Social and Cultural Change

Research Backgrounds: The presence of British colonial administration, enriched indigenous knowledge systems, relationships between colonizers and colonized, and various other factors played significant role in the complex and varied nature of knowledge creation in colonial Indian society. They composed literature, poetry, plays, and treatises, exploring diverse themes, including religion, philosophy, social issues, and nationalism. This indigenous knowledge production helped preserve and develop traditional knowledge systems, including medicine, Ayurveda, yoga, astrology, and various forms of art and craftsmanship. Imperial agencies and native undercurrents interacted, sometimes collaborating and at other times in conflict, shaping the knowledge landscape of colonial India. Objective: The primary goal of the current study is to identify how knowledge creation process was influenced by various agencies of Colonial Indian Society. Research design and Methodology: This study is an overview with in-depth analysis, a qualitative research approach together with secondary information collected from electronic resources such as book chapters, journals, articles, research, the internet, and the Google search engine. Major findings and Conclusion: The literature review was conducted using analytical techniques, and an outcome was reached after carefully examining all the information. According to this study, the process of knowledge development during colonial control was complicated and not equally experienced by all social classes. It involved negotiations between the colonizers and the colonized, with the outcomes being influenced by power dynamics, cultural conflicts, and adaptations. The intellectual environment in modern India is still being shaped by this era. The British administration and its emphasis on Western knowledge systems, as well as the vernacular significance, which included indigenous languages, traditional wisdom, and the intellectual resistance against colonial rule, had an impact on the creation of knowledge in colonial Indian society.

This paper focuses on religious feasts 3 in Lesbos which motivate participation from both locals and foreigners. We aim at highlighting the changes and the causes that prompted the inhabitants of Lesbos to modify their festive practices and musical preferences. The paper refers to the period from the end of the 19th to 21st century (2022), drawing on previous research by members of the University of Aegean and supplemented by the field research material gathered as part of my PhD thesis. Taking everything into account, we conclude that the changes in panegyria, as well as in the festive practices are the result of social, economic and cultural changes, which are reinforced and/or expanded due to the development of technology and digital media, which in any case should not be considered separate and cut off from social becoming.

Rezumat Acest eseu examinează modul în care deferența elitei, interpretată prin prisma marxistă a conștiinței false, susține cultura impunității din România în cadrul său juridico-instituțional. Analizează modul în care stimulentele structurale, rețelele clientelistice și slăbiciunile judiciare permit un tratament preferențial pentru elitele conectate politic, adesea legate de partide dominante precum Partidul Social Democrat (PSD). Bazându-se pe legile românești (de exemplu, Legea nr. 78/2000, Legea nr. 361/2022), directivele UE (de exemplu, Directiva (UE) 2017/1371), jurisprudența CEDO și CJUE și literatura științelor sociale, studiul situează impunitatea în Rapoartele Comisiei Europene privind statul de drept și în acțiunile de punere în aplicare a Parchetului European (EPPO), cum ar fi ancheta din 2023 privind frauda în infrastructură finanțată de UE. Identifică capturarea judiciară și achizițiile publice ca locuri cheie ale favoritismului elitei și propune reforme-numiri transparente, sisteme digitale de achiziții publice și supraveghere UE-pentru a perturba ciclurile auto-întăritoare de deferență și corupție, recunoscând în același timp progresul anticorupție al României prin intermediul Direcției Naționale Anticorupție (DNA). Introducere Discursul public din România evidențiază adesea o cultură a deferenței față de elită, în care actorii puternici primesc un tratament preferențial. Analizat prin intermediul conceptului marxist de falsă conștiință-o recunoaștere greșită indusă de ideologie care normalizează relațiile de putere inegale (Lukács, 1923)-acest fenomen se manifestă ca un proces social recursiv. Prin intermediul mass-media și socializării, cetățenii și oficialii internalizează legitimitatea schimburilor clientelare, perpetuând o cultură a impunității în ciuda unor legi anticorupție robuste (Mungiu-Pippidi, 2015). De exemplu, cazuri de mare anvergură, precum urmărirea penală din 2018 a liderului PSD, Liviu Dragnea, pentru abuz în serviciu, ilustrează modul în care elitele politice se sustrage adesea responsabilității prin intermediul rețelelor de clientelism. Cadrul anticorupție al României include Legea nr. 78/2000 privind infracțiunile de corupție, Legea nr. 176/2010 privind dezvăluirea integrității și Legea nr. 361/2022 privind denunțarea neregulilor, completate de instrumente ale UE precum Directiva PIF (Directiva (UE) 2017/1371) și Directiva privind denunțarea neregulilor (Directiva (UE) 2019/1937) (EUR-Lex, 2017; EUR-Lex, 2019; OECD, 2023). În ciuda acestora, patronajul elitelor persistă în achizițiile publice și în procesele judiciare, subminând integritatea instituțională (Coman & Mungiu-Pippidi, 2020; Mares & Young, 2016). Acest eseu examinează capturarea judiciară și achizițiile publice ca locuri cheie ale impunității, propunând reforme sistemice pentru a alinia stimulentele cu transparența și responsabilitatea.

Introduction: This research study explores the impact of colonial rhetoric on the societal changes in India from a sociological perspective. This study examines the intellectual, cultural, and social impacts of colonial rule in India and the ensuing process of decolonization. This research sheds light on the effect of power dynamics, cultural encounters, and hegemonic frameworks imposed by the colonisers on Indian culture. It explores how these discourses brought about substantial changes in several aspects of Indian life. The research also emphasises the active role of Indian people and groups in negotiating and questioning colonial ideas, therefore playing a part in shaping the changing sociocultural landscape of postwar India. Methodology: This study utilises a qualitative research approach, including documentary techniques and a comprehensive literature assessment. Major Findings: Colonial discourse reshapes the power dynamics and dominance of the Indian social structure. The intervention of the British Raj resulted in significant changes to the functions of language, education, ethnic hierarchy, and social distinction. Additionally, it modifies the legal and institutional framework, as well as the dynamics of gender, caste, social mobility, and institutional structure. Conclusion: This research emphasises the active role of Indian people and groups in navigating and questioning colonial discourses, leading to significant sociocultural transformations. Furthermore, it highlights the intricate process of decolonization and the lasting impacts of colonialism in postcolonial India. In order to fully understand the intricacies of India's historical and current state, it is crucial to grasp the interplay between colonial rhetoric and the ever-changing Indian society.

