Wine Economics

El artículo analiza unos establecimientos de restauración de Tenerife, en Islas Canarias, España, denominados “guachinches”, destacando su relevancia en la economía informal y su papel como elementos clave en la cultura y sociedad locales. Estos establecimientos, surgidos como espacios ocasionales para la venta de excedentes de vino y comida casera, se revelan como alternativas ante la globalización alimentaria, preservando costumbres culinarias y vitivinícolas autóctonas. A través de una metodología etnográfica exploramos cómo los guachinches se han moldeado históricamente desde la informalidad económica, en su lucha por mantenerse y hacerse valer frente a la fricción existente entre lo tradicional e informal y el campo de lo moderno y formal. En esa exploración se incide en cómo el marco legal actual no logra abarcar la totalidad de estos establecimientos, evidenciando una clara distinción entre los reconocidos legalmente y aquellos que operan al margen de la normativa. Pese a los retos normativos y económicos, los guachinches persisten como bastiones de la identidad tinerfeña, demostrando la importancia de la sostenibilidad social y ecológica, así como la conservación de los procesos agroalimentarios locales.

El capítulo inicia, después de la introducción, con un apartado en que
se plantean los conceptos básicos de desarrollo territorial e innovación
social, y se describe el proyecto general para el que se ideó el modelo de
intervención. A continuación, en el apartado tres, se explica el modelo de
intervención propuesto, diseñado particularmente para este caso. El cuarto
apartado recupera una semblanza socioeconómica de la zona a partir de los resultados de una encuesta levantada en hogares en 2019. El quinto punto detalla la dinámica operativa de reunión con los actores e incluye, como ejemplo, los resultados obtenidos respecto a las dinámicas productivas del sector. Por último, se presentan algunas reflexiones finales.

Au moment de remettre le résultat d'un travail long de sept années, je ne peux m'empêcher d'avoir une pensée émue autant que nostalgique pour les maîtres qui m'ont formé et qui ne sont plus de ce monde. Je pense d'abord à Marcel Vigreux, qui m'a accueilli lors de mon entrée à l'Université de Dijon et qui entreprit la lourde tâche d'inculquer la rigueur scientifique au « bachelier de 68 » que j'étais… Ma seconde pensée va à François Caron, qui fut mon maître en Licence et Maîtrise, un modèle à mes yeux de curiosité intellectuelle et de respect des idées des autres. En même temps qu'il me transmettait le goût de la recherche, il me faisait comprendre que là était peut-être ma vocation. Bien des années après, lorsque j'ai finalement entrepris ce travail, j'ai eu l'impression de lui apporter tardivement une réponse. Entre-temps, j'avais fait la rencontre de Pierre Lévêque, comme professeur lorsque je préparais les concours, mais surtout comme citoyen engagé. Au long des décennies, nous avons gardé le contact de loin en loin, dans nos activités professionnelles et sociales, et j'avais eu le plaisir d'échanger avec lui lorsque je commençais mes recherches. Mais je n'aurais jamais entrepris ce projet au long cours, à l'âge où on pense généralement à des activités moins prenantes, sans l'amitié exigeante de Jean Vigreux. C'est lui qui a su m'en donner l'ambition, et surtout me persuader que j'étais capable d'aller jusqu'à son terme. Tout au long du chemin, il s'est montré constamment disponible à mes demandes d'information ou de conseils méthodologiques, tout en me guidant dans l'entrelacs des sources archivistiques et documentaires. Qu'il en soit ici vivement remercié. Je goûte beaucoup la plaisante ironie d'achever en compagnie du fils le chemin jadis emprunté avec le père… C'est également le moment de remercier les personnes qui, à un moment ou un autre, m'ont aidé dans mes recherches. J'ai d'abord pu bénéficier de l'attention des personnels des Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, où j'ai passé tant de journées. Le même accueil courtois m'a été réservé aux Archives municipales de Beaune. Thomas Thévenin, professeur de Géographie à l'Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, a bien voulu me recevoir pour évoquer l'histoire du réseau de chemin de fer dans la région et m'a fourni de précieuses données historiques et géographiques. Il en a été de même avec Florian Humbert, de l'Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin. Il m'a fait bénéficier de son expertise dans le domaine des Systèmes d'Information Géographique appliqués à l'histoire, et m'a généreusement offert les données dont il disposait. Un travail au long cours comme celui-ci, à l'échelle d'un individu, emplit ses journées, occupe son esprit… au point qu'il est tenté trop fréquemment d'en partager les joies et les peines avec son entourage. C'est dire que je n'aurais pu le mener à bien sans les constants encouragements de ma compagne, Anne. Mieux que personne, elle avait compris l'importance qu'il revêtait à mes yeux. J'ai profité également du regard bienveillant et amusé de mes enfants, Stéphane et Florent. Que tous soient ici vivement remerciés. À l'heure où je termine ces lignes, ma petite-fille, Zélie, vient de faire son entrée. Je peux désormais, l'esprit dégagé, me tourner vers d'autres plaisirs. « NOLAY, 10 août. La vigne est très belle dans les forts terrains, la feuille est très verte, et la grume plus égale qu'en 1858. Dans les terrains légers, la Vigne souffre notamment depuis quatre à cinq jours ; la grappe, énervée par la chaleur, pend entraînée par le poids du grain. Malgré cet état de souffrance, la grume bleuit, et la pluie peut encore tout réparer si elle tombe ces jours-ci, comme le temps nous le fait espérer (…) Nous ajouterons à ces renseignements qu'à Nolay et dans les environs la récolte de 1858 a donnné en vin de gamay environ 54 hect. à l'hectare, c'est-à-dire la pièce de 228 litres par ouvrée de 4 ares 28 centiares, et en bon vin 27 hectolitres à l 'hectare. La récolte de 1857 avait été la moitié de la précédente ; cette dernière est considérée comme pouvant servir de moyenne » C. Ladrey, La Bourgogne revue oenologique et viticole, Dijon Antoine Maitre Libraire Eidteur, 1859, p. 507. « Monsieur le Sous-Préfet, […] L'invasion du phylloxéra dans le territoire de Cirey-les-Nolay remonte à environ 10 ans. Depuis 1878 en effet, un propriétaire remarquait un dépérissement de végétation que l'on attribua d'abord au défaut d'une bonne culture. Mais en 1882, la tache gagnant les vignes voisines, il fallut bien se rendre à l'évidence et reconnaitre la véritable cause du mal : le phylloxéra. Toutefois la nature du sol argilo-calcaire et le climat froid de notre région firent que pendant ces 5 dernières années, la marche du fléau fut fort lente. Mais l'année 1887 a été tellement favorable au développement du mal, que dès aujourd'hui on pense prévoir, par les nombreuses taches qui existent un peu partout, qu'une bonne partie de nos vignobles sont sérieusement menacés. [...] Le maire de Cirey-les-Nolay, lettre au sous-préfet de l'arrondissement de Beaune, octobre 1887 Le monde de la vigne dans la région de Nolay de la fin du XVIIIème à la veille de la Grande guerre Table des matières Table des matières (pages I-IV) Introduction (pages 1-26) Première partie : La région de Nolay à la fin du XVIIIème siècle Chapitre I : Peuplement et dynamiques démographiques (pages 27-41) A -La viticulture : une culture « peuplante » ……………………………………………... 27 B -Une démographie d'Ancien régime …………………………………………………... 28 C -Vers la transition démographique ? …………………………………………………… 35 D -La population active …………………………………………………………………... Chapitre II : Vigne et viticulture en 1789 (pages 42-76) A -La vigne et son emprise spatiale à la fin de l'Ancien Régime …………………………… 42 B -La viticulture bourguignonne : une activité immuable ? ……………………………... 59 C -Les aléas de la production et des prix ………………………………………………… 71 Chapitre III : Une région en voie de spécialisation (pages 77-105) A -Des progrès dans la vinification et la conservation des vins ………………………….. B -Une révolution des transports au XVIIIe siècle ? ………………………………………81 C -Naissance et essor du négoce des vins de Bourgogne ………………………………… 90 D -L'émergence des crus en Côte de Beaune …………………………………………… 104 Chapitre IV : Propriété foncière et modes d'exploitation à la veille de la Révolution (pages 106-140

