Roman Imperial Coins

The specifics of the coin circulation in the area of the the Orlovka (Kartal) hillfort on the Lower Danube (Orlovka village, Odessa Region, Ukraine) in the 1st-3rd centuries A.D. were determined by three factors: the military garrison in the Roman castrum on the “Stone Mountain”; the incorporation of the hillfort (possible the ancient Aliobrix) into the Lower Danube Limes and the province of Mesia/Lower Mesia; the direct neighbors with the tribes of East European Barbaricum. The comparison of the available archaeological and numismatic evidence of the 3rd century from the site with data from antique sites of the northern Black Sea Region and from the Roman Danube provinces allows to suggest that during the rule of Severus Alexander the hillfort was attacked by barbarian (probably, late Sarmatian) tribes. The later coin Onds belong to the post-Roman period.

Reesponsabil de volum/responsible for volume: dr. Ghenadie Sîrbu Secretar de redacţie/editorial secretary: Livia Sîrbu Colegiul de redacţie/Editorial Board Dr. hab. Igor Bruiako (Odesa), dr. Ludmila Bacumenco-Pîrnău (Chişinău), dr. hab. Dumitru Boghian (Târgu Frumos), dr. Roman Croitor (Aix-en-Provence), dr. hab. Valentin Dergaciov (Chişinău), dr. Alexandr Diachenko (Kiev), dr. Vasile Diaconu (Târgu Neamț), dr. Mariana Gugeanu (Iași), prof. dr. hab. Svend Hansen (Berlin), prof. dr. hab. Elke Kaiser (Berlin), dr. Maia Kaşuba (Sankt Petersburg), dr. Sergiu Matveev (Chișinău), prof. dr. hab. Michael Meyer (Berlin), dr. Octavian Munteanu (Chișinău), prof. dr. Eugen Nicolae (Bucureşti), prof. dr. hab. Gheorghe Postică (Chişinău), dr. hab. Eugen Sava (Chişinău), dr. hab. Sergei Skoryi (Kiev), prof. dr. Victor Spinei, membru al Academiei Române (Bucureşti, Iași), prof. dr. Marzena Szmyt (Poznan), dr. Nicolai Telnov (Chişinău), dr. hab. Petr Tolochko, membru al Academiei Naţionale de Ştiinţe a Ucrainei (Kiev), dr. Vlad Vornic (Chişinău), dr. Aurel Zanoci (Chișinău).

This article reexamines the terminology and classification of the so-called “Barbarous Radiates” - irregular antoniniani minted during the Roman Empire’s Third Century Crisis. Through an etymological and historiographical review of prior scholarship, the author critiques the continued use of the term “barbarous,” contending that it imposes outdated cultural assumptions on coinage largely produced within Roman borders. In place of “Barbarous Radiate,” Monge Calvo proposes the neutral term “Irregular Antoninianus” as a broader, contextually flexible category encompassing all unofficial radiate-type imitations, regardless of geographic or chronological boundaries. The study introduces a new tripartite classification—Types A, B, and C—corresponding to distinct phases of crisis and debasement between ca. 235 and 284 CE. By integrating linguistic, chronological, and typological evidence, the article provides a basic framework for understanding the complex social and economic dynamics behind irregular coin production, emphasizing its value as a barometer of historiographical interest, imperial fragmentation, and economic change during one of the most chaotic periods in Roman history.

This research focuses on a study and publication of a collection of Alexandrian and Roman coins from the period of Septimius Severus's rule, which are currently preserved in the Graeco-Roman Museum in Alexandria. Septimius Severus, a Roman emperor of Phoenician descent, governed the Roman Empire during a time marked by significant historical occurrences, with the coins considered as a reflection of these events. As the inaugural emperor of the Severan dynasty, he reigned from 193 AD to 211 AD. Analysis of this coin collection reveals a variety of coin types utilized during that era. The investigation raises inquiries concerning the specific types portrayed on these coins, the investigation raises several inquiries concerning the coin types portrayed in this collection, including the rationale behind Emperor Septimius Severus' selection of specific types for the Roman coins and others for the Alexandrian coinage. It also scrutinizes the significance of these types, assessing whether these types represent particular historical events or symbolize crucial elements from the era when these coins were minted, as well as the evident Alexandrian influences in this set of coins belonging to Emperor Septimius Severus. The study furnishes interpretations for these inquiries and encompasses an elaborate examination consisting of an overview of this collection, a thorough scrutiny of the denominations, inscriptions, and types present on these coins, along with an analytical catalogue containing measurements, types, and documentation of this collection.

