The Arabic sources

Рахно К.Ю. Человеческое жертвоприношение у волжских булгар и его фольклорные параллели // Россия и Восток: взаимодействие стран и народов:  Труды  Х Всероссийского съезда востоковедов,  посвященного 125-летию со дня рождения выдающегося востоковеда Ахмет-Заки Валиди Тогана. – Уфа: ИИЯЛ УНЦ РАН, 2015. – Книга 1. – С. 257-260.

Les Annales de la Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines ont pour fonction essentielle de refléter la diversité et le dynamisme de la Faculté en permettant aux membres du corps enseignant de faire connaître les résultats de leurs recherches. Elles peuvent aussi accueillir des contributions de collaborateurs extérieurs.

El progreso de la Ciencia no es siempre lineal. En ocasiones un error de concepto, una mala interpretación de los datos, una elección de objetivos fallida pueden obligar a desandar parte de lo andado y tomar un nuevo camino. Sucede muy a menudo que las teorías equivocadas que dan lugar a tales correcciones de rumbo no son en absoluto estériles: un error puede ser tan clarificador como un éxito, una vía cerrada incrementa las posibilidades de acierto en la nueva que se abre, todas las experiencias, incluso las fallidas, enriquecen nuestro conocimiento. Pero hay rectificaciones que, por las características del error al que han de ser aplicadas, se convierten en infecundas porque tienen que limitarse a devolver el proceso a su estado inicial, sin que, tras ese viaje de ida y vuelta, nuestros conocimientos hayan avanzado ni un solo paso. La obra que reseñamos aquí, La conquista islámica de Alejandro García Sanjuán, entra de lleno en esa categoría. El hecho de que sea impecable, demoledora en sus críticas y de que ningún reparo pueda ponerse a su planteamiento y desarrollo no mitiga la amarga sensación de despilfarro al comprobar que el esfuerzo y el bien hacer del autor han tenido que ser empleados en demoler lo que nunca debió ser construido. Sírvanos de consuelo -no pequeño consuelo-que, gracias a todo esto, contamos por primera vez con un magnífico libro sobre la conquista en el que se reúne todo lo escrito sobre la cuestión desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar. La empresa en la que García Sanjuán se embarca es la de poner de manifiesto el fraude que representa la corriente "negacionista" que rechaza la historicidad de la conquista musulmana de la Península Ibérica. Surgida a mediados del siglo pasado de la mano de Ignacio Olagüe en su Les arabes n'ont jamais envahi l'Espagne (1969), ha reaparecido con fuerza -bajo presupuestos ideológicos muy distintos, pero manteniendo en líneas generales el aparato argumentativo-, en la obra de Emilio González Ferrín Historia General de al-Andalus (2006). Lo que más llama la atención en el devenir de esta disparatada teoría negacionista es que haya servido a distintos, incluso opuestos, "señores" sin alterarse por ello lo más mínimo. Lo que en Olagüe era exacerbación de la idea rectora de la historiografía nacionalista española en lo referente a al-Andalus, la de minimizar el componente arabomusulmán hasta dejarlo en un leve barniz que no ocultaba la genuina

The article highlights the controversy in the Soviet historiography of the Khazars of the second half of the 20th century about the duration of political domination of the Khazars in the South Caucasus.  It is pointed out that the solution of the problem is coupled with the establishment of reliability of local Caucasian sources' sources of early Khazar campaigns in the Sasanian period. Additional arguments are provided from Arab sources about the links of the Khazars with the Turks in the Southern Caspian region and in the Caucasus during the reign of Shakhinshahs Firuz, Kawad and Khosrov Anushirwan.

Véritable ‘Strabon français’ pour ses contemporains, Jean-Baptiste d’Anville est considéré comme l’un des plus grands géographes des Lumières. Ce livre, fruit du travail d’analyse d’une dizaine de spécialistes internationaux, fondé sur des sources nombreuses et souvent inédites, est la première monographie à lui être consacrée.

