Sustainable Urban form

With the aim to enhance sustainability in general including walkability, the recent urban forms of the designs of the Emirati neighborhoods have been denser and more compact, if compared with the older design models. While there are various guidelines and regulations related to the microscale walkability measures for the urban design of neighborhoods in the Emirates but unfortunately the macroscale walkability measures have not received similar attention. So, to investigate how would these denser and more compact recent neighborhoods designs better perform regarding walkability macroscale measures, the research utilized the urban modelling interface (UMI) walkability simulation tool to calculate the UMI Walkscores of these designs because it considers almost all macroscale factors including both urban morphology and urban planning measures and it also allows for the customization of the types, required catchment distances, and weights of the significance of locally provided amenitie...

The shift towards designing more dense urban social housing neighbourhoods has started with the embracing of urban sustainability principles by the UAE government since the beginning of the 21st century. The assessment of the recent neighbourhoods designs still lacks concrete evidence about their expected performance especially for pedestrian mobility networks. This concern is gaining further significance with the noticeable tendency of most of the recent urban designs towards developing organic and curvilinear networks instead of the conventional orthogonal grids of the mobility networks that distinguished the traditionally designed neighbourhoods in the country. To bridge this gap, the research comparatively and quantitively analysed the accessibility performance indicators of both of the traditional and the modern urban network designs. The research adopted the Case Study method with quantitative investigation tools that are fundamental to Urban Network Analysis, especially in relation to Accessibility. The simulation of the urban networks of two selected urban social housing neighbourhood forms, representing the networks of both the traditional urban orthogonal sprawl and the recent curvilinear dense one, were utilized employing the UNA toolbox. Three complementary Accessibility Indices were analysed including: Reach, Gravity and Straightness. Through this analysis, the aspects that affected the accessibility performance of the two urban form paradigms and the problems that have been associated with the designs of the urban networks of the new social housing projects, have been revealed. It became evident that the denser urban form was not sufficient in enabling more accessible facilities in the recent neighbourhoods designs. The orthogonal grid, even with its very low Floor Area Ratio showed better performance of in the three accessibility indices especially the Straightness index, if compared with the much denser curvilinear grid with it ‘naturally longer’ pattern. The inefficient number and the inappropriate distribution locally provided facilities in relation to the pedestrian mobility networks have contributed to these disappointing results. So, it is essential to include this and/or similar urban network quantitative simulation tools to help develop genuinely sustainable urban forms for this significant type of urban development in the UAE cities.

In light of the rapid global urbanization, urban design has been shown to contribute largely to promoting the health and well-being of urban citizens. However, studies of urban design are underrepresented in low-and middle-income countries in Asia, where urban forms are traditionally compact and complex with multiple layers. Hanoi, a typical city in low-and middle-income countries, exhibits five unique urban typologies generated through official planning, unregulated development, and historical fluctuations. This study examines the perceived urban design from a sample of 218 participants across five urban typologies in Hanoi using an established scale. The findings suggest that perceived urban design is significantly influenced by urban typologies. Old urban typologies tend to report higher scores of land use mix and access to services but lower scores of walking facilities and street connectivity than modern urban typologies. The study contributes to our understanding of urban design in Hanoi, providing policymakers and urban designers with essential insights for sustainable urban development.

The United Arab Emirates is experiencing a challenging turn towards sustainable social housing. Conventional neighborhood planning and design principles are being replaced by those leading to more sustainable urban forms. To trace this challenging move, the research has investigated the degree of consideration of sustainable urban design principles in two social housing neighborhoods in Al Ain City in Abu Dhabi Emirate, UAE. The first represents a conventional urban form based on the neighborhood theory; the other represents the new sustainable design. The ultimate aim is to define the obstacles hindering the full achievement of a sustainable urban form in this housing type. To undertake research investigations, a matrix of the design principles of sustainable urban forms has been initiated in order to facilitate the assessment of the urban forms of the two selected urban communities. Some qualitatively measurable design elements have been defined for each of these principles. The results of the analysis of the shift from 'conventional' to 'sustainable' case studies have revealed some aspects that would prevent the attainment of fully sustainable urban forms in newly designed social housing neighborhoods. Finally, the research concludes by recommending some fundamental actions to help meet these challenges in future design.