L'attenta revisione della monetazione in argento del V secolo riserva numerosi spunti di riflessione e molte occasioni di approfondimento 1. Nel primo volume dell'anno 2025 di questa rivista, usai queste parole in apertura del mio contributo, e queste sono le medesime parole che mi sento di utilizzare in questa occasione, nella quale proporrò ancora una volta la revisione critica di alcune classificazioni in argento presenti nel RIC X. Le vicende relative a Prisco Attalo possono essere così riassunte per sommi capi: nel 409 ottenne dall'imperatore Onorio (395-423) il ruolo di comes sacrarum largitionum; sempre nel 409 Alarico, re dei Visigoti, occupata la città di Roma, fece di Prisco Attalo un imperatore in opposizione a Onorio, quindi un usurpatore; nell'estate del 410 Prisco Attalo fu deposto dallo stesso Alarico; nel 414 i Visigoti lo nominarono nuovamente imperatore, questa volta in Gallia, sempre in opposizione a Onorio; nel 415 il nuovo re dei Visigoti, Ataulfo, abbandonò la Gallia e l'usurpazione di Prisco Attalo finì di conseguenza. Le emissioni in argento a nome di Prisco Attalo sono quindi evidentemente divise tra Roma, nel primo periodo, e la Gallia, nel secondo. Proprio il secondo periodo restituisce alcuni spunti interessanti perché, come appare evidente, queste emissioni si posizionano sulla sottile linea che divide la monetazione imperiale ufficiale, benché emessa da un usurpatore, da quella imitativa. Il RIC X divide chiaramente queste due monetazioni, e così le monete ufficiali del secondo periodo di Prisco Attalo si trovano ai numeri 1416, un solido in oro, e 1417, una cosiddetta siliqua 2 , ovvero una moneta in argento, entrambe note in un solo esemplare. Della moneta 1417, oggi sono noti non meno di sei esemplari, di cui uno riporta in modo perfettamente leggibile, l'indicazione di zecca in esergo, PSNB 3 , rimandando così senza dubbi alla zecca di Narbonne, peraltro spesso già indicata come sede anche delle successive emissioni imitative. Probabilmente temporalmente precedente rispetto a queste, una moneta non censita nel RIC riporta l'indicazione di Treviri. Altri esemplari della moneta n. 1417 recentemente apparsi permettono inoltre di rivalutare un assunto di Kent presente nel RIC X ADDENDA 2, e di assegnare a questa medesima autorità una serie di monete di per sé identiche a queste, ma riportanti il nome di Onorio, che Kent poneva invece tra le imitative, assegnando loro il numero 3703b 4. La 1 GENNARI 2025. 2 Manterrò in tutto questo contributo nomenclature come siliqua e mezza-siliqua in modo assolutamente non tecnico, ed esclusivamente per un'ormai consolidata convenzione numismatica, consapevole che questi argenti non ebbero mai questo nome nell'antichità, e che l'uso dello stesso tende spesso a complicare un ambito della numismatica già di per sé assai complesso. 3 Le lettere PS a inizio o fine dell'esergo saranno da leggere come pusulatum, in riferimento alla garanzia di purezza dell'argento. Le altre lettere fanno di norma riferimento alla zecca che ha coniato la moneta. 4 Kent assegna ai Visigoti tutte queste monete a nome di Onorio, datandole a circa il 418-423. Si veda anche KENT 1989.

This essay seeks to analyse the Jewish writings of the late George Steiner, a significant literary critic, linguist, theorist, and cultural courier. Steiner was a proud yet conflicted Jew, who constructed a unique theory of Judaism that enabled him to tackle large subjects such as the Holocaust, Zionism, and the disproportionate Jewish presence among the great theorists of modernity. Steiner conceived of Judaism as a text-centric religion that spurns nationalism, territoriality, and ethnic ties in favour of cosmopolitan and transnational ideals, which were imbibed over centuries of exile. This essay both analyses and critiques Steiner's theory of Judaism, and makes two central claims. First, Steiner's Jewish writings are internally consistent, and provide a powerful paradigm through which to tackle the infamous 'Jewish Question'. Second, that the many flaws in Steiner's conception of Judaism-including various omissions, inaccuracies, and outdated paradigms-render his ideational framework untenable.

Archaeological research in Slobozia - Drumul lui Rainea led to the identification of two types of sites. The earliest belongs to the early Bronze Age, the Cernavoda culture. Several ceramic fragments were recovered from a large pit, as well as an impressive quantity of animal bones and shellfish shells. The second discovery is attributed to the second Iron Age, the La Tène period, and consists of 2 tombs, one for inhumation, superimposed by a second tomb for cremation. The discoveries can be seen in the main exhibition of the Giurgiu museum.

On the occasion of the centenary of the discovery of the Beaurains hoard, this paper reviews the ongoing reconstruction of one of the most important finds of Late Antiquity. This important piece of French heritage has recently been enriched by the acquisition of coins from the hoard by the Bibliothèque nationale de France and by the Banque de France. Additionally, previously unrecorded specimens that have surfaced on the market are discussed.

The National Museum of Slovenia has two silver ingots in its collection from the mid-fourth century AD, although unfortunately, they lack information about the context of their discovery. The ingots are in the shape of a double axe-head, which is the commonest form of Late Roman silver ingots. Their weight corresponds to that of a Roman pound. Both feature a stamped portrait of the Roman Emperor Constantius II. In addition to the portrait, one of the ingots has a punched POLIPI inscription and the other two stamped inscriptions that read EOR NKA and EOPTOC / NKA. The XRF analyses have confirmed a 95–98% purity of silver known to have been used in the silver ingot production. Similar ingots were fairly common in the fourth century AD, out of this group, the paper focuses on the extremely rare examples stamped with Imperial portraits.

The National Museum of Slovenia has two silver ingots in its collection from the mid-fourth century AD, although unfortunately, they lack information about the context of their discovery. The ingots are in the shape of a double axe-head, which is the commonest form of Late Roman silver ingots. Their weight corresponds to that of a Roman pound. Both feature a stamped portrait of the Roman Emperor Constantius II. In addition to the portrait, one of the ingots has a punched POLIPI inscription and the other two stamped inscriptions that read EOR NKA and EOPTOC / NKA. The XRF analyses have confirmed a 95–98% purity of silver known to have been used in the silver ingot production. Similar ingots were fairly common in the fourth century AD, out of this group, the paper focuses on the extremely rare examples stamped with Imperial portraits.

