Technology for Community Development

Primeiramente grato estou ao Deus criador do céu e da terra. Aos meus pais Elias Muholo, Avelina Chicoto e a família em geral que incansavelmente deram-me o apoio incondicional tanto moral como financeiramente. Ao meu querido orientador Mestre Faustino Afonso José Pinto, que abraçou esta enorme empreitada e fazendo-se do grande mentor do meu sucesso, muito obrigado. Aos meus colegas Dionisio Quissenguele, José Alberto, Nicolau Gonçalves e Remualdo Agnaldo que desde sempre estiveram comigo, nas angustia e nas alegrias, nas noites não dormidas, no caminhar da incerteza, mas na certeza de que venceremos, muito obrigado aos companheiros de luta. A agricultura é a actividade de cultivo de plantas e criação de animais para a produção de alimentos, fibras e produtos agrícolas. O seu contributo no crescimento económico é amplo e sustentável desde a geração de novos postos de trabalho, emprego, fornecimento de alimentos para a população. Este trabalho tem como obectivo estimar o impacto da produção agrícola no bem como analisar os seus resultados no crescimento económico do país. A partir deste objetivo elaboramos a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: qual é o impacto da produção agrícola no crescimento económico? Para Pinhel (2011), afirma que nos dias de hoje, a agricultura destaca-se na agenda internacional para o desenvolvimento. Sobretudo no decorrente da crise alimentar e energética, o seu papel tem sido predominantemente reconhecido no alívio da pobreza, bem como no crescimento económico e em atingir os objetivos preconizados no Milénio. Em angola, agricultura desempenha um papel importante na economia, contribuindo com pouco menos de 10% no PIB do país, para além de ser uma fonte significativa de emprego e substância para a população rural . Ainda o mesmo relatório diz que, apesar dos progressos registados nos últimos tempos, com a paz e principalmente com a decisão sobre a diversificação da economia, ancorados nos programas de combate à pobreza, descentralização administrativa, extensão rural, crédito agrícola e comércio rural, a agricultura angolana continua a padecer de enfermidades que impedem uma maior participação no PIB e a sua sustentabilidade. Concluiu-se através do modelo utilizado que existe uma relação positiva entre a produção agrícola e o crescimento económico, pois o coeficiente da variável Produção Agrícola apresentou um sinal positivo, contribuindo com mais de 5% na economia angolana. Ainda se verificou que o nosso coeficiente de determinação é de 0,9819(98,19%), facto que nos levou a concluir que o modelo é robusto e estatisticamente significativo.

Water is the main need for every living creature, including humans. However, sometimes the springs are located under residential areas. To lift water to residential areas, large amounts of electrical energy are needed to drive water pumps. Apart from the very large electrical energy sources required, the price of water pumps is very expensive, it is necessary to develop alternative energy sources. An alternative energy source that has enormous potential in Indonesia is solar energy. Every year the sun releases 745 thousand trillion kWh of solar energy reaching the earth. In connection with the above, dedication was carried out regarding the design of the solar water pump. In the design of the solar water pump, a DC water pump is used with a solar power source using 3 solar panel modules. Through the Mitra Village Service SKIM, LPPM UNMUS 2024 Program, this service will examine the performance of the solar water pump, namely the maximum power produced by the solar panels, the water flow that can be lifted by the pump and the duration of operation in a day. The results of service activities in the form of technology that has been installed in partner plantations in Waninggap Nanggo Village, this technology is able to save on plantation operations, especially water pump electricity costs, by using solar power sources. Based on the analysis, electricity costs have been saved by 30%, thereby increasing partner income.

Esta tesis estudia el sistema alimentario mundial y el impacto que ha tenido el fenomeno de la globalizacion sobre el proceso de produccion y distribucion de alimentos. Segun la Organizacion de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), en el mundo se producen suficientes alimentos. Sin embargo, su acceso, disponibilidad y adecuacion son desiguales, de ahi que obesidad y desnutricion convivan no solamente en el mundo, tambien en las mismas regiones y dentro de los paises. La hipotesis de partida es que el sistema alimentario actual, caracterizado por una produccion inadecuada al tiempo que por su desigual acceso y distribucion, es resultado del proceso de globalizacion. Por tanto, a mayor globalizacion (integracion de la economia mundial) corresponden mayores problemas de acceso, distribucion y adecuacion alimentaria. Para verificar dicha hipotesis se estudian dos crisis alimentarias: la crisis de 1973 y la de 2007. Su comparacion permite entender cuales son los principales elementos del proceso de...

The Mazda MX-30, Mazda's first electric vehicle launched in Indonesia, is priced at around Rp 860 million OTR. However, this vehicle has faced sharp criticism from consumers and automotive observers regarding its price, which is considered disproportionate to its range of only around 200 km per full charge. Some users on Reddit even called it "the most ridiculous electric car in Indonesia" due to its high price and limited performance. Additionally, this model has also faced a significant decline in sales in the international market, with only around 600 units sold in the United States during its two years of production. On the other hand, the electric vehicle charging infrastructure in Bandar Lampung shows positive development. By Eid al-Fitr 2025, PLN Lampung plans to deploy 54 Public Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (SPKLU) across 34 strategic locations in Lampung Province, including several points in Bandar Lampung. However, challenges remain regarding the perception of high electric vehicle prices and limited range, which could impact electric vehicle adoption in the region.