The plant that the British cultivated
in Bengal and made
a lot of money off through a
profitable business was the
indigo plant. The British who had
started the extensive cultivation of
indigo in the fertile soil of Bengal
were the same British who had
enacted laws to stop this indigo cultivation.
But indigo plants can still
be seen on both sides of the roads
and in fields in various districts of
Bengal. In fact, even though indigo
cultivation has ceased, the seeds of
the indigo plant have not been eradicated.
Today it is considered a weed
and can be found growing wildly
around cultivated agricultural lands,
or in a bush on the side of the road,
or in a flower or fruit garden. Farmers
typically uproot these so that
they don’t creep into the farm fields.

According to urban experts crime and fear of crime have long been recognized as a major challenge to sustainable cities. It also has a significant impact on quality of life. In Malaysia the crime index has risen significantly over the last few decades. Local authority plays a role in building cities that are safe for people where effective implementation of CPTED will assist in reducing and preventing crime from occurring. Effective implementation of CPTED can help reduce public expenditure in keeping the city safe. The article concludes that the successful implementation of the CPTED concept in Malaysian cities can be achieved by increasing the awareness and understanding of implementers of the concept. Thus, professionals and policy makers should have an awareness of the importance of CPTED in reducing both the fear of crime and crime rates in the urban environment and thus contribute to urban sustainability. 2013 Am. Trans. Eng. Appl. Sci.

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) poses one of the most significant climate-change challenges of the twenty first century, with the expansion of urbanization and industrialization processes. Its primary causes root from the broad topic of urban form and include elements like the substantial heat absorbed and re-emitted by urban structures, anthropogenic heat sources and de-vegetation in densely populated areas. These factors collectively raise the temperature of the urban areas compared to their surroundings, thus, dubbing the phenomena an urban heat island. This report will explore the characteristics of urban form and how they are linked to UHI. Furthermore, the indicators for UHI will be covered, investigating different analytical methods. Finally, various European cities tackling UHI will be studied to give a comprehensive view.

Université Saad Dahlab Blida 1 / Institut d'Architecture et d'Urbanisme Département d'urbanisme Laboratoire OVAMUS Colloque international en urbanisme Les 15-16 novembre 2023 « Villes et territoires en devenir : défis, enjeux et outils d'une transition réussie » VTED23 Territorialité en mode périurbain dans la périphérie Algéroise Ouest BOUSTIL Fériel Enseignant chercheur, Doctorante Institut d'architecture et d'urbanisme Blida1

Ce travail de recherche s’interesse a l’un des plus importants modes de processus d’urbanisation spatiale qui est le lotissement. Il se presente a la fois comme le moyen destine a repondre aux besoins en maison individuelles et nous donne une projection claire de la croissance future de la ville. Actuellement la place de la maison individuelle est importante, l’urbanisme operationnel lui accorde cette place et a son corollaire le lotissement residentiel. Dans le but de prendre en charge de l’organisation spatiale de ces lotissements, une reglementation est etablie, l’omission de certaines aspirations des usagers et le manque de suivi, et de controle par les services technique a donne lieu a l’apparition de plusieurs infractions. Au niveau du respect des surfaces d’occupation du sol, des gabarits et au niveau morphologique. Cette investigation s’interesse a saisir ce dilemme qui range les lotissements par une etude de cas a la ville. Pour ce faire une enquete est realisee au lotissem...

Université Saad Dahlab Blida 1 / Institut d'Architecture et d'Urbanisme Département d'urbanisme Laboratoire OVAMUS Colloque international en urbanisme Les 15-16 novembre 2023 « Villes et territoires en devenir : défis, enjeux et outils d'une transition réussie » VTED23 Territorialité en mode périurbain dans la périphérie Algéroise Ouest BOUSTIL Fériel Enseignant chercheur, Doctorante Institut d'architecture et d'urbanisme Blida1

O presente trabalho verifica se o padrao distributivo estatistico da medida de Centralidade por Proximidade consegue descrever aspectos como compactacao/fragmentacao da forma da cidade e irregularidade da rede urbana. Foram selecionadas 29 cidades brasileiras de porte semelhante com padroes de vias e mancha urbana variados. Os sistemas urbanos foram descritos por seus centros de vias representados por meio de grafos, a fim de analisar as correlacoes entre a medida e os aspectos urbanos descritos. Observou-se que o padrao distributivo da medida e fortemente influenciado pela compacidade da forma urbana e diretamente relacionado a maior ou menor presenca de vazios urbanos. Tambem apresentou relacoes com a irregularidade da rede, entendida como o nivel hierarquico do tracado viario em termos conectivos. Cidades mais compactas e mais irregulares (enquanto redes) possuem melhores indices gerais com a medida. Os resultados alcancados ate o momento sugerem que o uso de descritores do compo...

