Social Networks

Learning by doing represents an important mechanism through which organizations prosper. Some firms, however, learn from their experience at a dramatic rate, while other firms exhibit very little learning at all. Three factors have been identified that affect the rate at which firms learn: (a) the proficiency of individual workers, (b) the ability of firm members to leverage knowledge accumulated by others, and (c) the capacity for coordinated activity inside the organization. Each factor varies with a particular kind of experience. An increase in cumulative individual experience increases individual proficiency. An increase in cumulative organizational experience provides individuals with the opportunity to benefit from knowledge accumulated by others. An increase in cumulative experience working together promotes more effective coordination and teamwork. To gain insight into factors responsible for the learning curve, we examine the contribution of each kind of experience to perfo...

X Jornadas de sociología de la UBA. 20 años de pensar y repensar la sociología. Nuevos desafíos académicos, científicos y políticos para el siglo XXI 1 a 6 de Julio de 2013 Mesa n° 13: El desafío de producir ciudades inclusivas y el derecho a la ciudad Nicolás Dino Ferme (CONICET/AEU/IIGG), Leandro Vera Belli (AEU/IIGG) y María Cecilia Zapata (CONICET/AEU/IIGG

We draw on unique data on communication flows between migrants and non-migrants in a binational, cross-border social network to test competing theories of the process of social incorporation. While advocates of the assimilation perspective argue that social incorporation is largely a one-way street, a recent literature on immigrant transnationalism challenges this view by arguing that changes in communication technologies and reductions in travel costs have made it possible for migrants to retain meaningful connections to their origin communities. In the context of this debate, we argue that communication flows-as measured by a combination of the number of social ties and the frequency of communication with them-provide an empirical test of the potential durability of cross-border networks. In our analysis, we find mixed support for both transnationalism and assimilation: while the classic assimilation perspective is correct that the strength of migrants' ties to origin attenuates as time in the destination increases, we also find evidence of a striking persistence in cross-border communication that is reinvigorated by migrant return visits, consistent with an attenuated view of transnationalism.

We explore challenges to female leadership in South Korea by drawing on insights from focus group interviews conducted with experienced Korean female leaders working in multinational and local organizations. The study identifies critical barriers at political, societal, organizational, and personal levels. To advance female leadership in Korea we recommend initiatives such as structured mentorship and networking opportunities within the traditionallymale dominated Korean networks for women or consistent evaluation and enforcements of gender inclusion initiatives, on state as well as organizational levels. These measures aim to foster an inclusive organizational culture and enhance opportunities for female leaders in Korea.

En este trabajo se pretende mostrar cómo el estudio de las redes personales permite aproximarse al apoyo social de una forma integral, incorporando las aportaciones realizadas hasta ahora en este campo en una visión holista de la persona. Gracias a un estudio de caso y a una encuesta a 360 personas en España y Estados Unidos mostramos cómo las redes personales permiten entender mejor el cambio en la estructura, composición y función de las relaciones sociales que se produce ante una situación vital de estrés.

To investigate the role of friendships in science identity formation, we are conducting a longitudinal survey of 441 students in an ethnically diverse Title I Middle School. This research-based approach, framed within a sociological conceptual model, will provide depth in our understanding of how to motivate and engage youth from groups underrepresented in biomedical science, and will contribute to the sociological literature on identity formation. Science educators assume most youth have a natural propensity toward science and inquiry, and will engage with science activities and ideas if they are presented in fun and appealing ways. We call this natural propensity "discovery orientation." We have designed and piloted a measure of "discovery orientation" by asking about science propensities without using the word "science." The label science in our culture is imbued with stereotypes, mostly as "white" and "male". By not using the word science in survey questions and by separately measuring explicit science identity, we are able to investigate whether labeling science makes a difference in youths' identification as a science kind of person. Preliminary findings indicate that although discovery orientation does not vary by race or gender, science identity does. White boys have higher science identity than minority boys, minority girls and white girls. Minority boys and girls also have significantly lower science enjoyment and science competence than white boys. Minority boys and girls, and white girls are less likely to say that others see them as a 'science kind of person'. Using structural equation modeling, we explore multiple pathways to science identity.

