Roman Limes

Interdisciplinary integration of geographical, historical, archaeological, linguistic and art studies of natural-anthropogenic geosystems and their components is the fundamental basis for reconstructing the historic-geographical evolution of regions. This is a very complex, but extremely important scientific problematic, the development of which became possible as a result of the accumulation of a colossal array of diverse studies in different disciplines over the past centuries and the rapid digitalization of the research base (the objects and tools themselves) at present. The application of this approach to the study of the famous Trajan’s Walls, unique ancient, but very poorly studied structures in the North-Western Black Sea region, an important component of the Roman Limes, recognized as one of the largest monuments of world heritage, gave remarkable and largely unexpected scientific and practical results. In the lower reaches of the Botna river (the right tributary of the Dniester), at the junction of the northeastern section of the Upper Trajan’s Wall and the north-western part of the Lower Dniester (Snake) Wall, a powerful fortification complex was discovered, built in the first centuries of our era. It turned out to be the most important component of the landscape structure of the historic-geographical region. Its formation and development had a huge impact on the ethnosocial, economic and cultural processes that took place in ancient times, became the basis of the regional settlement system, transport and infrastructure framework, unique toponymic landscape, which largely preserve to this day. The complex unites numerous attractions, heritage monuments that need preservation, further in-depth research, and popularization.

Междисциплинарная интеграция географических, исторических, археологических, лингвистических, искусствоведческих исследований природно-антропогенных геосистем и их компонентов – фундаментальная основа реконструкции историко-географической эволюции регионов. Это весьма сложная, но чрезвычайно важная научная проблематика, развитие которой стало возможным в результате накопления колоссального массива разносторонних отраслевых исследований на протяжении предыдущих столетий и стремительной цифровизации исследовательской базы (самих объектов и инструментария) в настоящее время. Применение такого подхода при изучении знаменитых Траяновых валов, уникальных древних, но очень слабоизученных сооружений в Северо-Западном Причерноморье, важной составной части Римского Лимеса, признанного одним из крупнейших памятников всемирного наследия, дало примечательные и во многом неожиданные научно-практические результаты. В низовьях Ботны (правого притока р. Днестр), на стыке северо-восточного участка Верхнего Траянова вала и северо-западной части Нижнеднестровского (Змеёвого) вала выявлен сооружённый в первых веках нашей эры мощный фортификационный комплекс, ставший важнейшим компонентом ландшафтной структуры историко-географического региона. Его формирование и развитие оказало огромное влияние на протекавшие в древности этносоциальные, экономические и культурологические процессы, стало основой региональной системы расселения, транспортно-инфраструктурного каркаса, уникального топонимического ландшафта, во многом сохраняющихся до сих пор. Комплекс объединяет многочисленные достопримечательности, памятники наследия, нуждающиеся в сохранении, дальнейших углублённых исследованиях, популяризации.

A set of just over 50 clay Late Roman lamps, all discovered at Histria, Romania during excavations conducted between the two World Wars and in the 1950s, forms the documentary basis of this study. Of these, twenty-nine were previously published by Emilian Popescu, while the rest remain unpublished. The re-identification of the entire assemblage of lighting objects studied by E. Popescu, currently housed in the repository of the 'Vasile Pârvan' Institute of Archaeology of the Romanian Academy of Sciences (IAVP, Bucharest), offers a fresh opportunity to reassess these artefacts and bring them to light in a new publication. Far from being redundant or, from this perspective, obsolete, this study aims to recover and contextualize discoveries previously thought to be lost, integrating key findings into the evolving framework of ceramic production in Scythia. Research on Late Roman lamps from Scythia and Histria has expanded significantly in recent decades. By reassessing this corpus, the paper aligns with and builds upon these scholarly efforts, shedding new light on the role of clay lamps within the broader context of Late Roman material culture.

Constructions on villa settlements, especially the main buildings, were decorated from the outside with sculptures made of natural stone, while the interiors were decorated with wall paintings, floors made of stone slabs, and, in one case, even with a floor mosaic. In this section, the results of a survey of this material are presented, focusing on the collection of the National Museum of Antiquities (Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, RMO). Although most of

The article surveys the emergence of community archaeology and the skyrocketing of civil initiatives in the last years in the collection area of the Hanság Museum and the various ways in which the institution, based in Mosonmagyaróvár, collaborates with the public.