Cette étude commanditée par la Préfecture de Région de Champagne-Ardenne s'insère dans un ensemble de travaux sur l'espace périurbain régional. Elle vise d'une part, à caractériser les formes de structuration intercommunale des 12 aires urbaines de Champagne-Ardenne et d'autre part à étudier les enjeux de développement auxquels ces établissements de coopération intercommunale doivent répondre en lien avec les communes. Sur le premier plan, l'étude confirme l'existence de phénomènes massifs et généralisés de la périurbanisation auxquels s'ajoutent des spécificités locales liés à l'histoire socio-économique et politique des différents sites. Sur le second plan, l'étude conclue en identifiant trois grandes options de mobilisation de l'intercommunalité : l'option classique dans laquelle les communes assurent les fonctions collectives élémentaires et délèguent à l'intercommunalité les compétences qui peuvent être assurées de façon plus effi...

4.1. L'histoire communale…………………………………………………….. 4.2. Une macrocéphalie communale …………………………………………… 4.3. La gouvernance: un nouveau mode de gestion urbaine……………………. 4.4. La gouvernance urbaine en Tunisie et ses motifs…………………………. 4.5. La ville: un espace de rencontre des pouvoirs……………………………... 4.6. L'intercommunalité à Sfax………………………………………………... 4.6.1. L'abattoir régional……………………………………………………….. 4.6.2. La décharge régionale contrôlée………………………………………… 4.6.3. Les autres projets intercommunaux……………………………………… 4.7. Une intercommunalité sous contrainte……………………………………. 4.8. Un domaine de l'intercommunalité: la gestion des déchets……………….. 100 101 104 105 106 106 106 107 107 4.8.1. La production des déchets: un indicateur communal……………………. 4.8.1.1. Les déchets: indice de pression sur l'espace…………………………… 4.9. Les formes d'intercommunalité………………………………………….. 4.9.1. La fusion des communes ………………………………………………. 4.9.2. Mise en place de structures supra communales…………………………. 4.9.3. La coopération intercommunale…………………………………………. CHAPITRE III: SFAX ET LE PROJET DE METROPOLE 1. ATOUTS, CONTRAINTES ET INSUFFISANCES……………………………………… 2. LES ACTIONS D'AMENAGEMENT ……………………………………………………. 2.1. L'ouverture de la ville……………………………………………………. 2.2. La lutte contre l'étalement ……………………………………………….. 2.3. La question patrimoniale…………………………………………………. 2.4. Le développement de la centralité…………………………………………. 2.5 Rendre la ville aux piétons et aux modes doux de mobilité ………………. 3. LES ACTIONS ECONOMIQUES ………………………………………………….. 4. LES SCENARIOS DE DEVELOPPEMENT ……………………………………………. 4.1. La projection démographique……………………………………………… 4.2. Besoins additionnels en logements et en foncier………………………….. 4.3 Les scénarios proposés……………………………………………………... 4.3.1: Développement de la ville dans la ville………………………………….. 4.3.2. Développement des pôles périphériques existants (Merkez et PIF)…….. 4.3.3. Le développement multipolaire et décentralisé………………………….. 4.3.4. Scénario de Synthèse……………………………………………………. CONCLUSION Dans la mesure où ils représentent la primauté de l'ordre public, les premiers documents d'aménagement, avaient une vision globale de la ville. Les espaces périphériques assimilées à des banlieues de la ville, devrait subir les politiques du centre.

According to urban experts crime and fear of crime have long been recognized as a major challenge to sustainable cities. It also has a significant impact on quality of life. In Malaysia the crime index has risen significantly over the last few decades. Local authority plays a role in building cities that are safe for people where effective implementation of CPTED will assist in reducing and preventing crime from occurring. Effective implementation of CPTED can help reduce public expenditure in keeping the city safe. The article concludes that the successful implementation of the CPTED concept in Malaysian cities can be achieved by increasing the awareness and understanding of implementers of the concept. Thus, professionals and policy makers should have an awareness of the importance of CPTED in reducing both the fear of crime and crime rates in the urban environment and thus contribute to urban sustainability. 2013 Am. Trans. Eng. Appl. Sci.

