Roman coins

L'attenta revisione della monetazione in argento del V secolo riserva numerosi spunti di riflessione e molte occasioni di approfondimento 1. Nel primo volume dell'anno 2025 di questa rivista, usai queste parole in apertura del mio contributo, e queste sono le medesime parole che mi sento di utilizzare in questa occasione, nella quale proporrò ancora una volta la revisione critica di alcune classificazioni in argento presenti nel RIC X. Le vicende relative a Prisco Attalo possono essere così riassunte per sommi capi: nel 409 ottenne dall'imperatore Onorio (395-423) il ruolo di comes sacrarum largitionum; sempre nel 409 Alarico, re dei Visigoti, occupata la città di Roma, fece di Prisco Attalo un imperatore in opposizione a Onorio, quindi un usurpatore; nell'estate del 410 Prisco Attalo fu deposto dallo stesso Alarico; nel 414 i Visigoti lo nominarono nuovamente imperatore, questa volta in Gallia, sempre in opposizione a Onorio; nel 415 il nuovo re dei Visigoti, Ataulfo, abbandonò la Gallia e l'usurpazione di Prisco Attalo finì di conseguenza. Le emissioni in argento a nome di Prisco Attalo sono quindi evidentemente divise tra Roma, nel primo periodo, e la Gallia, nel secondo. Proprio il secondo periodo restituisce alcuni spunti interessanti perché, come appare evidente, queste emissioni si posizionano sulla sottile linea che divide la monetazione imperiale ufficiale, benché emessa da un usurpatore, da quella imitativa. Il RIC X divide chiaramente queste due monetazioni, e così le monete ufficiali del secondo periodo di Prisco Attalo si trovano ai numeri 1416, un solido in oro, e 1417, una cosiddetta siliqua 2 , ovvero una moneta in argento, entrambe note in un solo esemplare. Della moneta 1417, oggi sono noti non meno di sei esemplari, di cui uno riporta in modo perfettamente leggibile, l'indicazione di zecca in esergo, PSNB 3 , rimandando così senza dubbi alla zecca di Narbonne, peraltro spesso già indicata come sede anche delle successive emissioni imitative. Probabilmente temporalmente precedente rispetto a queste, una moneta non censita nel RIC riporta l'indicazione di Treviri. Altri esemplari della moneta n. 1417 recentemente apparsi permettono inoltre di rivalutare un assunto di Kent presente nel RIC X ADDENDA 2, e di assegnare a questa medesima autorità una serie di monete di per sé identiche a queste, ma riportanti il nome di Onorio, che Kent poneva invece tra le imitative, assegnando loro il numero 3703b 4. La 1 GENNARI 2025. 2 Manterrò in tutto questo contributo nomenclature come siliqua e mezza-siliqua in modo assolutamente non tecnico, ed esclusivamente per un'ormai consolidata convenzione numismatica, consapevole che questi argenti non ebbero mai questo nome nell'antichità, e che l'uso dello stesso tende spesso a complicare un ambito della numismatica già di per sé assai complesso. 3 Le lettere PS a inizio o fine dell'esergo saranno da leggere come pusulatum, in riferimento alla garanzia di purezza dell'argento. Le altre lettere fanno di norma riferimento alla zecca che ha coniato la moneta. 4 Kent assegna ai Visigoti tutte queste monete a nome di Onorio, datandole a circa il 418-423. Si veda anche KENT 1989.

Tous droits de traduction, de reproduction et d'adaptation réservés pour tous pays. CHAPITRE PREMIER VUE D'ENSEMBLE L ES QUATRE ÉTUDES dont ce livre se compose sont unies entre elles par des liens plus forts que les ressemblances et les affinités de leurs sujets. Sans doute, elles ne se suivent pas dans un ordre ininterrompu. Sans doute encore, elles portent des titres séparés qui en dénotent moins la solidarité qu'une trompeuse indépendance. Il n'en est pas moins certain qu'elles comportent une unité profonde qui tient moins à la manière dont elles ont été invariablement conduites qu'à la convergence des conclusions par lesquelles, les unes après les autres, elles aboutissent, sur l'empire romain, à des perspectives dont le tracé inattendu ne laissera pas de surprendre les uns, et, peut-être, d'irriter les autres. En chacune d'elles, j'ai poursuivi ma tâche, comme un chercheur isolé, en remontant les courants qui entraînent aussi bien les spécialistes que le grand public. La première contredit à l'opinion, généralement accréditée, que César, amoureux fou de Cléopâtre, qui lui aurait donné un fils, Césarion, n'aurait rien su refuser à sa jeune amante, aurait humilié devant elle la majesté des faisceaux romains. Un seul, parmi mes devanciers, mon maître Bouché-Leclercq, a senti ce que cette légende, simple projection, rétrospective et mensongère, sur la haute figure de César, des traits dont Marc-Antoine a barbouillé le visage de Rome, contenait en soi d'invraisemblance ; mais il n'a pas osé s'en libérer entièrement et il s'est borné à l'élaguer de ses éléments les plus 6 PASSION ET POLITIQUE CHEZ LES CÉSARS incroyables. Si, pour l'interprétation que j'ai développéeet qui se heurtera toujours, je le crains, aux contraintes de sentimentalités qui reparaissent à toutes les époques comme à l'attrait du scandale qui, lui aussi, est de tous les temps -, je cherche autour de moi une caution qui me rassure, je n'arrive à la découvrir que chez un écrivain d'imagination, un dramaturge, il est vrai génial, Bernard Shaw, dont les intuitions sont allées plus avant que le travail le plus consciencieux des érudits professionnels. La seconde jette sur le mariage d'Octave avec Livie un jour si cru qu'il en devient déconcertant. La troisième substitue chez Julie, fille d'Auguste, une frénésie de domination aux emportements de sa prétendue libido. Enfin la quatrième étude, la plus importante à mes yeux, bouleverse la conception qui, jusqu'ici, dominait le siècle des Antonins. Bien loin que ceuxrci aient transformé l'empire romain en la meilleure des républiques, en remettant, de souverain en souverain, le pouvoir absolu qu'ils détenaient à l'homme le plus digne de l'exercer à son tour, ils ont, à partir de Trajan, jalousement veillé à le maintenir dans leur descendance ; et, même avec Hadrien, ils ont mieux aimé le conférer par des assassinats à leurs bâtards que l'abandonner paisiblement à de légitimes collatéraux. Assurément, cette dernière thèse, sous la première forme que je lui ai donnée, n'a pas rallié tous les suffrages ; mais on a reconnu le bien-fondé de nombre des arguments par lesquels j'ai essayé de l'établir sur les textes et sur les faits l . Ma chance a voulu depuis que je fusse à même de l'affermir encore davantage, et je souhaite que les raisons supplémentaires que m'ont fournies un passage d'Hérodien, qui m'avait