The National Museum of Slovenia has two silver ingots in its collection from the mid-fourth century AD, although unfortunately, they lack information about the context of their discovery. The ingots are in the shape of a double axe-head, which is the commonest form of Late Roman silver ingots. Their weight corresponds to that of a Roman pound. Both feature a stamped portrait of the Roman Emperor Constantius II. In addition to the portrait, one of the ingots has a punched POLIPI inscription, and the other two stamped inscriptions that read EOR NKA and EOPTOC / NKA. The XRF analyses have confirmed a 95–98% purity of silver known to have been used in the silver ingot production. Similar ingots were fairly common in the fourth century AD, out of this group, the paper focuses on the extremely rare examples stamped with Imperial portraits.

Neste capítulo, abordamos como Galba, Oto, Vitélio e Vespasiano recorreram à produção numismática para afirmar autoridade em meio à instabilidade política do chamado Ano dos Quatro Imperadores (69 d.C.). Amparados nos conceitos de circularidade cultural (Carlo Ginzburg), propaganda (Ana Teresa Marques Gonçalves) e grupos de chancela do poder (Egon Flaig), demonstramos que as moedas funcionaram como instrumentos centrais de comunicação política entre imperador, Senado, forças militares e plebe urbana. Mostramos que cada governante mobilizou símbolos tradicionais — virtude, vitória militar, segurança, liberdade e paz — reinterpretando-os de acordo com suas necessidades imediatas de legitimação. As iconografias e inscrições monetárias materializaram disputas e negociações, revelando o papel das moedas não apenas como propaganda unilateral, mas como espaço de diálogo simbólico entre governantes e governados. Ao final, evidenciamos como a dinastia flaviana, consolidada por Vespasiano, utilizou a numismática para estabelecer continuidade, garantir estabilidade e projetar a legitimidade dinástica de Tito e Domiciano.

In this chapter, we examine how Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian resorted to numismatic production as a means of articulating authority amidst the political turbulence of the Year of the Four Emperors (69 CE). Engaging with Carlo Ginzburg’s notion of cultural circularity, Ana Teresa Marques Gonçalves’s reflections on propaganda, and Egon Flaig’s theorization of power-sanctioning groups, we contend that coinage operated as a privileged medium of political communication between the emperor, the Senate, the military, and the urban plebs. Each ruler appropriated and reconfigured traditional symbols—virtue, victory, security, liberty, and peace—thereby negotiating legitimacy through visual and textual discourse. Numismatic iconographies thus embodied both contention and accommodation, functioning less as instruments of unilateral imperial propaganda than as loci of symbolic dialogue between governors and governed. Ultimately, we argue that the Flavian dynasty, consolidated under Vespasian, employed numismatic imagery to craft continuity, secure stability, and project the dynastic legitimacy of Titus and Domitian.

The excavations at Stanwick, Northamptonshire, were carried out by Historic England in advance of gravel extraction. Trenching covered over thirty hectares and the resulting assemblage of finds and bioarchaeological material remains the largest archaeological collection from the county. The fieldwork revealed a prehistoric ritual landscape and field systems succeeded by rural settlement dating from the early Iron Age through the Romano-British period. Activity at the villa continued into the fifth century AD. The site produced a nationally significant assemblage of 12 Iron Age and 3,730 Roman coins. This report places this assemblage within its wider landscape context building of the assessment published by the author in Research Report Series 37-2021. This is undertaken utilising a new corpus of almost 500,000 Roman coins recorded from Roman sites across Britain which stemmed from this initial research into the environs of Raunds (Henry, 2023a; Henry, 2024).

The excavations at Stanwick, Northamptonshire, were carried out by Historic England in advance of gravel extraction. Trenching covered over thirty hectares and the resulting assemblage of finds and bioarchaeological material remains the largest archaeological collection from the county. The fieldwork revealed a prehistoric ritual landscape and field systems succeeded by rural settlement dating from the early Iron Age through the Romano-British period. Activity at the villa continued into the fifth century AD. The site produced a nationally significant assemblage of 12 Iron Age and 3,730 Roman coins. This report presents the data, now structured for integration into the future project GIS, and sets outs its potential. It uses studies of selected areas to investigate variation across the site and the changing and evolving patterns of coin loss over time, and discusses wider parallels for the Temenos, constructed over a Bronze Age barrow. The study highlights the potential of these forms of analysis and demonstrate continuity and change within various Landscape Elements defined at the site.

Publia Fulvia Plautilla – cesarzowa rzymska, pierwsza i jedyna małżonka cesarza Karakalli. Była córką wpływowego prefekta pretorianów Gajusza Fulwiusza Plaucjana i jego żony Hortensji. Wiosną 202 r., w trakcie obchodów decennaliów panującego Septymiusza Sewera (9-15 kwietnia, jako 15-letnia poślubiła Karakallę, uzyskując godność augusty. W okresie 202-205 roku n.e. emitowane są monety z przedstawieniem Plautilli: imperialne w Rzymie i prowincjonalne w środkowej i wschodniej części Cesarstwa Rzymskiego.
Cesarzowa prezentowana jest w charakterystycznych fryzurach z kręconymi włosami, spiętymi z tył głowy w mały kok lub opuszczonymi na szyję i upiętymi zapinką lub kokardą.
Emisje prowincjonale Sewerów są najliczniejsze i zostały wyemitowane w wielu ośrodkach, które kontynuowały swoje wielkie tradycje numizmatyczne z okresu autonomicznego albo tylko w tym okresie podjęły jednorazową działalność menniczą. Na połowie z nich pojawia się wizerunek Plautilli. Emisje monetarne Peloponezu są bardzo rzadkie i większości bardzo źle zachowane. Rewersy prezentują bóstwa, np.: Zeusa, Asklepiosa, Hermesa, Dionizosa, Dioskurów i Aresa oraz Artemidę, Tyche, Atenę, Afrodytę, Demeter, Izydę i Herę. Aegira ukazała scenę z Erosem i Tyche. Egina zaprezentowała Hekate Triformis.
Bóstwa rozpoznawalne są po trzymanych w rękach atrybutach.
Prawdopodobnie były to wizerunki rzeźb, z których polis były dumne (np. herma - Egina, posąg na postumencie – Asine, Hermes jako posąg w świątyni – Figaleia, posąg w świątyni - Korkyra).Na emisjach messeńskiej Asine przedstawiono zwiniętego węża. Rzadka jest też scena z postacią męską prowadzącą krowę na linie (np. Hermione w Argolidzie). Wyspa Korkyra zaprezentowała cały ciąg galer i świątyń oraz pegaza.
Znaleziska prowincjonalnych monet Peloponezu z okresu Sewerów dokonywane są również w Lewancie. Wyjaśnieniem tego niezwykłego międzyregionalnego przepływu lokalnych brązowych monet jest to, że były one tam przewożone jako kieszonkowe przez peloponeskich żołnierzy, których w 214/5 roku Karakalla zwerbował do swojej „greckiej falangi”, aby walczyć z Partami podczas kampanii wschodniej.