La périurbanisation, apparue à La Réunion dans les années 80, correspond à un nouveau mode de diffusion urbaine de grande ampleur dans l'île. De nombreux espaces périphériques jusque-là ruraux, deviennent rapidement les principaux supports de la croissance soutenue des villes, presque toutes littorales. La perdurance du phénomène et les profondes mutations qui l'accompagnent, mettent en exergue l'établissement de nouveaux rapports spatiaux, humains, économiques… plus ou moins spécifiques aux environnements périurbains. Aussi, la définition et la mise en oeuvre de stratégies d'aménagement et de développement durables à La Réunion, passentelles, au préalable, par une prise en considération effective de la dynamique périurbaine et de ses impacts.

Depuis le début des années 80, le processus de périurbanisation affecte largement les espaces ruraux de La Réunion. Ces derniers ont du mal à résister à la dynamique urbaine et sont le théâtre d'importantes et rapides transformations. Pourtant, les enjeux économiques, humains, ainsi que ceux de l'aménagement du territoire sont considérables pour un département exigu et largement dépendant de la culture de la canne à sucre. A La Réunion, la commune de La Possession, concernée par ce mode de diffusion urbaine, se présente comme un cas d'école en la matière. C'est « un espace synthèse » original, réunissant sur son territoire les différents types d'espaces périphériques générés par le phénomène.

Self-promoted habitat is a policy allows individual settlers to own land, build and operate it as their future habitat without meaningful inputs from the government and other public services. That policy is a common practice in the DRC since colonial administration, starting with the "old [African] cities" built at Kintambo commune in 1881, followed by Kinshasa, Barumbu et Lingwala communes as well as peripherical communes built after independence, the self-promoted settlement reaching its apogee in 1974. This study aimed to raise an alarm and draw the attention of policymakers on the urbanization crisis going on in the city of Kinshasa due to the self-promoted habitat that is being practiced. Based on a cartographic patterns analysis and a statistical prediction, the study indicates that the population of Kinshasa has increased twenty-folds from a million inhabitants at a rate of 2.5% each year. These demographic trends of Kinshasa city range from 1,150,783 people in 1974 to 20,670,972 inhabitants in 2024, while the surface area and number of compounds did not vary at a correlation of 70% and above, resulting in increased risks of land degradation, namely risks of soil erosion and floodings, and bottlenecks in setting up transport infrastructure as well as power, sanitation and water supply networks. This policy may have paved the way to devastating effects on the land due to the absence primary public works such as canals and trenches as well as other significant infrastructure and control measures from the city planning extension services. Hence, the need for precautionary measures prior to granting permits and allowing new settlements. The study recommends to put on hold the sale of lands on all vacant spaces within the periphery, representing more than 90% of the city landmass, mainly in Mont-Ngafula, N'sele and Maluku communes. They shall be declared, with immediate effects, "protected areas" while planning for infrastructure and settlements in new towns.

Urban scale digital twins are virtual replicas of cities or parts of cities that are often used, in contemporary practices of urban and spatial planning, to simulate scenarios concerning sustainable environmental design. The paper takes into account the distinction between the concept of "commons" and the concept of "commoning" (Bresnihan 2016; Stavridis 2016) concerning the impact of common practices on relations between citizens within societies dominated by big data. Urban scale digital twins, which have as a core characteristic the possibility to be updated in real-time thanks to the use of technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence, aim to compare different strategies during the processes of decision-making concerning urban and spatial planning. The paper aims to analyze the role of "digital universalism” in the case of urban-scale digital twins (Charitonidou 2022). In parallel, it intends to shape an urban and urban planning critical perspective that would take into account the transition from the technical to the socio-technical perspectives within the field of smart cities (Loukissas 2019). Despite the aspirations of urban scale digital twins to enhance the participation of citizens in the decision-making processes relayed to urban planning strategies, the fact that they are based on a limited set of variables and processes makes them problematic when they are used to incorporate socio-historical parameters. The paper also intends to shed light on the tension between the real and the ideal at stake during the process of abstracting sets of variables and processes in the case of urban scale digital twins. Special emphasis is placed on the critiques of "digital universalism" or "data universalism" (Loukissas 2019; Charitonidou 2022). (Loukissas 2019; Charitonidou 2022), on the concept of Ecumenopolis in the work of Constantinos A. Doxiadis (Doxiadis 1962) and the relation of urban governance in the thought of Constantinos A. Doxiadis and Adriano Olivetti to contemporary urban planning practices based on the use of artificial intelligence and big data. According to Doxiadis, Ecumenopolis would “form a continuous, differentiated, but also unified texture consisting of many cells, the human communities” (Doxiadis 1968). Moreover, special attention is paid to Adriano Olivetti’s understanding of urban planning methods as concrete utopias (Olivetti 1945; 1960). At the heart of the paper is the development of methodological tools that offer the possibility of developing new forms of participatory planning by linking the use of artificial intelligence and big data in urban planning with the holistic approaches of urban planning of Constantinos A. Doxiadis and Adriano Olivetti. Particular emphasis will be placed on the ethical issues that concern artificial intelligence and big data in the case of urban scale digital twins.