The entry into force of the U-LABEL regulation in the
EU ((2021/2117, scheduled for December 8, 2023), could
foster a technological gap in the viticulture of emerging
countries, where the awareness of climatic qualities and
paedological conditions of each viticultural region is also
increasing. Nowadays, wine rules for consumption might
create incentives for transparency and wine traceability,
demanding more and better information from
winegrowers. The new technological support includes the
evocation of human factors, biodiversity and protection
of a particular landscape. All these elements might be
materialized into relevant data, counting massive digital
support. The aim of my contribution is to suggest such
data is likely to be framed by law

When it comes to wine communication, winery names can serve as multidimensional communication mechanisms. Their various aspects of communication concern the historical context, tourism geography, socioeconomic tourism development, wine knowledge, and even gastronomy. On this basis, a whole communication strategy could be developed, which could lead to progressive interaction and networking with consumers. Quality needs to be fully and properly communicated through multiple channels. This paper aims to reveal the importance of the way in which wine producers in Northern Greece construct their brand identity through strategic naming choices-such as Estate, Ktima, Château, or the producer's family name-as opposed to more neutral or descriptive labels. The findings suggest that winery names contribute significantly to consumer perception, place branding, and the development of wine tourism. The choice of a winery name influences regional identity, strengthens the connection with local traditions, and enhances the commercial success and tourism appeal of the region.

Wine communication management is a continuous effort to deliver a communication framework that is built on many factors such as the terroir, the grape variety, the geographical indication, the geomorphological profile of each wine zone, the producer's philosophy, the winemaking methods, and finally the general cultural and social contribution. This paper attempts to run a systematic literature review in the field of wine communication focused on wine labels. The research is based on the combined keywords, "wine label" and "wine label communication" on databases in a range between 2010 and 2024. The purpose of this paper is to provide useful insights to researchers, students, and interested parties in the wine industry about the way dominant label information is decoded by consumers. The contribution of this work is to set a specific conceptual framework for wine label information that could be useful in the field of wine communication strategies.

The aim of the paper was to evaluate the economic efficiency of beekeeping and olive production, and the development possibilities of a selected beekeeping and olive production family farm in the area of Marina Municipality, SplitDalmatia County. Costs and revenues deduced in the calculations represented the basis for a calculation of relevant economic indicators of beekeeping and J. Gugić i sur.: Ekonomska efikasnost pčelarsko-maslinarskog obiteljskog poljoprivrednog gospodarstva 332 olive production, and of the family farm business as a whole. Six family members live on the farm, where family work prevails in beekeeping and olive production. On the analysed family farm there is a mobile apiary with 80 honey producing standard Langstroth-Root (LR) hives, and 1.55 hectares of olive grove, and a total of 170 olive trees. In 2008 at the level of the complete family farm, the achieved financial result amounted to 63,473.00 HRK, and in 2009 the amount was 27,161.00 HRK. The values of ec...