Rapid urban growth is a common phenomenon the world over,particularly in the developing countries. Africa is no exception in this respect. Lack of affordable housing in African towns has pushed most people into the peri-urban areas. These new settlement areas, often hitherto agricultural lands, are normally unplanned. "Development", therefore, seems toprogress ahead of planners instead of the other way round. By implication, therefore, these periurban areas often lack vital services necessary for human settlement such as proper sanitation, particularly human excreta disposal. In these areas the most affordable and therefore most common method of human excreta disposal is the use of pit latrines. In few homes, however, isolated cases of use of cesspits and septic tanks can be found. In comparison with conventional methods of human excreta disposal, ecological sanitation (eco-san) is a viable and feasible alternative in these peri-urban areas since it has a lot of advantages...

a University of Macerata, Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, Italy, sabrina.tomasi89@gmail.com, s.tomasi@unimc.com b Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, School of Business and Economics, Norway, giovanna.bertella@uit.no c University of San Raffaele, Rome, Faculty of Agriculture, Italy, cristina.santini@unisanraffaele.gov.it d University of Macerata, Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, Italy, a.cavicchi@unimc.it

This paper uses the case of the youth-initiated Koch FM as a model of an urban community radio station that primarily uses urban slang in its presentations. Through this station, the socio-economically disadvantaged youths create and maintain social networks in form of support groups, theatre and income generating clubs with the objective of creating wealth thereby boosting identity through assertive self-expression. Hence, the popular call-in programs facilitated by mobile phones expedite the dissemination of information while the virtual communities enabled by the internet promote faster mobilization and stimulate development wherein the youth haverecruited peers and sustained networks with other like-minded Kenyan youth in the Diaspora who speak the same slang. This case study demonstrates that a common language can be an effective unifier since it transcends social, economic, religious, ethnic, political and gender barriers. The youth language therefore encodes the practical daily challenges of youth in more practical terms by seeking solutions to local problems, and the formation of networks by appealing to similar youth initiatives globally.

Abstrak Sumber energi terbarukan yang pada saat sekarang banyak digunakan di Indonesia adalah tenaga hidro dan tenaga matahari. Sementara itu 47% penduduk Indonesia hidup di daerah yang tidak terjangkau jaringan listrik, karena keterbatasan infrastruktur dan kapasitas pembangkit listrik yang tersedia. Sedangkan pemanfaatan tenaga matahari banyak dilakukan dengan menggunakan solar cell, yang berfungsi untuk mengubah cahaya matahari menjadi energi listrik. S olar cell dapat menghasilkan tegangan antara 0,5 dan 1 volt tergantung intensitas cahaya dan jenis semi konduktor yang dipakai. Pembangkit tenaga surya terdiri dari empat bagian yaitu  solar  modul,  charger regulator, battery, dan static inverter. S olar cell harus ditempatkan pada tempat - tempat yang dapat  menampung  sinar matahari secara maksimum sejak matahari terbit  sampai  tenggelam pada area terbuka . Dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di Kelurahan Jampirejo pada tanggal 17 dan 18 Februari 2016 dilakukan simulasi peral...

Bintang Asih merupakan dusun yang terletak di Desa Rumah Sumbul Kecamatan STM Hulu Kabupaten Deli Serdang dengan jumlah penduduk 162 jiwa dalam 42 Kepala Keluarga yang termasuk daerah tertinggal. Hal ini disebabkan Topografi yang cukup ekstrim dengan ketinggian 380 m dpl, sehingga pemukiman tersebut tidak terjangkau oleh fasilitas penerangan listrik negara dan mengalami kesulitan air bersih untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari dan air minum. Seluruh warga harus rela mengorbankan waktunya untuk mengangkat air dari sungai yang berjarak ± 1,5 km dari pemukiman, sedangkan aktivitas MCK juga dilakukan di bantaran sungai tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara yang dilakukan Tim PKM dengan masyarakat, diperoleh infomasi bahwa mereka menginginkan adanya teknologi yang dapat membantu kehidupan warga dalam memenuhi kebutuhan air minum. Hal tersebut yang menimbulkan gagasan pada tim untuk memberikan solusi dari permasalahan yang dihadapi warga dengan menerapkan sistem filtrasi air siap minum berbasis te...

