

A vitivinicultura constitui uma das actividades económicas centrais no sector agrícola, pela capacidade de gerar mais valias na valorização do produto. Distingue-se também pela constante competência na promoção do seu mercado, através da reinvenção dos componentes de produção. A tendência mais recente centra-se na revalorização dos conhecimentos adquiridos, seja através dos vinhos "ecológicos" na recuperação de técnicas e heranças tradicionais e prévias à industrialização. Este esforço de incorporação de saberes na produção atinge agora os conteúdos técnicos e preceitos da Antiguidade clássica, valorizando o vinho no seu posicionamento de mercado. Outra tendência vincada constitui a valorização de sítios arqueológicos de época romana que se encontram nos domínios de produção, alcançando públicos interessados no enoturismo. Este congresso pretende debater as melhores práticas de transferência de conhecimento desde os estudos académicos e investigação científica, debatendo o modo como os produtores podem incorporar conhecimento nas estratégias produtivas. Procuramos reinterpretar técnicas e modelos tradicionalmente associados à viticultura romana, debatendo metodologias e ferramentas para o seu estudo e apresentando modelos de boas práticas na vitivinicultura contemporânea.

Este artículo estudia el itinerario histórico de la variedad de uva País (Listán Prieto) en Argentina, Chile y Perú. Se distingue su proceso de ascenso, hegemonía, declinación y resurgimiento. En cada etapa se examina la superficie cultivada, los usos (sobre todo vinos y destilados) y valoración social. Se concluye que, tras 150 años de desvalorización debido al auge del paradigma francés, la uva País ha iniciado un proceso de recuperación debido a su dimensión simbólica y su significado como patrimonio ancestral. Palabras clave: patrimonio vitivinícola, variedades españolas de uva, Listán Prieto.

In Serbia, besides 'Požegača' and autochthonous plum cultivars, some cultivars developed in Čačak are used for the production of plum brandy. 'Čačanska Lepotica' and 'Čačanska Najbolja' are dessert cultivars which are being processed into brandy only in seasons when the demand for fresh fruits on the market is low. 'Čačanska Rodna' is the cultivar with combined properties, and is mainly used for the production of brandy and drying. 'Požegača' (which used to be a standard for brandy production) was most commonly used raw material for the production of premium-quality plum brandy. This paper presents the study of influence of plum cultivars developed in Čačak on the content of some major volatile components and sensory characteristics of plum brandy. Upon removing the stones, fruits of the studied cultivars were processed into plum brandy by the common method. The contents of methanol, 8 higher alcohols, 3 acids, 10 esters, acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde were determined in the produced plum brandies by gas chromatography. Plum brandies made from the above stated cultivars differed in the content of particular components. Methanol content in all brandies was lower than legally permitted. The highest content of higher alcohols, acids and total esters (without ethylacetate and ethyllactate) was found in brandy produced from 'Čačanska Lepotica'. The highest ethylacetate and benzaldehide content was recorded in brandy produced from 'Požegača'. With regard to the sensory characteristics, the brandy made from 'Čačanska Lepotica' was graded highest, whereas brandies produced from cultivars 'Požegača', 'Čačanska Rodna' and 'Čačanska Najbolja' followed. Research Institute Čačak ('Čačanska Lepotica', 'Čačanska Najbolja' and 'Čačanska Rodna') which are tolerant of the Sharka virus (Ogašanović et al., 2000). In breeding these cultivars, parental combinations included 'Požegača' which is distinguished for its high fruit quality of combined properties. Over the most recent period, the utilization of plum cultivars bred at the Fruit Research Institute Čačak for brandy making has been increased. 'Čačanska Lepotica' and 'Čačanska Najbolja' are high-quality dessert cultivars which are processed into brandy most commonly over the years characterized with a low demand on the fresh market. As 575

Čačanska Rodna' is a plum cultivar with combined properties which is mainly used for drying and producing plum brandy, but is also as the dessert cultivar and for freezing. Fruit weight in this cultivar varies greatly (from less than 20 g to values exceeding 40 g). This fruit property is not considered crucial for assessing quality of plum brandy, therefore training system need not presuppose hard pruning. However, in order to gain top-quality fruits for fresh consumption, drying and freezing (with fruit weight higher than 30 g and even in excess of 40 g) hard pruning in plum orchards is a must. Unfavourable market trends in some years tend to result in lower demand for this cultivar be it fresh or frozen or intended for processing. In such circumstances, high-quality fruits of 'Čačanska Rodna' from hard-pruning orchards are used only as the raw material for plum brandy production. The paper presents the study of quality of plum brandies (chemical composition prescribed by the law regulation and sensory characteristics) produced by the identical technological procedure from high-quality fruits of 'Čačanska Rodna' grown on four different sites. Fruit weight ranged from 31.96 g to 42.11 g. Although chemical composition and assessment of sensory characteristics of produced brandies varied among sites, quality of all produced plum brandies satisfied requirements of the law regulation of Serbia and the EU. By processing high-quality fruits of 'Čačanska Rodna' we obtained brandies with concentrations of methanol (below 5.62 g/L а.а.) and HCN (less than 1 mg/L a.a.) considerably lower than the values prescribed by the law as maximum.