This dissertation examines the American tattoo renaissance from the late 1960s through the 1980s, an era in which a subcultural movement worked to elevate body ink from its stigmatized status in American culture to an appreciated and mainstream position as a fine art. I explore this period as a cultural tipping point in body ink's American history that was (and is) presented as a white liberal movement that redefined the practice to suit the middle-class palate. Tattoos became commodified as popular fashion items that symbolized the wearer’s individuality, bodily autonomy, and open-mindedness. Upon deeper investigation, however, I show that this ‘official’ and dominative narrative exists and persists through the erasure of marginalized individuals and social groups from the practice’s cultural production and hegemonic memory.

Food is cultural artefacts.Santhal community one of the largest community and preserver of nature. They upholder of their traditional culture.purulia and dumka both are highly populated area for santhal communities.This research proposal is for basic understanding and comparative study of two area (Purulia and Dumka) about evolution of food ,changes of preference by modern generation and challanges faced by community for their food habits.

The objective of this research articles is to study MarkeeShop's sales style in online shopping culture. by studying from the MakeeShop in Platform Facebook account name MakeeShop by selecting 3 live clips with more than 500,000 views, the results of the study found that MakeeShop's sales style in online shopping culture It appears that there are 3 types and analyzed using the concept of verbal style, which are: Casual style, Intimate style, Consultative style, Frozen style and Formal style. The results of the study found that 1) Casual style, including the use of pronouns to call customers and self-Using repetitions to emphasize the customer and the use of comfortable spoken language for short, easy-to-understand, showing friendliness to the customers. 2) Intimate speech, such as the use of slang words that are rarely found in the products of MakeeShop. The use of suffixes, which is the highlight of the seller when talking about the product. and the use of words known to specific groups to communicate knowledge between buyers and sellers. And 3) Consultative style, used in professional conversations Q&A between customer and seller using the Internet as a medium to build intimacy sociability and discussing and agreeing on purchasing products through applications, all 3 types of speech, are important to the culture of selling products online as well.

In this chapter, I will argue that BV can make two contributions to assessing the inequalities produced by extractivism, taking into account not just
economic inequalities but also how ecological harms embed epistemic and
political inequalities. First, I will provide a political genealogy of BV to show
that when it is understood as a meaningful discursive space from which to
defend and promote a basic interest in cultural identity, in territory, and
in sustaining non-commodified relations with Nature, it has empowering
potential for those who are the least advantaged in this development model,
the Latin American Indigenous populations. They are the least advantaged
because neo-extractivism is committed to territorial expansion; it involves
searching for geographic spaces that were previously deemed ‘remote, unproductive, or even empty’ and where Indigenous populations develop their life (De la Cadena 2010, p. 353). In this sense, extractive practices also worsen domestic inequalities by perpetuating structural injustices and patterns of oppression, since the colonial imposition of a political, cultural, and economic order seriously hampered the self-determination of these populations by placing them on the last rung of a race-related hierarchy. Second, I wil identify some practical consequences of embracing BV and how it can reduce the extent of those inequalities, although it can only do so if it defends a special kind of biocentrism, relational biocentrism.

Film-cultural processes of change in today’s network society, especially that of relocation, draw attention to an increasingly personalized and active film experience. Against this background, a transdisciplinary, application-oriented film-psychological approach is proposed here that is situational, processual–dynamic, and affective–integrative. It is oriented toward the aesthetic experience of recipients of audiovisual artworks. Based on movement and vitality, affective–integrative film psychology investigates the intertwining of the affect dramaturgy, dynamic affectivity, and performance of the recipients. The so-called film-psychological experience matrix is presented as an original field of research.

La obra editada por Alejandro G. Sinner y Víctor Revilla Calvo tiene como objetivo principal el análisis histórico de los fenómenos religiosos en Hispania para entender el cambio cultural y social de sus comunidades durante su conquista, así como las respuestas individuales y colectivas a los procesos derivados de la misma (p. 16). Como señalan ambos autores en la introducción de la obra, las transformaciones, principalmente culturales, que experimentan las comunidades hispanas entre los siglos III a.C. y I d.C. son estudiadas de acuerdo con las aportaciones de las teorías postcoloniales. En este sentido, se atiende a la construcción de la memoria de estas sociedades, y sus narrativas sobre el pasado, como elementos fundamentales en la elaboración de identidades que, a su vez, son respuestas, colectivas e individuales, a las vicisitudes del contexto. El espacio marco de estudio, la península ibérica, es definida como un "micro-continente"; un campo de análisis privilegiado no sólo por la duración del pro-SINNER, ALEJANDRO G. & REVILLA CALVO, VÍCTOR (EDS.) (2022). Religious Dynamics in a Microcontinent. Cult Places, Identities, and Cultural Change in Hispania.