Comment cet inconnu, fils de tailleur parisien, se retrouve-t-il à vingt-deux ans géographe du roi et précepteur du jeune Louis XV? C’est ce parcours extraordinaire que retracent les auteurs de cet ouvrage, en reconstituant le réseau qu’il a su se créer tout en s’assurant la protection des ducs d’Orléans sur trois générations et l’intérêt de la couronne portugaise. Au fil des chapitres se révèle l’impressionnante habileté intellectuelle de d’Anville, capable de satisfaire les exigences de ses mécènes sans trahir ses sources, conservant son intégrité de savant malgré la pression des enjeux diplomatiques. Sans quitter son cabinet parisien, par le seul exercice d’une critique aiguisée et d’un croisement systématique des sources (textes anciens, récits de voyage, mesures astronomiques, informations orales...), d’Anville remodèle les contours du monde ancien et moderne, avec une exactitude qui sera validée par les mesures de terrain a posteriori.

Ce livre dresse un portrait tout en nuances d’un géographe de cabinet au siècle des Lumières. Penché derrière l’épaule du savant, le lecteur découvre comment il élabore très tôt une rigoureuse méthodologie de travail, bâtit sa carrière, constitue l’une des plus grandes collections de cartes du XVIIIe siècle, et influence jusqu’à nos jours la représentation du monde et de ses frontières.

Laurence Engel, Préface
Christian Jacob, Avant-propos
Lucile Haguet et Catherine Hofmann, Introduction générale
I. Faire carrière au dix-huitième siècle
1. Participer à l’éducation des princes: d’Anville et son élève Louis XV (1718-1730), Pascale Mormiche
2. Elargir ses réseaux, diversifier ses commandes: les travaux de d’Anville pour la couronne portugaise, Júnia Ferreira Furtado
3. Convaincre ses mécènes: un plan d’affaire prévisionnel pour faire commerce de cartes, Mary Sponberg Pedley
II. Dessiner le monde depuis sa chambre
1. La bibliothèque cartographique, outil de travail du géographe de cabinet, Lucile Haguet
2. Une ‘science de pure érudition’, la géographie critique et comparée selon Jean-Baptiste d’Anville, Georges Tolias
3. L’utilisation des sources orientales par Jean-Baptiste d’Anville, Jean-Charles Ducène
4. Jean-Baptiste d’Anville et la cartographie de l’Amérique du Nord, Jean-François Palomino
III. La réception de l’œuvre de d’Anville
1. Entre publicité, débat scientifique et vulgarisation: Jean-Baptiste d’Anville dans les journaux, Nicolas Verdier
2. D’Anville, Gibbon et l’espace des empires: la réception britannique du géographe français à travers l’exemple de l’historien anglais, Robert Mankin
3. L’appropriation des cartes de d’Anville dans le monde luso-brésilien: mémoire toponymique et stratégie diplomatique dans la région amazonienne, 1798 et 1904, Iris Kantor
IV. La réception institutionnelle, patrimoniale et symbolique d’un ‘grand homme’
1. Splendeur et décadence d’un ‘grand homme’: réception et postérité de d’Anville et son œuvre, Lucile Haguet
2. La ‘collection d’Anville’ au ministère des Affaires étrangères (1772-1828): modalités et enjeux d’une appropriation, Catherine Hofmann
3. D’Anville et la Bibliothèque royale/nationale: forces et ambiguïtés d’un héritage, Catherine Hofmann
Conclusion: célèbre et méconnu – un géographe réévalué, Jean-Marc Besse
Annexes
Bibliographie
Index