This article has been published in Visitor Experiences and Audiences for the Roman Frontiers, BAR S3066 edited by Nigel Mills, published by BAR Publishing (Oxford, 2021). This version is free to view and download for personal use only. It cannot be reproduced in any form without permission of the publisher. To order this book online please visit: www.barpublishing.com

We publish a collection of glass vessels originating from a burial ground of the 1st—2nd centuries AD, excavated in the vicinity of Kerch. We discuss their assortment, chronology, and role in the funerary rite. A characteristic feature of the funerary rite is the predominance of perfume vessels in children’s burials, i. e. balsamaria of various sizes, and almost complete
absence of tableware, characteristic mainly of male graves. The planigraphic distribution of burials with glass vessels in burial mound 2 allows us to identify, preliminarily, two stages of their circulation here: the early one, when all of them were probably still imported from afar, and the later one, reflecting the wider spread of glassware in the region — including, possibly, local production, by the late 1st century AD. The predominance of vessels, which spread widely on the Bosporus towards
the late 1st — early 2nd century, suggests that the formation of some elements of the burial rite associated with the use of glass vessels as grave goods could be directly related to the beginning of their wide circulation in the region.
Open access is avalaible at: https://www.e-anthropology.com/Katalog/Arheologia/STM_DWL_7oQ1_iYqO27xjrP2y.aspx

A Pécs-Lapison nyilvántartott késő római kori őrtorony a Baranya vármegyei római kori villagazdaságok tájrégészeti kutatása kapcsán került homloktérbe, hiszen elhelyezkedése és a térség úthálózatában játszott szerepe jelentős lehetett, így támpontként szolgálhatott a mecseki átkelőhelyek, közlekedési folyosók vizsgálatában. Pontos lokalizálása ezen felül lehetőséget adott a térinformatikai alapokon nyugvó elemzésekre is, így a Sopianaeból kiinduló lehetséges útnyomvonalak vizsgálatára, és a Mecsek-hegység egykori tájhasználatára.

The late Roman watchtower found at Pécs-Lapis gained prominence in connection with the landscape archaeological research of Roman villa estates in Baranya County. Its location and potential role in the region's road network may have been significant, thus serving as a reference point for examining Mecsek mountain passes and transportation corridors. Moreover, its precise localization provided an opportunity for analyses based on geographic information systems, including the study of potential routes originating from Sopianae and the former land use of the Mecsek Mountains.

Az 1526-as mohácsi csata szempontjából marginális kérdésnek tűnhet a térség antik viszonyainak bemutatása, ugyanakkor a római határvédelmi rendszer és úthálózat feltérképezése támpontokat adhat a későbbi időszakokra, így a török korra gyakorolt hatásuk vizsgálatában is. A témát tekintve, a nagyjából Mohács-Eszék közti területen számos új kutatási eredmény született az elmúlt évtizedekben, amelyek ide vonatkozó ismertetésén túl olyan kérdésekre helyezem a hangsúlyt, amelyekben a római kori példák a Duna egykori vízrajzának és változásának, valamint a kapcsolódó úthálózat és közlekedési folyosók állandóságának megértését segíthetik.

In order to include a part of the Danube Limes on the Tentative List of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, the Institute of Archaeology in Zagreb started research along the Danube river in the area from Vukovar to Ilok (Vukovar – Syrmian County, Croatia) since 2020 financially supported by the Ministry of Culture and Media of the Republic of Croatia. The study area is the elevated right bank of the Danube, which in the form of a loess plateau rises from 50 to 70 m above the river, and represented the north-eastern border of the Roman Empire. The research began with field surveys and a review of previously published data on Roman sites in the area. Two fortresses with military units are known – Sotin (Cornacum) and Ilok (Cuccium) – which, based on the finds, are dated from the beginning of the 1st to the beginning of the 5th century AD. New sites were identified through field surveys and examined using non-destructive methods, including magnetic prospecting and LiDAR. In magnetic surveys, which covered an area of​ 123 ha at 25 sites, a series of watchtowers with double ditches (fossae) measuring about 50 x 50 m was discovered, confirmed in trial excavations.