Con il patrocinio di Mostra promossa e prodotta da Prodotto cofinanziato dall'Università degli Studi di Padova nel quadro del programma World Class Research Infrastructures (WCRI) -SYCURI: SYnergic strategies for CUltural heritage at Risk e dal Dipartimento dei Beni Culturali: Archeologia, Storia dell'Arte, del Cinema e della Musica nell'ambito del progetto di Sviluppo dipartimentale Trasformazioni del patrimonio culturale: letture storiche attraverso l'analisi interdisciplinare Con il contributo di

Coins not only have an ancient history, but a modern one as well. Two men in the early twentieth century, Samuel Pozzi and Fenerly Bey, had important collections of ancient coins that have filtered down to present-day collectors. These prominent men were teachers of medicine and students of numismatics, alike in their vocations and avocations. From Paris and Constantinople in the early 1900s, their collections were dispersed under unusual circumstances.

Digital Numismatics (hereinafter DN) has become
a field characterized by dynamically developing tools and research
databases which has created an entirely new research environment.
The number of operating products is impressive, and the topic
of the user perspective on their actual implementation in the
research has become significant. As a result, questions such
as the following need to be addressed: how are the new tools
changing the workflow? is there a quantifiable added value of the
digital environment? is there a threat of data distortion? and how
important is the previous professional numismatic experience of
the user? This paper aims to present DN from the user perspective
based on the experience of both authors with two mints from
Thrace, namely Apollonia Pontica and Pautalia. These examples
allow observations on Greek and Roman numismatics in a region
which is proactively being addressed by multiple digital projects.

ISBN Сборник статей посвящен 65-летию известного немецкого археолога доктора Эрдмуте Шультце, много лет исследовавшей древности Восточной Европы, а также 20-летию Германо-Славянской археологической экспедиции Харьковского национального университета имени В. Н. Каразина. Коллективный труд содержит статьи, затрагивающие различные проблемы археологии позднеримского времени и начала Великого переселения народов в Центральной и Восточной Европе. Для специалистов, студентов и всех интересующихся прошлым. В оформлении обложки использованы: фрагмент карты Северной Европы XVI в. Олафа Магнуса Carta Marina (© Uppsala University Library); рисунки сосудов из погребения 117 могильника Войтенки, Валковский р-н, Харьковская область (© ГСАЭ ХНУ) © УИЛ ГСАЭ ХНУ имени В. Н. Каразина © Авторы статей Редакционная коллегия Ostrogothica-Serie: Bände

Between 2018 and 2019, an archaeological excavation near the early Christian Basilica of San Vittore al Corpo in Milan brought to light two mass graves in which more than 130 corpses were buried. One of the skeletons was discovered with a hoard alongside his body which comprised a gold florin of Philip I of Habsburg issued in Antwerpen (1500–1506) and thirteen silver coins, struck in the same period in numerous mints located between Flanders (Philip I and Charles V) and France (Charles VIII and Louis XII). These coins are either exceptional or else very rare in the context of money circulation in sixteenth-century Milan. The tombs probably housed the victims of an epidemic who were quickly buried, perhaps out of fear of contagion, as suggested by the fact that other skeletons were also found with small change struck by the mint of Milan or other nearby mints; these were identifiable as the content of people’s pockets at the time of their death, or else belonged to clothing or everyday items, such as belt buckles, brooches, and finger rings. The foreign nature of the Flanders and French coins makes it reasonable to hypothesize that their original owner probably came from these areas (was he a merchant? Or a soldier? A diplomat? Or perhaps a pilgrim?) and that he suddenly died in Milan due to the spread of a contagious illness that also affected the other people who were buried in the same mass graves.

In 2019, a large hoard of radiates was discovered near Varzi (PV – Northern Italy). It consisted of 1308 coins, dated between the times of Gallienus and Aurelian (based on a preliminary analysis). The specimens from the hoard are in a poor state of preservation, probably due to the lack of a ceramic vessel to preserve them from direct contact with the ground. This is confirmed by the absence of any ceramic fragments in association with the find. The new hoard has increased the (already extensive) evidence for hoards buried in the area during the second half of the third century ad, some of which were even larger than the Varzi hoard itself (Grumello Cremonese, Ceretto Lomellina, Ottobiano, etc.). The restoration of a part of the coins within this hoard has formed part of a dissertation project on conservation and restoration developed at the University of Bologna. The aim of the project was to experiment with different techniques in order to achieve effective results in the reading and conservation of coins with a low silver content.