Entre los siglos XVII y XIX el Norte Chico de Chile se convirtió en un dinámico polo de producción y exportación de aguardientes. El aguardiente se destinaba al mercado de Potosí, tanto por vía marítima como por vía terrestre, gracias al servicio regular de transporte de carga que ofrecían los arrieros. Surgió así la ruta del aguardiente, que contribuyó a establecer estrechos lazos económicos, sociales y culturales entre las ciudades, villas y localidades rurales de las actuales Chile, Argentina y Bolivia. Así se echaron las bases para el desarrollo de la Denominación de Origen Pisco, delimitada en 1931. Palabras clave: aguardiente, rutas comerciales, vino, pisco, denominaciones de origen, industria vitivinícola.

La pandemia: impacto económico y pronóstico de recuperación La pandemia: impacto económico y pronóstico de recuperación Resumen La pandemia mundial declarada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 en 2020 ocasionó una pronunciada caída de la producción y cambios en los hábitos de consumo de la población. El objetivo del artículo es identificar el impacto de la pandemia en la producción y el consumo en México y la frontera norte así como pronosticar su recuperación económica. Con datos nacionales, se compararon las variaciones porcentuales de las actividades económicas y del gasto de los hogares entre 2018 y 2021 y se estimó un modelo ARIMA para pronosticar la actividad económica a nivel estatal. Los resultados indican que la pandemia ocasionó incrementos del comercio al menudeo, de los servicios de salud, de transportación y de esparcimiento, mientras que los consumidores priorizaron la compra de productos básicos y en línea. El impacto de la pandemia en México fue profundo pero breve, por lo que se pronostica una rápida recuperación económica hacia 2025, excepto por los estados fronterizos de Coahuila y Tamaulipas.

Spirits have proliferated and become an indispensable part of most gastronomic cultures around the world. The production and consumption of fruit brandies, especially plum and grape brandies as well as pear and apple brandies, have a long tradition in the countries of Southeast Europe. The aim of this study was to evaluate 47 fruit brandies produced in small distilleries and industrial plants from five countries. The content of the most common volatile compounds (methanol, higher alcohols and fatty acid esters) and the sensory quality of the fruit brandies were analysed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using theconcentrations of the main volatile compounds in the spirit samples and sensory evaluation to identify similarities or differences between the spirit samples based on distillery size. The methanol concentration in all samples was below the EU legal limit. Methanol concentration was highest in Williams pear spiritsand lowest in grape pomace spirits. The PCA sa...

Humic acids isolated from some peat deposits are obtained in two ways. In the course of the experiments, it was found that the acids isolated by the ultrasonic method had a higher physiological activity than the acids isolated by the Kononova-Belchikova method. When the preparations are isolated by the ultrasonic method, the time of contact of humic acids with the reagents is much less, which causes their lower oxidation. Physiological activity of the preparations was studied using water cultures of beans. Two series of experiments were carried out. In the first series, the preparations were introduced directly into the water, and in the second series, through the leaves. It was established that all preparations isolated by us had physiological activity. In the case of the introduction of drugs into the water, the ratio of the total biomass to the weight of the roots was less than in the control variants, and when top dressing through the leaves, it was higher. Preparations isolated...

The antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content (TPC), and total flavonoids content (TFC) of sea buckthorn juice was analyzed with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) in ethanol, methanol, and acetone extracts. The choice of a suitable solvent system is necessary so as not to skew the results. Undiluted juice of sea buckthorn berries is not suitable for the mentioned analyzes. Sea buckthorn juices were evaporated under vacuum until completely dry and then dissolved in 100% methanol, 96% ethanol, 70% ethanol, and 50% acetone. The 70% ethanol extract of sea buckthorn juice had an average of 1.3- and 1.6-times greater TPC and TFC values than other extracts, respectively. The 70% ethanol extract of juice contained 29 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dw and 4 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g dw. The results of the antioxidant activity of the extracts determined by EPR spectroscopy had an error rate ~ 2.5 times lower than the UV-VIS analysis. The high...