Presentamos los resultados obtenidos en la intervención arqueológica llevada a cabo en la calle Cuesta de San Cayetano, Nº 6 de Córdoba. Los trabajos arqueológicos dejaron entrever el uso de la zona como basurero durante los Siglos XIV hasta el XVI d.C., cuando se contruye la Iglesia-Conventual de San Cayetano.

During the Late Roman period, profound transformations took place within the military. With the implementation of defence in depth and the expansion of the army, fortifications of a more recognizable and monumental character were confined to the most critical communication routes and strategic nodal points. In the case of other, newly established fortifications, it is primarily their strategic positioning, along with archaeological evidence, that attest to their martial nature. The initial indications of these developments appeared as early as the final third of the 3rd century. Under the reigns of Diocletian and Constantine, efforts were renewed to consolidate the limes and secure key strategic locations within the empire’s interior. However, the most extensive transformation unfolded in the second half of the 4th century, marked by the renewed fortification of the limes and an unprecedented wave of fortress construction deep within imperial territory. This study offers a concise overview of the fortification of the northeastern frontier of Italy, a region that vividly exemplifies these military developments. By the latter half of the 4th century, this frontier had evolved into a fully militarized zone, characterized by a network of defensive walls and numerous new fortifications.

The diploma presented here is a copy of an imperial constitution issued for the veterans from auxiliary units stationed in Dacia Porolissensis during the Antonine period. This document stands out because of the inclusion of the praeterea praestitit formula, which has been identified hitherto in only 12 other military diplomas.

This paper deals with a silver coin discovered within burial no. 16 at the eastern necropolis of Remesiana. It deals with the rare rare example of the heavy miliarense of Constantius II which was discovered within the closed context during the systematic archaeological research, by which its significance overcame the simple numismatic value. The coin was recovered from the double burial excavated in 2019 which was placed within the walls of memoria built by stone in drywall technique. It has been archaeologically confirmed that the grave of an adult was reopened to bury the child. Interestingly, the coin, together with other objects like glass bottle and silver fibula has been discovered as an inventory of child burial, since it is most likely that those were part of one or more donativa. The position and type of the burial, just like the choice of the object placed within the grave, leads us to believe that these objects could be regarded not only as luxurious but also symbolically significant. Furthermore, they may represent the "family heirloom" which was placed in the grave together with the remains of the last (male) member of a late Roman family from Remesiana.

Der Beitrag untersucht die Rolle des römischen Lagers auf dem Septimerpass im Kontext des Alpenfeldzugs von 15 v. Chr. Anhand moderner militärischer Planungsinstrumente – insbesondere der Lagebeurteilung nach Faktoren wie Auftrag, Umwelt, gegnerische und eigene Mittel sowie Zeitverhältnisse – wird eine systematische Analyse vorgenommen. Im Fokus stehen die logistischen und strategischen Herausforderungen einer hochkomplexen Operation in schwierigem alpinem Gelände. Das Lager auf 2340 m ü. M. erweist sich dabei als zentraler Knotenpunkt für Kommunikation, Koordination und Nachschub zwischen den Heeresverbänden. Damit wird seine Funktion als logistischer Relais- und Kontrollposten plausibel gemacht, der wesentlich zum Gelingen des Feldzugs beitrug.

Nakon stanke od više desetljeća, tijekom rujna 2017. godine Institut za arheologiju proveo je arheološka istraživanja na položaju Jalžabet ‒ Bistričak, istočno od Varaždina. Radovi na Bistričaku provedeni su u okviru projektnih aktivnosti „Iron-Age-Danube“ Interreg DTP projekta koji je djelomično financiran od strane EU. U projektu sudjeluje 5 podunavskih zemalja, a u arheološkim i multidsciplinarnim istraživanjima i turističkoj prezentaciji najistaknutijih arheoloških krajolika istočnog halštatskog kruga Institut za arheologiju, jedan od 10 projektnih partnera, sudjeluje upravo istraživanjima jalžabetske regije.After several decades of break, in September 2017, the Institute of Archaeology conducted archaeological research at Jalžabet – Bistričak site, east of Varaždin. Bistričak’s works were carried out within the framework of project activities “Iron-Age-Danube” Interreg DTP project, which is partially funded by the EU. The project involves 5 countries of Danube River basin. In a...

