Railway architecture

Acervos documentais em engenharia ferroviária para estudo de história comparada (França e Inglaterra).
O texto tem como principal objetivo apresentar fontes de pesquisa na França e Inglaterra que possam fornecer material relevante para estudo de história ferroviária comparada.

Artykuł omawia twórczość Karola Fojcika (1932-) czołowego architekta Biura Projektów Budownictwa Kolejowego w Katowicach, gdzie opracował on dokumentację szeregu modernizacji dworców kolejowych, powtarzalnych projektów dla przystanków o różnym obciążeniu ruchem oraz obiektów towarzyszących. I choć twórczość projektanta podlegała znacznym ograniczeniom, umiejętnie wykorzystywał on okazje aby realizować architekturę wygodną, racjonalną i trwałą, która silnie wpłynęła na obraz infrastruktury katowickiej Dyrekcji Okręgowej PKP.

A vasút megindulásának pillanatától kezdve érdekelte a szemlélődőket, az utazókat, a politikai és a gazdasági élet szakembereit, az újságírókat és a művészeket. Kezdetben az újtól való félelem, majd az alapvető utazási és szállítási szokások előnyeinek és hátrányainak elemzése tette ki a nyilvánosan kapott értékeléseket. A különféle benyomások napvilágra kerülése sokat segített az új közlekedési eszköz elterjedésében, helyenként és esetenként a hibák, problémák feltárásában is. Előbb a szűken vett szakmai közönséget, majd a szolgáltatásokat igénybe vevőket foglalkoztatta a vasút működésének háttere, az eredmények elemzése és bemutatása. Ebből nőtt ki a vasúttörténet, amely a szakmában dolgozók mellett a helyi, az országos és a nemzetközi eseményekkel foglalkozó hivatásos és amatőr történészeket is bekapcsolta a szállítások hátterének bemutatásával foglalkozó munkákba. A vasutakhoz kapcsolódó feltárásokról két évvel ezelőtt közreadott kötetünk (Ezerarcú vasút) után örömmel mutatjuk be az időközben elkészült újabb összegzéseket. Ezúttal olyan témát állítottunk középpontba, melyet a vasútörténetekben kevéssé tártak fel, méltatlanul nem vizsgálták, holott a közlekedési ágazattal kapcsolatba kerülők kivétel nélkül láttak és látnak: a vonalak mentén található épített értékek, s ezek hatása az érintett településekre. Másik nagy rendező elvünk a kötöttpályákon dolgozók és a forgalom bonyolódásának bemutatása volt. Külön csokorba rendeztük az időközben e témában megjelent fontosabb kötetek részletesebb bemutatását, illetve kiváló kutatótársunk, Kubinszky Mihály búcsúztatását. Nagy megtiszteltetés, hogy a hazai szakembereket tömörítő Közlekedéstudományi Egyesület tiszteletbeli elnöke mellett a Nemzetközi Vasúttörténeti Egyesület (IRHA) elnöke is külön köszönti a kötet olvasóit, s egyúttal jelezve, hogy a kétévente megrendezésre kerülő nemzetközi konferenciáját a tervek szerint 2018 őszén Budapesten tartják. Új kötetet adunk közre, de címe tudatosan hasonlít az előzőre! Jelezni szeretnénk a kutatások folytonosságát, biztatva az újabb kutatókat a munkánkba kapcsolódásra. A kutatók találkozását a Közlekedéstudományi Egyesület Hajdú-Bihar megyei csoportja és a Debrecenben működő Vasutas Egyetértés Művelődési Központ tette lehetővé, míg a kötet a KTE anyagi támogatásával látott napvilágot, melyet a szerkesztők ezúton köszönnek meg. Továbbra is jó utat és jó olvasást kíván a Szerkesztőbizottság 2018 őszén.