Études * The author is grateful to Clare Rowan who has edited the English of this paper and offered some comments, as well as to Bernhard Woytek and Daniela Williams who have provided some additional information. 2 VIRLOUVET 1988, p. 120 (my translation).

This essay seeks to analyse the Jewish writings of the late George Steiner, a significant literary critic, linguist, theorist, and cultural courier. Steiner was a proud yet conflicted Jew, who constructed a unique theory of Judaism that enabled him to tackle large subjects such as the Holocaust, Zionism, and the disproportionate Jewish presence among the great theorists of modernity. Steiner conceived of Judaism as a text-centric religion that spurns nationalism, territoriality, and ethnic ties in favour of cosmopolitan and transnational ideals, which were imbibed over centuries of exile. This essay both analyses and critiques Steiner's theory of Judaism, and makes two central claims. First, Steiner's Jewish writings are internally consistent, and provide a powerful paradigm through which to tackle the infamous 'Jewish Question'. Second, that the many flaws in Steiner's conception of Judaism-including various omissions, inaccuracies, and outdated paradigms-render his ideational framework untenable.

The National Museum of Slovenia has two silver ingots in its collection from the mid-fourth century AD, although unfortunately, they lack information about the context of their discovery. The ingots are in the shape of a double axe-head, which is the commonest form of Late Roman silver ingots. Their weight corresponds to that of a Roman pound. Both feature a stamped portrait of the Roman Emperor Constantius II. In addition to the portrait, one of the ingots has a punched POLIPI inscription and the other two stamped inscriptions that read EOR NKA and EOPTOC / NKA. The XRF analyses have confirmed a 95–98% purity of silver known to have been used in the silver ingot production. Similar ingots were fairly common in the fourth century AD, out of this group, the paper focuses on the extremely rare examples stamped with Imperial portraits.

The National Museum of Slovenia has two silver ingots in its collection from the mid-fourth century AD, although unfortunately, they lack information about the context of their discovery. The ingots are in the shape of a double axe-head, which is the commonest form of Late Roman silver ingots. Their weight corresponds to that of a Roman pound. Both feature a stamped portrait of the Roman Emperor Constantius II. In addition to the portrait, one of the ingots has a punched POLIPI inscription, and the other two stamped inscriptions that read EOR NKA and EOPTOC / NKA. The XRF analyses have confirmed a 95–98% purity of silver known to have been used in the silver ingot production. Similar ingots were fairly common in the fourth century AD, out of this group, the paper focuses on the extremely rare examples stamped with Imperial portraits.

The excavations at Stanwick, Northamptonshire, were carried out by Historic England in advance of gravel extraction. Trenching covered over thirty hectares and the resulting assemblage of finds and bioarchaeological material remains the largest archaeological collection from the county. The fieldwork revealed a prehistoric ritual landscape and field systems succeeded by rural settlement dating from the early Iron Age through the Romano-British period. Activity at the villa continued into the fifth century AD. The site produced a nationally significant assemblage of 12 Iron Age and 3,730 Roman coins. This report places this assemblage within its wider landscape context building of the assessment published by the author in Research Report Series 37-2021. This is undertaken utilising a new corpus of almost 500,000 Roman coins recorded from Roman sites across Britain which stemmed from this initial research into the environs of Raunds (Henry, 2023a; Henry, 2024).