U listopadu 2017. godine Institut za arheologiju izveo je prva arheološka istraživanja na položaju Jalžabet ‒ Carev jarek, istočno od Varaždina. U tekstu se daje pregled rezultata terenskih arheoloških istraživanja lokaliteta iz starijega željeznog doba. Predstavljaju se osnovni tipovi arheoloških objektata i pokretnih nalaza registriranih tijekom istraživanja, a posebna pozornost se pridaje otkriću ostataka arhitekture prapovijesnog naselja.During October 2017 Institute of Archaeology conducted the first archaeological excavation of Jalžabet ‒ Carev jarek site, east of Varaždin. The text gives an overview of the field archaeological research of the site from the Early Iron Age. The basic types of archaeological objects and movable finds recorded during the research are presented, with particular attention being paid to the discovery of the remains of the architecture of the prehistoric settlement

L’article aborde la question des villages et hameaux paysans en région lyonnaise, de La Tène finale à l’Antiquité tardive. La fin de l’âge du Fer est marquée par quelques habitats pouvant appartenir à cette catégorie, en marge d’agglomérations de plaine et de sites fortifiés (oppida). L’époque romaine compte 48 habitats groupés dans un rayon de 70 km autour de Lugdunum, parmi lesquels se distinguent plusieurs sites, comme Chassieu-Genas et Anneyron où sont clairement documentés des agrégats d’unités agricoles distinctes. Le degré d’urbanisation des agglomérations
dites secondaires est également interrogé et des essais d’analyses spatiales sont proposés, notamment dans le secteur des Basses-Terres dauphinoises. Les cas spécifiques des faubourgs et des zones à forte densité de villas sont traités dans la même optique agraire, et l’ensemble des données montre en définitive une occupation rurale contrastée, assez éloignée du modèle concentrique traditionnel de la colonie urbaine et sa périphérie productive.

Sobre la base de los resultados de una prospección arqueológica superficial realizada en el despoblado bajomedieval de Osma, y partiendo de la disposición planimétrica de las evidencias arquitectónicas detectadas, se propone que la distribución observada responde a una elemental y eficiente ordenación urbanística, caracterizada por la presencia de ámbitos espaciales diferenciados. PALABRAS CLAVE: Baja Edad Media. Aldea de Osma. Hábitat rural. Estructura urbanística.

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License. It is free to read, download and share on the BAR Digital platform.

This volume provides an overview and synthesis of excavations from 1934 to 2019 at Metchley Roman forts, Birmingham, one of the most extensively investigated Roman military complexes in the midlands.

The first fort of mid-Neronian date may have been occupied by a garrison of around 1,000 auxiliaries. The fort was later enlarged by annexes on three sides. It was succeeded by a military stores depot. After a short abandonment, a smaller Flavian fort was occupied briefly.

The internal buildings of timber-framed construction were well-preserved, including a rare double barrack block, granaries, workshops, the praetorium, stables and store buildings. This volume includes specialist overviews of the small finds, pottery and environmental evidence.

This book has been published with the support of a Historic England publication grant.

Thema sind einige Sonderbereiche der Forschung, welche bisher kaum oder nicht beachtet wurden, sowie einige Anmerkungen zu verschiedenen Ansichten, welche sich in der Forschung trotz mangelnder Quellen halten.
Themen sind etymologische Überlegungen zu Begriffen wie der Hyäne, dem Wurfpfeil Gabilun, Robin Hood und dem Drachen, sowie Überlegungen zur Herkunft des Minnesängers Walther von Mezze, zur angeblichen Sollstärke bei der römischen Armee,  zu den kleinen skythischen Pfeilspitzen, zum Sinn und Zweck des Limes und weiteres.

The topic shows some special areas of research which have received little or no attention so far, as well as some comments on various views which persist in research despite a lack of sources.
Topics addressed include etymological considerations of terms such as to the hyena, the hunting-arrow Gabilun, Robin Hood and the dragon, as well as considerations on the origin of the ministeriaisl Walther von Mezze, the crew strength of the troops in the ancient roman army, the small scythian arrowheads, the purpose of the roman limes and more.