To investigate the role of friendships in science identity formation, we are conducting a longitudinal survey of 441 students in an ethnically diverse Title I Middle School. This research-based approach, framed within a sociological conceptual model, will provide depth in our understanding of how to motivate and engage youth from groups underrepresented in biomedical science, and will contribute to the sociological literature on identity formation. Science educators assume most youth have a natural propensity toward science and inquiry, and will engage with science activities and ideas if they are presented in fun and appealing ways. We call this natural propensity "discovery orientation." We have designed and piloted a measure of "discovery orientation" by asking about science propensities without using the word "science." The label science in our culture is imbued with stereotypes, mostly as "white" and "male". By not using the word science in survey questions and by separately measuring explicit science identity, we are able to investigate whether labeling science makes a difference in youths' identification as a science kind of person. Preliminary findings indicate that although discovery orientation does not vary by race or gender, science identity does. White boys have higher science identity than minority boys, minority girls and white girls. Minority boys and girls also have significantly lower science enjoyment and science competence than white boys. Minority boys and girls, and white girls are less likely to say that others see them as a 'science kind of person'. Using structural equation modeling, we explore multiple pathways to science identity.

Autora: Mónica B. Gómez Gallardo*. PRI en Investigación PSINET Las redes sociales se configuran en la actualidad como un medio donde se propicia el intercambio de información entre los usuarios que pertenecen a la red consiguiendo traspasar la comunicación y conversación tradicional, por lo que se convierten en un canal idóneo para la investigación en el ámbito de la salud. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la finalidad y el uso de los grupos en la red social Facebook relacionados con la diabetes. Se utilizó el motor de búsqueda que la red dispone, recuperándose 100 grupos relacionados con la diabetes y 8.815 usuarios asociados a estos grupos. El análisis de los datos permitió clasificar los grupos según la finalidad para los que habían sido creados y se obtuvieron algunos resultados relevantes. La mayoría de los grupos se crearon con la finalidad de compartir la experiencia y para obtener apoyo social, en estos grupos se localizaban a la mayoría de los usuarios, con 4.064 miembros. Estos usuarios también han sido los que más contribuciones han realizado al espacio muro, con 478, un 93,5 % del total.

Sažetak: Analizom podataka o 110 krštenja iz matičnih knjiga grada Dubrovnika za 1770. godinu rekonstruira se korištenje kumstva kao instrumenta kojim se obitelji nastoje što bolje pozicionirati unutar društvene zajednice te povezati s osobama koje imaju znatan "društveni kapital". Usporedbom s izvorima koji se odnose na predtridentski Dubrovnik i podacima iz matičnih knjiga za 1870. s jedne strane, a uzimanjem u obzir rezultata inozemnih rasprava s druge strane, istražuju se specifičnosti društvenih veza stvaranih kumstvom u suton Dubrovačke Republike.

Sažetak: Analizom podataka o 110 krštenja iz matičnih knjiga grada Dubrovnika za 1770. godinu rekonstruira se korištenje kumstva kao instrumenta kojim se obitelji nastoje što bolje pozicionirati unutar društvene zajednice te povezati s osobama koje imaju znatan "društveni kapital". Usporedbom s izvorima koji se odnose na predtridentski Dubrovnik i podacima iz matičnih knjiga za 1870. s jedne strane, a uzimanjem u obzir rezultata inozemnih rasprava s druge strane, istražuju se specifičnosti društvenih veza stvaranih kumstvom u suton Dubrovačke Republike.

Expats have loosen roots and look for peers to reconstruct a sense of community and navigate everyday life together. Here is Augustinus' story, Brabantin baker, as we learn it from his last will drawn up in 1453 Lucca. https://www.artandinequality.com/globetrotter-baker-expat-life-on-paint-and-thread/

There is consensus that supporting fathers' involvement in their children's care is essential and that nurses can play an important role, facilitating this process. There is little evidence about how nurses' education as family nurses enable them to work with fathers. This study aimed to explore undergraduate nursing students' perceptions of their experience with fathers during family nursing clinical practicum. An exploratory descriptive qualitative study allowed twelve nursing students to participate in a one-hour interview, at a university of Central Canada. The critical incident technique was used for data collection and analysis was done with N Vivo7. Four themes reflected students' experiences: Experiencing critical events with fathers; Perceiving fathers and father involvement as important; Building a relationship with fathers and Reflecting upon formal education and clinical practicum. Family nurses need to revisit their attitudes towards fathers and make space for this important member of the family in health care situations.

Small-world architectures may be implicated in a range of phenomena from networks of neurons in the cerebral cortex to social networks and propogation of viruses [1]- . Small-world networks are interpolations of regular and random networks that retain the advantages of both regular and random networks by being highly clustered like regular networks and having small average path length between nodes, like random networks. While most of the recent attention on small-world networks has focussed on the effect of introducing disorder/randomness into a regular network, we show that that the fundamental mechanism behind the small-world phenomenon is not disorder/randomness, but the presence of connections of many different length scales. Consequently, in order to explain the small-world phenomenon, we introduce the concept of multiple scale networks and then state the multiple length scale hypothesis . We show that small-world behavior in randomly rewired networks is a consequence of features common to all multiple scale networks. To support the multiple length scale hypothesis, novel network architectures are introduced that need not be a result of random rewiring of a regular network. In each case it is shown that whenever the network exhibits small-world behavior, it also has connections of diverse length scales. We also show that the distribution of the length scales of the new connections is significantly more important than whether the new connections are long range, medium range or short range.