Bhutan in the eastern Himalaya contains some of the last pristine watersheds in the world, yet there has been limited monitoring of streams and rivers. Eighteen streams in three watersheds were surveyed for chemistry, bacteria, and macroinvertebrates in post-monsoon (2015) and monsoon (2016) seasons. Many water quality variables, including temperature, pH, specific conductivity, nitrite, nitrate, E. coli, and total coliform bacteria differed between seasons and between areas upstream and downstream of anthropogenic disturbance. In both seasons, total coliform bacteria and E. coli were significantly higher downstream of anthropogenic disturbance, with many urban sites having high coliform levels (>2000 cfu/100 ml) indicative of sewage inflow. A total of 50 insect families and six non-insect taxa were identified. During the post-monsoon, eight of 13 metrics (e.g., total richness, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) richness, % EPT, % non-insects, HKHbios, BMWP1983, ASPT1983, and ASPT2021) based on kick samples (qualitative) indicated impairment, while in the monsoon season composite Surbers (quantitative) had two metrics (e.g., total richness and Shannon) that differed between sites up and downstream of disturbance. DNA barcoding for cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) in 63 morphological species of mayfly, stonefly, and caddisfly indicated 18 additional species, 17 mayflies and one stonefly. Forty-two barcode species were new additions to the Barcode of Life Data database. Results suggest macroinvertebrates are a viable method for evaluating human impacts on Bhutan streams. Bhutan faces future challenges of sanitation management, climate change, and shared river systems, and monitoring will need to be expanded. The monsoon season may be an ideal time to measure water chemistry and bacteria due to increased runoff, but macroinvertebrate sampling should occur in the post-monsoon season to obtain the best sampling conditions and larger individuals. Increasing the knowledge of species in the region, potentially with the help of DNA barcodes, will document the diversity of the region and help amplify the capacity for macroinvertebrates with future biomonitoring.

Bayangkan negeri ini berdiri mandiri dengan energi bersih, angin yang berhembus bukan sekadar hembusan udara, tetapi menjadi napas kehidupan energi masa depan Indonesia. Buku “Angin untuk Negeri” mengajak Anda menjelajahi dunia Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu (PLTB) secara lengkap dan praktis, mulai dari krisis energi dan potensi angin Indonesia, proses kerja turbin, hingga strategi pemeliharaan berkelanjutan yang menjadi kunci PLTB tetap andal dalam menyediakan energi bersih.

Buku ini mengulas tantangan alam, infrastruktur, pendanaan, hingga sosial dalam pemeliharaan PLTB, strategi eco-maintenance, serta praktik PLTB di Indonesia lengkap dengan analisis SWOT. Tidak hanya itu, Anda akan menemukan kisah sukses PLTB global di Denmark, Jerman, dan Tiongkok yang bisa menjadi inspirasi, serta peta peluang masa depan energi angin Indonesia dalam mendukung transisi menuju net zero emisi. Dengan bahasa ringan namun mendalam, buku ini bukan hanya untuk teknisi energi, tapi juga untuk siapa saja yang peduli dengan masa depan Indonesia yang berdaulat energi dan bersih. Mari bersama mengubah angin menjadi cahaya bagi negeri.

Budidaya jamur tiram di Desa Cembor masih menggunakan metode penyiraman dan pemupukan manual yang menyebabkan proses budidaya menjadi tidak efisien, memakan waktu, serta berdampak pada ketidakteraturan kelembaban dalam kumbung. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan inovasi berupa alat semprot elektrik multifungsi sebagai bentuk teknologi tepat guna (TTG) untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan produktivitas. Alat ini dirancang mampu menyemprotkan air atau nutrisi secara merata dan otomatis sesuai jadwal yang ditentukan. Metode pelaksanaan meliputi identifikasi kebutuhan petani, desain alat, uji coba lapangan, dan pelatihan penggunaan alat. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan alat ini mampu menurunkan waktu penyiraman hingga 50%, meningkatkan kelembaban ideal dalam kumbung, serta mendorong pertumbuhan jamur lebih merata. Inovasi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi model penerapan TTG di bidang pertanian lainnya.

Significant political and sociological changes have occurred in Spain in the last two decades. These changes have considerably affected the higher education system. While the results may he considered positive in general, many aspects still could and should he improved. Higher education in Spain currently has to cope with new challenges in order to place the system at the desirable level of quality. The main changes that have occurred in the Spanish higher education system, and its current challenges, are discussed in this paper.

Significant political and sociological changes have occurred in Spain in the last two decades. These changes have considerably affected the higher education system. While the results may he considered positive in general, many aspects still could and should he improved. Higher education in Spain currently has to cope with new challenges in order to place the system at the desirable level of quality. The main changes that have occurred in the Spanish higher education system, and its current challenges, are discussed in this paper.

O acúmulo de terras ampliou o poder de senhores proprietários a partir da Lei de Terras de 1850. Essas camadas mais abastadas também utilizaram a grilagem de terra e tiveram apoio do Estado para protegê-las. Gostaria de refletir sobre a região conhecida como "Sertão Carioca" que serviu de palco para diversas disputas, apropriações e conflitos violentos ao longo do século XX. Também busco analisar, nesse artigo, a expropriação da elite e da burguesia sobre as terras públicas e aquelas pertencentes à camada mais pobre da sociedade, fazendo uso do direito liberal como seu principal aliado. Palavras-chave: grilagens de terra; direitos de propriedade fundiária; história rural; Sertão Carioca; direito liberal.