Purpose-This study intends to analyze the trend of walkability research over two years (2021-2022) in several aspects, including the research problem, gap and aim underlying walkability issues, research setting, the scale of analysis, the type of data, the data collection tool, the analysis method and contribution. Design/methodology/approach-Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) is employed to conduct a systematic literature review from three leading databases including Web of Science (WoS), Scopus and Sage. Findings-From the review, it can be concluded that the research focuses on two aspects, namely, the built environment and people. The studies in this field are conducted at different scales of the built environment, from macroscale to microscale, including region, city, neighborhood and street-level studies that are conducted around the world including Asia, Europe and America which receive high attention from researchers. Meanwhile, the study of walkability in Australia and Africa gains less attention. It is revealed that there are four factors of walkability including land use and accessibility for macroscale which cover region, city and neighborhood, while street network and pedestrian infrastructure and facility are mainly analyzed for streetlevel. Most of the studies widely utilize a quantitative approach for analyzing physical walkability factors in a measurement-based approach by using certain tools/software, and a perception-based approach by using questionnaires. Research limitations/implications-The findings can assist to keep up with the rapid pace of scientific publications and help accelerate the understanding of particular ideas in the field of walkability for the planning and design practice and policy that can be used by researchers/academia, urban designers, urban planners, architects, engineers and policymakers. Also, this study hopefully could assist further research direction for the future and could add value to a more advanced way of understanding the research on walkability. Originality/value-This research provides a robust framework for walkability trend analysis and a comprehensive understanding of the main ideas from the existing research on walkability worldwide.

La discontinuite du tissu urbain est une caracteristique des villes paulistes de Marilia, Sao Carlos et Presidente Prudente. L’extension des tissus urbains de ces villes (sous des formes dispersees) est liee aux dynamiques inductrices de ce debut de siecle et s’appuie sur des vecteurs tels le role des pouvoirs publics dans la production des habitations d’interet social et des investissements prives notamment dans l’implantation d’espaces de consommation destines aux groupes a hauts revenus. On dispose des elements necessaires pour montrer comment les structures urbaines se configurent de maniere plus complexe et comment les distances spatiales renforcent les distances sociales. Dans l’analyse, on fait attention notamment aux formes spatiales produites dans le but d’elargir le debat sur les rapports entre continuite territoriale et continuite spatiale en vue de montrer que la discontinuite territoriale n’est pas seulement politico-administrative, mais affecte la constitution des terr...

Place du sujet dans le programme de Seconde professionnelle : Géographie. 3. Le développement inégal, les inégalités socio-spatiales dans le Grand Nouméa Capacités :  relever, classer, hiérarchiser les informations contenues dans le document selon des critères donnés  utiliser les Techniques Usuelles de l'Information et de la Communication

En el contexto actual de rápido crecimiento poblacional y expansión urbana, el concepto de metrópolis
requiere una atención prioritaria. En ese sentido, el estudio se enfoca en el área metropolitana de
la Gran Santa Cruz, la cual está conformada por 9 municipios, destacándose Santa Cruz de la Sierra
como la ciudad con el mayor índice demográfico en Bolivia. Debido a ello, la formulación de un plano
metropolitano detallado cumple el propósito de fortalecer su gestión y desarrollo metropolitano. La
metodología empleada comprende el uso de técnicas informáticas y herramientas como SIG e IA. Los
resultados y la discusión presentan el Plano Gran Santa Cruz como una representación actualizada
del área metropolitana y consecutivamente se muestran algunos resultados aplicados sobre el plano,
utilizando información de código abierto de fuentes como META a través de la ONU. Esto permitió
identificar que la realidad espacial se presenta de manera dispersa y fragmentada. La conclusión enfatiza
sobre la necesidad de abordar los retos mediante una planificación metropolitana sostenible, basada en
esta información que fue obtenida a través de herramientas digitales y datos de código abierto.