Online social networks (OSNs) are one of the most popular web-based services for people to communicate and share information with each other. With all their bene ts, OSNs might raise serious problems in what concerns users' privacy. One privacy risk is caused by accessing and sharing co-owned data items, i.e., when a user posts a data item that involves other users, some users' privacy may be disclosed, since users generally have di erent privacy preferences regarding who can access and share their data. Another risk is caused by the privacy settings o ered by OSNs that do not, in general, allow ne-grained enforcement, especially in cases where posted data items concern other users. We discuss and give examples of these issues, in order to illustrate their impacts on current OSNs' privacy protection mechanisms. We propose a collaborative access control framework to deal with such privacy issues. Basically, in our framework, the decision whether a user can access or share a co-owned data item is based on the aggregated opinion of all users involved. Our solution is based on the sensitivity level of users with respect to the concerned data item, the trust among users, the types of controllers (those who are concerned in making the collaborative decision) and the types of accessors (those who are identi ed to access a given data item or not). In order to observe how varying some of the parameters mentioned above in uence the outcome of the permitting/denying decision of the proposed solution, we provide an evaluation of our framework. We also present a proof-of-concept implementation of our approach in the open source OSN Diaspora.

Libro electrónicoNo obstante los empeños emprendidos por muchos de los estudiosos del turismo en Latinoamérica, se destaca que una de las limitaciones más enfáticamente reiteradas sobre el quehacer científico es la escasa conjunción de esfuerzos para potencializar y difundir sus investigaciones sobre las problemáticas sociales, culturales, ambientales, económicas y políticas que presenta el turismo en la región (Osorio, 2016; Pearce, 2013). Esta exigua coordinación y trabajo en red de los académicos latinoamericanos ha inhibido la construcción de una sinergia colaborativa que visibilice y comparta los conocimientos entorno a una región geográfica con retos comunes. Justo con la intención de contribuir a superar esta limitante, se integra la presente obra, cuyo propósito radica en conjuntar distintos casos de estudio sobre la planificación y gestión del turismo en México, Chile, Argentina y Brasil, como una muestra indicativa de los objetos de estudio, los marcos ...

Although the aging literature suggests that there are many paths to later life adjustment, there have been few empirical attempts to identify different patterns of adaptation, or their relation to adaptive outcome. As a way to identify patterns of socioemotional functioning in later life associated with physical hardiness, a cluster analysis was applied to 11 measures of socioemotional functioning in a large sample (N 5 1,085) of older adults (65-86 years). Ten subgroups were extracted, with clusters of individuals being primarily defined by social network variables, religious characteristics, and emotion profiles. Groups were then compared on a measure of physical hardiness. Patterns of adaptation characterized by high levels of negative emotions tended to represent less hardy adaptation, although there were nonetheless some patterns of noteworthy exception. In contrast, however, patterns of adaptation characterized by religiosity were typically associated with greater hardiness. Finally, physical hardiness was not exclusively the province of individuals exhibiting close social networks, with some groups high in connectedness being less likely to report high hardiness.

In this article a multi-agent system is presented which generates melody pitch sequences with a hierarchical structure. The agents have no explicit melodic intelligence and generate the pitches as a result of artificial emotional influence and communication between agents, and the melody's hierarchical structure is a result of the emerging agent social structure. The system is not a mapping from multi-agent interaction onto musical features, but actually utilizes music for the agents to communicate artificial emotions. Each agent in the society learns its own growing tune during the interaction process. Experiments are presented demonstrating that diverse and non-trivial melodies can be generated, as well as a hierarchical musical structure. The generation of novel music is at the heart of many computer-aided composition (CAC) systems. Without some way of generating new material, a CAC will churn out the same material time after time. To avoid this, many systems utilize random numbers. A more recent alternative is the generation of complex structures which are ordered but unpredictable. Popular types of systems that generate structures with such complexity are found in the field of artificial life or A-Life . A-Life investigates systems related to life, their processes, and evolution; it does this most often through computer simulations and models -for example cellular automata. Many A-life systems have two elements in common with have made them attractive to composers for use in CAC: they generate complex data with order and