This book explores the experiences of academics from Africa, north
of the Limpopo River. It traces the often-precarious experiences that
they have in South African universities. Highlighting studies by Kaziboni,
Lancaster, Machabaphala, and Mulaudzi (2022), Oloruntoba (2022), and
Tomaselli (2023), it investigates the threats to their well-being amid
societal tensions and xenophobic violence. Unlike previous research in
this area, which is very scant, this study integrates empirical inquiry,
policy analysis, and social theory to document anti-African sentiment in
universities. It reveals how government policies can lead to exploitative
conditions, temporary appointments, and hindered academic advancement.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

his study explores the modern competency skills required by Building T Technology Educators (BTEs) in technical colleges across Southwest Nigeria. It identi es a mismatch between current instructional practices and evolving industry standards. Using a descriptive survey design, data were gathered from 30 BTEs via a validated 30-item questionnaire (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.81). Results revealed signi cant competency gaps in areas such as Building Information Modelling (BIM), Virtual Reality (VR), and Construction Management So ware (CMS), with a grand mean of 2.69. Educators also showed de ciencies in digital literacy and project-based learning (grand mean = 2.65). Key strategies for addressing these gaps include Continuous Professional Development (mean = 4.57), curriculum alignment (mean = 4.50), and industry collaboration (mean = 4.47). Other recommended measures include mentorship, infrastructure improvement, and global exposure. e study concludes that targeted interventions are essential to enhance teaching quality and align BTE competencies with international construction standards.

In the world of international development, an arresting, apparently counterintuitive figure has exploded onto the scene in the last few years: more than 70 percent of the world's poorest people, that is to say those living below the U.S.$2.15 a day threshold, are not living in lowincome countries, but rather in middle-income countries. This evidence-based finding, based on independent data from reputable institutions such as the World Bank, Brookings Institution, raises critical questions about prevailing myths about poverty, and has far-reaching implications for global development policies. The statistics are further explored in this article Understanding the Global Poverty Landscape Conventional wisdom on global poverty links extreme privation to low-income countries, places like South Sudan, Burundi or the Central African Republic, where per capita incomes are extremely low. But information from the World Bank's PovcalNet database and other reputable sources tells another story. In 2023, around 700 million people around the world still live under the international poverty line of 2.15 a day, (displaystyle PPP-adjusted to 2017). Of these, more than 500 million over 70% live in middle-income countries and less than 200 million live in lowincome countries. To understand this, we need to start by explaining the World Bank income classifications (2024 data):

In urban areas, solid waste management is a very difficult task for conserving our natural environment conservation across the globe. Lucknow Municipal Corporation (LMC) is the 10th largest solid waste generating metropolitan in the country produces a total of 1500 tons of solid waste per day, and the average per-capita per day solid waste generation is 0.65 kilogram during 2021. LMC is unable to manage such a huge amount of solid waste which is growing the number of dumping grounds and garbage mounting at different locations in the city. The present research article is an attempt to study solid waste management and presents a prospect of a sustainable approach for managing municipal solid waste management in the coming future to transform Lucknow into a sustainable city. The integrated solid waste management (ISWM) approach is the best approach for managing solid waste along with a strategy of extended producer responsibility model of a circular economy. SSWMS is a comprehensive approach that applies the four R's of recycle, reduce, reuse, and refuse to have a sustainable waste management system. The research article attempted to explain the problem of solid waste management in the city in the future. Eventually, the concluding remarks advocate an innovative method to manage solid waste materials contributing to achieving the city's sustainable development goal.

This paper presents an explorative case study to understand the drivers and barriers that influence the adoption of smartphone-based city management apps as e-governance tools in U.S. cities. Using interviews with government officials and citizen focus groups in a southeastern city, we systematically examine the facilitators and barriers from the perspectives of the government and citizens. Our findings suggest that the city management app system was primarily adopted by the government to improve service efficiency through information integration and workflow automation on the backend. It is viewed by both the government and citizens as an innovative twoway communication tool that encourages citizens to report service problems and facilitates service improvement. However, the app's potentials of being an open dialogic and social space to engage citizens in a full range of coproduction activities have not yet been sufficiently realized. Implications for city managers and smart city app developers are discussed.

The aim of this study is to examine the transition of David Harvey one of the leading geographers of our time from the positivist paradigm to the Marxist paradigm through the method of document analysis, and to analyze the factors that played a fundamental role in this transition by investigating Harvey's paradigmatic shift process. As David Harvey is one of the most prolific and industrious geographers today, the literature includes a significant number of both primary works by Harvey and secondary studies that engage with his scholarship. Therefore, since it is not possible to review and analyze all of these works in detail, this study focuses on key works that reflect Harvey's paradigmatic transformation. The scope of the study is thus limited not to Harvey's geographical perspective or his broader body of work, but specifically to those works that illustrate his transition from the positivist paradigm to the Marxist paradigm. Today recognized as one of the leading figures in Marxist geography, Harvey was, in fact, one of the most ardent proponents of positivist geography during the early years of his academic career. From the early 1960s to the 1970s, over approximately a decade, Harvey produced works grounded in positivist philosophy and directed serious critiques toward the idiographic approach of traditional regional geographers. In 1969, Harvey authored Explanation in Geography, a methodological book in which he offered recommendations for the application of positivist methodology in geography. In this work, he advocated for the use of positivist philosophy in the study of geographical phenomena, aiming to liberate geography from the idiographic approach of traditional regional geography and transform the discipline into a more "scientific" and nomothetic structure. By the 1970s, after relocating from the United Kingdom to the United States (Baltimore), Harvey was deeply affected by the urban injustices, racism, and uneven spatial development he encountered there, which led him to question the inadequacy of the positivist paradigm in analyzing sociospatial processes. In addition to these experiences, his encounter with a group of Marxist academics and graduate students at his new position at Johns Hopkins University brought about profound transformations in his geographical perspective. During this period, Harvey began reading Marx and, in the following years, produced studies centered on sociospatial processes grounded in Marx's ideas. In 1973, he consolidated these studies in his work Social Justice and the City, thereby laying the foundations for a sharp turn from positivist geography to Marxist geography.