The excavations at Stanwick, Northamptonshire, were carried out by Historic England in advance of gravel extraction. Trenching covered over thirty hectares and the resulting assemblage of finds and bioarchaeological material remains the largest archaeological collection from the county. The fieldwork revealed a prehistoric ritual landscape and field systems succeeded by rural settlement dating from the early Iron Age through the Romano-British period. Activity at the villa continued into the fifth century AD. The site produced a nationally significant assemblage of 12 Iron Age and 3,730 Roman coins. This report presents the data, now structured for integration into the future project GIS, and sets outs its potential. It uses studies of selected areas to investigate variation across the site and the changing and evolving patterns of coin loss over time, and discusses wider parallels for the Temenos, constructed over a Bronze Age barrow. The study highlights the potential of these forms of analysis and demonstrate continuity and change within various Landscape Elements defined at the site.

Publia Fulvia Plautilla – cesarzowa rzymska, pierwsza i jedyna małżonka cesarza Karakalli. Była córką wpływowego prefekta pretorianów Gajusza Fulwiusza Plaucjana i jego żony Hortensji. Wiosną 202 r., w trakcie obchodów decennaliów panującego Septymiusza Sewera (9-15 kwietnia, jako 15-letnia poślubiła Karakallę, uzyskując godność augusty. W okresie 202-205 roku n.e. emitowane są monety z przedstawieniem Plautilli: imperialne w Rzymie i prowincjonalne w środkowej i wschodniej części Cesarstwa Rzymskiego.
Cesarzowa prezentowana jest w charakterystycznych fryzurach z kręconymi włosami, spiętymi z tył głowy w mały kok lub opuszczonymi na szyję i upiętymi zapinką lub kokardą.
Emisje prowincjonale Sewerów są najliczniejsze i zostały wyemitowane w wielu ośrodkach, które kontynuowały swoje wielkie tradycje numizmatyczne z okresu autonomicznego albo tylko w tym okresie podjęły jednorazową działalność menniczą. Na połowie z nich pojawia się wizerunek Plautilli. Emisje monetarne Peloponezu są bardzo rzadkie i większości bardzo źle zachowane. Rewersy prezentują bóstwa, np.: Zeusa, Asklepiosa, Hermesa, Dionizosa, Dioskurów i Aresa oraz Artemidę, Tyche, Atenę, Afrodytę, Demeter, Izydę i Herę. Aegira ukazała scenę z Erosem i Tyche. Egina zaprezentowała Hekate Triformis.
Bóstwa rozpoznawalne są po trzymanych w rękach atrybutach.
Prawdopodobnie były to wizerunki rzeźb, z których polis były dumne (np. herma - Egina, posąg na postumencie – Asine, Hermes jako posąg w świątyni – Figaleia, posąg w świątyni - Korkyra).Na emisjach messeńskiej Asine przedstawiono zwiniętego węża. Rzadka jest też scena z postacią męską prowadzącą krowę na linie (np. Hermione w Argolidzie). Wyspa Korkyra zaprezentowała cały ciąg galer i świątyń oraz pegaza.
Znaleziska prowincjonalnych monet Peloponezu z okresu Sewerów dokonywane są również w Lewancie. Wyjaśnieniem tego niezwykłego międzyregionalnego przepływu lokalnych brązowych monet jest to, że były one tam przewożone jako kieszonkowe przez peloponeskich żołnierzy, których w 214/5 roku Karakalla zwerbował do swojej „greckiej falangi”, aby walczyć z Partami podczas kampanii wschodniej.

Coins not only have an ancient history, but a modern one as well. Two men in the early twentieth century, Samuel Pozzi and Fenerly Bey, had important collections of ancient coins that have filtered down to present-day collectors. These prominent men were teachers of medicine and students of numismatics, alike in their vocations and avocations. From Paris and Constantinople in the early 1900s, their collections were dispersed under unusual circumstances.

Digital Numismatics (hereinafter DN) has become
a field characterized by dynamically developing tools and research
databases which has created an entirely new research environment.
The number of operating products is impressive, and the topic
of the user perspective on their actual implementation in the
research has become significant. As a result, questions such
as the following need to be addressed: how are the new tools
changing the workflow? is there a quantifiable added value of the
digital environment? is there a threat of data distortion? and how
important is the previous professional numismatic experience of
the user? This paper aims to present DN from the user perspective
based on the experience of both authors with two mints from
Thrace, namely Apollonia Pontica and Pautalia. These examples
allow observations on Greek and Roman numismatics in a region
which is proactively being addressed by multiple digital projects.

ISBN Сборник статей посвящен 65-летию известного немецкого археолога доктора Эрдмуте Шультце, много лет исследовавшей древности Восточной Европы, а также 20-летию Германо-Славянской археологической экспедиции Харьковского национального университета имени В. Н. Каразина. Коллективный труд содержит статьи, затрагивающие различные проблемы археологии позднеримского времени и начала Великого переселения народов в Центральной и Восточной Европе. Для специалистов, студентов и всех интересующихся прошлым. В оформлении обложки использованы: фрагмент карты Северной Европы XVI в. Олафа Магнуса Carta Marina (© Uppsala University Library); рисунки сосудов из погребения 117 могильника Войтенки, Валковский р-н, Харьковская область (© ГСАЭ ХНУ) © УИЛ ГСАЭ ХНУ имени В. Н. Каразина © Авторы статей Редакционная коллегия Ostrogothica-Serie: Bände

Nachdrucke jeder Art -auch Übersetzungen und Auszüge -nur mit Genehmigung der Redaktion. Gezeichnete Beiträge liegen nicht in der Verantwortung der Redaktion. Die Zeitschrift Geldgeschichtliche Nachrichten (GN) wird von der Gesellschaft für Internationale Geldgeschichte, gemeinnützige Forschungsgesellschaft e.V. (GIG) herausgegeben und von ihr ausschließlich getragen. Dritte sind an der Finanzierung weder direkt noch indirekt beteiligt (Offenlegung gem. § 5 Abs. 2 des Hess. Gesetzes über Freiheit und Recht der Presse in der Fassung vom 12.12.2003).