เหตุผลของการทำวิจัย: เนื่องจากความขัดแย้งระหว่างคนและลิงเพิ่มขึ้นอย่างต่อเนื่องจากการขยายตัวของเมืองและการทำลายป่าไม้ อำเภอเมืองลพบุรีเป็นหนึ่งในพื้นที่ที่มีปัญหาความขัดแย้งสูงที่สุดในประเทศไทย และโรครับจากสัตว์จากการถูกลิงกัดหรือข่วนเป็นประเด็นสำคัญทางด้านสาธารณสุข แต่ในปัจจุบันยังไม่มีงานวิจัยทางระบาดวิทยาที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการได้รับบาดเจ็บจากลิงในประเทศไทย วัตถุประสงค์: 1) เพื่อคำนวณอุบัติการณ์ของการได้รับบาดเจ็บจากลิง 2) เพื่อแสดงแนวโน้มอุบัติการณ์ของการได้รับบาดเจ็บจากลิง 3) เพื่ออธิบายลักษณะของผู้ได้รับบาดเจ็บจากลิง ในพื้นที่อำเภอเมือง จังหวัดลพบุรี ระหว่างปีงบประมาณ 2556-2560 วิธีการทำวิจัย: เป็นการศึกษาเชิงวิเคราะห์ภาคตัดขวาง เพื่อเปรียบเทียบการได้รับบาดเจ็บจากลิงในรูปของอุบัติการณ์ ระหว่างกลุ่มคนท้องถิ่น นักท่องเที่ยวชาวไทย และนักท่องเที่ยวชาวต่างชาติ โดยรวบรวมข้อมูลทุติยภูมิจากเวชระเบียนของโรงพยาบาลในพื้นที่ศึกษา อุบัติการณ์ที่ได้ใช้ในการคำนวณค่าความเสี่ยงสัมพัทธ์เพื่อเปรียบเทียบความเสี่ยงระหว่างนักท่องเที่ยวกับคนท้องถิ่น แนวโน้มของอุบัติการณ์นำเสนอในรูปกราฟเส้น และรายละเอียดของผู้ที่ได้รับบาดเจ็บจากลิงนำเสนอในรูปความถี่และร้อยละ ผลการศึกษา: อุบัติการณ์รายปีของคนท้องถิ่น นักท่องเที่ยวชาวไทย และนักท่องเที่ยวชาวต่างชาติ อยู่ในช่วงระหว่าง 9.16 - 18.33 190.16 - 379.13 และ 254.07 – 736.91 ต่อแสนประชากร ตามลำดับ แนวโน้มของอุบัติการณ์เพิ่มขึ้นอย่างมากในกลุ่มนักท่องเที่ยวชาวต่างชาติ ล่าสุดในปีงบประมาณ 2559-2560 นักท่องเที่ยวชาวไทยและชาวต่างชาติมีความเสี่ยงสัมพัทธ์ต่อการได้รับบาดเจ็บจากลิงมากกว่าคนท้องถิ่น 20 เท่าและ 40 เท่าตามลำดับ นอกจากนี้เวลาที่บาดเจ็บ สถานที่เกิดการบาดเจ็บ เหตุโน้มนำที่ทำให้บาดเจ็บ และตำแหน่งของบาดแผลในผู้ที่ได้รับบาดเจ็บบ่งชี้ว่า การให้อาหารลิงเป็นปัจจัยเสี่ยงสำคัญต่อการได้รับบาดเจ็บจากลิง สรุป: นักท่องเที่ยวชาวต่างชาติมีอุบัติการณ์ของการได้รับบาดเจ็บจากลิงสูงที่สุด รองลงมาคือนักท่องเที่ยวชาวไทย มาตรการป้องกันจึงควรเน้นในกลุ่มนักท่องเที่ยว ได้แก่ การอบรมวิธีปฏิบัติตัวที่ปลอดภัยเมื่อเผชิญกับลิง การรณรงค์เกี่ยวกับวัคซีนและยาป้องกันการติดเชื้อทั้งก่อนและหลังการได้รับบาดเจ็บ และการเตรียมพร้อมเจ้าหน้าที่รักษาความปลอดภัย ป้ายเตือน และจุดปฐมพยาบาลในบริเวณจุดให้อาหารลิง

The invasion of wild horse nomads from the Eurasian steppes is a constant in the history of Central Europe. A few years ago, a chapter was added based on aDNA analyses. According to this, after 3000 BC, riding nomads from the North Pontic region wiped out the population in Central Europe within a short period and formed the Corded Ware. This undifferentiated scenario subsequently did not remain unchallenged and has since been relativised. aDNA analyses are gaining attention, but to understand the processes, the archaeological foundations must also be included. This article therefore compares the various aspects of material culture, economy, and settlement patterns between the Late and Final Neolithic (Horgen and Corded Ware) for the greater Zurich area.
Surprisingly, there is no break in most topic areas, but rather a continuous development beginning in Late Horgen.
Although there is evidence of the “steppe gene” in graves in the greater Zurich area proving migration during the late Corded Ware period, this migration was of a more complex nature and probably of longer duration than is sometimes assumed. This finding is also in line with recent
studies in other regions. A striking difference between the Horgen and Corded Ware can be observed above all in pottery. However, the transitional period of one to two generations is difficult to grasp in the greater Zurich area, as only very small inventories are known. Due to the scarcity of archaeological sources for the period in question, the
systematic publication of find complexes from reduction horizons is encouraged. Chemical analyses of small Horgen vessels and Corded Ware beakers (“Beaker Phenomenon”) as well as aDNA analyses of human and cattle bones from the cultural layers are also recommended.

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษากลวิธีการแปลชื่ออาหารไทยเป็นภาษาญี่ปุ่น โดยวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลจาก เมนูอาหารของร้านอาหารไทยในประเทศญี่ปุ่นเฉพาะภูมิภาคคันโตทั้งหมด 20 ร้าน 203 ชื่ออาหาร 464 ตัวอย่าง ผลการวิเคราะห์พบการใช้กลวิธีการแปลทั้งหมด 8 กลวิธี เรียงลาดับจากมากไปน้อยได้ดังนี้ 1. กลวิธีการแปลแบบทับศัพท์และเพิ่มคำอธิบาย 2. กลวิธีการแปลแบบอธิบายความเพิ่มเติม 3. กลวิธีการแปลโดยใช้ชื่ออาหารที่คนญี่ปุ่นคุ้นเคยและเพิ่มคำอธิบาย 4. กลวิธีการแปลตามความหมายของคำ 5. กลวิธีการแปลโดยใช้การตีความ 6. กลวิธีการแปลโดยใช้คำจำแนกประเภทอย่างกว้าง ๆ 7. กลวิธีการแปลแบบทับศัพท์ และ 8. กลวิธีการแปลแบบละ “ไม่แปล”

The phenomenon of marital dissolution in later life, also referred to as "gray divorce", is described on the rise in contemporary Western societies. This article contributes to the study of marriage breakdown in older age, with a specific focus on Italian society. First, the temporal trends of this phenomenon are reconstructed using official statistics. The data reveal that, although still relatively rare, the dissolution of marriage in later life is expanding in Italy. The analysis of the period from 1974 to 2015 indicates a rise in the average age at separation, a higher percentage of spouses over 50 years on the total number of couples obtaining legal separation, and an increase in the proportion of Italian spouses separating after many years of marriage. Furthermore, data from the national survey "Family and Social Subjects", conducted in 2016 by the Italian National Institute of Statistics, are utilized to explore the relationship between specific traits of those who separated and their tendency to dissolve marriages before or after the age of 50. The data suggest that individuals with characteristics such as lower educational attainment, residence in the South and Islands, and adherence to more traditional family models are more likely to experience separation in later life.

These notes on the Pawara Tribes are the part of ethnographical research study, sponsored by Tribal Research and Training Institute Pune under Ministry of Tribal Affairs for documenting the healing practices of the tribes. It is a monograph on Pawara tribes, residing in the Satpuda ranges of Khandesh region with special reference to Jalgaon district in Maharashtra state. The social and cultural characteristics of Pawara tribe are documented in this paper e.g. hierarchy of subgroups in the same tribe and ecological coexistence of tribes in the forms of festivals and celebrations etc are explored in the study.