Mengkritisi pernyataan kontroversial Menteri Kesehatan Indonesia yang  menyederhanakan hubungan kompleks antara pendapatan, kesehatan, dan kecerdasan dan dinilai mengandung kekeliruan logika (logical fallacy), khususnya false cause. Esai ini mengulas bagaimana faktor-faktor seperti pendidikan, gizi, lingkungan, dan dukungan psikososial juga berperan penting dalam membentuk kualitas hidup seseorang, bukan hanya besaran gaji. Disertai temuan penelitian, esai ini menekankan pentingnya kehati-hatian dalam komunikasi publik, terutama oleh pejabat negara agar tidak memperkuat stigma negatif terhadap kelompok berpenghasilan rendah. Pada akhirnya, diperlukan empati, sensitivitas sosial, dan kompetensi komunikasi agar pernyataan publik mencerminkan keadilan sosial.

Globally, access to improved sanitation remains a major challenge where about 2.4 billion people still lack toilets. Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa are the worst affected where about 800 million people still practice open defecation with remarkable negative health and economic effects. Diarrhoea due to poor sanitation kills more children than HIV and measles together. This study was designed to determine the willingness and ability to pay for safe sanitation by households in Busia County. A cross sectional survey was conducted on 784 households using contingent valuation method. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and both descriptive and inferential statistics were deduced. A model fit and economic modelling was performed to determine willingness and ability to pay. A total of 465(59.4%) male and 319(40.6%) were female heads were interviewed. Slightly more than a half of the respondents earned between 10-50 dollars in a month with no significant difference between m...

By using biogas, the fuel cost can be reduced so that the production cost decrease and the product price can be more competitive in the market. The cattle feces as the byproduct of the biogas production can be used as fertilizer with higher selling price. From this research, it can be concluded that the biogas can be used for solution alternative to decrease the dependency to the kerosene, especially in rambak industries. The application of biogas can reduce the fuel cost up to 63% compared to the using of fuel oil. Meanwhile the cow feces potency can be utilized as fuel by convert it to biogas. To increase the performance of the biogas installation, it can be done by two methods, First, biogas resulted from the biogas installation is remove to the other tank and compressed up to 4,5 bar. Second, the existing biogas installation can be upgraded. To utilize the faeces potency up to 200 kg, the 16 m 3 biogas installation is required.

The PIDS Discussion Paper Series constitutes studies that are preliminary and subject to further revisions. They are being circulated in a limited number of copies only for purposes of soliciting comments and suggestions for further refinements. The studies under the Series are unedited and unreviewed. The views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute. Not for quotation without permission from the author(s) and the Institute.

The PIDS Discussion Paper Series constitutes studies that are preliminary and subject to further revisions. They are being circulated in a limited number of copies only for purposes of soliciting comments and suggestions for further refinements. The studies under the Series are unedited and unreviewed. The views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute. Not for quotation without permission from the author(s) and the Institute.

Introduction. Higher education involves a complex process for the development of cognitive, social, emotional and cultural characteristics of the individual of future specialists; including forming special behavior patterns that in the future will provide competitiveness and success of employment of the university graduates. Intercultural communicative tolerance is considered to be one of the individual's significant social and professional qualities which are in demand of the modern society. The importance of intercultural communicative tolerance formation is caused not only by the processes of globalization of professional mobility in the modern world, but also the need to create comfortable coexistence of students in the university multilingual educational environment, to reduce conflicts and to prevent the clash of cultures -bearers of various systems of values and standards. The aim of the research is to reveal the role of intercultural communicative tolerance in the formation of the individual as well as to present a specially designed technology as part of "Foreign Language" learning. The relevance of this research highlights the necessity to shift the emphasis in the foreign language learning process towards practical-oriented learning targeting the development of personal qualities. Methodology and research methods. Methodological framework of the publication is based on the key conceptions of communication-oriented learning. In the process of designing and application of the authors' technology, experimental methods and the method of comparative analysis were used. Results and scientific novelty. The authors' definition to intercultural communicative tolerance is given. The urgency of formation of values and semantic attitudes towards improvement of communicative skills and corresponding world outlook objectives among students is proved. The authors described own technology of development of intercultural communicative tolerance, which is conditioned by the internationalization processes in higher education. The features of applying the technology in the process of learning a foreign language at a university were also revealed. The approbation of new methodological tools showed significantly excessive level of interpersonal and intercultural communicative competence of students which has grown due to the technology applied. Practical significance of the research is confirmed by the positive results, proving the effectiveness of applying the development technology, as well as it identifies the need to introduce similar technologies in higher education.