Homeless youth report more marijuana use than stably housed youth; their marijuana use has been linked to the marijuana-using behaviors of their peers. This study was the first to examine the process of network influences in marijuana use with population-level (sociometric) social network data over time. Network data were collected from a population of homeless youth recruited from a drop-in center in Los Angeles every 6 months for 1 year (n = 237, 263, and 312). For each panel, a sociomatrix was generated based on youth nominating other youth in the sample. Degree centrality, betweenness, eigen vector centrality, and number of marijuana-using linkages represented network influence; logistic regression assessed associations with heavy marijuana use. Approximately 60% of the network membership changed between panels. Individuals with more network connections to other heavy marijuana users and youth with more connections to any other youth reported more heavy marijuana use. These resu...

Preliminary studies with homeless youth have found surprisingly pervasive social media use and suggest that youth's online interactions may be associated with their HIV-related risk and protective behaviors. As homeless youth are transient and difficult to engage in place-based services, social media may represent a novel venue for intervention. A critical 1st step in intervention development is gaining greater understanding of how homeless youth use social media, especially as it relates to who they connect to and around what topics. Given the salience of social networking sites in the lives of these otherwise difficult-to-reach adolescents, and their potential to disseminate prevention interventions, this study assessed associations between online social networking technology use and HIV risk behaviors among homeless youth in Los Angeles, California. Homeless youth ages 13 through 24 (N = 1,046) were recruited through 3 drop-in centers and surveyed about their social media use and selfreported HIV-related risk behaviors. Results suggest that social media use is widely prevalent among this population, and the content of these online interactions is associated with whether youth engage in risk or protective behaviors. Implications for interventions and further research are discussed.

The study of dramatic plays has long relied on qualitative methods to analyze character interactions, making little assumption about the structural patterns of communication involved. Our approach bridges NLP and literary studies, enabling scalable, data-driven analysis of interaction patterns and power structures in drama. We propose a novel method to supplement addressee identification in tragedies using Large Language Models (LLMs). Unlike conventional Social Network Analysis (SNA) approaches, which often diminish dialogue dynamics by relying on co-occurrence or adjacency heuristics, our LLM-based method accurately records directed speech acts, joint addresses, and listener interactions. In a preliminary evaluation of an annotated multilingual dataset of 14 scenes from nine plays in four languages, our top-performing LLM (i.e., Llama3.3-70B) achieved an F1-score of 88.75% (P = 94.81%, R = 84.72%), an exact match of 77.31%, and an 86.97% partial match with human annotations, where partial match indicates any overlap between predicted and annotated receiver lists. Through automatic extraction of speaker-addressee relations, our method provides preliminary evidence for the potential scalability of SNA for literary analyses, as well as insights into power relations, influence, and isolation of characters in tragedies, which we further visualize by rendering social network graphs.

The aim of this study is conducting bibliometric content analysis on academic articles related leader-member exchange theory which published in Turkish literature. Thus, the contribution of Turkish literature to leader-member exchange theory will revealed. Moreover, this research will serve as an important assessment to who done research and will do research about this phenomenon. The scope of research, 20 published & accessible empiric article which in domestic literature until 2014 was reviewed. When phenomenon of leader-member exchange was dependent variable, independent variable and mediating variable, the other dependent and independent variables have been introduced. According to result, in order that organizational, personal and leadership factors develop into useful behaviors and attitudes, leader-member exchange has been shown to be a significant mediating role. Creating a culture of collaboration and group climate, transformational leadership, extroverts and self-sufficien...

Wireless sensor network are emerging in various fields like environmental monitoring, mining, surveillance system, medical monitoring. LEACH protocol is one of the predominantly used clustering routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. In Leach each node has equal chance to become a cluster head which make the energy dissipated of each node be moderately balanced. We have pioneered an improved algorithm named as Novel Leach based on Leach protocol. The proposed algorithm shows the significant improvement in network lifetime .Comparison of proposed algorithm is done with basic leach in terms of network life time, cluster head selection, energy consumption, and data transmission to base station. The simulation results shows that proposed algorithm can reduce network energy consumption and prolong network life commendably. Simulation of our protocol is done with Matlab.

We present a teacher training experience in the acquisition of new competencies to design educational proposals supported by the immersive virtual environments, aims to introduce teachers and stakeholders in higher education, the educational method incorporating the use of tools 3D digital. Their development was considered as a pilot for the implementation of the Diploma in Applied Virtual Worlds for Teaching and was named Pilot Course Introduction to Moodle and Virtual Worlds. The shared experience now shows that the potential of this tool is located in the "learning by doing" and the Pedagogical Mediation. And it highlights the importance and functionality to include such activities in the formation processes of the universities.