Сул и Чола – два топонима из разных историографических традиций. Среди ис-следователей средневековой истории Кавказской Албании и ее взаимоотношений с кочевниками практически нет разногласий по поводу того, что эти термины являются Sasanian fortifications in the NorthEastern borderland of the Caucasian Albania with nomadic peoples have been known in historical records written in Armenian language under the name of Chola pass, Chola gates, and Chola fortress. There is an agreement among scholars that the Armenian Chola used to be transliterated in early Arab sources as Sul. The present article argues for the identity of Sul in the Caucasus with the geographic and ethnic name Sul reported by early Arab historical works and geographers concerning the SouthEastern Caspian littoral province Gorgan (Jurjan). Scrupulous analysis of data from Arab sources and finds of archaeological excavations of Derbent fortifications enable to assert strengthening of Sul fortress as a part of the Derbent defense system construction under Khosrow I Anushirvan (531–579) as well as resettlement of a group of Turkic nobility from Gorgan to the newly constructed fortress to safeguard the Sasanian borders in the Caucasus. Сасанидские укрепления на северо-восточной границе Кавказской Албании с кочевни-ками известны по армяноязычным источникам под названием прохода, врат и крепости Чола. Принято считать, что арабские авторы передавали этот термин в своих географи-ческих и исторических произведениях в форме Сул. В предлагаемом исследовании устанав-ливается связь между топонимом Сул на Кавказе и созвучными географическими и этниче-скими терминами, встречающимися в сведениях арабских авторов о южно-прикаспийской области Джурджан (Горган). Анализ текстов ранних арабских историков и географов, а также материалы археологии средневековых дербентских фортификаций позволяют сде-лать вывод об укреплении крепости Сул в процессе возведения дербентского оборонитель-ного комплекса при Хосрове I Ануширване (531–579) и о заселении крепости выходцами из тюркского населения Южно-Прикаспийской области Джурджан с целью охраны сасанид-ской границы на Кавказе.

Sasanian fortifications in the North-Eastern borderland of the Caucasian Albania with nomadic peoples have been known in historical records written in Armenian language under the name of Chola pass, Chola gates, and Chola fortress. There is an agreement among scholars that the Armenian Chola used to be transliterated in early Arab sources as Sul. The present article argues for the identity of Sul in the Caucasus with the geographic and ethnic name Sul reported by early Arab historical works and geographers concerning the South-Eastern Caspian littoral province Gorgan (Jurjan). Scrupulous analysis of data from Arab sources and finds of archaeological excavations of Derbent fortifications enable to assert strengthening of Sul fortress as a part of the Derbent defense system construction under Khosrow I Anushirvan (531–579) as well as resettlement of a group of Turkic nobility from Gorgan to the newly constructed fortress to safeguard the Sasanian borders in the Caucasus

Lingue sacre. Leo Spitzer sulle fonti arabe delle letterature europee Il fatto è che il vento mai si volge indietro e l'acqua mai riviene alla sorgente [manba'] sua. La qualità [naw'] loro estrae [yakhlaqu] il proprio principio da sé -non ha predecessori [aslâf] e nel suo incedere [khatwâ] sono le sue radici [ jaudhûr].