CGIAR is a global agriculture research partnership for a food secure future. Its science is carried out by 15 research Centers who are members of the CGIAR Consortium in collaboration with hundreds of partner organizations. www.cgiar.org This work has been undertaken as part of the Intensify or diversify? Agriculture as a pathway from poverty in eastern Kenya ICRISAT -Socioeconomics Discussion Paper Series

Artificial intelligence is profoundly influencing community development in the 21st century. Its impact spans various sectors, from education and healthcare to economic and public safety. This paper examines the positive and negative impact of Artificial Intelligence on community development, the strategies involved in ensuring Artificial Intelligence can adequately be utilized to enhance community development, as well as the prospects of utilizing Artificial Intelligence for community development. Artificial Intelligence brings with it a set of advanced, analytical tools and capabilities that can revolutionize the way community development projects are conceived, developed and executed. It has enormous potential to positively impact every aspect of our lives in a systematic way. Therefore, it is essential to explore its capacity to address social issues through community development interventions. The paper suggested, among other considerations, that community development experts should develop ambitious programmes to enable access to high-quality, relevant and reliable data, and to invest in secure frameworks that provide access to data and/or actionable insights derived from the data, even when the data are privately held.

En este documento se busca analizar la estructura y especialización
del comercio y los servicios en una porción del Área Metropolitana de
Puebla (AMP), a escala de Área Geoestadística Básica Urbana (AGEB) para
el año 2021. Considerando la regionalización del Estado de Puebla definida
en el año 2020, se trabaja con diez regiones que comprenden los municipios
de Puebla, Cuautlancingo, San Pedro Cholula y San Andrés Cholula.
Para este análisis se utiliza la variable unidades económicas, que se obtiene
del Directorio Estadístico Nacional de Unidades Económicas (DENUE)
del año 2021.
Mediante el Sistema de Clasificación Industrial de América del Norte
(SCIAN), se analizaron 45 ramas de actividad económica, integradas en 12
grupos de comercio al menudeo y al mayoreo y en servicios al productor
y al consumidor. A partir de estas, se calculó el Cociente de Localización
para identificar la especialización relativa de las unidades económicas en
estos grupos de actividad terciaria.

The SRE Augmented Reality project was developed as an interactive educational tool to enhance public understanding of renewable energy concepts and technologies. By leveraging Augmented Reality (AR), the application enables users to visualize three-dimensional models of renewable energy power plants—such as solar panels and wind turbines—through mobile devices. The development process encompassed planning, user needs analysis, intuitive interface design, implementation using the ARCore platform, and comprehensive testing to ensure performance and usability.

The results indicate that the application effectively increases user comprehension of renewable energy systems and actively engages users with environmental and clean energy issues. This project contributes to several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Thus, the application serves not only as a learning medium but also as a catalyst for social transformation towards a sustainable energy transition.

The success of this project opens opportunities for further development, including the addition of richer educational features, broader device compatibility, and expanded distribution to educational institutions. Overall, the project has achieved its main objective: to create an innovative, technology-based educational solution with a positive societal impact.

Keywords: Augmented Reality, renewable energy, interactive learning, ARCore, SDGs, educational technology.

Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is a widely adopted approach to address health issues related to open defecation. While CLTS has shown success in arid and semi-arid regions, there is limited understanding of its implementation, particularly regarding the engagement and expertise of Community-Based Health Workers (CBHWs). This study aimed to assess the knowledge levels of CBHWs on the CLTS approach in Turkana County, Kenya. A community-based cross-sectional design was employed, involving 200 CBHWs and 430 households, selected through multistage sampling. Additionally, 21 key informants were purposively sampled. Quantitative data was managed and analysed using Excel and STATA version 17, employing both descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data was analysed using NVivo, with thematic methods applied to identify key insights. The findings indicate that the majority of CBHWs in Turkana County possess a strong understanding of CLTS principles, with 75.51% of participants rating their knowledge as "Very Good" and 24.49% as "Excellent." Around 80% of CBHWs have undergone formal training in CLTS, primarily through workshops and seminars, reflecting the critical role of structured training in their effectiveness. This study underscores the robust knowledge of CLTS among CBHWs in Turkana County. However, it also reveals certain knowledge gaps and challenges in the implementation process, highlighting the need for ongoing training and empowerment of CBHWs to enhance CLTS outcomes.

The institution of Punilla Regional Community: study and promotion of participative metodologies for the associated planning and management of development policies. [Proyecto de Investigación] El texto completo no está disponible en este repositorio.