Systematic archaeological and geophysical surveys initiated in 2018 at the site of Pogan, to the SW of the Popovac were resumed in 2019. It has been established that a wellpreserved tetragon-shaped late third and early fourth c. Roman fortification lies under the surveyed ploughland.
The 2018 survey identified the NE part of the fortification and segments of several buildings within it. Also recorded was almost the entire layout of the second, small fortification in the shape of a square that overlaid the eastern walls of the aforementioned fortification in the fourth century.
The 2019 investigation encompassed the southern walls and a segment of the western walls of the larger third-fourth c. Late Roman building. On its outer, southern side there were circle- or polygonal-shaped towers built at a distance of 35 m from each other. The towers set along that part of the walls were large, about 15 m in diameter, while the towers in the SW corner and along the western walls were smaller and built at a smaller distance of about 15 m from each other. The gate flanked by two large towers was in the middle of the southern walls. A 20 x 10 m rectangular building made of stone and brick was identified near the SW inner corner of the fortification. The remains lie at a depth of about 1.5 m below the surface of the ploughland, but mostly appear at a depth of 1.2 m.

Forul de lemn din Colonia Dacica Sarmizegetusa -forum coloniae sau forum legionis? 7. Principia din Orient şi nordul Africii Castrele din Orient şi nordul Africii. Aspecte generale Castrele de legiune Lambaesis El-Lejjûn Alexandru Flu tur Chiar în timpul scrierii acestor rânduri am primit vestea morții neaşteptate a arheologului Ovidiu Bozu, care mi-a oferit de-a lungul colaborării noastre colegialitatea şi prietenia sa. Sit tibi terra levis! Domnului profesor Florin Draşovean îi mulțumesc pentru creditul moral pe care mi l-a acordat la începutul carierei şi pentru decizia finanțării cercetărilor arheologice din castrul Berzobis, ca director al Muzeului Banatului Timişoara. Le mulțumesc, de asemenea, profesorilor mei de la Universitatea din Cluj-Napoca, care au contribuit decisiv la formarea mea ca arheolog. Destinul a făcut ca prof. dr. Alexandru Diaconescu, maestru în ale arheologiei şi şeful primului şantier arheologic pe care am activat ca student, să citească manuscrisul cărții şi să aducă unele observații critice, pe care le-am luat în considerare. Le sunt recunoscător şi altor colegi arheologi, în special din Cluj-Napoca şi Timişoara, care m-au ajutat şi m-au încurajat. Gândurile mele de recunoştință se îndreaptă şi către cetățenii din Berzovia, care au contribuit la înlesnirea şi realizarea cercetărilor arheologice din castru. Cel mai prețios ajutor l-am primit de la oamenii simpli: proprietarii suprafețelor cercetate, muncitori pe şantier, persoane pasionate de istorie şi arheologie. Numitorul comun al atitudinii lor este omenia. Le mai mulțumesc: doamnei Gabriela Balica, pentru realizarea traducerii în engleză; doamnei Adela Ban, pentru prelucrările grafice ale ilustrației şi copertă; domnilor Silviu Saftu (desenator la MNB) şi Milan Șepețan (fotograf, MNB), pentru contribuțiile privind ilustrația cărții. Îi adresez mulțumiri cordiale domnului Claudiu Ilaş, managerul Muzeului Național al Banatului din Timişoara, pentru sprijinul oferit, acest volum fiind inclus pe lista publicațiilor finanțate de către muzeul nostru. Trebuie să le aduc mulțumiri şi celor din familia mea (părinți, frați, soție, copii), pentru sprijinul sufletesc pe care mi l-au oferit de-a lungul traseului profesional. În general, merită mulțumiri toți prietenii, pentru generozitatea şi încrederea oferită de-a lungul anilor. Omnia vincit amor.