This article focuses on circulation patterns, which do not apply equally to all types of Roman Republican coins in the Imperial period – visually different coins, such as the denarii serrati, were hoarded differently in some regions of the Roman Empire, especially in Great Britain. In the first part of this article, the composition of hoards from Italy is compared with the structure of hoards from the Central European Limes region, and the differences in recycling, or rather the transfer of the coins and their later recycling, are discussed. In the second part, the circulation behaviour, and differences in hoarding of denarii serrati are examined in more detail and presented as a case study.

The paper illustrates the numismatic activity of the Venetian collector Apostolo Zeno (1668-1750), based in particular on two hitherto unpublished sources: the catalogues of his coins, written by Zeno himself, and parts of his letters that concern the purchase of ancient coins.

The following presents a group of Roman bronze coins issued during the fourth century AD, which were later repurposed by engraving a large–sized Roman numeral on their reverses. Similar engravings also occur on two Roman provincial coins of the principate as well as on a handful of Roman tesserae from the fourth century, which are presented here for completeness as they are relatable to the same conversion pattern and phenomenon.
It should be noted in advance that the incised coins and tesserae recorded here have been in museum or private collections since at least the nineteenth century (where known), or have recently surfaced on the market. Since their find-spots are unknown, dating and analysing the engravings cannot rely on any archaeological context data, and must by necessity be based on other methods. This paper aims to explore the reuse of these objects in the late Roman period through a comparative approach, and provides some thoughts on the purpose, context, and meaning of their uncommon numeral marks.
The contribution is divided into four parts: the first gives a presentation of the materials and summarises their status quaestionis; an identification of the coin series to which these pieces formerly belonged is proposed in the second part through analysis of the types displayed on their obverses; the third section deals with the numeral incisions on the reverses and identifies the specimens which form part of the same ensemble; finally, a possible affiliation of the numeral marks and their inherent purpose is suggested in the fourth part. A catalogue including all specimens available to date is provided at the end of the contribution.

RESUMEN En una sociedad patriarcal como lo era la romana, extraña era la vez en que las mujeres salían del anonimato y tenían un lugar en la vida pública. En el marco histórico del siglo II y III d.C., se encuadra la existencia de cuatro mujeres sirias, de la misma familia: la del emperador. Su influencia es iniciada mediante un programa propagandístico, destinado a garantizar la legitimidad de la dinastía de los Severos. La presencia de estas mujeres, Julia Domna, Julia Maesa, Julia Soemias y Julia Mamaea, fue haciéndose más visible con el devenir de los años. En una época en que el poder estaba sustentado por la fuerza del ejército, se hacía necesario crear un paradigma común para civiles y militares. Las Augustas ostentarán repetidamente, entre otros, los títulos de Mater Castrorum y Mater Senatus et Patriae¸ de forma que la legitimación de su poder llegaba a todos los sectores sociales. Estas emperatrices sirias intervinieron en la religión, en el campo militar, en la administra...

Centre d'étude et de publication des trouvailles monétaires (Paris). Auteur du texte. Trésors monétaires. 12 / Bibliothèque nationale, [Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques, Centre d'étude et de publication des trouvailles monétaires] ; [textes rassemblés et édités par Jean-Baptiste Giard]. 1991. 1/ Les contenus accessibles sur le site Gallica sont pour la plupart des reproductions numériques d'oeuvres tombées dans le domaine public provenant des collections de la BnF. Leur réutilisation s'inscrit dans le cadre de la loi n°78-753 du 17 juillet 1978 : -La réutilisation non commerciale de ces contenus ou dans le cadre d'une publication académique ou scientifique est libre et gratuite dans le respect de la législation en vigueur et notamment du maintien de la mention de source des contenus telle que précisée ci-après : « Source gallica.bnf.fr / Bibliothèque nationale de France » ou « Source gallica.bnf.fr / BnF ». -La réutilisation commerciale de ces contenus est payante et fait l'objet d'une licence. Est entendue par réutilisation commerciale la revente de contenus sous forme de produits élaborés ou de fourniture de service ou toute autre réutilisation des contenus générant directement des revenus : publication vendue (à l'exception des ouvrages académiques ou scientifiques), une exposition, une production audiovisuelle, un service ou un produit payant, un support à vocation promotionnelle etc.

Bibliothèque nationale de France. Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques. Auteur du texte. Trésors monétaires. XV, 1995 / Bibliothèque nationale de France, [Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques] ; [textes rassemblés et éd. par Michel Amandry]. 1996.

Nous avons insisté à diverses reprises sur l'originalité du programme iconographique développé sous Gallien par l'atelier monétaire de Siscia. Originalité toute relative, car en réalité l'atelier pannonien, ouvert à la fin de l'année 263 3 , a souvent fait appel à des sources plus anciennes, essentiellement sévériennes 4 . Le type le plus extraordinaire apparu ces dernières années sur le marché numismatique 5 représente un éléphant mené par un cornac. Les collectionneurs ont bien compris l'importance de cette monnaie, dont le prix de vente a atteint en 2006 un record, du moins à l'époque, pour un antoninien de Gallien 6 . Depuis lors, un deuxième exemplaire est apparu sur le marché, confirmant l'authenticité du premier. Si le type en question n'a jamais été publié et commenté en détail, cette nouvelle monnaie a cependant été illustrée à plusieurs reprises ; elle n'est donc pas totalement inconnue des chercheurs 7 .