Orientador: Claudio Henrique de Moraes BatalhaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências HumanasResumo: A tese de doutorado apresentada tem como objetivo investigar a experiência dos trabalhadores suburbanos cariocas, entre 1890 e 1920. Na virada do século XIX, a então Capital Federal passou por diversas mudanças, dentre as quais se destacaram o fim da escravidão, o início do processo de industrialização e as reformas urbanas realizadas pelos governos de Pereira Passos e Rodrigues Alves. Durante esse período, a zona suburbana da cidade teve um crescimento populacional expressivo. Tendo em vista esse processo, a pesquisa visou investigar quem eram esses novos habitantes dos subúrbios e de que se ocupavam. Além disso, as dificuldades em torno da moradia e os conflitos com os senhorios foram analisados, procurando explorar a dimensão habitacional da experiência de tais sujeitos. A partir do estudo da trajetória longeva da Sociedade Progresso...

Con el objetivo de determinar las centros urbanos y las zonas rurales que organizan el conjunto de microrregiones de Los Altos de Jalisco, en términos de subsistemas funcionales, se aplican criterios que hacen posible valorar las capacidades disponibles para el desarrollo de la población, incluyendo entre éstas, fundamentalmente, el espacio producido por las interacciones de grupos sociales entre distintos lugares. De esta manera, se busca establecer si el conjunto de localidades urbanas y rurales de Los Altos en Jalisco puede funcionar para satisfacer una serie de requisitos económicos como: inserción vía producción y empleo, e incorporación a los circuitos amplios de circulación global, y como partes de ésta la producción y distribución de productos y servicios, para garantizar su desarrollo futuro.

RESUMEN Las nuevas tecnologías aportan a la educación aspectos innovadores que permiten mejorar las formas de enseñar y aprender. Una de las principales innovaciones son los sistemas de educación a distancia, que ofrecen formación continua a estudiantes que por diversas razones no pueden asistir a clases. Como en la enseñanza presencial, en la enseñanza virtual es necesario que los alumnos logren una asimilación efectiva del conocimiento. Sin embargo, frecuentemente tal asimilación no ocurre porque los cursos de e-learning se diseñan sin considerar las características particulares de cada estudiante. Actualmente, los procesos de aprendizaje centrados en el alumno requieren que estos sistemas sean capaces de personalizar la enseñanza a las características y necesidades individuales de cada estudiante.

A Racionalidade da Economia Rural 1 RESUMO Os diferentes ritmos de crescimento da procura dos vários bens de consumo, como consequência das subidas do rendimento global e do rendimento por habitante, são um fenómeno conhecido, tecnicamente explicado pela ciência económica através da existência de diferente elasticidade procura-rendimento, conforme os bens e os níveis de rendimento. Ora acontece que os bens transformados de ponta e os serviços, em que se especializam tradicionalmente os países mais desenvolvidos, têm apresentado, por norma, um maior dinamismo da procura. Este mecanismo tem aumentado o hiato referente aos níveis de desenvolvimento dos países (Norte versus Sul). Há, porém, excepções, resultantes sobretudo da procura excepcional de certos recursos naturais. As alterações naturais dos termos de troca resultam do funcionamento dos próprios mecanismos do mercado. A existência de processos de troca desigual está dependente, não só da existência de mecanismos de coacção na produção e nas trocas, isto é, de esquemas de funcionamento de direcção central, ou de fenómenos de imposição de procedimentos por certas unidades económicas, ou outras, por processos exteriores ao mercado, como, também, do seu valor de mercado (ganho de competitividade; substituição de produtos; maior oferta mundial). O desenvolvimento rural não trata apenas de variáveis económicas (produtividade, capital, poupança, trocas comerciais e tecnologia). Trata também daquilo a que poderemos denominar de sociologia do desenvolvimento, isto é, das estruturas sociais, cultura, ética; trata de capital humano e de desenvolvimento de recursos humanos e trata, ainda, de desenvolvimento político, da importância da democracia e da transparência. Apenas o facto de termos a tendência de ver os agregados familiares e as famílias camponesas como consumidores, em vez de considerarmos produtores, pode fazer com que corramos o risco de cometer erros. De facto, a maioria dos camponeses africanos encontra-se excluída do mercado. Por diversos motivos estão numa economia de subsistência.

This research investigates the implementation and impact of Bhutan's Local Government Act (LGA) in promoting meaningful citizen participation in rural governance. Rooted in Bhutan's Gross National Happiness (GNH) philosophy, the Act aims to decentralise decision-making and foster inclusive local governance. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study utilises surveys, case studies, and document analysis to evaluate participation levels, identify barriers, and propose targeted reforms. Findings indicate that despite structural advancements under the Act, genuine participation is hindered by socioeconomic inequalities, patriarchal norms, traditional leadership dominance, and limited public awareness. Using Arnstein's Ladder of Participation and Hybrid Regime Theory, the study reveals that citizen involvement remains largely consultative rather than empowering. Recommendations include civic education, institutional reforms, and gender-sensitive initiatives to foster a participatory democratic culture aligned with Bhutan's cultural and developmental aspirations.