Access Archaeology offers a different publishing model for specialist academic material that might traditionally prove commercially unviable, perhaps due to its sheer extent or volume of colour content, or simply due to its relatively niche field of interest. This could apply, for example, to a PhD dissertation or a catalogue of archaeological data. All Access Archaeology publications are available as a free-to-download pdf eBook and in print format. The free pdf download model supports dissemination in areas of the world where budgets are more severely limited, and also allows individual academics from all over the world the opportunity to access the material privately, rather than relying solely on their university or public library. Print copies, nevertheless, remain available to individuals and institutions who need or prefer them. The material is refereed and/or peer reviewed. Copy-editing takes place prior to submission of the work for publication and is the responsibility of the author. Academics who are able to supply printready material are not charged any fee to publish (including making the material available as a free-todownload pdf). In some instances the material is type-set in-house and in these cases a small charge is passed on for layout work. Our principal effort goes into promoting the material, both the free-to-download pdf and print edition, where Access Archaeology books get the same level of attention as all of our publications which are marketed through e-alerts, print catalogues, displays at academic conferences, and are supported by professional distribution worldwide. The free pdf download allows for greater dissemination of academic work than traditional print models could ever hope to support. It is common for a free-to-download pdf to be downloaded hundreds or sometimes thousands of times when it first appears on our website. Print sales of such specialist material would take years to match this figure, if indeed they ever would. This model may well evolve over time, but its ambition will always remain to publish archaeological material that would prove commercially unviable in traditional publishing models, without passing the expense on to the academic (author or reader).

Austria has a long-standing tradition of recording and processing coin finds. As early as 1971, the project Fundmünzen der römischen Zeit in Österreich (FMRÖ) was initiated by numismatists - rather than archaeologists - at what was then the Numismatic Commission of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. The project, which still exists today, continues to play a central role in documenting Roman coin finds from Austria. In more recent years, a central office for processing coin finds from all periods was established at the Austrian Archaeological Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, in cooperation with the Federal Monuments Office (Bundesdenkmalamt). This paper presents the evolution of the study of coin finds in Austria and outlines future long-term research projects.

Реч "хармонија" је именица. Потиче из грчког, али је прихваћенa и у многим другим језицима. Њено значење није стриктно дефинисано. Генерално, могло би се схватити као пријатна комбинација различитих елемената. У музици је то пријатна комбинација тонова и ритмова, у визуелној уметности, то је сагласје боја и пропорција. У међуљудским односима, то је, слично као и сагласност, договор који је пријатан свим учесницима. Хармонија, као и сваки идеал, има своју божанску персонификацију у миту старих Грка, богињу по имену Хармонија. У овом раду смо истраживали симболику хармоније, надајући се да ћемо прићи ближе њеном значењу. Сазнали смо да су љубав и страст њени тајни састојци. Хармонија се налази првенствено на небу, у небеском свету реда и стабилних ритмова. Повремено је можемо позвати у сопствену душу, када нађемо начин да прихватимо, поштујемо и негујемо супротстављене силе које владају у њој. Хармонију можемо срести и у неким породицама или малим заједницама пријатеља, где чланови имају љубав једни према другима, па је присутан тајни састојак који ће неутралисати (или, бар, ублажити) супротстављене жеље и интересе. Научили смо и да смо, када упознамо Хармонију, заштићени на неки начин од злих сила. То је зато што је она и Апотрофија (она која избацује из срца људи жељу за грешним задовољствима и пожудом). У широј људској заједници, узалуд је тражити је, јер нема довољно љубави да уравнотежи различите жеље и интересе.

This paper presents preliminary results of systematic archaeological research at the sites of Carine and Gradina in Risan (2014-2020 seasons), organised by the Centre for Conservation and Archaeology of Montenegro in cooperation with the University of Warsaw.