This paper sought to find the statistical relationship between Twitter messages and the evolution of the Spanish stocks mentioned in Tweets. We analyzed information from Twitter to evaluate stock sentiment using Stockbuzz - the first tool to gather information from the social network in Spanish. Stockbuzz has been developed by Spanish bank BBVA and shows the investors’ mood for the IBEX 35 Spanish index. We use the application on investment decision making and calculate the average return depending on positive or negative Investors’ Mood. We conclude that twitter is a valid tool to generate investment alerts.

This study aimed to determine the applicability of western migration models to the movement patterns of foreign migrant traders at the Hartebeespoort Dam. After reflecting on theoretical dimensions of migration and the informal sector, an overview was provided of the historical development of migration patterns to and within South Africa. The complex nature of migration phenomena ensures the application of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. A snowball sampling technique was used to select 30 respondents for the purpose of the questionnaire survey. Information obtained from this survey was supplemented by five in-depth interviews. Descriptive statistical techniques were used to analyse the information obtained from the survey. The study concluded that western migration models do not offer adequate explanation for the migration patterns observed among foreign migrant traders at the Hartebeespoort Dam. The study also established the merit of the combined use of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies in migration studies.

RESUMEN: En el presente Trabajo Fin de Grado se presenta un estudio sobre el rol de la infancia en la actualidad, en las instituciones educativas y en su entorno más cercano: ciudad y comunidad. Primeramente, se lleva a cabo una revisión teó-rica acerca del interés que genera la participación de la infancia en el desarrollo de espacios públicos más integradores, junto con la importancia de conectar comunidad y escuela y las nuevas iniciativas de municipios educadores, en especial, la labor de Camargo en su propuesta de pertenecer a dicha red. A posteriori, se lleva a cabo un análisis de cinco experiencias que trabajan la participación de la infancia con distintos métodos: aprendizaje – servicio, municipios educadores, comunidades de aprendizaje, educación cívica, etcétera; y una comparación de todas ellas para elaborar una serie de conclusiones y ver que iniciativas cumplen la función de fomentar la participación de la infancia.ABSTRACT: In this Degree Final Project, we present a st...

With the world's fast evolving digital environment, web applications are at the centre of action in all industries like ecommerce, finance, healthcare, and education. With their increasing complexity and size, they are also open to enhanced cyber threats. One of the most stubborn and destructive among them is SQL Injection (SQLi), which involves attackers leveraging flaws in an application's database interaction layer to inject malicious SQL code through user inputs. It has serious repercussions, ranging from unauthorized access to data, loss or corruption of data, and total control of the backend database server. This project seeks to develop and deploy a complete, real-time SQL Injection detection and alert system that counters these attacks through a multi-layered security model. The solution proposed uses both proactive and reactive defence systems to provide strong protection. Proactive techniques involve input sanitization, parameterized queries, and web application firewalls to stop malicious input from being sent to the database. Concurrently, the reactive part entails real-time SQL query monitoring with machine learning techniques and pattern matching to identify anomalous or suspicious activity pointing to SQLi attempts. Once a threat is identified, the system promptly alerts administrators and activates automated containment processes to contain damage and avoid escalation. This comprises blocking suspect IP addresses, closing affected sessions, and logging events for analysis. By combining multiple defence layers and focusing on real-time detection and response, this system not only mitigates existing SQLi attack vectors but is also responsive to changing threat patterns. Overall, the proposed framework strengthens the security posture of web applications as a whole and ensures the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive data in an ever-connected digital space.

El siguiente artículo se centra en analizar el uso que dos de los principales partidos de extrema derecha en España (España 2000 y Democracia Nacional) realizan de Facebook. Para ello se analizarán sus perfiles durante la campaña de las elecciones generales de 2011. En la actualidad, las redes sociales forman parte de nuestra forma de comunicarnos e informarnos. Las herramientas digitales rompen el esquema vertical de la comunicación para dar paso a la horizontalidad de un proceso, donde el emisor puede ser al mismo tiempo emisor y receptor. Trasladado al terreno de la comunicación política este cambio puede favorecer la interacción y, por tanto, el diálogo y el debate entre gobernantes y gobernados sin la mediación habitual de los medios de comunicación. La importancia del estudio reside en analizar el uso de Facebook por parte de estos dos partidos en un periodo de máxima actividad y relevancia política como unas elecciones generales y en un contexto de inestabilidad y crisis.