This paper examines the coins of Sanghol, an archaeological site in Punjab, which provide key evidence of the region's economic and cultural prosperity during the Kushāṇa period. The discovery of coins, seals, sealings, and terracotta highlights Sanghol's role as an important mint site with local coin production. The variety of coins reflects its significance as a centre of trade and craftsmanship, contributing to our understanding of Kushāṇa monetary practices and the broader historical context of ancient India.

Thema sind einige Sonderbereiche der Forschung, welche bisher kaum oder nicht beachtet wurden, sowie einige Anmerkungen zu verschiedenen Ansichten, welche sich in der Forschung trotz mangelnder Quellen halten.
Themen sind etymologische Überlegungen zu Begriffen wie der Hyäne, dem Wurfpfeil Gabilun, Robin Hood und dem Drachen, sowie Überlegungen zur Herkunft des Minnesängers Walther von Mezze, zur angeblichen Sollstärke bei der römischen Armee,  zu den kleinen skythischen Pfeilspitzen, zum Sinn und Zweck des Limes und weiteres.

The topic shows some special areas of research which have received little or no attention so far, as well as some comments on various views which persist in research despite a lack of sources.
Topics addressed include etymological considerations of terms such as to the hyena, the hunting-arrow Gabilun, Robin Hood and the dragon, as well as considerations on the origin of the ministeriaisl Walther von Mezze, the crew strength of the troops in the ancient roman army, the small scythian arrowheads, the purpose of the roman limes and more.

The circulation of money in the fifth and sixth centuries has remained poorly understood for several decades, mainly in relation to the question of bronze coins. Several discoveries of recent decades, as well as the data brought by very recent excavations, have allowed for significant advances in our understanding of the south of Gaul. They have also lead to the resumption of studies of several sets of ancient discoveries in the light of the latter. We wish to present here the first synthesis of these new data and elements of reflection on the characterization of these late bronze coins.

Between 2018 and 2019, an archaeological excavation near the early Christian Basilica of San Vittore al Corpo in Milan brought to light two mass graves in which more than 130 corpses were buried. One of the skeletons was discovered with a hoard alongside his body which comprised a gold florin of Philip I of Habsburg issued in Antwerpen (1500–1506) and thirteen silver coins, struck in the same period in numerous mints located between Flanders (Philip I and Charles V) and France (Charles VIII and Louis XII). These coins are either exceptional or else very rare in the context of money circulation in sixteenth-century Milan. The tombs probably housed the victims of an epidemic who were quickly buried, perhaps out of fear of contagion, as suggested by the fact that other skeletons were also found with small change struck by the mint of Milan or other nearby mints; these were identifiable as the content of people’s pockets at the time of their death, or else belonged to clothing or everyday items, such as belt buckles, brooches, and finger rings. The foreign nature of the Flanders and French coins makes it reasonable to hypothesize that their original owner probably came from these areas (was he a merchant? Or a soldier? A diplomat? Or perhaps a pilgrim?) and that he suddenly died in Milan due to the spread of a contagious illness that also affected the other people who were buried in the same mass graves.

Archaeological study at the site of hoard finds is an active approach employed by European archaeologists, but in Belarus, this method isn’t common. Trying to solve the problem, the National Historical Museum of the Republic of Belarus conducted several expeditions to the places where the hoards from the museum collection were found. This was useful for understanding the hiding context of these hoards, but also completed the collection with coins that weren’t found by the finder.

The finding of a coin hoard made of forty late Roman bronze coins in the Roman villa of Vilauba (Girona, Catalonia), found more specifically in the ancient latrina associated with the balneum of the villa, allows us to discuss important facts about the general archaeological sequence of the building, such as the abandonment of the balneum. A detailed study of the coins is also provided here, and their characteristics are compared to other examples of coin finds in the zone.

This contribution sheds light on a group of sulphur casts of ancient Roman medallions used by Francesco Gnecchi as a source for his work I Medaglioni Romani (1912). The Italian numismatist assumed that all of these casts reproduced specimens kept in the Vatican collection before 1798. A comparison with a similar set of casts and its accompanying manuscript catalogue, recently made available for study, shows that the ones viewed by Gnecchi also reproduced pieces from several other collections and were made by the Roman antiquary Filippo Aurelio Visconti at the beginning of the nineteenth century.