Cronica cercetărilor arheologice din România -campania 2002 Cronica cercetărilor arheologice a fost concepută ca o culegere de rezumate a principalelor rezultate ale cercetărilor de teren efectuate de-a lungul unui an calendaristic, în cazul de faţă anul 2002, şi totodată un fel de "bilanţ arheologic" anual, din care să se degajeze datele esenţiale înregistrate. Cele din urmă sunt firesc tot atâtea contribuţii menite să lărgească şi să aprofundeze cunoştinţele actuale privitoare nu numai la istoria veche a României. Cititorul .cronicii", fie el avizat sau doar cu interes particular pentru aceste segmente de istorie, ar afla din ea datele "tehnice" de substanţă pentru fiecare şantier, pentru epoca sau epocile ce-l preocupă şi desigur cele mai însemnate concluzii de ordin istoric, adică pasul sau paşii făcuţi pe drumul anevoios al cunoaşterii unor vremi apuse. Îndeplinirea unor asemenea deziderate este condiţionată mai întâi de existenţa în "cronică" a tuturor rezumatelor rapoartelor de săpături arheologice şi de extensiunea lor cerută şi acceptată tacit de arheologi. Întinderea rapoartelor este menită să alcătuiască un volum firesc unei că~i potrivite şi nu câteva volume. Rămânând de astă dată numai la acest "mai întâi" şi apelând la o simplă statistică se constată că în anul 2002 sau eliberat nu mai puţin de 504 autorizaţii de săpătură dintre care 288 vizau săpături sistematice. Doar 224, adică 48,41 % dintre şantierele arheologice au trimis rezumate de rapoarte spre publicare în "cronică", după cum se vede din cuprinsul volumului. Despre "extensiunea" unora dintre ele ştie fiecare colectiv de şantier. În sfârşit, la săpăturile arheologice au participat 130 de instituţii dar finanţatorul de bază şi constant a rămas Ministerul Culturii şi Cultelor; se adaugă ici colo autorităţi judeţene şi câteva şantiere arheologice ale unor universitari, care au funcţionat fără finanţare. Acelaşi minister este aproape singura instituţie implicată în conservarea şi restaurarea pa~ială sau integrală a monumentelor arheologice. Toate acestea cred că trebuie să îndemne la meditaţie.

8 Vgl. z. B. zuletzt die unter übergeordneten landschafts-und siedlungsgeschichtlichen Aspekten vorgelegte Studie kuhnen, Oberrhein, passim. 9 sChreg, Kontinuität und Wandel, passim. 10 Grundlegend hierzu bereits bender, Archaeological perspectives, 185-189; VAn ossel, Établissements ruraux, 182 f.; vgl. auch die Beiträge in Christie, Landscapes of Change; historische Grundlagen bei deMAndt, Spätantike, passim, bes. 388-404. 11 Die Interdependenzen zwischen der Ereignisgeschichte, den daraus resultierenden Umwälzungen der Spätantike und den Folgen für die sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Verhältnisse im Bereich der Landwirtschaft waren zuletzt Gegenstand verschiedener Studien, vgl. z. B. Christie, Landscapes of Change, passim mit problemorientierter und quellenkritischer Diskussion; ripoll -ArCe, End of Roman Villae; bAnAji, Agrarian Change; whittACker -gArnsey, Rural Life; Munro, Recycling, passim; wiCkhAM, Early Middle Ages; grundsätzliche Kritik hierzu durch bAnAji,

Chronology of the Bronze Age in southeast Transylvania János Gábor Tarbay A looted 'hoard' from 'Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County' Szilvia Joháczi -Bence Párkányi Same but different: A new possible scheme on late archaic black-figure vases Károly Tankó -András Kovács Celtic plough and land use based on agricultural tool finds from the oppidum of Velem-Szent Vid Csilla Sáró A brooch with a name stamp from Győr-Ménfőcsanak-Széles-földek (Pannonia, Hungary) Kata Dévai Roman head-shaped glass vessels from Hungary

Recent diggings at Băneasa (Teleorman County) dealt for the first
time with the fortlet. In a surprise for everybody (us included), it was not made prior to the main fort and it is was not synchronous with it either; it is a temporary garrison for the builders of the main fort, between the first and the second phase, sometimes before 230 AD.
A second surprise is the construction system, with a wall erected with crude lime-bricks, as a substitute for turf.
After a short presentation of the artefacts discovered in 2024 (including coins), we are disclosing the X–Ray Fluorescence (XRF) measurements on the samples taken from the lime-bricks (and other building materials), including a statistical analysis.
The closing part of the paper is dealing with the ‘two forts’ theory, affecting Limes Transalutanus.