Öz: Çok fazla bilinmeyen bir konu olmasına rağmen Ortaçağ Müslüman tarihçileri, eserlerinde Roma İmparatorluğu tarihinden de bahsetmişlerdir. Bunlar arasında en yalın olanı, Ortaçağ Müslüman tarihçi ve coğrafyacılarının önde gelen isimlerinden birisi sayılan Ya'kūbî'nin (ö. 292/905'ten sonra) Târîhu'l-Ya'kūbî isimli eserinde bulunmaktadır. Söz konusu anlatım, aynı zamanda Ortaçağ Müslüman yazılı kaynaklarında Roma İmparatorluğu'na dair olarak günümüze ulaşabilenlerin de en eskisidir. Çok büyük bir ihtimalle, buradaki bilgilerin menşei Claudius Ptolemaios'un (MS II. yüzyıl) Πρόχειροι ϰανόνες (Tabulae manuales) isimli eseridir. Bununla birlikte, Ya'kūbî'nin yararlandığı metin, Ptolemaios'un söz konusu eserine Theon Alexandrinus (MS IV.-V. yüzyıllar) tarafından ilaveler yapılmış hâlidir. Fazla bir detaya sahip olmayan bu anlatımda, birkaç yerde özet halinde birtakım bilgilerin aktarılmasıyla yeti-nilmiştir. Bu nedenle söz konusu anlatımı " Roma İmparatorları Listesi " şeklinde adlandırmak daha doğ-rudur. Sürekli münasebette bulundukları Doğu Roma (Bizans) İmparatorluğu'nu oldukça iyi tanımalarına rağmen Müslümanların Roma İmparatorluğu'yla tanışmaları bu liste vasıtasıyla olmuş olmalıdır ve bu açıdan değerlendirildiğinde söz konusu listenin sahip olduğu önem aşıkardır. Abstract: Although it is little known, Medieval Muslim historians mentioned the history of the Roman Empire in their works. Of these Târîhu'l-Ya'kūbî (d. 292/905), respected one of the leading historians and geographers of the Medieval Muslim school, in his work Târîhu'l-Ya'kūbî, provides the reader with basic information and this work contains the oldest Muslim historical records concerning the Roman Empire which has survived to date amongst the Medieval Muslim written sources. It seems most probable that the source of this information was Claudius Ptolemaios (II. century A.D.), from his Πρόχειροι ϰανόνες (Tabulae manuales). However, the text that Ya'kūbî employs in his work is no simple transcription of Ptolemaios' work but was updated and modified with additions from Theon Alexandrinus (. IV.-V. c. A.D.). The record provided by Târîhu'l-Ya'kūbî is not full of detail but was content to convey some information in a summarised form and, for this reason, it is more accurate to describe it as a " List of Roman Emperor's ". Despite having a very good understanding of the Eastern Roman Empire which they bordered and were constantly in contact with in various ways, the Muslims' knowlege of the history of the Roman Empire must have been through this list, a point of importance when evaluated from this point of view.

Гаухман М. Проект зводу арабських відомостей з історії Русі Вольфа Бейліса і Віктора Крюкова: історія проекту, моделі досліджень та актуальність для сучасності.
У статті розглянуто витоки проекту зводу арабських відомостей з історії Русі, ініційованого арабістами-джерелознавцями з Луганська – Вольфом Мендельовичем Бейлісом і Віктором Григоровичем Крюковим. Проект В. Бейліса і В. Крюкова, як показано в розвідці, був результатом попереднього досвіду вивчення В. Бейлісом арабсько-персидських середньовічних джерел і продовженням зусиль медієвістів і сходознавців, здійснених за радянського періоду. Актуальність для сучасності джерелознавчого проекту В. Бейліса і В. Крюкова зумовлена тим, що історики-медієвісти та фахівці зі східних джерел зазвичай існують у різних «світах науковців».

The study aims to analyze the various aspects of the agricultural thought in Yemen and its roots from the pre-islamic era till the thirteenth century (AH) \ the nineteenth century (AD), depending on some clues spread in several sources such as: the archaeological remains especially the ancient inscriptions revealed and the archaeological buildings, historical and geographical sources, and the linguistic references including the specialized glossaries dealing with the Yemeni agriculture. Furthermore, the study points out the main water resources in Yemen particularly the rain, and the way that Yemeni used to benefit from it through the dams construction and digging canals and building of reservoirs, in addition to the springs and wells. Moreover, it points out the various crops in Yemen, mentioning the places of planting of each kind of them, and highlighting the several pests that infect them, the ways followed by Yemeni to keep their crops, and the methods used in the irrigation process and agriculture. In addition, the study includes a list of what Murtaza al-Zabidi mentioned in his book “Tajj al-Araus” about: the different idioms used by Yemeni to name the plants and fruits, agriculture and tillage tools. The study based on Al-Zubaidi works for two reasons: on one hand, he visited Yemen and lived there for a period of time, and on the other hand he is the most recent one respecting to his fellows and this enabled him to gather what was written by others. Finally, the study tried to point out the most important Yemeni sources in the agriculture where most of them are still unpublished manuscripts. It has mentioned these sources and where they can be reached.