In passato la descrizione morfologica delle piante e in particolare dei vitigni, nonché lo studio delle attitudini di adattamento al clima, al terreno, alla resistenza alle malattie e alle intemperie erano il risultato della raccolta di numerose informazioni che il naturalista, il botanico, lʼerudito acquisivano contando solo sulla loro capacità di indagine sensoriale; erano frutto, quindi, di unʼattenta analisi del maggior numero di dettagli possibili. Questa attitudine (dedizione e passione) spesso si accompagnava alla capacità di rappresentazione grafica, per meglio evidenziare le differenze tra gli esemplari osservati, alla formazione di collezioni delle varietà in appositi campi e a creare erbari con il materiale vegetale (foglie, maglioli, semi, ecc.) . Oggi, questa modalità operativa e il relativo bagaglio di notazioni qualitative e quantitative rimane pur sempre importante, ma non è più sufficiente a fornire risposte adeguate agli interrogativi e alle esigenze conoscitive degli agronomi; risposte che, invece, solo le moderne indagini molecolari di laboratorio possono offrire. La nascita ufficiale dell'Ampelografiadisciplina che si occupa di descrivere le differenze tra le molteplici varietà di vitipur se il termine era già stato utilizzato in precedenza, si fa risalire al 1841, anno di pubblicazione dell'Essai d'Ampélographie del conte Alexandre-Pierre Odart, seguito, nel 1845, dal suo Traité d'ampélographie, ridenominato nel 1849 Ampélographie universelle . Questi studi sistematici ponevano le basi di una nuova branca delle scienze naturali, creando uno spartiacque rispetto al passato, in termini di codificazione e metodologia scientifica. Ed è questo il terreno impervio nel quale durante tutto lʼOttocento hanno sviluppato le loro ricerche tanti studiosi europei, soprattutto francesi e italiani. Tra questi ultimi vanno ricordati

La dimensión conocimiento ha sido abordada por diversas disciplinas, desde la psicología (Rodrigo y Arnay, 1997) hasta la economía (Boscherini y Poma, 2000; David y Foray, 2002) pasando por la sociología (Lowy, 1991)
y aprovechado en la empresa (Aaky, 1990). En este capítulo, se pre sentan
algunos supuestos que pretenden exponer las relaciones que exis ten entre el desarrollo local y el aprendizaje en los territorios. Lo anterior lo ha cemos a partir de la esquematización de algunas propuestas de análisis que hemos considerado pertinentes a partir de las cuales se sostienen los argumentos.

New excavations carried out in the northern part of the ancient promontory of Utica have allowed the definition of stratigraphic sequences dated by ceramics of varied production : Phoenician, Greek, Sardinian and local. In this paper, we present a quantitative and typochronological analysis of the amphorae attested in these different sequences, emphasising the technical and morphological changes. This new amphora panorama shows that Utica constituted, from the end of the ninth century BCE, a place of experimentation and represents an intersection of different traditions and influences thanks to the intensity of trade networks from the east and west.

In the last week of February 2020, Sfriso Winery, a small, family-owned winery in the countryside of northeastern Italy, was forced to indefinitely suspend operations as one of the first wine businesses affected by the crisis resulting from the Coronavirus pandemic. The prospect of indefinite delays affecting their traditional distribution model forced the husband and wife team of Pier Sfriso and Réka Háros to rely on innovation as a means to find new customers. With the couple predominantly relying on tourism for new client acquisition before COVID-19, the prospect of attracting enough customers via alternative means appeared daunting. The impact of COVID-19 hit when a commercially life-saving order fell through in the early weeks of the pandemic. This small business in a global market suddenly became impacted by a crisis. The challenge to this husband and wife team at Sfriso Winery was to thus find a way to turn this constraint in traditional sales revenues into a profitable market opportunity. This case thus explores two key research questions. Firstly, how can a small business identify a market opportunity in the midst of a supply chain crisis? Secondly, how does a little-known winery create sufficient demand using electronic word-of-mouth? The Sfrisos' responses to these two questions resulted in a defaulted sale of 6000 bottles of wine becoming the centerpiece of a successful online campaign. #The6000Project was born. The case follows the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on a small wine business. This case illustrates how a little-known winery, in a little-known winemaking village was able to utilize knowledge of marketing as a means to identify an opportunity during a crisis. By using the advantages of online communications via a social media campaign, the owners succeeded in attracting enough new consumers to their small brand. This research project is ideally run as a 2-stage, multimedia case study. The case study is outlined in the following pages, as two sets of supports: for the case moderator(s), and for case participants. This case would be valuable for any wine producer wanting to follow a template for identifying opportunity in the midst of a crisis, and/or any business wanting to investigate means for utilizing social media for the purpose of initiating a crowdfunding campaign when limited funds are available for marketing. a

In the last week of February 2020, Sfriso Winery, a small, family-owned winery in the countryside of northeastern Italy, was forced to indefinitely suspend operations as one of the first wine businesses affected by the crisis resulting from the Coronavirus pandemic. The prospect of indefinite delays affecting their traditional distribution model forced the husband and wife team of Pier Sfriso and Réka Háros to rely on innovation as a means to find new customers. With the couple predominantly relying on tourism for new client acquisition before COVID-19, the prospect of attracting enough customers via alternative means appeared daunting. The impact of COVID-19 hit when a commercially life-saving order fell through in the early weeks of the pandemic. This small business in a global market suddenly became impacted by a crisis. The challenge to this husband and wife team at Sfriso Winery was to thus find a way to turn this constraint in traditional sales revenues into a profitable marke...