Opposite Aquincum (Óbuda/Budapest, Hungary), on the Barbaricum side of the Danube, near the mouth of the Rákos Stream, stands a Roman
fort that has been known since the early 19th century. In archaeological literature, it is referred to as Transaquincum,
though more recently, the name Contra Aquincum has become increasingly accepted.
Between 2018 and 2023, the Budapest History Museum conducted extensive excavations within and around
the fortress. Based on the findings unearthed during these investigations, it became clear that this was a Late Roman
fortress with no earlier phases of occupation. Its construction can be linked to a well-known entry in the
Consularia Constantinopolitana, which records the establishment of fortresses in Sarmatian territory opposite
Aquincum and Bononia in 293/294 AD.
The fortress was therefore built in the last years of Diocletian’s war against the Sarmatians, its function being
to protect the Barbaricum side of the Danube bridge, which was constructed at the same time.

This study explores the corner towers of military forts in the province of Dacia Porolissensis, most of which were excavated during the second half  of  the 20th century. The corner towers exhibit a trapezoidal shape in plan view and are similar in design, differing primarily in size: some are longer or wider, while others are more modest in scale. Analysis reveals that certain forts lacked stone-built corner towers, and in some cases, the outer sections of  the defensive walls were constructed with increased width. These features suggest that the use of  wooden towers may have continued during the stone-phase of the forts. This research aims to enhance our understanding of  the typology and functionality of  these defensive structures and their evolution in Roman Dacia.

Op 1 mei 2004 is onder leiding van de Radboud Universiteit van Nijmegen gestart met het multidisciplinair onderzoeksproject A sustainable frontier? The establishment of the Roman frontier in the Rhine delta. Dit project, gesubsidieerd door NWO, richt zich op de inrichting van het rivierengebied tussen het huidige Vechten en Katwijk als grenszone of limes van het Romeinse rijk, en de interactie daarvan met het landschap.
Een belangrijk onderdeel daarvan is de weg die de legerkampen in dit grensgebied met elkaar verbond. Zowel het tracé als de vorm van de weg spelen een belangrijke rol bij onderzoeksvragen die betrekking hebben op landgebruik en grondstofbehoefte in de limes. Een goede inventarisatie van alle waarnemingen van de limesweg in West-Nederland was daarom een noodzakelijk onderdeel van het project.

Het rapport over deze inventarisatie is in 4 onderdelen verdeeld: een beschrijvende rapportage, een catalogus, een tracékaart en een uitgebreide bibliografie. In de eigenlijke rapportage zijn zowel de beschrijving, de analyse als de synthese van de waarnemingen van de limesweg in het onderzoeksgebied opgenomen. De onderzoeksvragen richten zich daarbij voornamelijk op reconstructie van het wegtracé en de grondstoffen die nodig waren voor aanleg en onderhoud.

In de catalogus (bijlage 2) worden alle 71 waarnemingen van de weg beschreven die in het West-Nederlandse rivierengebied tussen Vechten en Katwijk vóór 1 juli 2008 zijn gedaan. Al deze waarnemingen zijn aangegeven op een tracékaart, die in 9 delen als bijlage 3 is opgenomen. De bibliografie is zowel alfabetisch als per trajectdeel geordend.

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License. It is free to read, download and share on the BAR Digital platform.

This volume describes the results of three excavations within the interior of Metchley Roman forts, Birmingham, completing the publication of extensive excavations from 1934 to 2019. In the right side of the praetentura (Area M12) a possible stable or barrack-block belonging to the mid-Neronian fort was succeeded by a clay-floored fodder store or stable, which yielded a rich assemblage of charred plant remains – principally grassland plants. The excavated part of the right side of the central range (Area M20) recorded post-pits cut by beam-slots probably belonging to the principia of the mid-Neronian fort. This building was later levelled in preparation for the layout of irregular buildings belonging to the later Neronian military stores depot. Part of the re-cut eastern defences of the Flavian fort was investigated in Area M25.

This book has been published with the support of a Historic England publication grant.

This volume presents a collection of contributions exploring legionary camps across various regions of the Roman Empire. It offers insights into how the Roman military structured both temporary field camps during campaigns and permanent installations at strategic locations within the empire and along its frontiers. These camps were not only logistical marvels, carefully adapted to local conditions, but also centers of economic and cultural activity with far-reaching influence.