Hippophae rhamnoides L. is an important source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. Phytochemical compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of berries, and leaf extracts from four Romanian sea buckthorn cultivars were investigated. Large differences in the content of total polyphenols and flavonoids between the varieties were observed. HPLC analysis of the polyphenolic compounds showed greater differences in content in leaves than in berries. This study confirmed that sea buckthorn leaves and berries are a rich source of phenolic compounds, especially quercetin derivatives and hydrocinnamic acid derivatives. Five carotenoid compounds were identified in the berries: lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, cis-β-carotene, and β-carotene. From the results obtained in this study, it can be stated that the varieties whose berries yielded the highest quantities of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity, can be ranked as follows: SF6 > Golden Abundant > Carmen > Colosal, and for leaf extracts the ranked order is SF6 > Golden Abundant > Colosal > Carmen. A strong correlation between the total flavonoid yield and antioxidant activity (r = 0.96), was observed. All extracts showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. cereus, and P. aeruginosa, however extracts from berries were less potent than extracts from leaves.

Under the centuries‐old Place de Bordeaux system for selling the finest wines, winemakers do not sell directly to final consumers or to distributors. Rather, they rely on expert brokers to negotiate with merchants who have a strong knowledge of international markets. Modified in the 1980s with a process to encourage advance sales of wines still in the barrel, this complex arrangement appears decidedly out of step with growing international demand for Bordeaux wine and trends toward direct consumer contact. Yet, interviews with winemakers, brokers, and merchants reveal that wineries remain reluctant to change despite the possibility of increased profits. Respect for tradition, the bonds of trust nurtured over time, and the legitimacy of the Place de Bordeaux—coupled with the fear of not being allowed to re‐enter the market should an experiment with independence fail—continues to lead the region's wine professionals to adhere to the status quo. Assuming a cultural and normative id...

Las etiquetas o marbetes que, adheridas a las botellas de vidrio sirven para identificar los vinos y licores contenidos en ellas, constituyen una de las manifestaciones artísticas más interesantes y que mayor influencia han tenido desde finales del siglo XIX, no solo en el campo del arte, sino también en el de la publicidad, surgidas a raíz del comercio de los vinos a gran escala, que se ve favorecida por los avances tecnológicos de la industria tipográfica.

A new reading of a specific point in the independence process of the Southern Cone is proposed from a perspective that recognizes the role of the muleteers, particularly in the campaign of the Army of the Andes (1815-1818). As a working hypothesis, considered that the detailed knowledge they had of the Andean landscapes, together with the information networks articulated with grocery stores and tavern keepers, played a relevant role since they not only facilitated the transit of an army but also the circulation of valuable antecedents regarding the enemy forces, necessary for the implementation of military operations. The hypothesis is confronted with the historical documents and sources. It is concluded that the contribution of these subjects was substantial for the success of the liberation campaign in three planes: design of the routes, management of the campaign in the field and articulation of the secret service of the undercover war. Despite their outstanding work, the muleteers were quickly abandoned by the elites and later made invisible by nineteenth-century Chilean and Argentine historiography, which only highlighted the action of the military leaders.

El vínculo entre el primer peronismo y las asociaciones intermedias constituye una línea de investigación que ha sido inaugurada no hace mucho tiempo atrás con los estudios históricos de Romero (2002), Acha (2004 y 2008) y Marcilese (2009) centrados fundamentalmente en la provincia de Buenos Aires. En el trabajo que aquí presentamos brindamos un análisis sobre la conformación de una entidad gremial ubicada en el departamento de General San Martín-Mendoza en los años previo a la llegada del peronismo al país y a la provincia. Este municipio forma parte de la micro-región Este de Mendoza y se constituyó en una zona vitivinícola por excelencia. El mismo fue el escenario donde surgieron y se consolidaron diversas organizaciones intermedias (Rotary Club, Casa España, Círculo italiano, etc.) y entre ellas la Filial del Este del Centro de Bodegueros de Mendoza que aquí presentamos. Reconstruimos el camino recorrido por la entidad mencionada en defensa de sus intereses, su dirigencia, sus r...

During the last decades there have been significant changes in trade regulations that are modifying the global trade of wine. The number of non-tariff measures (NTMs) adopted in the wine sector is relevant. Similarly, a large number of bilateral trade agreements have been adopted. Despite the regulation is heavy, the impact of these policy instruments on trade is not always clear, nor quantified at global scale. We investigate the effects that bilateral NTMs are showing on global imports of wine. In particular, we estimate a gravity model to explain how bilateral NTMs influence wine trade, and we disentangle these effects for different segments of the international market of wine. Our results suggest that bilateral NTMs tend to favour imports of wine. Differences emerge across market segments and types of regulations. In particular, the Technical Barriers to Trade favour (friction) bottled (bulk) wine; pre-shipment inspections enhance imports of bottled wine; the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards are the most trade-enhancing NTMs, regardless of the market segment.