Abstract: La France compte 14 930 communes périurbaines qui couvrent le tiers du territoire, parmi lesquelles 90% sont des communes rurales. On associe souvent le mouvement de périurbanisation à la ségrégation sociale dans les villes. Nous en expliquons les raisons. Depuis deux décennies, le revenu moyen communal par foyer fiscal progresse dans les couronnes périurbaines proches des villes et il est en recul dans les villescentres, montrant un enrichissement relatif de ces proches couronnes. Cependant, les cadres ont des localisations plus centrales que les ouvriers, ces derniers étant surreprésentés dans les communes périurbaines éloignées. De plus, on observe une intensification de la ségrégation au sein des pôles urbains.

Ces réglementations concernent un champ très important et ont pour caractéristiques communes «d'affecter le droit de propriété et l'ensemble de ses variantes qui déterminent la relation entre l'homme et le sol notamment : le zonage les grands ouvrages structurants, la protection de l’environnement, la prévention des risques naturels et technologiques, la délivrance des différents permis et autorisations, les restrictions à la libre utilisation du sol ou des bâtiments par de multiples servitudes» 2 .

The urban built environment has a significant role in leading individuals to outdoor spaces, socializing, and being together. Despite the Egyptian Government’s efforts to provide more housing for people in different forms, they ignore the social life in the new residential neighborhood when designing the neighborhood’s urban form. This paper examines the quantitative connection between the Urban Form Aspects and Social Sustainability in residential communities. The research selects Salam New City in Port Said Governorate as a case study and applies different scenarios for the most important urban aspects. The research uses the simulation method to investigate the effects of the different urban form scenarios on the social aspects by using Urban Modeling Interference (Umi) and DepthmapX simulation software. Finally, the paper concludes that social interaction and activities improve by 48% and social integration will improve by 74% from the base case for Salam New City case study when...

Much of the literature on sustainable communities and compact cities calls for higher density housing including multifamily dwellings. Some case studies suggest problems with such dwellings. However, rigorous comparative research on this topic has not been conducted to date. This paper draws on a high quality, comparative dataset, the European Social Survey, to analyse a) the quality of multifamily dwellings in European urban areas, b) the characteristics of residents of these dwellings, c) their life satisfaction compared with those living in detached housing and d) the relative importance of built form in explaining life satisfaction. One of the main findings from the multivariate analyses is that built form, including residing in multifamily housing, is not a statistically significant predictor of life satisfaction when you control for standard predictors of life satisfaction (e.g. health, employment and income) and housing and neighbourhood quality.

Nicolas Van Oost. Entre l'académie et la pratique professionnelle 10 Giulia Scialpi Site surveying 14 Maider Llaguno-Munitxa L'Existenzminimum dans le travail 22 de Kenneth Frampton Gregorio Carboni Maestri Brussels Housing 28 Un atlas du logement à Bruxelles Gérald Ledent Vers une dynamique d'objectivation 32 de l'évaluation patrimoniale

The rapid urbanization growth in Dubai has resulted in connectivity issues and is therefore considered tremendous development pressure. That has led the local authorities to set a vision for Dubai as a 15–20 min city by 2040. In a 15 min city, all services can be reached within 15 min of travel time using sustainable mobility means, including walking, cycling, or electric biking. This study aims to assess the current walkability situation within 15 min in the most significant parts of Dubai. The study considered 13 communities, including Bur-Dubai and Business Bay, which were selected to represent ungated communities and eleven major gated communities. Those neighborhoods were selected based on the developments’ socio-economic status and population density. The assessment considered 14 essential services, grouped into five categories: educational, health, social, entertainment, and religious. The data for this study was collected through desktop research, site visits, and residents’...

The rapid urbanization growth in Dubai has resulted in connectivity issues and is therefore considered tremendous development pressure. That has led the local authorities to set a vision for Dubai as a 15–20 min city by 2040. In a 15 min city, all services can be reached within 15 min of travel time using sustainable mobility means, including walking, cycling, or electric biking. This study aims to assess the current walkability situation within 15 min in the most significant parts of Dubai. The study considered 13 communities, including Bur-Dubai and Business Bay, which were selected to represent ungated communities and eleven major gated communities. Those neighborhoods were selected based on the developments’ socio-economic status and population density. The assessment considered 14 essential services, grouped into five categories: educational, health, social, entertainment, and religious. The data for this study was collected through desktop research, site visits, and residents’...