The Italian expression \u201ccoltura promiscua\u201d, internationally used (Meynier, 1958; Zimmermann, 1981; Meeus, and al., 1990; Pinto Correia 2005; Zimmermann, 2006), indicates the association between pollarded trees, vines and arable land, typical of the Italian Peninsula,. Until the 1960s it used to provide one of the most famous traditional agricultural landscapes of Europe (Sereni, 1957; Desplanques 1959; Gambi, 1973). By producing agricultural products, as well as preserving agrobiodiversity, \u201ccoltura promiscua\u201d was \u2013 as we would say today \u2013 extremely multifunctional. \u201cColtura promiscua\u201d is nowadays no more practiced, besides the presence of some rare relicts, that the author recently mapped and classified in certain areas in North Eastern Italy. Starting from this research, this paper presents some insights about the role of pollards in Italian traditional landscapes, through historical sources and fieldwork evidence, and propose to learn some ...

Le "Giornate di Campagna" dell'Azienda Le Sette Aje sono un'occasione preziosa per attraversare la soglia di questa impresa agricola e condividere con la famiglia Cannata il loro lavoro quotidiano, i loro valori, la passione profonda che li lega alla campagna siciliana.

Headlines about fraudulent activities in the wine industry are increasingly common in today's newspapers. A case in point involves wineries in Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, which sell their wine to wineries in other regions or countries. These wineries then bottle the wine under their own label and assign it an incorrect designation of origin, leading to deception. To combat this, an overseer role has been established to inspect and monitor the winemaking processes for traceability. However, this measure seems insufficient in preventing fraud. On the other hand, blockchain technologies have already been implemented in supply-chain processes across various industries, including the journey of wine from vineyards to bottling.

front in gold letters. It is a process of change, and the crystallization of a substantial slice of your intellectual life" (Dunleavy, 2003, p. 226). My doctoral dissertation journey has indeed been a life-changing experience entailing a thorough transformation and development in every sense. Having initially graduated as a Master of Arts in Russian language and culture, I entered the field of International Relations with enthusiasm and discovered exciting ways of conceptualizing the social world across disciplinary boundaries. My years as a doctoral researcher have been an adventure of learning and becoming, and I would not be the person I am today without this experience for which I am so tremendously grateful. During these years of learning to become a researcher, I have gained valuable experience, changed and evolved, and my life has transformed in many ways. I have changed countries and stepped out of my comfort zone (and not just once), married the man whom I met in Moscow in 2014 and started a family of my own. Having spent a significant amount of time in Moscow between 2014 and 2022, I witnessed the changes in Russia, yet Russia's attack on Ukraine in February 2022 was a disheartening shock, the broad impact of which continues to unfold, now two and a half years later. Looking back, the period between Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014 and Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 marks a phase of increasing aggression and control in Russia, and it also captures Russia's changing position and status-seeking struggles in international relations and world politics. From a scholarly perspective, I am thankful for having had the opportunity to observe, detect and analyse the social and political dynamics that were unfolding in Russia as well as beyond its territorial borders at that time. First, I would like to thank my dear supervisors, University Lecturer Sirke Mäkinen of the University of Helsinki and University Lecturer Anni Kangas of Tampere University. You are remarkable scholars and women, you both have offered me precious guidance and support, and I truly look up to you. Dear Sirke, it has been an honour to work with you for so many years, even preceding the start of my PhD journey, and to learn from you. You have made a significant impact on my life and my professional identity. I first attended your course on Russian political institutions and practices when I was 19 years old, during my first year of studying at Tampere University, and your habitus made a lasting impression on me. When I started to work as your research assistant one year later, the experience provided me with an insightful window into the fascinating world of academic research. I remember with affection those moments when you would enter the library room in the Politics unit where I worked, and I could discuss with you any questions I had about postgraduate career paths, doing research and accumulating international exposure. I am grateful for your encouragement and support in giving me the courage to embark on the journey to accomplish a PhD in International Relations. I greatly value your thought-provoking remarks about research and working in academia, and our discussions more widely. You are professional, organised and critical yet also supportive, empathetic and understanding -and an amazing role model for any young woman scholar out there. You have been an important part of my life for over a decade, and I am exceedingly grateful for your presence in it. Dear Anni, I am profoundly thankful for having received your abundant advice, perceptive remarks and helpful support on my path of learning to become a scholar of International Relations. Your critical thinking has inspired me to keep on questioning and learning more about the world. Your creativity and conventionsbreaking approach in research have inspired me and greatly contributed to the formation of my scholarly identity. The experiences of writing articles and editing a book together have taught me invaluable lessons about the practices of academic writing, planning, organising and conducting research and acquiring the tacit knowledge of our scholarly world. You have also supported me on my pedagogical path and I greatly appreciate all the teaching experience that I have accumulated over the years. Your warm, encouraging and earnest teaching style that encourages to contemplate and discover has taught me a lot. I have many great shared memories together with you, ranging from our research trips to St. Andrews, London, Moscow and Saint Petersburg to the various events organized by the Kone Foundation funded research project 'Making Spaces of Justice across the East-West Divide', on which you were the principal investigator. I thank you for your trust, support, advice and encouragement as well as your inspirational example over the years. Your scholarly contribution on contemporary art and politics has been inspiring in my interdisciplinary research. When acting as the Academic Coordinator of the Master's Degree Programme in Leadership for Change in 2017-2022, I enjoyed tremendously working closely with the programme and its bright students by giving lectures, participating in administrative work, being one of the LFC book's editors , organizing various workshops as well as less formal social gatherings, and much more. The role of academic coordinator afforded a splendid learning experience as well as added great variety to my research days. I thank the LFC team members for the many years of fruitful and successful working together: thank you

This article aims to present the rarely examined process of rural gentrification in Poland via the example of the vineyard sector, which is a new and dynamically growing segment in the local agriculture. This paper uses quantitative data collected from public statistics, a spatial analysis conducted by GIS, and an authorial survey conducted among vineyard owners. The research findings have revealed that 'vineyard gentrification' does not match the classic rent gap theory; furthermore, being a non-socially severe preliminary rural gentrification performed mostly by high-class representatives, it differs significantly from the traditional pattern in Polish farming.