The archaeological site Rapoltu Mare-La Vie is located in the western part of Dacia Province, on a high terrace, situated on the right side of the Mureş River, the main road to the west of the Roman Empire. The systematic archaeological research undertaken here from the summer of 2013 revealed a series of traces of anthropogenic activities from prehistory to modern times. Of these, the Roman period was the most extensive, thanks to a villa which once stood on this terrace, built during the second and the third centuries AD, having passed through several phases of construction. The archaeological sections excavated so far have focused on a complex of buildings associatedwith the gate on the southern side of the villa, as well as one of the central buildings of this settlement. Among the artefacts discovered within the Roman levels are six fibulae, their typology and peculiarities being important elements for determining the chronological evolution of the settlement.

Il testo dà conto delle attività svolte dalla Direzione regionale Musei della Liguria nel sito archeologico di Luni tra il 2020 e il 2022 mostrando come, nonostante la pandemia, si sia lavorato intensamente a vari progetti. Alcuni, come la copertura della domus degli affreschi, sono stati completati, altri, come il nuovo allestimento museale, sono in corso d'opera. Accanto a questi grandi interventi, tanti minori ne sono stati realizzati per permettere la fruizione a distanza e per migliorare quella in presenza, cercando di ripartire equamente le energie tra ricerca e valorizzazione. Parole chiave: Museo di Luni, valorizzazione, domus degli affreschi

Catalogue of the 221 coins in the W.K. Lacey collection, kept by the Discipline of Classical Studies and Ancient History at the University of Auckland. Copyright © RNSNZ and the contributing editors, 2025.  This work is freely distributable in electronic form and is not
intended for sale or resale, either electronically or in hard form. Please acknowledge the RNSNZ when sharing. https://www.rnsnz.org.nz/collector-info/catalogues/

МОСКВА 2025 Научная подготовка журнала осуществляется Институтом всеобщей истории РАН в сотрудничестве с Государственным Эрмитажем и Московским государственным университетом имени М. В. Ломоносова Международный редакционный совет Председатель акад. РАН М. Б. Пиотровский (Санкт-Петербург) проф. Э. Андерсен (Осло), проф. К. Антонетти (Венеция), проф. Г. Бауэрсок (Принстон), проф. Д. Браунд (Эксетер), проф. А. Брессон (Чикаго), проф. Г.-И. Герке (Фрайбург), акад. РАН Н. Н. Казанский (Санкт-Петербург), проф. Ф. де Каллатай (Брюссель), проф. П. Калльери (Болонья), акад. РАН В. И. Молодин (Новосибирск), акад. РАН В. С. Мясников (Москва), проф. Г. Парцингер (Берлин), проф. Х. Ремесаль Родригес (Барселона), проф. С. Розен (Стокгольм), проф. Ч. Б. Роуз (Филадельфия), проф. Н. Симс-Вильямс (Лондон), проф. П. Функе (Мюнстер), проф. М. Хадзопулос (Афины), проф. А. Ханиотис (Принстон), проф. Ш. Шакед (Иерусалим), проф. Д. Шарпен (Париж) Редакционная коллегия Главный редактор член-корр. РАН А. И. Иванчик (Москва) д. и. н. А. Ю. Алексеев (Санкт-Петербург), к. и. н. И. С. Архипов (ответственный секретарь, Москва), д. и. н. А. О. Большаков (Санкт-Петербург), д. и. н. А. А. Вигасин (Москва), член-корр. РАН Н. П. Гринцер (Москва), к. и. н. М. М. Дандамаева (Санкт-Петербург), д.и.н. А. Е. Демидчик (Санкт-Петербург), к. и. н. А. А. Ильин-Томич (Майнц), д-р Г. М. Кантор (Оксфорд), д. и. н. В. Д. Кузнецов (Москва), к. филол. н. П. Б. Лурье (Санкт-Петербург), к. и. н. Е. В. Ляпустина (Москва), к. и. н. И. А. Макаров (Москва), к. и. н. В. И. Мордвинцева (Москва), к. и. н. А. В. Муравьев (Москва), к. и. н. А. А. Немировский (Москва), д. и. н. А. В. Подосинов (Москва), д. и. н. С. Ю. Сапрыкин (Москва), д. и. н. А. В. Седов (Москва), д.филол.н. М. Г. Селезнёв (Москва), к. филол. н. И. С. Смирнов (Москва), к. и. н. С. В. Смирнов (зам. глав. ред., Москва), д. и. н. А. М. Сморчков (Москва), к. филол. н. С. А. Степанцов (Москва), д. и. н. И. Е. Суриков (Москва), член-корр. РАН И. В. Тункина (Санкт-Петербург) Заведующая редакцией А. В. Иванова

A recently published inscription from Lycian Oinoanda provides interesting material for the civic life in this town and a member of a leading family: Lucius Septimius Flavianus Flavillianus. The peculiarities of his nomenclature indicate an individual admittance of his family to Roman citizenship during the early years of Emperor Septimius Severus. If we take our information concerning the life of Flavillianus it was not him, but his father who earned the citizenship for the family. This act may be connected with the civil war against Niger and special role the Lycian koinon played during this period.

Coin issues made with molds (V). Molds found in Zaragoza.
During the month of September 1975, Professor Heinrich Werner Scheer, together with a group of students from the Ruhr University of Buchen (Germany), carried out a private archaeological excavation on the remains of a Villa Rustica located on land near Zaragoza Airport.
In the sewage system of this villa, a large number of moulds for making denarii for the emperors Septimius Severus and Caracalla mainly, as well as numerous crucibles, were found.
Some of these molds appeared at public auctions in Germany between 2018 and 2021, and this article summarizes the information we were able to gather about this discovery.