This article analyzes a form of spirituality known as New Age in Argentina and argues that the heterogeneous space of current spiritualties is the cause and effect of a sociocultural transformation that goes beyond the religious field in form and content, challenging both the supposed dominant position of Catholicism and secularism that characterizes Argentinean culture. To this end, and taking into account a historical dimension, our analysis indicates how these spiritualities condense a constellation of languages and experiences of energy, positive philosophy, ecology, vegetarianism, and personal growth, focusing on personal autonomy and immanence. Secondly, the work emphasizes how the phenomenon of massification of this type of practices forces us to rethink both the changes that have occurred in the Breligious field^and the epistemological foundations that inspire this kind of analysis, and even the concept of religion itself as associated with explicit belief systems and the church as privileged traits.

This researching aims at studying in the names of the school in Bangkok. By analyzing the list of the name of public schools under the Office of the Basic Education Commission, Department of Education Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, and

Introduction: The treatment for nicotine dependence in clinical practice is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nortriptyline (the study group) and nicotine gum (the control group) in nicotine dependent smokers. Methods: The experimental study with a control group was designed. Both groups received counseling and monitoring by pharmacists. The allocation was controlled by a career and an underlying disease. The study was performed during February-December, 2013. All smokers in this study were male. There were 103 smokers in the treatment group and 102 smokers in the control group. Endpoint were the rate of smoking cessation, number of cigarettes smoked per day, levels of carbon monoxide (CO), adherence and adverse drug reactions (ADRS) which were collected every month for four months. All the endpoints were analyzed using multiple logistic regression when compared between groups, except the number of cigarettes smoked per day which multiple linear regression was used. All comparisons controlled by age, education, career and income per month. The level of statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. Results: The cessation rates with nortriptyline were 16.8%, 39.4%, 73.7% and 75.0% and with nicotine gum were 18.1%, 34.0%, 67.4% and 70.5% at month 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively (p=0.995 at month 4). The decremental proportion of cigarettes smoked per day at month 4 compared with the number on the quitting date were 13.1+5.7 cigarettes/day with nortriptyline and 12.8+6.5 cigarettes/day with nicotine gum, there was no difference between two groups (p=0.730). The incremental proportion of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO)<10 ppm were 17.4% with nortriptyline and 24.4% with nicotine gum (p=0.758). Adverse drug reactions with nortriptyline and nicotine gum were found 70.3% and 30.5%, respectively (p<0.001). The top three adverse drug reactions with nortriptyline were drowsiness (56.4%), dry mouth (34.7%) and bitter taste (8.9%). With nicotine gum were flatulence (15.8%), stomach pain (8.4%) and tight jaw (6.3%). Adherence rate was not different between groups (59.2% with nortriptyline and 68.6% with nicotine gum, p=0.314). Conclusion: There was no difference between the effectiveness of nortriptyline and nicotine gum, adverse drug reactions were higher with nortriptyline than nicotine gum, but there were no serious adverse events within 3 months of the treatment.

Representations of Bangkok since the 1960s are presented under two binary oppositions between the city of hell and paradise and between subjecting space and subjected space, which have currently been reproduced from different subject positions and subjectivities of insiders and outsiders of Thai society. However, during 2015 – 2017, there are four international films about Thailand directed by East Asian directors portraying hybridization of these representations of Bangkok which combines both insiders’ and outsiders’ subjectivities and experiences in their films. This paper explores these hybrid representations of Bangkok to explain directors’ appropriation of cinematic space to create a different representational space of Bangkok that accommodates the radical narratives of national, transnational, sexual, and class identities as appeared in Thai contemporary society.

ภาพตัวแทนกรุงเทพมหานครตั้งแต่คริสต์ทศวรรษที่ 1960 เป็นต้นมาถูกนาเสนอในมิติที่เป็นขั้วคู่ตรงข้ามต่อกันระหว่างเมืองนรก-สวรรค์และพื้นที่ที่มีสภาพบังคับและพื้นที่ใต้บังคับที่ถูกผลิตซ้าเรื่อยมาจนถึงปัจจุบันจากตาแหน่งการมองและสภาวะอัตวิสัยของคนในสังคมและคนนอกสังคมที่ไม่เหมือนกัน อย่างไรก็ตาม ในช่วงปี ค.ศ. 2015 – 2017 ได้มีปรากฏการณ์การสร้างภาพยนตร์นานาชาติเกี่ยวกับประเทศไทยโดยผู้กากับชาวเอเชียตะวันออกจานวน 4 เรื่องที่สะท้อนมิติของการสร้างภาพตัวแทนต่อกรุงเทพมหานครในรูปแบบผสมผสานพันทางที่ควบรวมสภาวะอัตวิสัยและประสบการณ์ของคนในสังคมและคนนอกสังคมไทยเหล่านี้ให้ปรากฏในภาพยนตร์ของตัวเอง บทความวิจัยชิ้นนี้จึงต้องการวิเคราะห์ภาพตัวแทนกรุงเทพมหานครอันผสมผสานพันทางดังกล่าวเพื่อสะท้อนถึงการเข้ามาฉวยใช้พื้นที่ภาพยนตร์เพื่อเปลี่ยนแปลงพื้นที่แห่งภาพตัวแทนของกรุงเทพมหานครดังกล่าวให้สามารถรองรับเรื่องเล่าเชิงวิพากษ์ว่าด้วยอัตลักษณ์ชาติ อัตลักษณ์ข้ามชาติ อัตลักษณ์ทางเพศ และอัตลักษณ์ทางชนชั้นทางเศรษฐกิจที่ปรากฏในสังคมไทยร่วมสมัยได้

The aim of this paper is to identify the various branches of art in Britain and critically examine their formation, considering factors such as the government and political system, the education system, the history of the nation, the customs and habits of the people, religion, and more. To achieve a comprehensive analysis, this study adopts an interdisciplinary approach, which seeks to understand the various components that have contributed to the development of art in Britain. The examination will focus on specific examples from architecture, cinema, and music, providing valuable insights into the historical and societal contexts that shaped these art forms.