Bu calismada, etkilesimli ogretim stratejisinin Turkce Egitimi Ana Bilim Dali 1. sinif ogrencilerinin (ogretim elemani, akran ve oz degerlendirme sonuclarina gore) konusma becerilerine etkisi arastirilmistir. 2011-2012 egitim-ogretim yilinda Selcuk Universitesi Ahmet Kelesoglu Egitim Fakultesi Turkce Egitimi Ana Bilim Dali 1. Sinif (I. ogretim) ogrencileri uzerinde gerceklestirilen bu arastirma, deneysel arastirma modellerinden biri olan on test – son test kontrol gruplu deneme modeline gore desenlenmistir. Arastirmada deney ve kontrol gruplari 40’ar ogrenciden olusmaktadir.  Ogrencilerin konusma becerileri, “Etkili Konusma Olcegi” (Yildiz ve Yavuz, 2012) araciligiyla toplanmistir. Arastirmaci tarafindan deney grubunda etkilesimli ogretim stratejisine gore, kontrol grubunda ise dogrudan ogretim stratejisine gore hazirlanan konusma etkinlikleriyle 10 hafta uygulama yapilmistir. Arastirma bulgularina gore ogretim elemanlari, akran ve oz degerlendirmelerine gore etkilesimli ogretim str...

Esta pesquisa se propõe a analisar e descrever a produção científica brasileira no campo dos Estudos Organizacionais, no que se referem aos autores, instituições de ensino superior, temas de pesquisa e metodologias. Para atingir tal objetivo, foi realizado um levantamento nos anais das seis edições anteriores do EnEO -Encontro de Estudos Organizacionais, entre 2000 e 2010. Para análise dos dados, além dos procedimentos comumente adotados em trabalhos bibliométricos, foi utilizada a metodologia de análise de redes sociais. Os resultados mostraram um crescimento constante de trabalhos a cada evento, a maioria classificada como ensaio teórico e estudo de caso, bem como um aumento no número de autores por artigo, com as instituições mais produtivas localizadas no eixo Sudeste/Sul. Ressalta-se, assim, a necessidade da realização de estudos futuros, sobretudo de natureza qualitativa, que possam indicar se essa produção científica proporcionada por essas cooperações e parcerias trouxe ganhos e contribuições teóricas e empíricas à área, contrastando assim, quantidade e qualidade na produção acadêmica em Estudos Organizacionais.

Não há nada que à primeira vista seja menos negociável que o gozo. Com sigilo e singularidade, o momento do gozo transforma a longa labuta da devoção, sagrada ou amorosa, no arrebatamento súbito do agenciamento humano. Se o gozo é transcendente, ele também é subliminar". Homi Bhabha, O Bazar Global e o Clube dos Cavaleiros Ingleses, p. 95

In Poland, in 2012 statistically at 1 000 inhabitants died 10 people, with at least 7 due to cardiovascular disease and cancer. In comparison with Western European countries, these values indicate poor health situation of Polish society. It can be assumed that responsible for the higher mortality rates in Poland are the stress caused by lack of work, the uncertainty of remuneration, the inactive lifestyle, unhealthy eating habits, overweight and obesity. The aim of this paper is to examine the significance of socio-economic determinants and their influence on deaths number in sub-regions in Poland in 2012. The method used is the linear econometric model with the spatial relationships. As a dependent variable the relative number of deaths in sub-regions in Poland per 1 000 inhabitants in 2012 is used. The results estimation indicate on the significant impact of education, unemployment and age on mortality in Poland and on the lack of influence of factors associated with affluence, su...

Privacy is a concern of social network users. Social networks are a source of valuable data for scientific or commercial analysis. Therefore, anonymizing social network data before releasing it becomes an important issue. The nodes in the network represent the individuals and the links among them denote their relationships. Nevertheless, publishing a social graph directly by simply removing the names of people who contributed to this graph raises important privacy issues. In particular, some inference attacks on the published graph can lead to deanonymizing certain nodes, learning the existence of a social relation between two nodes or even using the structure of the graph itself to deduce the value of certain sensitive attributes. In this paper, we present a brief yet systematic review of the existing anonymization techniques for privacy preserving publishing of social network data. We identify the challenges in privacy preserving publishing of social network data comparing to the ...