Moderate wine consumption is, generally, the focus of various medical studies, while consumer behaviour research does not specifically centres on moderation in wine consumption. Wine consumption in moderation is an important part of various healthy diets; still, consumers need to make informed choices when purchasing wine and the information printed on wine labels partially contributes to this process. Therefore, the main aims of this paper were to develop a scale for measuring perceptions of the health benefits associated with moderate wine consumption, and to test the effect of dietary habits and non-obligatory wine label information on the perception of the health benefits associated with moderate wine consumption. The data were collected on a sample of wine consumers who participated in an interdisciplinary experiment regarding the impact of moderate wine consumption on human health. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistics were used. The consumers' socio-demographic characteristics were used as a starting point in the analysis because they influence wine consumption. Gender was identified as a consistently important variable in predicting the perception of health benefits associated with moderate wine consumption. Health behaviour was a significant predictor along with gender, but after introducing non-obligatory wine label information, its significance in explaining the dependent variable was diminished. The results suggest that a consumer's perception of the scale of moderate wine consumption is a unidimensional construct. Furthermore, the nonobligatory information on wine labels was identified and classified as either wine-related warnings or wine-related health benefits.

Purpose -The purpose of the paper was to discover new ways of extending the tourist season through wine tourism. The survey detected which factors are crucial for wine, positive "push" motives of "tourism terroir", wine consumption and satisfaction with wine cellar visits. Methodology -During the IPA/EFRR project "Malvasia TourIstra" a survey was conducted on two convenient samples. Wine cellar owners were selected by their production of high quality autochthonous wines with protected geographic origin. Wine cellar visitors were individual visitors at wine cellars. Two questionnaires were created as research tools for the survey. Findings -Our findings confirm critical factors of wine tourism, describe "push" and "pull" factors for Istria wine tourism, interest in wine itineraries and perceptions of autochthonous wine. Contribution -Our findings might contribute to the development of innovative wine related tourist itineraries that can extend the tourist season.

in Roma produttiva. Artigianato, manifattura e protoindustria nell'Urbe e in area laziale tra Medioevo e Rinascimento (XIII-XVI secolo) ISBN 978-88-85800-41-0 Il convegno è stato realizzato grazie al contributo concesso dalla Direzione generale Educazione, ricerca e istituti culturali del Ministero della cultura Roma nel Rinascimento 2025 a cura di Andrea Fara e Daniele Lombardi, RR inedita 115, saggi

This paper examines the contested evolution of the concepts of natural and artificial wine in Spain with a focus in a period of profound socioeconomic transformation between 1850 and 1900. It explores how wine adulteration, initially understood in economic and geographical terms, evolved into a public health and regulatory concern as industrial winemaking expanded. The study highlights the governmentality tensions that emerged between traditional viticulturists, who advocated for natural wine as an authentic product of the land, and industrial producers, who promoted large-scale artificial wine manufacturing supported by free trade policies. By analyzing oenological treatises, legal debates, and public discourse, the paper demonstrates how struggles over wine authenticity were deeply intertwined with broader conflicts over national identity, economic protectionism, and scientific expertise. Ultimately, this research situates the historical regulation of wine within a biopolitical framework, revealing how state interventions in food production sought to manage both economic interests and the symbolic integrity of Spanish wine.

Georgia’s ancient winemaking traditions have gained international recognition through the modern natural wine movement. In the early 2000s, pioneering Georgian natural winemakers reintroduced traditional methods such as kvevri vinification, drawing global attention to Georgia’s unique wines, particularly orange wines. Inspired by an early definition of natural wine that emerged in Georgia in the nineteenth century, these winemakers have shown that this movement was long overdue. Georgian wine has demonstrated its resilience, with winemakers not only preserving their ancestral techniques, but also innovating while respecting their heritage.

This introduction explores the multifaceted phenomenon of natural wine, a movement redefining traditional winemaking through its emphasis on sustainability, terroir and authenticity. By engaging with winemakers, researchers, and professionals, the text delves into the global impact of natural wine on environmental practices, cultural identity, and market dynamics. Natural wine is positioned as both a critique of industrialization and a celebration of artisanal craftsmanship, balancing debates over science, belief, and aesthetics. The chapter addresses the complexities surrounding natural wine’s definition, controversies within the industry, and the interplay of tradition and modernity. Bridging gaps between academic and non-academic perspectives, it examines natural wine as a social movement and an object of philosophical inquiry. With a focus on transparency, authenticity, and ethical production, this introduction sets the stage for a broader discussion on the challenges and potentials of natural wine in shaping the future of winemaking.

Cilj rada bio je utvrditi ekonomsku efikasnost pčelarske i maslinarske proizvodnje i razvojnu sposobnost odabranog pčelarsko-maslinarskog obiteljskog poljoprivrednog gospodarstva (OPG) koje se nalazi na području općine Marina u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji. Kalkulacijama utvrđeni troškovi i prihodi predstavljali su podlogu za izračunavanje relevantnih ekonomskih veličina i pokazatelja pčelarske i maslinarske proizvodnje, kao i poslovanja gospodarstva u cjelini. Na gospodarstvu živi ukupno 6 članova, a u obavljanju poslova u pčelarskoj i maslinarskoj proizvodnji prevladava obiteljski rad. Analizirano gospodarstvo ima mobilni pčelinjak otvorenog tipa sa 80 proizvodnih standardnih Langstroth-Rootovih (LR) košnica, te 1,55 ha maslinika sa ukupno 170 stabala masline. Na razini cijeloga gospodarstva u 2008. godini ostvaren je financijski rezultat u iznosu od 63.473,00 kn, a u 2009. godini u iznosu od 27.161,00 kn. Vrijednosti ekonomskih pokazatelja proizvodnosti rada, ekonomičnosti i rentabilnosti pokazuju da je poslovanje gospodarstva tijekom dvogodišnjeg razdoblja bilo ekonomski efikasno.