This paper is to study and analyze the language on commercial shop signs and how they affect trading in North Nana Alley, Bangkok. The sample was purposively selected from signs appearing on 65 shops and services in the North Nana neighborhood of Bangkok. The research tools were observation and informal interview. The results reveal that wholesalers and retailers of consumer goods and beauty and health shops like to use bilingual signs which are in English and Arabic. In addition, as many multilingual signs are used by restaurant owners, and beauty and health shops as bilingual signs. In summary, traders in the North Nana community use two and more languages to effectively communicate with potential customers through signs in multiple languages. The traders mainly focus on Middle Eastern customers and English speakers. This study can help raise awareness in Thai people of the importance of language to encourage trade and tourism, especially in this era of globalization.

การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ (1) ศึกษาพฤติกรรมการบริโภคและปัจจัยส่วนประสมทางการตลาดอาหารแช่แข็งของกลุ่มวัยทำงานใน กรุงเทพมหานคร (2) เปรียบเทียบปัจจัยส่วนบุคคลกับพฤติกรรมการบริโภคอาหารแช่แข็งของกลุ่มวัยทำงานในกรุงเทพมหานคร และ (3) ศึกษาปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อพฤติกรรมการบริโภคอาหารแช่แข็งของกลุ่มวัยทำงานในกรุงเทพมหานคร ซึ่งเป็นการวิจัยเชิงปริมาณ โดยใช้แบบสอบถามในการเก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลจากกลุ่มตัวอย่างที่เป็นวัยทำงาน จำนวน 397 คน ได้มาด้วยวิธีการสุ่มกลุ่มตัวอย่างแบบหลายขั้นตอน สถิติที่ใช้ในการวิจัย ได้แก่ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน การทดสอบค่า การวิเคราะห์ค่าแปรปรวนทางเดียว และการวิเคราะห์ถดถอยพหุคูณ (Multiple Regression)  ผลการวิจัยพบว่า (1) พฤติกรรมการบริโภคอาหารแช่แข็งของกลุ่มวัยทำงานในกรุงเทพมหานคร อยู่ในระดับมาก (x ̅=3.54) (2) ปัจจัยส่วนประสมทางการตลาดของอาหารแช่แข็งของกลุ่มวัยทำงานเขตปทุมวัน กรุงเทพมหานคร อยู่ในระดับมาก (x ̅=3.73) ด้านผลิตภัณฑ์ อยู่ในระดับมาก (x ̅=3.72) ด้านราคา อยู่ในระดับมาก(x ̅=3.69) ด้านสถานที่ อยู่ในระดับมาก (x ̅=3.84) ด้านส่งเสริมการตลาด อยู่ในระดับมาก (x ̅=3.74) การทดสอบสมติฐานพบว่า (3) ปัจจัยส่วนบุคคลจำแนกตามเพศ อายุ อาชีพและรายได้ต่อเดือน ต่างกันมีพฤติกรรมการบริโภคอาหารแช่แข็งของกลุ่มวัยทำงานในกรุงเทพมหานคร แตกต่างกัน อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ .05 (4) ปัจจัยส่วนประสมทางการตลาด ด้านผลิตภัณฑ์ ด้านราคา และด้านส่งเสริมการตลาด มีผลทางบวกต่อพฤติกรรมการบริโภคอาหารแช่แข็งของกลุ่มวัยทำงานในกรุงเทพมหานคร อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ .05
The objectives of this research were (1) to investigate frozen food consumption behavior and study the marketing mix factors of frozen food among working age population in Pathumwan District, Bangkok, (3) Comparison of personal factors with frozen food consumption behavior of working groups in Pathumwan District, Bangkok, and (4) to study the factors affecting frozen food consumption behavior among working age population in Pathumwan District, Bangkok. This was a quantitative research. A questionnaire was used as a research instrument to collect data from a sample of 397 working age people obtained by using a Multi-stage Sampling. The statistics used in the research were mean (𝑥̅), standard deviation (S.D.), t-test, one-way ANOVA and Multiple Regression. The results showed that (1) frozen food consumption behavior among working age groups in Pathumwan District, Bangkok was at a high level (𝑥̅=3.54); (2) The marketing mix factor of frozen food among working age group in Pathumwan District, Bangkok was at high level (𝑥̅=3.73), product was a was at high level (𝑥̅=3.72), price was at high level (𝑥̅=3.69), place was at high level (𝑥̅=3.84), promotion was at high level (𝑥̅=3.74). The hypothesis testing found that (1) different personal factors classified by sex, age, occupation and monthly income resulted in the difference in frozen food consumption behavior among working age groups in Pathumwan, Bangkok with statistical significance at .05 level; (2) The marketing mix factors in terms of product, price and promotion had a statistically significant positive effect on frozen food consumption behavior among working age groups in Pathumwan, Bangkok at statistical significance of .05 level.

There are four key stages to the project. The first is to chart and review the major trends of comparative family research in the EU in 8 'Existential Fields' (EF). The second is to critically review existing research on the family, and the third is to build on our understanding of existing issues affecting families and predict future conditions and challenges facing them. The final stage is to bring the results and findings of the previous three stages together, and propose key scientific research questions about families to be tackled with future EU research funding. This Working Report has been produced for the first stage of the project, and is part of a series of reports, as follows: EF1. Family Structures & Family Forms EF2. a) Family Developmental Processes b) Transition into Parenthood EF3. Major Trends of State Family Policies in Europe EF4. a) Family and Living Environment b) Local Politics-Programmes and Best Practice Models EF5. Patterns and Trends of Family Management in the European Union EF6. a) Social Care and Social Services b) Development of Standards for Social Work and Social Care Services EF7. Social Inequality and Diversity of Families EF8. Media, Communication and Information Technologies in the European Family CSO Civil Society Perspective: Three Case Studies Contents Introduction p. The Life-Course Approach p. The Major Trends in Developmental Familial p. Processes and their Effects on the Life-Course 1 st Trend. The Prolonged Presence of Young p. People within the Family of Origin The Role of the Negotiation-and Affection-Based Family p. Research Gaps p. 2 nd Trend. Young People and Parenthood p. The New Representations of Parenthood p. among Young People Germany p. United Kingdom p. The Netherlands p. Italy p. Bulgaria p. Slovenia p. Research Gaps p. 3 rd Trend. Conjugal Instability p. A crisis of marriage? p. Marriage,"new" families and conjugal instability p. Breaking conjugal ties p. The preconditions for divorce p. The consequences of divorce p. Research Gaps p. 4 th Trend. The New Role of Grandparents p. Research Gaps p. References p. Web Sites p. 4 In particular, in preparing this report, we have made use of the following European research reports:

There are four key stages to the project. The first is to chart and review the major trends of comparative family research in the EU in 8 'Existential Fields' (EF). The second is to critically review existing research on the family, and the third is to build on our understanding of existing issues affecting families and predict future conditions and challenges facing them. The final stage is to bring the results and findings of the previous three stages together, and propose key scientific research questions about families to be tackled with future EU research funding. This Working Report has been produced for the first stage of the project, and is part of a series of reports, as follows: EF1. Family Structures & Family Forms EF2. a) Family Developmental Processes b) Transition into Parenthood EF3. Major Trends of State Family Policies in Europe EF4. a) Family and Living Environment b) Local Politics-Programmes and Best Practice Models EF5. Patterns and Trends of Family Management in the European Union EF6. a) Social Care and Social Services b) Development of Standards for Social Work and Social Care Services EF7. Social Inequality and Diversity of Families EF8. Media, Communication and Information Technologies in the European Family CSO Civil Society Perspective: Three Case Studies Contents Introduction p. The Life-Course Approach p. The Major Trends in Developmental Familial p. Processes and their Effects on the Life-Course 1 st Trend. The Prolonged Presence of Young p. People within the Family of Origin The Role of the Negotiation-and Affection-Based Family p. Research Gaps p. 2 nd Trend. Young People and Parenthood p. The New Representations of Parenthood p. among Young People Germany p. United Kingdom p. The Netherlands p. Italy p. Bulgaria p. Slovenia p. Research Gaps p. 3 rd Trend. Conjugal Instability p. A crisis of marriage? p. Marriage,"new" families and conjugal instability p. Breaking conjugal ties p. The preconditions for divorce p. The consequences of divorce p. Research Gaps p. 4 th Trend. The New Role of Grandparents p. Research Gaps p. References p. Web Sites p. 4 In particular, in preparing this report, we have made use of the following European research reports:

Tribal lifestyle is deeply associated with their culture, art and craft. A larger mass of tribal people live in rural areas. In central India, the area of Vindhya, Satpuda and Aravali Mountain ranges, starching from east to west in the states of West Bengal, Orissa, Jharkhand, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Rajasthan form a big tribal belt. Gond, Bhil and Santhal are the three biggest tribal communities residing in this central tribal region of India. These three dominating groups are comparatively developed then other tribal groups of the area, though their overall economy is still based on agriculture and labor work resulting in economic backwardness. But, new generation is gradually, getting educated and exposed to salaried jobs and modern technology. Due to better communication, exposure, marketization and modernization their culture is changing with time and need. Though, they have strong bond with their indigenous culture, religion and art, which has kept their tradition and lifestyle intact with relevant changes. But, changing lifestyle and economy has affected their art and craft. Themes, raw material and technology are changing their forms, symbols and patterns. Paintings have shifted from walls to canvas and taken professional shape. Festive and regular enjoyment with dance and music had developed as stage performance. But, they have not at all lost touch with their roots and cultural awareness is again revitalizing their bond with traditional dance, music and other art and craft forms. Celebrations are still celebrated with tribal songs and dances within the village's open courtyard. There are also several cultural and culinary habits, languages, social structures inclusive of marriage, and varieties of consciousness.

Baigas are followers of one of the very ancient cultural tradition and clam themselves as first human on earth. A significant part of their culture is lost or changed due to impact of migration, acculturation, development and change with time and space. The people who are living near the urban centers and have frequent interactions with the other communities, or their children attending to schools and they have made links with the outsiders, look a bit different from their Baiga brethren living on the hill tops and in remote forest tracts. This paper deals with the culture, life style and cultural change among the Baigs of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh in my area of study.

Each community has its own culture and culture represent the identity of a specific community. Culture is a way of living of the people of any community. The culture of Pakistani is pure Islamic culture and Islam is official religion of Pakistan. The present study is conducted to explore the influence of Indian culture on Pakistani society in Layyah because Indian entertainment channels are most popular in Pakistani society. Main aim of this study was to explore the impact of Indian TV dramas and movies on the Pakistani cultural norms and values. Using multistage sampling technique 120 viewers were selected from Layyah city. Findings of this study show that Indian dramas and movies are directly influencing the Pakistani culture. In this way cable TV network is main source to promote the Indian culture in Pakistan.

The purpose of this study was to compare the growth traits of White Leghorn (WLH) and Rhode Island Red (RIR) chicken breeds under topical condition in Phitsanulok province. Body weight at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age, average daily gain and age of first egg were recorded. The results found that breeds X sex interaction effects significantly influenced in body weight at 4 weeks of age (P&lt;0.05), 12 week at of age (P&lt;0.05), 16 weeks of age (P&lt;0.01) and average daily gain at 4-16 weeks of age (P&lt;0.01). Male chicken and RIR of had a greater body weight and average daily gain. However, age at sexual maturity (first egg) of WLH was faster than RIR (P&lt;0.01).

Prolonged standing is leading to pain, fatigue and discomfort in legs. Compression stocking, foot rest, sit-stand chair or exercise used to reduce these problems. the objective of this study was to compare the effects of using compression stocking and leg exercises. Method: 66 volunteers were randomed and divided into 3 groups (control, exercises, and compression stocking groups). Leg volume, circumferences of lower leg and ankle, and body discomfort were collected on day 0, 30, and 60. Repeated measure ANOVA and multivariate analysis of variance were used to analyze data. Result: This study showed that leg volume in 3 groups were decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) on day 30. These may be due to the effect of shift work periods. There were no differences on body discomfort among 3 groups. However, body discomfort in exercise group showed tendency to decrease more than other groups. Discussion and Using compression stocking may be not essential to reduce lower extremity swelling, discomfort and Conclusion: fatigue in healthy people or people who have no venous disease. Therefore, this study suggested that the exercise may be a better choice for improving blood circulation and saving the costs.

This article aims to analyze why Thailand is suitable for avid tourism and how to actively encourage avitourism in Thailand. The scope of the presentation is defined as follows: (1) The meaning of avitourism which refers to traveling from a normal environment with the main aim of studying and enjoying the nature by searching, observing, classifying, and listening to the sounds of birds in natural habitats while disturbing the environment and natural scenery as little as possible. (2) Grouping the avitourism which is divided into 3 groups (3) Avitourism and tourism sustainability which this type of tourism can contribute the sustainability as well. (4) The characteristics of the area where avid tourists choose to watch the birds which have 4 characteristics. (5) So is "Thailand" worth an avitourism trip? Thailand is characterized by bird-watching areas that avid tourists prefer to visit, along with the potential for tourism accommodations. Therefore, Thailand is very suitable for avitourism. However, the development of avitourism in Thailand is not very clear, it should be promoted in many ways, such as conducting the studies to find all-around information related to avitourism for planning to promote this type of special interest tourism, etc.