Climate Change creates one of the greatest developmental challenges of the current era. Bangladesh, since most of the children of migrants of the school going age are being left in the village when one or both of their parents move to the city. Climate migrants who have started living in urban slums are in search of a better and more secure life. This paper is a descriptive type of qualitative study conducted in Dhaka to explore the socioeconomic status and educational condition of climate migrant children of slum people. The target groups for the interview are the mothers of the children who are supported to be well informed about children's lifestyle while the purposive sample size was 50. This study also investigated the government and non-government programs for slum children. The study was conducted at one of the slums of Dhaka with observation, and semi-structured interview schedules were used for selected climate migrant slum dwellers. Protected socioeconomic support and planned migration are suggested in this paper to explore further poverty and educational insecurity of the urban poor.

Technological advances are making a significant impact on the way citizens interact with one another, communicate, share information, and organize their ideas, lives, and possessions across continents. While this technological revolution has transformed the way nations manifest and develop, the magnitude of its impact is still underappreciated. The people, however, should not be forgotten. They are the true foundations of any nation as well as the primary beneficiaries of technology's development. There is an increasing use of technology by public organizations and nonprofits in conducting their day-to-day operations, from disaster relief coordination to public safety campaigns, which have an impact on the quality of services they provide. A nation's technology enabled activities have immense value for individuals, and most of the time these benefits are passed directly down to them. As more and more things and people become connected to technology, we can expect new technologies will continue to influence the landscape of possibilities for all nations and for our planet in the future. The future is already characterized by several trends that reflect these changes in technology, connectivity, and governance. The rapid rise of the digital economy has been driven largely by technological advancements, such as the rise of the internet and mobile phones, which have created new avenues for economic activity and governance models, allowing businesses to reach global markets and customers with ease by utilizing the internet or mobile phones. This also comes with a plethora of new challenges, such as dealing with issues associated with cross-border cloud commerce, and at times even having to deal with new scams and taxes that are unique to this era. Entrepreneurs, small businesses, and nations are all finding new opportunities in the digital economy in terms of expanding their reach and scaling to capture new markets and opportunities. Technology can also play a vital role in the creation of jobs for nations across the globe. Technological advances have led to the obliteration of some jobs. The early evidence suggests that tech can be a net job creator in the long run.

In the Global South, rapid, unplanned urbanisation is associated with environmental degradation, pollution, and poor basic services, in particular for resource poor and vulnerable communities. With insufficient resources available for standardised monitoring of these issues, citizen science (CS) approaches have the potential to address evidence gaps and inform mitigation strategies and environmental policies. The majority of CS projects reported in the scientific literature are contributory, involving members of the public only in the data collection aspects of projects. There is growing recognition of the benefits of co-created CS, where participants are engaged in multiple or all stages of the scientific process. However, descriptions and evaluations of such projects are rarely reported in the literature, which is needed in order to refine and grow the use of co-created CS. Here, a review of the co-created CS literature is presented, followed by a six-step, researcher-initiated co-created CS methodology which was implemented with vulnerable communities within two cities in the Global South – Nakuru, Kenya and Udon Thani, Thailand. Successes and challenges experienced in these projects are discussed and recommendations for future co-created CS are presented. As for contributory CS, data generated in projects concretely identified environmental challenges faced by each community. However, using the six-step co-created CS methodology, participating citizens were uniquely able to leverage their data on behalf of their communities to establish dialogue with local authorities, generating meaningful shared understanding and priorities.

Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) remains a very effective sanitation strategy to help rural communities to stop open defecation. It is a Strategy that has had unprecedented outcomes in motivating rural communities to transform from a haven of open defecation to clean environments where all households now have and use latrines. This is the experience in rural communities of Birniwa Local government of Jigawa State where open defecation was a norm and was never connected to the prevalent cases of diarrhea especially among children. Even though, there had been several health enforcement interventions by the sanitary Inspectors of the LGA for people to build latrines, yet the practice of open defecation persisted. This situation remained until CLTS was introduced and implemented through UNICEF/DFID supported Sanitation, Hygiene and Water in Nigeria (SHAWN) aimed at promoting mass safe excreta disposal campaign, first among households and then to communities taking charge of their s...

Hatırlamak ve Anlatmak için Şehre BAK
BAK: Li Bajêr Binihêre, ji bo ku Tu Di Bîr Bînî û Bibêjî
BAK: Revealing the City through Memory
Anadolu Kültür 2013

Yayına Hazırlayanlar / Amadekarên Bo Çapê / Editors
Eylem Ertürk, Övgü Gökçe
Metinler / Deq / Texts
BAK Proje Ekibi
Tasarım / Sêwirandin / Design
Vahit Tuna Tasarım ve Danışmanlık
Tasarımcı / Sêwirandinvan / Designer
Ece Eldek
Çeviriler / Werger / Translations
Kawa Nemir
Türkçe–Kürtçe ve Kürtçe–Türkçe / Tirkî–Kurdî û Kurdî–Tirkî / Turkish–Kurdish and Kurdish–Turkish
Nazım Dikbaş
Türkçe–İngilizce / Tirkî–Îngilîzî / Turkish–English