During the 3rd century AD, Roman emperors developed an enhanced military representation that was related to the particular context of the period and the role of troops in legitimising imperial power. Their public image changed to that of a militarised portrait, not only in their facial expressions and depictions in literary sources but also in their costumes. In this paper, we analyse the adoption of military clothing by third-century AD emperors, focusing on the reflection of this phenomenon in numismatics, sculpture, and written sources. We determine that from Caracalla onwards, Augusti incorporated the long-sleeved tunic, trousers, and paludamentum-sagum into their public costume to connect themselves to the troops, a process that is difficult to trace but which is clearly visible on some sculptures, especially during the Tetrarchy.

Cyrenaica was also famous because on its arid land there grew, in a limited area, a magical and mysterious plant, difficult to identify, the σίλφιον, sílphion, silphium, widely used both in cooking and in medicine.
Among the iconographic sources, Cyrenaic silphium is widely documented in the coinage of the time.

La Cattedra di Numismatica dell’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano ha avviato da alcuni anni un progetto complessivo di individuazione, raccolta dati e studio dei ritrovamenti monetali dagli scavi archeologici milanesi, comprendente non solo il recupero del pregresso (edito e inedito), ma essendo anche attivamente coinvolta dalla Soprintendenza competente nell’analisi dei reperti rinvenuti nelle indagini in corso. Tra l’ingente quantitativo di materiali finora raccolti, pari a 3.604 monete, ne figurano 81 intenzionalmente frazionate. Tale fenomeno, spesso discusso dagli studiosi che si sono occupati di ritrovamenti monetali da Milano, non era ancora stato analizzato né complessivamente, allo scopo di valutarne l’effettiva incidenza rispetto allo stock circolante nelle diverse fasi storiche, né alla luce dei dati ricavabili dai contesti di provenienza dei singoli esemplari, così da stimarne la durata in circolazione prima dello smarrimento/deposizione e, dunque, di ricostruirne per quanto possibile le forme d’uso. In questo modo si è pertanto cercato di valorizzare non solo la dicotomia esistente tra le date di emissione e di smarrimento/deposizione di ciascun pezzo, ma anche un terzo fattore, vale a dire il momento in cui è avvenuta l’operazione di taglio, per certi versi ancor più sfuggente rispetto alle prime due.

The Chair of Numismatics at the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Milan has, for several years, been conducting a comprehensive project aimed at identifying, collecting data, and studying coin finds from Milanese archaeological excavations. This initiative not only involves the recovery of previously analyzed and unpublished materials but also actively collaborates with the competent Soprintendenza in the analysis of artefacts uncovered during ongoing investigations. Among the substantial quantity of materials collected thus far – amounting to 3,604 coins – 81 have been intentionally cut into two or more pieces. This phenomenon, frequently discussed by scholars studying coin finds from Milan, had not yet been analyzed in a comprehensive manner, assessing its prevalence within the circulating stock across different historical phases. Neither considering the data derived from the contexts of the individual specimens’ discovery, estimating the duration of circulation before loss or deposition, and, where possible, reconstructing its modes of use. In this way, the study seeks to highlight not only the dichotomy between the dates of emission and loss/deposition of each piece but also a third, even more elusive factor: the moment when the coins were cut.

Gli estesi scavi condotti fra il 1982 e il 1985 a Genova, presso la collina di Castello, hanno portato alla luce una complessa stratificazione archeologica la cui cronologia è compresa tra il V secolo a.C. e il Cinquecento. Tra il materiale rinvenuto si contano 105 monete, di cui ben 68 di età repubblicana frazionate a metà (9 ess.), a un terzo (27 ess.), a un quarto (30 ess.) e a un sesto (2 ess.) del tondello originario. Il ritrovamento genovese, relativamente poco noto nel dibattito sul frazionamento monetale, era stato parzialmente pubblicato da Marco Biagini e da Ermanno Arslan. Da parte mia, dopo aver ricostituito l’unitarietà del complesso, conservato in diverse sedi, ho realizzato una rinnovata schedatura delle monete e la loro documentazione fotografica completa, nonché effettuato un approfondimento specifico sul numerario frazionato e riesaminato il rinvenimento integrandolo con i dati ricavabili dalla stratigrafia del sito. Nella parte conclusiva del contributo, ho provato a fornire spunti per comprendere per quale motivo tale altissimo quantitativo di moneta frazionata giacesse nel deposito archeologico della collina di Castello. Tra le ipotesi considerate, la possibilità che le monete fossero parte di un ripostiglio, nascosto o disperso nell’area, oppure di accumuli di altra natura, senza escludere che la loro presenza sia conseguenza di uno scarto intenzionale.

Excavations conducted between 1982 and 1985 in Genova, Collina di Castello, brought to light an archaeological stratification datable from the fifth century B.C. to the sixteenth century. Among the artefacts, 105 coins were found. 68 Republican specimens were cut into two (9 specs.), three (27 specs.), four (30 specs.) and six (2 specs.) pieces. The find from Genova, relatively little known among scholars, has been partially published by Marco Biagini and Ermanno Arslan. I have therefore recently reconstituted the unity of the complex, conserved in different locations, proceeded to a renewed inventory with a complete photographic campaign, conducted a specific study of the cut coins, and re-examined the findings in synergy with the site’s stratigraphic data. In the conclusions of my paper, I tried to understand why this large quantity of cut coins laid in the strata of the Collina di Castello. Among the hypotheses considered was the possibility that the coins were part of a hoard, hidden or dispersed in the area, or accumulations of other nature, without excluding the possibility that their presence was the consequence of an intentional waste.