Malignant cells require a large amount of iron for cell growth. Transferrin transfers iron from blood to cells by reacting with transferrin receptor (TfR). In humans, transferrin and transferrin receptor correlate with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); however, the association with canine oral tumor has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate saliva and serum transferrin and tissue transferrin receptor in canine OSCC and oral melanoma (OM). Saliva and serum transferrin samples were collected pre- and 14 days post-operation, compared with healthy control and evaluated by a sandwich ELISA assay. Serum transferrin concentration in the experimental group both before and after surgery was significantly lower than that in the normal group (p &lt; 0.05). However, no significant difference in serum transferrin levels before and after surgery was observed. Saliva transferrin expression of the dogs with oronasal cancer before surgical treatment tended to be higher than that of th...

This article analyzes a form of spirituality known as New Age in Argentina and argues that the heterogeneous space of current spiritualties is the cause and effect of a sociocultural transformation that goes beyond the religious field in form and content, challenging both the supposed dominant position of Catholicism and secularism that characterizes Argentinean culture. To this end, and taking into account a historical dimension, our analysis indicates how these spiritualities condense a constellation of languages and experiences of energy, positive philosophy, ecology, vegetarianism, and personal growth, focusing on personal autonomy and immanence. Secondly, the work emphasizes how the phenomenon of massification of this type of practices forces us to rethink both the changes that have occurred in the Breligious field^and the epistemological foundations that inspire this kind of analysis, and even the concept of religion itself as associated with explicit belief systems and the church as privileged traits.

Objective—To determine and compare characteristics of frozen-thawed Thamin Eld’s deer sperm head morphometry using two different extenders. Materials and Methods—Semen was collected from sixteen Thamin Eld’s deer using electroejaculation. Semen was immediately evaluated for the percentage of progressively motility, volume, pH and sperm concentration. Seven samples were selected based on semen quality and used for cryopreservation with 2 extenders; TRIS and BF5F that contained 5% of glycerol. Semen of each animal was divided to 2 groups. Each part of divided semen was immediately diluted and cryopreserved with different extender. Frozenthawed spermatozoa were prepared by twice adding ‘washing’ medium (1% BSA in HAM’s F-10) followed by centrifugation for 5 minutes and 3 minutes at 200xg, respectively. The sperm concentration was adjusted to 100x10 sperm/ml by adding washing medium then smeared on cleaned glass slide, fixed with 95% ethanol and stained with Eosin and Polychrome methyle...

The aims of this research were toanalyze the chemical componentsand to determine the biological activities of Nelumbo nucifera flower extract onantioxidant activity, hypoglycemic activity, blood chemistry and serum insulin levels in GK/ Jcl rats.The N. nuciferaflower extractwas prepared bymacerating N. nucifera flower powder in 95% ethanol. The chemincalcomponents of the extract were analysed using GC-MS.The antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH assay. To determine the hypoglycemic activity of the extract, the rats were equally divided into 5 groups with 6 rats in each; groups 1: controlrats received distilled water, group 2: rats received 0.25 mg/kgGlibenclamide, groups 3, 4 and 5:rats received 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg N. nucifera flower extract, respectively, Blood glucose levels were recordedon day 1, 4, and 8. Onday 8,the blood was collected bycardiac puncture andserum was separated foranalysis of blood chemistry andserum insulin levels.The results revealed that 87 chemical c...

Many countries encountered various pharmaceutical problems which challenged them to find long-term solutions to achieve the goal of access to medicines. To address these issues, the World Health Organization suggested that countries generate and implement a National Drug Policy (NDP), and launched guidelines to assist the process of policy development. In most countries, the NDP has similar key objectives of access, quality, and rational use of medicines; but some local specific objectives might differ. This review explores the historical development of NDPs in Thailand using information from both public and not-public sources, analyzes outcomes and challenges, and provide recommendations for further development. The findings show that national drug policies in Thailand were initially developed in 1981 and evolved over time until getting the current NDP in 2017. The NDP development took existing pharmaceutical problems and national strategies of the Royal Government into account in ...

The Bhil, Bhilala, Barela and Patelia form the second largest tribal group in India after the Gonds, which is consisted of 45 sub-groups, according to the 2011 Census (Census of India 2011). The Bhil tribe has itself various sub-groups besides these three other tribal groups which have been clubbed with the Bhil tribe in Madhya Pradesh. The Bhil and the related tribes have their major concentration in the adjoining states of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra which form the Malwa region. Malwa covers the whole of Bhil country, excepting some adjoining portions of Gujarat, which has a considerably large population of Bhil and related tribes. The population
of the Bhil, Bhilala, Barela and Patelia in Madhya Pradesh is 59,93,921. The districts which were having more than one lakh Bhil population are Dhar (1200502), Barwani (952940), Jhabua (889582), West Nimar (713640), Alirajpur (647653), Ratlam (410992), East Nimar (230857), Indore (195663), Burhanpur (142179), Dewas (136289), and Guna (116239). The focus of the study is on the Bhilala tribe who inhabit largely in the districts of Dhar and Barwani. Although, they have been clubbed with the Bhil tribe, they have their own identity and there is a process of Rajputization among them. The Bhilala assume superiority than other groups in the local milieu of the tribes living there and claim to be the Rajputs. Hence, understanding of this tribal group can be made in the local perspective and their historical background in the present day situation. It is one of the progressive tribes of India.

Baigas are followers of one of the very ancient cultural tradition and clam themselves as first human on earth. A significant part of their culture is lost or changed due to impact of migration, acculturation, development and change with time and space. The people who are living near the urban centers and have frequent interactions with the other communities, or their children attending to schools and they have made links with the outsiders, look a bit different from their Baiga brethren living on the hill tops and in remote forest tracts. This paper deals with the culture, life style and cultural change among the Baigs of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh in my area of study.