In light of the rapid global urbanization, urban design has been shown to contribute largely to promoting the health and well-being of urban citizens. However, studies of urban design are underrepresented in low-and middle-income countries in Asia, where urban forms are traditionally compact and complex with multiple layers. Hanoi, a typical city in low-and middle-income countries, exhibits five unique urban typologies generated through official planning, unregulated development, and historical fluctuations. This study examines the perceived urban design from a sample of 218 participants across five urban typologies in Hanoi using an established scale. The findings suggest that perceived urban design is significantly influenced by urban typologies. Old urban typologies tend to report higher scores of land use mix and access to services but lower scores of walking facilities and street connectivity than modern urban typologies. The study contributes to our understanding of urban design in Hanoi, providing policymakers and urban designers with essential insights for sustainable urban development. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Publisher's Note: Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Cet article examine la réception sociale des modalités de densification de deux quartiers pavillonnaires anciens situés en France, en périphérie de Paris et d'Angers. Sur la base d'une enquête qualitative par entretiens auprès de 39 personnes, il observe les modifications du point de vue des habitants. Il montre tout d'abord que les habitants n'envisagent pas facilement de transformer leur habitation, que ce soit pour en tirer des revenus supplémentaires, accueillir un proche ou anticiper leurs vieux jours. Les changements surviennent surtout lors de mutations, au moment où l'habitation change de propriétaire. De ce point de vue, les acteurs du marché immobilier, et notamment les intermédiaires tels que les agents immobiliers, jouent un rôleclé. Ensuite, l'article met en évidence le fait que, si les habitants des quartiers pavillonnaires sont réputés réticents face au changement, dans les contextes étudiés, la passivité règne. Plus précisément, pour eux, le règlement d'urbanisme fait loi. Ceci étant, ces règlements n'autorisent pas de transformations très importantes et tendent à devenir plus conservateurs.

Kentlerde daha iyi yaşam çevrelerinin üretilmesi, şehir planlama meslek alanında fiziksel çevredeki kalite standartlarına ve bunların uygulanmasına bağlıdır. Sürdürülebilir kentsel biçim (SKB) ilkeleri ise, daha yaşanabilir kentsel çevrelerin, komşuluk ve yapı-adası ölçeğinde tasarlanmasını ve planlanmasını gündeme getirmiştir. Bu bağlamda makale, Türkiye’deki kentsel alanları SKB ilkelerine göre değerlendirmeyi ve şehir planlamanın mekân üretme pratiğine katkı yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Akıllı büyüme ve yeni şehircilik gibi akımların doğrultusundaki LEED-ND programında kullanılan SKB ölçütlerinin uygulanabilirliği kentsel tasarım yazını ve Türkiye imar mevzuatıyla irdelenmiştir. Derişiklik/yoğunluk, erişilebilirlik, karma-arazi kullanımı, yeşil alanlar, geçirgenlik ve çeşitlilik gibi SKB ölçütlerine dair ölçüm yöntemleri geliştirildikten sonra, bunlar Bursa’nın Yıldırım ilçesinde morfolojik farklılığa sahip konut alanlarını temsilen altı mahallede seçilen birer yapı adası ve çevresind...

A cidade de Nova Iguaçu está entre as que possuem maiores índices de poluição do ar e mortalidade da Região Metropolitana no Rio de Janeiro. Seus níveis de Material Particulado (PM) são duas vezes maiores que os estabelecidos pela World Health Organization (WHO). Essas substâncias podem desencadear ou exacerbar doenças respiratórias, cardiovasculares, diferentes tipos de câncer e diabetes, além de levar a mortalidade prematura. A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a variabilidade da qualidade do ar e parâmetros meteorológicos, conforme a presença de partículas inaláveis (PM10), na cidade de Nova Iguaçu, no período dos anos de 2000 a 2016. O poluente do ar escolhido foi o Material Particulado (PM10) e variáveis meteorológicas que incluem vento, temperatura e umidade do ar. As bases de dados são públicas e fornecidas pelo (INEA), as variáveis meteorológicas foram correlacionadas através do coeficiente de Pearson. O estudo abrangeu um período de 17 anos, o PM10 manteve valores exce...

Urban planning is a science that is reflected in the methods of land uses especially housing use, which is one of the most important sector in the city. It is considered the most important human requirement after food and wearer. The master plan is considered as one of the most important urban frame. It contains all the structural plans to control the urban expansion of all service sectors for the land uses in the city. It is planned for present and future status for the cites. The city master plan guarantees the equal distribution of urban land expansion from all sides. It secures the provision and implementation of housing projects to all residents in the city, Because of the economic growth that the city of Sulaimani witnessed after 2003. The city was suffering from a lack of attention to the issue of preparing a master plan. It did not have a master plan except for old studies that were carried out by the federal government. The master plan studies began from 2006 to 2009, then ...