Rather than simply using the date when a coin was struck to provide a terminus post quem, wear is used as an indicator of how long coins remained in use before their loss to circulation. In the fifth century, coins struck in the fourth century were clipped or abraded to conform to the weight module of newly struck coins. Having had significant value and were rarely lost to circulation in the 4 th to early 6 th century but inflation during the mid-sixth century meant that small denomination copper alloy coins ceased to be struck and they were lost in large numbers. These principles were applied to the coins found in contexts with the lamps of four generations of Athenian lamp makers to understand more precisely when the lamps were deposited. The lamp generations help to date the pottery types found with them. The Athenian Agora excavations have been central in the creation of ceramic chronologies and the refinements offered have important consequences for how we understand the economy of the late Roman and post-Roman Europe from York to Dura Europos.

El fraccionamiento monetario es un proceso de alteración de las monedas tras su puesta en circulación que parece
haberse producido en diversas etapas y como respuesta a diferentes motivos. Su análisis se ha enfocado durante años desde
una perspectiva que examinaba el taller de procedencia, la fecha de emisión y la metrología de la pieza. En un primer momento,
el fenómeno de la partición en Hispania se vinculó con circuitos económicos urbanos, pero actualmente sabemos que donde se
recurrió más frecuentemente a la partición fue en los establecimientos militares republicanos y altoimperiales.En contextos más
tardíos la identificación de las monedas partidas se complica por el acusado desgaste de las piezas manipuladas o, también,
por su deficiente conservación o necesidad de restauración. A pesar de estos y otros inconvenientes, como la escasa visibilidad
de este tipo de monedas en las publicaciones apuntan a una continuada y mayor incidencia de esta manipulación monetaria en
aquellas comarcas todavía monetizadas, como es el caso de las ciudades portuarias, pontuarias o enclaves viarios que en no
pocos casos coinciden con sedes episcopales.

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki analizy zabytków numizmatycznych odkrytych w latach 2023–2024 na terenie Zamku Królewskiego na Wawelu, w obrębie rejonów archeologicznych: II, VII i VIII. Prezentowany zbiór obejmuje monety bite od XV aż po XX wiek. Badania wykazały, że najliczniejszą grupę stanowią monety nowożytne, w tym Szelągi tzw. „boratynki” z okresu panowania Jana Kazimierza (73%). Wyniki wskazują również, że zastosowanie detektorów metali i nowych metod eksploracyjnych pozytywnie przekłada się na wzrost liczby odkrywanych zabytków numizmatycznych. Pozyskany materiał numizmatyczny pozwala na rekonstrukcję historii gospodarczej i społecznej wawelskiego wzgórza.

Mersin Müzesinde 2006 yılının temmuz ayında yapmış olduğum staj süresi boyunca sikke envanteri, etütlük sikkelerin temizlenmesi, fotoğraflanması, konusunda çalışmalar yaptım. Ayrıca 2007 Ağustos ayı boyunca yapmış olduğumuz Side kazısında sikkelerin temizlenmesi ve envanterlenmesi konusunda çalışma yapmış olmam benim sikke alanında çalışmama en büyük etken oldu ve böylelikle tezime Keraitae sikkelerini AKMED Müdürü Kayhan Dörtlük ve sayın hocam Öğr. Gör. Süleyman Bulut ile belirleyerek başladım. Tezimin hazırlanması aşamasında yardımlarından dolayı danışman hocam Öğr. Gör. Süleyman Bulut'a, bu konuyu bana öneren ve çalışmalarımda yol gösteren AKMED Müdürü Kayhan Dörtlük'e ve Arkeolog Remziye Boyraz'a ve sikke alanında yanında staj yaptığım Mersin Müzesinde görevli hocam Uzman Arkeolog Yaşar Ünlü'ye, bana üniversite hayatım boyunca desteğini esirgemeyen Emine ve Yusuf Arık'a teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Her şeyden önemlisi bana maddi manevi destek olan ve hep yanımda olan babam Mustafa Akış ve annem Elife Akış'a kardeşlerim Ziya ve Yurdanur Akış'a teşekkür ederim.

During the rescue archaeological investigations between 2019-2020 at the future southern bypass road of Timişoara, 139 Sarmatian graves were unveiled and documented. Twenty of these graves have provided 20 Roman imperial denarii, 1 coin per grave. The present paper is cataloguing this numismatic evidence and presents conclusions following and a comparative analysis carried out on three levels: i. the coin position in connection to the skeleton; ii. the analysis of coin and the associated funerary inventory; iii. analysing these graves with similar discoveries from other necropolises from the Pannonian Plain. The approach is carried out in order to establish general and specific patterns of the meaning of placing Roman coins in Sarmatian graves. If clearly a consequence of the close vicinity of the Roman Empire -the custom did not make it to the Eastern Sarmatians -, the coinage frequency and symbolism within the western Sarmatian environment suggest a specific interpretatio Sarmatica Occidentalis -pars pro toto.

This article represents a comparative examination of two early Byzantine hoards discovered in the Veles region. The latest coins in these hoards belong to the 572/73 coin issue. The reason for their concealment was probably related to the immediate danger of a war, a characteristics shared by virtually all hoards deposited in the 6th century.

The number of Roman Republican coins discovered in the PrutNistru area is extremely small, and the recorded items are mostly uncertain as regards the discovery site and conditions. Museums in the Republic of Moldova do not currently have any Roman Republican coins found in the Prut-Nistru interfluve. In this context, the recent discovery in Cajba (Glodeni district) of a Roman denarius issued under L. Plautius Plancus in 47 BC is of a particular value. This article proposes a catalogue of both certain and uncertain Roman Republican items discovered in the Prut-Nistru area, followed by an analysis of coins similar to the coin discovered in Cajba to the north of the Lower Danube, and the XRF analysis confirms the authenticity of the item concerned in the context of the historiographical discussions regarding the large number of Dacian imitations of the Roman Republican denarii. Thus, the coin from Cajba completes the batch of items of Roman origin, called ‘relics’ or ‘anachronistic items’.