The discovery in 2016 of the tetrarchy-period hoard of Tomares was, without a doubt, one of the most important cultural events of recent times in the Iberian Peninsula. A team comprising several centres and departments at the University of Seville is currently undertaking the interdisciplinary study of the hoard from a two-fold perspective: a historical-numismatic study and a metallographic analysis. The study of this hoard, which is estimated to include just over 53,200 coins in nineteen amphorae, has been a significant challenge. The micro-excavation of two of them (numbers 10 and 11) has yielded the data on which the initial publications are based. With over 10% of the coins having already been studied, and more than 16% estimated, the preliminary results can be put forward.

The paper illustrates the numismatic activity of the Venetian collector Apostolo Zeno (1668-1750), based in particular on two hitherto unpublished sources: the catalogues of his coins, written by Zeno himself, and parts of his letters that concern the purchase of ancient coins.

This contribution focuses on a unique token specimen of Julian (ad 361–363) from the ‘Vota Publica’ series, which was once part of the collection of Charles III de Croÿ, fourth Duke of Aarschot (1560–1612). Iconographic and typological features of this specimen are examined here through a comparative approach, with the aim of assessing the authenticity of this now-lost piece.

The following presents a group of Roman bronze coins issued during the fourth century AD, which were later repurposed by engraving a large–sized Roman numeral on their reverses. Similar engravings also occur on two Roman provincial coins of the principate as well as on a handful of Roman tesserae from the fourth century, which are presented here for completeness as they are relatable to the same conversion pattern and phenomenon.
It should be noted in advance that the incised coins and tesserae recorded here have been in museum or private collections since at least the nineteenth century (where known), or have recently surfaced on the market. Since their find-spots are unknown, dating and analysing the engravings cannot rely on any archaeological context data, and must by necessity be based on other methods. This paper aims to explore the reuse of these objects in the late Roman period through a comparative approach, and provides some thoughts on the purpose, context, and meaning of their uncommon numeral marks.
The contribution is divided into four parts: the first gives a presentation of the materials and summarises their status quaestionis; an identification of the coin series to which these pieces formerly belonged is proposed in the second part through analysis of the types displayed on their obverses; the third section deals with the numeral incisions on the reverses and identifies the specimens which form part of the same ensemble; finally, a possible affiliation of the numeral marks and their inherent purpose is suggested in the fourth part. A catalogue including all specimens available to date is provided at the end of the contribution.

La presente scheda catalografica analizza un antoniniano emesso sotto l’imperatore Marco Aurelio Probo (276–282 d.C.) nella zecca di Cizico (RIC V.2, 911). Il diritto presenta un busto radiato e paludato di Probo, con scettro sormontato da un’aquila e la legenda IMP C M AUR PROBUS P F AUG. Il rovescio raffigura Sol su quadriga, con la legenda SOLI INVICTO e i marchi di zecca CM e di valore XXIQ in esergo.

La moneta, coniata in biglione, testimonia la profonda svalutazione del nominale argenteo durante la crisi del III secolo, nonché gli effetti della riforma monetaria aureliana, che introdusse maggiore standardizzazione ponderale, un parziale rialzo del titolo argenteo e un sistema di marchiature per contrastare la falsificazione. L’iconografia solare, ereditata e rielaborata da Probo, funge da potente strumento di propaganda imperiale, finalizzato a legittimare il potere attraverso l’associazione con il dio Sole Invitto (Sol Invictus), simbolo di regalità e invincibilità.

L’approfondimento contestualizza storicamente la figura di Probo, il quadro della crisi imperiale e le strategie ideologico-religiose impiegate per consolidare il consenso. Lo studio evidenzia come la moneta costituisca non solo un documento economico-finanziario, ma anche un medium privilegiato per la comunicazione del messaggio politico imperiale nel contesto turbolento del III secolo.

Door de muntreeks uit Heerlen te vergelijken met die van andere vindplaatsen is vastgesteld dat het muntverlies op het Thermenterrein vermoedelijk in de periode 9-14 n.Chr. is begonnen. De relatief grote aantallen munten uit de Claudische tijd kunnen wellicht gerelateerd worden de (ver)bouw van het badgebouw. De muntvondsten wijzen op een onverminderde en continue activiteit op het Thermenterrein tot circa 170 n.Chr. Uit de periode hierna vinden we echter nauwelijks meer munten. Vanaf 260 n.Chr. loopt het muntverlies weer ononderbroken door tot aan de jongste Romeinse munten die het muntcomplex van het Thermenterrein een terminus post quem geven van 393.

Recently discovered traces of Roman gold mines in Lower Austria suggest that there were more mining activities in Pannonia than shown by Roman sources. Interestingly, all Pannonian mines are located in border areas between Roman provinces. This certainly influenced the research of Pannonian mining districts since their administrative organization was not researched separately. Therefore, modern literature mostly associates the Pannonian silver mines and their administration with the Dalmatian silver mines, whose center was in the vicinity of Srebrenica. However, until AD 161, they were mentioned separately in inscriptions argentariae Pannonicae and argentariae Delmaticae. The inscriptions mentioning the Pannonian silver mine procurators were discovered in modern Algeria, Türkiye, and Serbia. Argentariae Pannonicae encompassed a quite large territory from the lower course of the Drina River (to the north of Srebrenica in Bosnia and Herzegovina) and a part of northwest Serbia (modern Zajača, Valjevo, and Loznica). It is assumed that the local mining administration for Pannonian silver mines was located in Gensis (Tab. Peut.) vicus in the modern Mačva District in Serbia. Inscriptions on epigraphic monuments suggest that the top-level mining administration was stationed in Sirmium until AD 161, after which it was relocated to Domavia. During Marcus Aurelius, all Pannonian and Dalmatian mines were consolidated under procurator metallorum Pannonicorum et Dalmaticorum. During Commodus, Pannonian iron mines were exempted from this consolidated administration, whereas silver mines remained under the authority of a procurator from Domavia titled procurator argentariarum metallorum Pannonicorum et Dalmaticorum. A 3rd-century inscription mentions procurator Augusti and procurator argentariarum, opening the question of local administration of Pannonian mines. Certain administrative changes can be traced back to the Late Antiquity when comes metallorum per Illyricum was mentioned in Notitia Dignitatum.