The relative high status and consequent liberties of women in the Meitei community of Manipur compared to women of similar social and economic classes in India, has, over some years, become remarked upon by several scholars, academics, researchers and even reflected in Government statistics. In the endeavour to project on the one hand a positive image of Government policies and actions and on the other hand, the determination of a small and threatened indigenous community to identify themselves as progressive, some burgeoning threats have been ignored and minimized, though many feminist and women scholars and non-academic researchers (such as NGOs and activists) have commented on the loss of status, the increased vulnerability and abuse, including physical, economic and social abuse, exploitation and violence being suffered by women in this community, whether born or married into it. Similar dynamics have been remarked among several indigenous and tribal communities, most noteworthy being the more explicitly matrilineal indigenous or otherwise gender egalitarian groups, most especially in the North East region of India, such as the Khasi. There are numerous additional factors, that syncretize, many of them historical, some cultural and political, all systemic, but possibly one of the greatest being transitional economics, as it plays out in this fairly specific locale, and its interaction with radical social, political and cultural invasion, that translates the polygamous marriage accepted among the Meitei into a contemporary form of slavery for wives. This investigation will not concern itself with personal or psychological issues, though some elements of social psychology or psycho-social context might be evoked, where they become pertinent. It will largely focus on the structural causes and enablers of such practice, that is, restricting itself to the legal, economic, political and cultural dynamics at play in society.

For transgender people, beauty salons are a social space that has special meaning for it is there that they can express their identities more freely than in the outside world. Beauty salons thus provide transgenders with a social space where they can reproduce their sub-culture. This qualitative research found that transgender people are involved with beauty salons as owners, service providers and consumers. In addition, transgenders use beauty salons as a place for meetings, parties, gatherings, and building social networks for various purposes, including finding partners and jobs, selling and buying drugs, finding and giving sex services, and getting into beauty contests and the entertainment business. Beauty salons thus provide various channels for social mobility of transgenders, depending on each individual's beauty, social and economic status, and strength of social networks. Beauty salons are also a space where transgenders as active agencies construct and express their collective, and sometimes conflicting, identities.

Fecha de recepción: 17 de febrero de 2011 Fecha de aceptación: 1 de marzo de 2011 Palabras Clave Cambio social y cultural, Andalucía siglo XX, familia, matrimonio, jóvenes, rural-urbano. Keywords Social and cultural change, Andalusia in the 20 th century, family, marriage, youth, rural-urban relations

The purposes of this research were 1) to study marketing mix factors
of organic fruit and vegetable of customers in Bangkok, 2) to study purchasing decision of customers to buy organic fruit and vegetable of customers in  Bangkok, and 3) to study marketing mix factors influence the purchasing decision of customers to buy organic fruit and vegetable of customers in Bangkok. The research was through conducting survey samples to 269 peoples by online questionnaire. Data analysis employed frequency, percentage, average and standard deviation, and enter multiple regression. The research found that: the marketing mix factors of organic fruit and vegetable of customers in Bangkok was modulate level (x = 3.30). Selection of organic fruit and vegetable of customers in Bangkok was modulate level (x = 3.34). Marketing mix factors influence the purchasing decision of customers to buy organic fruit and vegetable of customers in Bangkok including place and Promotion with multiple correlation coefficient of 0.556. This set of predictors is able to forecast the quality of life of the elderly by 6.01 percent of accuracy with the standard error of prediction of 0.598 and the constant of 1.741. The regression equation of Marketing Mix Factors Influencing the Purchasing Decision of Customers to Buy Organic Fruit and Vegetable Juice in Bangkok explained in row and standard scores were as follows:
Row score:
Y = 1.741 + 0.140(X3)* + 0.177(X4)*
Standard score:
Z = 0.201(X3)* + 0.264(X4)*

การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ (1) ศึกษาปัจจัยด้านส่วนประสมทาง
การตลาดของน้ำผักและผลไม้อินทรีย์แบบสกัดเย็นของผู้บริโภคในกรุงเทพมหานคร
(2) ศึกษาพฤติกรรมการเลือกซื้อนำ้ผักและผลไม้อินทรีย์แบบสกัดเย็นของผู้บริโภค
ในกรุงเทพมหานคร และ (3) ศึกษาปัจจัยส่วนประสมทางการตลาดที่มีอิทธิพลต่อ
การเลือกซื้อน้ำผักและผลไม้อินทรีย์แบบสกัดเย็นของผู้บริโภคในกรุงเทพมหานคร
เป็นการวิจัยเชิงสำรวจโดยใช้แบบสอบถามออนไลน์เป็นเครื่องมือในการวิจัย
กลุ่มตัวอย่างที่ใช้ในการวิจัยคือประชากรที่อาศัยในกรุงเทพมหานคร จำนวน 269
คน และสถิติที่ใช้ในการวิจัย ได้แก่ ร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน และการ
วิเคราะห์ถดถอยพหุคูณ ผลการวิจัยพบว่า (1) ปัจจัยส่วนประสมทางการตลาดของ
น้ำผักและผลไม้อินทรีย์แบบสกัดเย็นของผู้บริโภคในกรุงเทพมหานคร อยู่ในระดับ
ปานกลาง มีค่าเฉลี่ย 3.30 (2) การเลือกซื้อน้ำผักและผลไม้อินทรีย์แบบสกัดเย็นของผู้บริโภคในกรุงเทพมหานคร อยู่ในระดับปานกลาง มีค่าเฉลี่ย 3.34 และ (3) ส่วนประสมทางการตลาดที่มีผลต่อการตัดสินใจซื้อน้ำผักและผลไม้ออร์แกนิคของ
ผู้บริโภคในกรุงเทพมหานคร ได้แก่ ด้านสถานที่และด้านการส่งเสริมการตลาด โดย
มีอำนาจการพยากรณ์ร้อยละ 6.01 ค่าสัมประสิทธิ์สหสัมพันธ์พหุคูณ เท่ากับ 0.556
ค่าความคลาดเคลื่อนมาตรฐานในการพยากรณ์ เท่ากับ 0.598 ค่าคงที่ของสมการ
พยากรณ์ เท่ากับ 1.741 จึงพยากรณ์ปัจจัยส่วนประสมทางการตลาดที่มีผลต่อการตัดสินใจซื้อน้ำผักและผลไม้ออร์แกนิคของผู้บริโภคในกรุงเทพมหานคร อธิบาย
เป็นสมการในรูปคะแนนดิบ และคะแนนมาตรฐานเขียนได้ดังนี้
สมการพยากรณ์คะแนนดิบ
Y = 1.741 + 0.140(X3)* + 0.177(X4)*
สมการพยากรณ์คะแนนมาตรฐาน
Z = 0.201(X3)* + 0.264(X4)*