IMM, Integrated Modification Methodology, is a holistic, multiscale and multi-stage, iterative process, applied to urban contexts seen as Complex Adaptive Systems, for improving their metabolism as well as their energy performances. In IMM cities are energy-using systems in their own right and they consume energy in varying level of efficiency. City as CAS is a specific type of complex system with adaptive and resilience ability and its final energy consumption and related performance is different than the sum of its heterogeneous element's performance. Main headline of the current paper is to focus on how urban morphology is correlated with urban sustainability and energy performance and to demonstrate how an existing urban assessment (Porto Maravilha, in Rio de Janeiro) can be reformed into a lower energy consumption system and a more liveable and sustainable context. This paper wishes to demonstrate how this design methodology can contribute through integrated design optimization to address the challenges of urban growth and environmental issues simultaneously. Actually an Urban modification theory based on an integrated approach can help to sharpen a better comprehension of the different performances of different urban assessment and contribute to climate mitigation and emission reduction, integrating Design Principles with the issue of saving natural resources. In IMM DOPs (design Ordering Principles) are tools/instruments used to arrange the structure of the CAS. The application of these principles affects the CAS's structure and its performances. In IMM, DOP's are associated with indicators, a core set of elements used in the process for comparing the characteristic performance of the CAS before and after the transformation occurred. This paper using a specific and challenging case study shows that urban transformation can be performed, retrofitted and monitored with the final goal of achieving a more sustainable arrangement. The authors intended to examine how a local design area located in the dense core of Rio (Porto Maravilha) can affect transformation of the entire CAS (the city of Rio de Janeiro) towards more sustainable development of some of the city's main concerns, mitigating marginal growth, low performances and a growing pollution as well as promoting social inclusion and a more liveable environment.

More than three-fourths of the world's population live and work in cities, where up to 80% of all available energy is consumed and over half of greenhouse gas emissions are created. In this complex condition, sustainable urban development could deal with both urban growth demands as well as environmental concerns. Regarding awareness of the population distribution as it affects energy consumption, this paper sketches out the relationships between urban morphology and energy consumption, providing some new basic design principles to reshape urban assessment, as well as to design new sustainable neighborhoods as an integrated part of the city. Our research applies a specific as well as an innovative approach based on a holistic methodology with the consideration of the city as a complex adaptive system with the ability to learn from past encountered conditions. Hence, considering that the energy consumption of the city is not the sum of all its buildings' consumption, and the final emergence of the system is completely different than the individual element's performance, is the main premise of the research. Accordingly, the paper illustrates a simulative method, based on mentioned methodology of complexity, for one whom deals with the sustainable neighborhood designs and urban transformations. The research is not suggesting a unique solution for different contexts, but rather investigating how to control the urban transformation process to achieve a sustainable form.

Vertical urbanization to maximize land use in many cities has led to a shortage of urban spaces that could adequately meet people's needs. In response, CityWalk has emerged as a new urban form to solve this problem by attracting people to go from inside closed buildings to outside walks. Thus, it is promoting health, economy, and tourism. Locally in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), especially in Dubai, a limited number of CityWalks have been developed. Despite the increasing popularity of CityWalks, there has been a gap in research examining their distinct emerging urban typologies and their urban configuration. This study seeks to address this gap by first conceptualizing CityWalk as an emerging urban public space based on the exploration of global and local experiences. Second, the study categorized the morphological configuration of three selected case studies of CityWalks in Dubai using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. These case studies represent three different developments of CityWalks in three different contexts in the UAE. First, CityWalks within the inner city's urban context are represented by 'City Walk' in Al Wasel. Second, CityWalks surrounded by the sea represented by 'The Walk' in Marsa Dubai. Third, CityWalks developed next to traditional buildings represented by 'Al Seef' in Al Hamriya. The findings of the research investigations reveal that the emerging 'CityWalks' developments in each of the three different urban contexts in Dubai do not represent a single familiar urban space typology but rather a 'harmonious' blend of global and local urban design typologies. In addition, the urban morphological analysis of these three urban developments underscores the distinctive characteristics of each of them in terms of street network, urban form, urban compactness, land use, and shading. This contributes to better understanding of these emerging urban forms and hence pave the way for more research about their socioeconomic robustness to ultimately contribute to more successful future designs of 'CityWalks' in Dubai and other cities in the region.