This paper explores the intersection of vitalism, theology, and science in 19th and 20th century Spanish winemaking, focusing on the influential figures of Lucio Bascuñana and Eduardo Vitoria. Both men were engaged in the complex debate over the nature of wine, particularly regarding its production and the use of additives during a period marked by industrialization and scientific advancement, but also by a conflict between natural and artificial wines. Bascuñana's radical rejection of additives and insistence on preserving the "living" essence of wine, influenced by vitalist and theological thought, is juxtaposed with Vitoria's more pragmatic approach, which sought to balance scientific methods with traditional winemaking practices, especially in the context of sacramental wine. Drawing on Bruno Latour's critique of the nature-culture dualism, the paper argues that both Bascuñana and Vitoria envisioned science not as a force of domination but as a partner in sustaining the natural vitality of wine. This study contributes to the historiography of enology by highlighting how debates on natural versus artificial wine in Spain anticipated contemporary concerns within the natural wine movement, emphasizing the ongoing dialog between tradition, scientific progress, and wine authenticity.

This essay examines the parallels between winemaking and child development as practices of intervention within responsive systems. Both are shaped by initial conditions and external expectations. The essay considers how people intervene in systems that respond unevenly to control. It examines tools, the appeal of consistency, the cost of suppressing variation, and the ethical demands of shaping something that also resists shaping. Rather than offering prescriptions, it reflects on the kind of responsibility that arises when outcomes cannot be guaranteed. To guide development in either domain is to work with materials that call for attention, proportion, and interpretive care.

stóp zwrotu portfeli zbudowanych w oparciu o klasyczny model Markowitza z portfelami efektywnymi minimalizującymi semiwariancję od założonej stopy zwrotu. Przeanalizowano podstawowe charakterystyki rozkładu stóp zwrotu oraz zbadano ich zgodność z rozkładem normalnym. Badania objęły wszystkie spółki (56), które w całym okresie od 01.01.1996 r. do 28.02.2001 r. były notowane na WGPW. Żaden z badanych portfeli nie charakteryzuje sie norm alnym rozkładem stóp zwrotu. D la portfeli minimalizujących semiwariancję od założonej stopy zwrotu, odstępstwo od rozkładu norm alnego jest wyraźniejsze niż dla portfeli zbudowanych zgodnie z klasycznym modelem Markowitza. Oznacza to, że dla polskiego rynku akcji właściwsze jest budowanie portfeli z wykorzystaniem semiwariancji od założonej stopy zwrotu niż wariancji. Słowa kluczowe: portfel efektywny, ryzyko, stopa zwrotu, wariancja, semiwariancja, semiwariancja od założonej stopy zwrotu. * M gr, asystent, K atedra Statystyki i Inform atyki, Uniwersytet W arm ińsko-M azurski.

stóp zwrotu portfeli zbudowanych w oparciu o klasyczny model Markowitza z portfelami efektywnymi minimalizującymi semiwariancję od założonej stopy zwrotu. Przeanalizowano podstawowe charakterystyki rozkładu stóp zwrotu oraz zbadano ich zgodność z rozkładem normalnym. Badania objęły wszystkie spółki (56), które w całym okresie od 01.01.1996 r. do 28.02.2001 r. były notowane na WGPW. Żaden z badanych portfeli nie charakteryzuje sie norm alnym rozkładem stóp zwrotu. D la portfeli minimalizujących semiwariancję od założonej stopy zwrotu, odstępstwo od rozkładu norm alnego jest wyraźniejsze niż dla portfeli zbudowanych zgodnie z klasycznym modelem Markowitza. Oznacza to, że dla polskiego rynku akcji właściwsze jest budowanie portfeli z wykorzystaniem semiwariancji od założonej stopy zwrotu niż wariancji. Słowa kluczowe: portfel efektywny, ryzyko, stopa zwrotu, wariancja, semiwariancja, semiwariancja od założonej stopy zwrotu. * M gr, asystent, K atedra Statystyki i Inform atyki, Uniwersytet W arm ińsko-M azurski.

The 6th Sharjah Biennial hosts 118 artists from 25 countries, in April. International Art Biennials have a long history. Venice is celebrating its 50th in June this year, as the original Biennial. Venice established certain protocols for the exhibition of international art. Sharjah, over 12 years, has followed its mode, its remit to survey the art being made in both Arab countries and in the Islamic world, contextualized by inclusion of practices that operate outside that world, Sharjah had categorized like Venice, artists' participation in terms of their national identity. The 6th Biennial allocates further debate, neither inside, nor outside the terms of nationality, but along the borders in-between, in the deposition of these distinct categories of country, by the identities presented in the index of new art practices. This extended category (art) is often itself too indistinct, or general a term, to enable what is radical, or different to be recognized.

Aim of study: This study aims to analyse how psychological factors related to the Covid-19 lockdown affected the frequency of wine consumption among Iberian consumers.Area of study: To achieve this goal, we used data collected from an online survey in Europe comprising 4489 observations from Portuguese and Spanish samples.Material and methods: Using an ordered probit model, we analysed the wine consumption frequency as a function of a set of explanatory variables related to psychological factors and also sociodemographic variables, motivation-related variables and consumption characterisation.Main results: For Spanish respondents the fear of isolation was a decisive factor in increasing the probability of a higher frequency of wine consumption. Meanwhile, in Portugal, the fear of an economic crisis was the psychological factor leading to a higher consumption frequency.Research highlights: In both countries, psychological factors influenced the frequency of wine consumption during th...