Centre d'étude et de publication des trouvailles monétaires (Paris). Auteur du texte. Trésors monétaires. 12 / Bibliothèque nationale, [Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques, Centre d'étude et de publication des trouvailles monétaires] ; [textes rassemblés et édités par Jean-Baptiste Giard]. 1991. 1/ Les contenus accessibles sur le site Gallica sont pour la plupart des reproductions numériques d'oeuvres tombées dans le domaine public provenant des collections de la BnF. Leur réutilisation s'inscrit dans le cadre de la loi n°78-753 du 17 juillet 1978 : -La réutilisation non commerciale de ces contenus ou dans le cadre d'une publication académique ou scientifique est libre et gratuite dans le respect de la législation en vigueur et notamment du maintien de la mention de source des contenus telle que précisée ci-après : « Source gallica.bnf.fr / Bibliothèque nationale de France » ou « Source gallica.bnf.fr / BnF ». -La réutilisation commerciale de ces contenus est payante et fait l'objet d'une licence. Est entendue par réutilisation commerciale la revente de contenus sous forme de produits élaborés ou de fourniture de service ou toute autre réutilisation des contenus générant directement des revenus : publication vendue (à l'exception des ouvrages académiques ou scientifiques), une exposition, une production audiovisuelle, un service ou un produit payant, un support à vocation promotionnelle etc.

Bibliothèque nationale de France. Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques. Auteur du texte. Trésors monétaires. XV, 1995 / Bibliothèque nationale de France, [Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques] ; [textes rassemblés et éd. par Michel Amandry]. 1996.

Bibliothèque nationale de France. Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques. Auteur du texte. Trésors monétaires. XV, 1995 / Bibliothèque nationale de France, [Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques] ; [textes rassemblés et éd. par Michel Amandry]. 1996.

Nous avons insisté à diverses reprises sur l'originalité du programme iconographique développé sous Gallien par l'atelier monétaire de Siscia. Originalité toute relative, car en réalité l'atelier pannonien, ouvert à la fin de l'année 263 3 , a souvent fait appel à des sources plus anciennes, essentiellement sévériennes 4 . Le type le plus extraordinaire apparu ces dernières années sur le marché numismatique 5 représente un éléphant mené par un cornac. Les collectionneurs ont bien compris l'importance de cette monnaie, dont le prix de vente a atteint en 2006 un record, du moins à l'époque, pour un antoninien de Gallien 6 . Depuis lors, un deuxième exemplaire est apparu sur le marché, confirmant l'authenticité du premier. Si le type en question n'a jamais été publié et commenté en détail, cette nouvelle monnaie a cependant été illustrée à plusieurs reprises ; elle n'est donc pas totalement inconnue des chercheurs 7 .

Zunächst wurde er nicht als archäologisch relevant eingestuft, sodass eine weitere Nachforschung möglich war. Erst später stellte sich heraus, dass es sich sehr wohl um ein kulturhistorisch bedeutendes Objekt handelte. Zunächst konnte ich nach Absprache die Untersuchungen fortsetzen, da es sich vermeintlich um neuzeitliche Objekte handelte .. Ich wollte herauszufinden wozu dieser Ring mit Platte gehörte und welche Funktion er hatte. Kurz darauf dokumentierte ich weitere Funde aus Bronze und Eisen, darunter fragmentierte Phalären, die als Phalären zunächst nicht erkannt wurden, einen weiteren Ring mit Platte sowie Eisenstücke, die sehr viel später als Teile eines Pferdegeschirrs interpretiert wurden. Zunächst war die Bestimmung schwierig, da unklar blieb, was die "Bronzescheiben" darstellten. Daher übermittelte ich Bilder an die Archäologische Staatssammlung (ASM) in München. Kurz darauf erhielt ich die Rückmeldung: Es handelte sich um Phalären der Hallstattzeit. Daraufhin informierte ich umgehend den zuständigen Mitarbeiter des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Denkmalpflege (BLfD), der die Objekte zuvor als "neuzeitlich" eingestuft hatte. Die Überraschung über die tatsächliche Bedeutung war groß. Glücklicherweise lag eine vollständige Dokumentation der Fundschichten und Befunde vor, sodass die Funde wissenschaftlich nachvollziehbar gesichert waren. Den Fundbergungsbericht u bergab ich dem zuständigen Amtsarchäologen. Auf Wunsch der Grundstücksbesitzerin wurden die Objekte schließlich der ortsansässigen Archäologin übergeben, um sie möglicherweise in der Gemeinde auszustellen. Sämtliche Erdproben, Holzreste und weiteres Material bewahrte ich kühl auf, um spätere Untersuchungen zu ermöglichen. Abb.1 /2 Phaläre Vorder-und Rückseite Abb.3. Eisenteile eines Pferdegeschirrs