Use of online social networks is nearly ubiquitous. Use of these services generally entails substantial personal disclosure and elicits significant privacy concerns. This research uses Social Exchange Theory and the impression management literature to examine how privacy concerns can be counterbalanced by the perceived social benefits afforded by a social network's ability to support impression management. We frame social network use as an attempt to engage in impression management, and we highlight the importance of a social network's impression management capabilities in predicting social benefits from, and use of, a social network. We test our model with a sample of 244 Facebook users, finding strong support for the proposed relationships. Our theory has important implications for researchers and practitioners interested in privacy issues within social networks.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ("KSA") is a predominantly patriarchal society in which females are tasked with primary caregiving and the oversight of households. In instances in which there is a chronically ill child present, caregiving demands are increased as the treatment of chronic illnesses and conditions does not always occur within the clinical setting (Martin 2007), and the burden of rendering the care necessary for the ill patient is one that is shouldered most often by the mother or dominant matriarch of the family. Primary caregivers of chronically ill children may also experience additional psychological and physical strains. For example, caregivers of children with a chronic illness, in particular family members, are burdened with missed work, increased family stress, and increased demands due to the unpredictability of how the chronic illness manifests itself . In the KSA and other high-income Arab countries, disease patterns have changed such that infectious diseases have been replaced by chronic illnesses as the primary contributor to the overall disease burden . In fact, over the past twenty years, there has been an alarming increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases among children in Saudi Arabia, such as diabetes, hypertension and heart disease, cancer, genetic blood disorders and childhood obesity (Al-Qurashi, ElMouzan, Al-Herbish, Al-Salloum & Al-Omar, 2008; World Health Organization (WHO), 2010). Given these increases, not only will the total number of caregivers who will be burdened with caring for chronically ill children increase, but so too will the dimensions of the burden that the caregivers have to bear.

Abstract: In the context of influence propagation in a social graph, we can identify three orthogonal dimensions-the number of seed nodes activated at the beginning (known as budget), the expected number of activated nodes at the end of the propagation (known as expected spread or coverage), and the time taken for the propagation. We can constrain one or two of these and try to optimize the third. In their seminal paper, Kempe et al. constrained the budget, left time unconstrained, and maximized the coverage: this problem is known ...

Addressing the significant need for literacy education instruction, Missouri teacher preparation programs require eight credit hours of literacy coursework for all preservice teachers. Preparing these future teachers-many of whom lack confidence in their own reading and writing skills-is a salient research topic. Guiding students in re-examining their assumptions around the role of literacy in their own learning will support meaningful integration of these fundamental skills in instructional design. This transformation of students' frames of reference requires a challenge to their current conceptions of literacy, a holding space for exploration, and meaningful reflection. According to the National Center for Education Statistics (2012), students' writing performance declines as they advance into secondary grades. Consequently, the Common Core State Standards (2010) include cross-disciplinary literacy standards, "predicated on the idea that content area teachers will use their expertise to teach, guide, and engage students in the reading, writing, speaking, and language relevant to the respective discipline" (National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers, 2010). This is especially relevant in content areas like science, as literacy can support student understanding of the identities, activities, and patterns of thinking within the field (Pytash, 2013). Likewise, writing in math "provides opportunities for students to demonstrate mathematical understanding and construct arguments" .

questionário eletrônico. Os participantes indicaram os tipos de artigos que eles usualmente liam e a importância atribuída a cada um deles. Para cada tema tratado no questionário eletrônico, os dados são inicialmente apresentados e analisados no conjunto dos 60 participantes do estudo, e comparados entre mestrandos e doutorandos. Utilizou-se o teste de Qui-Quadrado (χ 2), a prova exata de Fisher e ainda o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Os relatos de pesquisa são os itens mais consultados pelos participantes nos periódicos. Os artigos de revisão crítica de uma área ou assunto são os mais valorizados pelos participantes. Os artigos metodológicos aparecem em quarta posição em frequência de leitura e em atribuição de importância e são mais valorizados por doutorandos que por mestrandos. Os estudantes lêem estes artigos usando diferentes procedimentos. As possíveis razões para os estudantes valorizarem os artigos de revisão crítica e ensaios teóricos são discutidos. O presente es...

The relationship between the use of social networks and the students´ academic self-efficacy and perception of wellbeing is explorer in adolescents from the Mayan zone of the Yucatán, Mexico. Three instruments exploring these variables were administered to 1013 students form 7th and 9th grades.   Access to social network in these adolescents seem to be like those in the cities, suggesting some equity in these two contexts. Results evidences no significant relationships between the variables, expect from the logical significant relationship between high self-efficacy and better school grades.  Women scored higher in every dimension of wellbeing and reported higher expectations for college entrance than men. Nine graders scored lower both in self efficacy and perceptions of wellbeing, maybe because to developmental issues associated to adolescence. This higher perception of wellbeing in rural women deserves further considerations in view of commonly held beliefs that women in rural co...