Published as the lead feature in the special Sunday supplement of the Bengali daily Bartaman Patrika, this article investigates the historical trajectory and socio-political context of indigenous firearms manufacturing in India. The article situates these weapons within broader discussions of legality, craftsmanship, and regional power dynamics, offering fresh insights into their understated role in India’s socio-cultural fabric.

Na temat znaczenia znajomości geologii i jej wpływu na jakość produkowanych win ukazało się wiele prac, jednak nie podają one w sposób precyzyjny i systematyczny zależności pomiędzy gatunkiem uprawianych winorośli a glebą, będącą wynikiem przeobrażeń skał podłoża. Przybliżenie tego zagadnienia odbywa się na ogół w sposób pobieżny i mniej lub bardziej intuicyjny, będący często wynikiem wielowiekowych doświadczeń i tradycji. Coraz częściej jednak enolodzy podnoszą problem konieczności prowadzenia szczegółowej i profesjonalnej analizy warunków glebowych uprawy winorośli, w powiązaniu z profesjonalnymi badaniami głębokiego podłoża, to znaczy masywu skalnego, którego przemiana jest źródłem elementów mineralnych gleby, będącej źródłem pokarmu i walorów smakowych prowadzonych upraw. Określenie istotnych zależności w tym obszarze jest możliwe dzięki zaangażowaniu geologów i producentów win, oraz pracom badawczym powstającym z ich udziałem, gdzie efektem końcowym jest określenie optymalnych warunków i rozwiązań dla produkcji zarówno wina wysokiej jakości jak również zwykłego wina stołowego. Jakość i wyjątkowość wina uzależnione są nie tylko od warunków klimatycznych (nasłonecznienie, wilgotność, temperatura) ale w dużej mierze od budowy geologicznej obszaru na którym znajduje się winnica. Jaki inny kraj jeśli nie Francja zasługuje na miano lidera wielowiekowej tradycji winiarstwa? Autorzy artykułu którym enologia jest równie bliska jak geologia podjęli próbę przybliżenia relacji pomiędzy tymi dwiema dziedzinami profesji i nauki, na przykładzie kilku francuskich winnic o światowej renomie, będących dziedzictwem kulturowym ludzkości. Związki pomiędzy geologią i winem nie były wcześniej przedmiotem szczegółowych analiz, ponieważ istniał pogląd, że uprawiana winorośl potrafi przystosować się

Understanding how the regional identity influences the evaluation and commercial positioning of wine is critical in a business where authenticity and provenance can drive consumer behavior.
While taste is still the most important factor in wine appreciation, the regional identity encapsulated in terroir becomes very important to the criteria for how a wine should be evaluated and how it should be marketed.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the level of awareness of the topic of sustainability among Italian consumers in the wine sector and their perception – that is, what does it mean to consumers – of this issue. Design/methodology/approach This paper develops a quali-quantitative study on a random sample of Vivino reviews analysed through content analysis. Findings Awareness of topic of sustainability among Italian wine consumers is currently low, although it is increasing. It is not among the main factors that influence the choice of wine among Italian consumers, who are still mainly attracted by organoleptic properties and characteristics linked to the terroir concept. Research limitations/implications The research utilises a random sample, and the analysis is limited to the perception of consumers using online word of mouth (WOM). Practical implications To develop a long-term perspective on sustainability in the wine sector, it is necessary to have the courage to mak...

The global wine industry is a fast-paced and competitive industry prone to the evolution of consumer preferences, sustainability challenges and generational turnovers within a family company context. With wine as a product of cultural heritage and economic value, particularly in countries such as Cyprus, wineries will have to adopt strategic applications in their survival and facilitation of economic growth. However, some of the more important success factors contributing to small and medium enterprises (SMEs’) success are effective marketing strategies, succession planning, innovation for sustainability, and product differentiation (Kasimati et al., 2024). In complex organizations such as family-owned wineries marketing tools turned to be very useful for the alignment of business goals in market demands. The intergenerational succession and coupling of market orientation to long-term strategic thoughts are different for these businesses (Georgiou et al., 2023). At the same time, sustainability-oriented innovation (SOI) and smart farm technologies (SFT) are changing the way operational practices are carried out to promote environmental requirements and increase product quality and economic profitability (Luzzini et al., 2023). At the same time, the availability of new methods to characterize aroma through GC-MS/MS provides wineries new opportunities for distinguishing their products based on sensory attributes, key drivers of consumer choice and brand loyalty (Ligas et al., 2024). The application of marketing tools in a complex winery is evaluated critically in this assignment concerning strategic planning, sustainability, and competitive advantage. The following assignment explores how integrated marketing and technological methodologies help with decision-making and help sustain the market-oriented wine business.

This paper aims at identifying and quantifying the connection between a winery business typology and its production cost per bottle in order to create benchmarks for managerial and organizational choices. •Design/methodology/approach Accounting data from wineries in representative areas of the Tuscan wine sector were collected with direct, face-to-face interviews. The data were processed using a Cost Accounting model elaborated by UniCeSV (Centre for the Strategic Development of the Wine Sector, University of Florence) to classify costs according to production phases and production factors. The study was completed using a Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) approach to investigate the relation between cost structures and business typologies. The implementation of the Cost Accounting model and the HCA showed a strong relationship between how wineries are organized and how costs are structured. Moreover, the weight of geographical localization (in terms of belonging to a specific Denomination of Origin area) has proved to be a key determinant in the shape of the cost structures of wineries.