There are three known hoards from the territory of present-day Serbia which end with coins of Maximinus I: the Supska II, Ravna and Mehovine hoards. Taking into account the Roman division of the provinces, the hoards from Ravna and Supska (II) originated from the territory of Upper Moesia, while the Mehovine hoard represents a find from this period, deposited in Lower Pannonia. Since the latest pieces in all three hoards are dated broadly from January/autumn AD 236 to the first quarter of AD 238, the reasons for burying the finds may be different: the terror spread by Maximinus' agents when collecting taxes; the violence of the troops and of the local administration; or a reaction to the news of the rebellions in Africa and in Rome.

Die Publikation präsentiert die Ergebnisse der archäologischen Untersuchungen der Vindonissa-Professur (Universität Basel), die zwischen 2015 und 2019 in Cornol (Ajoie, Kanton Jura, Schweiz) durchgeführt wurden. Im Mittelpunkt stehen zwei Befunde: ein spätlatènezeitlicher Kultplatz auf dem Paplemont unterhalb des Mont Terri sowie ein früh- bis hochmittelalterlicher Halbkeller bei der Kapelle St. Gilles, rund 250 m nordöstlich davon. Beide Befunde eröffnen neue Einblicke in die sakrale Topographie der Antike und in die mittelalterliche Siedlungslandschaft der Ajoie.

Die Funde vom Paplemont – vor allem Münzen und Fibeln, ergänzt durch wenige Keramik- und Tierknochenreste – belegen eine Nutzung des Ortes von der Spätlatènezeit bis in die römische Kaiserzeit. Sie sprechen für die Interpretation als Kultplatz (locus numinosus), während einzelne Militaria auf eine zeitweilige militärische Präsenz in augusteischer Zeit hinweisen.

Der früh- bis hochmittelalterliche Halbkeller liegt rund 40 m östlich der Kapelle St. Gilles und dürfte als Zehntscheuer genutzt worden sein, bevor er im 12. Jh. aufgegeben wurde. Besonders hervorzuheben ist die dort geborgene hochmittelalterliche überdrehte Ware, die in dieser Publikation  vorgestellt und auch petrographisch untersucht wird.

Mit dem 7. Band der Tübinger SNG (Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum Deutschland) Reihe werden die römischen Provinzmünzen aus Ägypten in der Tübinger Sammlung des Instituts für Klassische Archäologie veröffentlicht. Der Katalog umfasst 1170 Münzen – Prägungen von Augustus bis Diokletian aus Alexandria sowie Gaumünzen –, welche nach neuesten wissenschaftlichen Standards vorgelegt werden.

МОСКВА 2025 Научная подготовка журнала осуществляется Институтом всеобщей истории РАН в сотрудничестве с Государственным Эрмитажем и Московским государственным университетом имени М. В. Ломоносова Международный редакционный совет Председатель акад. РАН М. Б. Пиотровский (Санкт-Петербург) проф. Э. Андерсен (Осло), проф. К. Антонетти (Венеция), проф. Г. Бауэрсок (Принстон), проф. Д. Браунд (Эксетер), проф. А. Брессон (Чикаго), проф. Г.-И. Герке (Фрайбург), акад. РАН Н. Н. Казанский (Санкт-Петербург), проф. Ф. де Каллатай (Брюссель), проф. П. Калльери (Болонья), акад. РАН В. И. Молодин (Новосибирск), акад. РАН В. С. Мясников (Москва), проф. Г. Парцингер (Берлин), проф. Х. Ремесаль Родригес (Барселона), проф. С. Розен (Стокгольм), проф. Ч. Б. Роуз (Филадельфия), проф. Н. Симс-Вильямс (Лондон), проф. П. Функе (Мюнстер), проф. М. Хадзопулос (Афины), проф. А. Ханиотис (Принстон), проф. Ш. Шакед (Иерусалим), проф. Д. Шарпен (Париж) Редакционная коллегия Главный редактор член-корр. РАН А. И. Иванчик (Москва) д. и. н. А. Ю. Алексеев (Санкт-Петербург), к. и. н. И. С. Архипов (ответственный секретарь, Москва), д. и. н. А. О. Большаков (Санкт-Петербург), д. и. н. А. А. Вигасин (Москва), член-корр. РАН Н. П. Гринцер (Москва), к. и. н. М. М. Дандамаева (Санкт-Петербург), д.и.н. А. Е. Демидчик (Санкт-Петербург), к. и. н. А. А. Ильин-Томич (Майнц), д-р Г. М. Кантор (Оксфорд), д. и. н. В. Д. Кузнецов (Москва), к. филол. н. П. Б. Лурье (Санкт-Петербург), к. и. н. Е. В. Ляпустина (Москва), к. и. н. И. А. Макаров (Москва), к. и. н. В. И. Мордвинцева (Москва), к. и. н. А. В. Муравьев (Москва), к. и. н. А. А. Немировский (Москва), д. и. н. А. В. Подосинов (Москва), д. и. н. С. Ю. Сапрыкин (Москва), д. и. н. А. В. Седов (Москва), д.филол.н. М. Г. Селезнёв (Москва), к. филол. н. И. С. Смирнов (Москва), к. и. н. С. В. Смирнов (зам. глав. ред., Москва), д. и. н. А. М. Сморчков (Москва), к. филол. н. С. А. Степанцов (Москва), д. и. н. И. Е. Суриков (Москва), член-корр. РАН И. В. Тункина (Санкт-Петербург) Заведующая редакцией А. В. Иванова