This study investigates how algorithm-driven content curation impacts mediated discourse, amplifies ideological echo chambers and alters linguistic structures in online communication. While these platforms promise connectivity, their engagement-driven mechanisms reinforce biases and fragment discourse spaces, leading to Synthetic Social Alienation (SSA). By combining discourse analysis with in-depth interviews, this study examines the algorithmic mediation of language and meaning in digital spaces, revealing how algorithms commodify attention and shape conversational patterns. In this study, four SSA patterns were identified: Algorithmic Manipulation, Digital Alienation, Platform Dependency, and Echo Chamber Effects. A hybrid dataset (180 training, 30 test samples) was used to train classification models. Among four algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM) achieved the highest performance (90.0% accuracy, 90.4% F1-score). Sentiment analysis revealed distinct language structures for positive (AUC = 0.994), neutral (AUC = 0.933), and negative (AUC = 0.919) expressions. SHAP and LIME analyses highlighted key features driving model decisions. The findings expose how digital platforms commodify attention and shape user discourse, underscoring the need for ethical algorithm design and regulatory oversight.

Resumen El objetivo del presente artículo es comparar el imaginario de auto percepción de la salud en adultos mayores de la investigación: Imaginarios sociales sobre el envejecimiento en las mujeres, realizada en Granada-España y Bucaramanga-Colombia ( ). El estudio (objeto de análisis) fue de corte transversal descriptivo, se realizó mediante la aplicación de un instrumento basado en el Cuestionario de Valoración de Estereotipos sobre el Envejecimiento, entre jóvenes universitarios. Los resultados permiten concluir que un 59% de la población encuestada en Colombia y un 50% de la población encuestada en España, están de acuerdo en que la mayor parte de las mujeres mantienen un nivel de salud aceptable hasta los 60 años.

Resumen El objetivo del presente artículo es comparar el imaginario de auto percepción de la salud en adultos mayores de la investigación: Imaginarios sociales sobre el envejecimiento en las mujeres, realizada en Granada-España y Bucaramanga-Colombia ( ). El estudio (objeto de análisis) fue de corte transversal descriptivo, se realizó mediante la aplicación de un instrumento basado en el Cuestionario de Valoración de Estereotipos sobre el Envejecimiento, entre jóvenes universitarios. Los resultados permiten concluir que un 59% de la población encuestada en Colombia y un 50% de la población encuestada en España, están de acuerdo en que la mayor parte de las mujeres mantienen un nivel de salud aceptable hasta los 60 años.

Introduction: In recent years, due to rising of divorce statistics in the country, paying attention to causes of this phenomenon is considered. This qualitative study aimed to assess the context and consequences of divorce in Rasht City, Iran. Method: This was a qualitative study with phenomenological approach. 25 men and women, who experienced divorce, were selected using purposive sampling method, and were studied via in-depth and exploratory interviews. Then, the data were collected, registered, encoded, and classified into themes and subthemes categories. Results: By analyzing the participants' experiences, 516 primary codes, 6 main themes, and 21 subthemes were extracted. The findings in the context of divorce were classified in 9 subthemes, and 3 main themes of large, interactive, and small contexts. The consequences of divorce consisted of 12 subthemes, and 3 main themes of economic, social-cultural, and individual outcomes. Conclusion: Participants experiences indicate t...

El ensayo analiza un momento de ruptura del régimen institucional de la representación corporativa del comercio provincial novohispano, en el contexto de la transición al régimen republicano. Nos interesa mostrar una coyuntura crítica para entender la desarticulación política de una clase comercial que declinó en su capacidad de negociar, ejercer autoridad jurisdiccional sobre una territorialidad de mercado y la fractura de sus capacidades judiciales para resolver disputas comerciales. Se trata de una micro-observación de actores, procesos políticos y cambios en la trama institucional que cerraron el ciclo de la vida corporativa del comercio tardocolonial en la nueva república mexicana.

The essay analyzes a moment of rupture in the institutional regime of the corporate representation of provincial trade in New Spain, in the context of the transition to the republican regime. We are interested in showing a critical juncture for understanding the political disarticulation of a commercial class that declined in its capacity to negotiate, to exercise jurisdictional authority over a market territoriality, and the fracture of its judicial capacities to resolve commercial disputes. This is a micro-observation of actors, political processes and changes in the institutional framework that closed the cycle of corporate life in late-colonial trade in the new Mexican republic.

Characterizing the location of tourist images in cities. Differences in user-generated images (Instagram), official tourist brochures and travel guides. -We compare spatial distribution of user-generated images and projected images. -A partial overlap between the locations captured in these sources was identified. -User-generated images are clearly wider than that from official sources. -To obtain a consistent representation of the city we need to analyse various sources.