We tested the hypothesis that individuals may act differently when buying a bottle of wine for themselves than they do when buying wine as a gift. Using a between-subject design, we estimated the differences in consumer preference for these two occasions. We conducted a choice experiment on 618 Italian wine consumers and included the attributes of price, geographical indication (i.e. IGT, DOC, or DOCG), organic claim, and brand (i.e. famous producer or a non-famous producer). By applying an error component random parameters logit model, we detected relevant differences between the two scenarios in terms of the relative importance of the studied attributes. The giftgiving scenario was further investigated using a latent class model, which identified three segments of consumers; we profiled these according to personal attitudes and wine knowledge. Our results show a relevant heterogeneity among consumers' preferences for the gift-giving scenario, with geographical indication having a low impact and brand and organic claim playing a pivotal role. This study provides relevant insights for winemakers and retailers regarding diversifying marketing strategies.

This paper aims at identifying and quantifying the connection between a winery business typology and its production cost per bottle in order to create benchmarks for managerial and organizational choices. Accounting data from wineries in representative areas of the Tuscan wine sector were collected with direct, face-to-face interviews. The data were processed using a Cost Accounting model elaborated by UniCeSV (Centre for the Strategic Development of the Wine Sector, University of Florence) to classify costs according to production phases and production factors. The study was completed using a Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) approach to investigate the relation between cost structures and business typologies. The implementation of the Cost Accounting model and the HCA showed a strong relationship between how wineries are organized and how costs are structured. Moreover, the weight of geographical localization (in terms of belonging to a specific Denomination of Origin area) has ...

this paper explores the development of spanish wine legislation between 1860 and1932, focusing on the concept of fictio juris, a legal fiction that defines wine as aproduct derived solely from grape fermentation while permitting additives that alter itscomposition. the period covers spain’s transformation from legitimizing artificial winesto their prohibition, then moving towards more nuanced debates about permissibleadditives. By analyzing legal texts and debates from the period, the paper reveals howlaws surrounding wine production reflected broader tensions between industrialization,tradition, and public health. the fictio juris created a paradox in which industrialwinemaking practices coexisted with the legal definition of wine as ‘natural,’ embodyingthe malleability of legal categories in shaping cultural and economic imperatives. thislegal fiction continues to influence contemporary wine laws and debates aroundauthenticity in the natural wine movement. the paper contributes to a deeperunderstanding of how legal frameworks in food production mediate between culturalvalues, economic interests, and the quest for authenticity

Este capítulo tiene como objetivo proponer una periodización de la vitivinicultura en Baja California durante el siglo XX. En esta propuesta se incluyen fuentes, temas y problemáticas que se pueden explorar en cada etapa; está muy lejos de ser una historia acabada sobre esta industria en la península bajacaliforniana, nuestro objetivo es presentar un documento que sea útil para adentrarse en la investigación histórica.
A partir de la investigación que inicié en 2014 he concretado algunos productos académicos y de divulgación sobre la historia de la vitivinicultura en Baja California durante el siglo XX citados en este capítulo, que se propone ofrecer un panorama del desarrollo de esta agroindustria, a la luz del conocimiento de problemáticas, sobre todo, suscitadas por la expansión del turismo enológico, resultado del interés del empresariado y del gobierno estatal por desarrollar un destino turístico que integrara los recursos naturales y culturales con la producción de vino, intención que se materializó con la creación de la Ruta del Vino en el Valle de Guadalupe en el año 2012.

Es claro que el futuro del vino esta inexorablemente conectado con la vitalidad de la tierra y la salud de los humanos. Los vinicultores y viticultores deben entender tanto la condición de urgencia del planeta y su rol que juegan, aunque pequeño pero significante, para mejorar la salud -tanto humana como natural. Deben de buscar, por lo tanto, en una manera responsable, adaptar y mitigar los impactos del cambio climático y seguir produciendo caldos representativos del terruño valenciano. No es una tarea fácil, se vienen años muy complicados. El futuro del sector del vino dependen de un plan de acción efectivo y eficiente. La realidad, aunque trágica, es que el clima del planeta esta cambiando. Como responda la industria del vino determinará si el sector, la cultura y los actores que la componen, sobrevive o no. PALABRAS CLAVE: vitivinicultura, mercado del vino, marketing del vino, vino en España, vino en la Comunidad Valenciana, vitivinicultura ecológica y biodinámica, cambio climático, sostenibilidad en la viña, consumidores de vino, enoturismo. Its clear that the future of wine is inexorably connected with the vitality of the soil and the health of humans. The viticulturists and winemakers must understand the urgent condition of the planet and the role they play, although small but meaningful, to improve health -both human and the natural environment. They must seek, as such, in an responsable way, to mitigate the effects of climate change, adapt, and continue producing wines that reflect the terroir of Valencia. Its not an easy task, complicated times lie ahead. The future of the wine sector depends on an effective and efficient action plan. The reality, although tragic, is that climate change is changing the planet. How the wine sector responds will determine if the culture and actors that compose it will survive or not. KEYWORDS: viticulture, wine market, wine marketing, wine in Spain, wine of Comunidad Valenciana, organic and biodynamic viticulture, climate change, sustainability in the vineyard, wine consumers, product differentiation, wine tourism. Eichelmann, P Plan de Acción "La noble vid se sentía gozosa de que su fuerza, trocada en ríos de vino y en montones de moneda, fuera la dicha del amo, el placer de su vivienda, el lujo de los vestidos, el viaje, el brillo y la fiesta,

Wineries in the “old world” export almost 40% of their production. This study analyzes the influence of vertical and horizontal networks on export performance. We draw on a sample of 183 Spanish wineries and examine the main independent variables using a two-step Heckman model. We find positive effects of horizontal networks and—at a somewhat lower level—downstream vertical networks on export performance. (JEL Classifications: L66, M16, Q13)