This paper is the first publication of 15 Roman silver coins from burials
of the barbarian population of the Crimean foothills, acquired by N. K. Minko during his archaeological excavations on the Alma River in 1909–1911. Most of the coins (11 pieces) are denarii-pendants (from Hadrian to Maximinus I). They are joined by the antoninianus of Julia Domna, denarii of Geta and Macrinus, and the silvered follis of Licinius I. This set is consistent with the materials from many synchronous Crimean cemeteries.

ITA: I tarì possono essere considerati tra le più prestigiose monete coniate nel Medioevo. Introdotte dagli Arabi durante la loro dominazione della Sicilia e coniate anche da Normanni e Svevi, finirono per essere accettate in tutto il bacino del Mediterraneo. Venivano coniati esemplari di peso variabile, da quelli più pesanti a quelli più leggeri, dal peso di poco sotto al grammo. A causa della varietà ponderale di ogni esemplare è molto probabile che queste monete venivano frazionate per essere spese, non sono infatti rari i ritrovamenti di tarì spezzati o tagliati. In questo lavoro verranno analizzati i dati di 97 frazioni di tarì del periodo normanno e 7 frazioni di tarì coniati a nome di Federico II mediante analisi microscopiche. Si pubblicheranno integralmente le analisi SEM/EDS di 12 frazioni di tarì (coniati a nome di Ruggero I e II, Guglielmo I e II e Tancredi) tutti provenienti da zecche siciliane. Verrà analizzato per intero anche un tarì svevo, battuto a Brindisi durante il regno di Federico II. Dopo aver presentato i dati desunti da queste analisi, grazie all’apporto dell’archeologia sperimentale si cercherà di comprendere con quali arnesi da taglio (o oggetti di fortuna) venivano frazionate queste monete, così da capire se il taglio fosse praticato in zecca o veniva eseguito in modo fortuito prima dell’eventuale compravendita.

ENG: Tarì coins can be considered among the most accepted currency minted in the Middle Ages. Introduced by the Arabs during their domination of Sicily, these coins were also minted by the Normans and Swabians, eventually getting accepted throughout the Mediterranean basin. Specimens of variable weight were coined, ranging from the heaviest to the lightest, weighing just under a gram. Due to the diverse weights of each specimen, it is highly probable that these coins were fractionated for spending; indeed, discoveries of broken or cut tarì coins are not uncommon. This work analyzes data from 97 fractions of Norman period tarì and 7 fractions of tarì coined in the name of Frederick II through microscopic analysis. The SEM/EDS analyses of 12 fractions of tarì (minted in the name of Roger I and II, William I and II, and Tancred) from Sicilian mints will be fully published. Additionally, a Swabian tarì, struck in Brindisi during the reign of Frederick II, will also be thoroughly examined. After presenting the data derived from these analyses, with the contribution of experimental archaeology, an attempt will be made to understand the tools (cutting instruments or makeshift objects) used to fractionate these coins. This aims to determine whether the cutting was practiced in the mint or occurred incidentally before any potential transactions.

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License. It is free to read, download and share on the BAR Digital platform.

This volume provides an overview and synthesis of excavations from 1934 to 2019 at Metchley Roman forts, Birmingham, one of the most extensively investigated Roman military complexes in the midlands.

The first fort of mid-Neronian date may have been occupied by a garrison of around 1,000 auxiliaries. The fort was later enlarged by annexes on three sides. It was succeeded by a military stores depot. After a short abandonment, a smaller Flavian fort was occupied briefly.

The internal buildings of timber-framed construction were well-preserved, including a rare double barrack block, granaries, workshops, the praetorium, stables and store buildings. This volume includes specialist overviews of the small finds, pottery and environmental evidence.

This book has been published with the support of a Historic England publication grant.

Coin issues made with molds (V). Molds found in Zaragoza.
During the month of September 1975, Professor Heinrich Werner Scheer, together with a group of students from the Ruhr University of Buchen (Germany), carried out a private archaeological excavation on the remains of a Villa Rustica located on land near Zaragoza Airport.
In the sewage system of this villa, a large number of moulds for making denarii for the emperors Septimius Severus and Caracalla mainly, as well as numerous crucibles, were found.
Some of these molds appeared at public auctions in Germany between 2018 and 2021, and this article summarizes the information we were able to gather about this discovery.

Cyrenaica was also famous because on its arid land there grew, in a limited area, a magical and mysterious plant, difficult to identify, the σίλφιον, sílphion, silphium, widely used both in cooking and in medicine.
Among the iconographic sources, Cyrenaic silphium is widely documented in the coinage of the time.