Railway and city have coexisted for more then 150 years. The realization of railroads in the 19th century can be seen as an important contribution to the development of the city. But during the making of railroads there was too little consideration for the overall picture of the city. The result is that today the railway is entangled with the city while its role has drastically changed. Currently the railway, although indispensable, is often considered as an obstacle, a limitation for city planning. This leads to the following research questions. What is the relationship between the construction of the city and the realization of the railway? Which transformations does the city have to deal with and what does the railway and its buildings have to do with it? And finally, what is the role of architecture in the realization of railway infrastructures in the city? The search for answers to those questions is the core of this research. The area of interest is the Netherlands with particular attention to the Randstad, where the railway is an important part of the traffic network. An important conclusion is that architecture should play a more substantial role in the future transformations of railroads in the (Randstad) city.

...bombings, German sappers, restorers and rebuilders have totally wiped my modern works. Only the buildings which represent the bureaucratic side of my job as public officer forced to obey, have survived. (from a letter to B.Zevi 9/1974).
The Heating plant of the railway station of Florence is a piece of a jigsaw puzzle which miraculously survived to restorers and rebuilders who could have erased any trace of it. This survived fragment, tells either the story of an architecture between monumentalism, rationalism and futurism or the complex personality of its architect.

Vista en perspectiva, la arquitectura ferroviaria ocupa un lugar central en la cambiante relación entre arquitectura y modernización ya que su aparición trajo aparejada, por un lado, una profunda renovación tecnológica y por otro lado el surgimiento de conceptos como el de red, el de repetitibilidad o el de transportabilidad que asociados al hecho construido fueron en un principio tan novedosos como las propias locomotoras. Por esta razón, el abordaje de la arquitectura ferroviaria como tema no puede dejar de referir a los ferrocarriles como sistema participante de un orden mercantil en expansión y como factor transformador del territorio. Esto es particularmente importante en un país como Argentina en el que la construcción de los ferrocarriles se produjo en forma paralela no solo con su modernización sino también con la consolidación de su estado nacional y con el control que este último consiguió ejercer sobre un vasto territorio. Su importancia se hace aún mas significativa si se tiene en cuenta que la red ferrocarrilera argentina alcanzó a ser, con sus mas de 44.000 kilómetros de vías, la mas extensa de América Latina. Por haber sido parte medular del proceso de poblamiento del país, el ferrocarril cuenta con la particularidad de reflejar los diferentes rumbos que en materia de política territorial se han sucedido desde mediados del siglo XIX.

The BIM process applied to the built environment represents a much debated topic in the last decade, but it still contains unanswered questions. National and international frameworks introduced standards mainly focused on the levels of detail definition related to new project, leaving a wide interpretation on the 3D reconstruction of existing building. On the other hand, the increase in the use of this modeling approach and the possible expansion of this application in the nearly future lead to predict a significant rise in built field, requiring a general assessment both on global methodology and on its peculiarities. Starting from the complete description and analysis of two modern railway architectures, based on integrated survey, 2D representation up to 3D modeling in BIM environments, the article tries to highlight the limits in the 3D BIM modeling applied on existing construction, suggesting possible solutions in relation with the obtained results. The process is critically evaluated in each passage, in order to focus the BIM research areas useful for built environment analysis.

The main objective of this paper was to identify and to analyze the material characteristics of the railway workshops built in the State of São Paulo between the 1867s and 1930s. This research is justified by the importance of this type of construction and the great gap of national studies about industrial architecture, mainly related to the railway workshops. For the survey, we prioritized the most economically important companies and those with the most documentation. The administrative reports of some São Paulo railway companies were consulted in order to identify the location of their workshops; 19th century railway treatises were consulted to understand some aspects of workshop space as well national bibliography specialized in industrial and railway architecture. This work resulted in a map of the location of the workshops found, from which we were able to identify issues related to the implantation, architectural composition, materials and some foreign suppliers. Keywords Industrial buildings. Railway workshops. Inventory. ailroad workshops and deposits: identification and analysis of some são paulo railroad companies (1867-1930) r Tainá Maria Silva

(Reedición en PDF del original, primera edición 2001)
En 1882, el Gobierno de la Provincia de Santa Fe (Argentina) decide la construcción del ‘Ferrocarril Santa Fe’, que primero será conocido como ‘Ferrocarril a las Colonias’ dado que fue pensado para vincular a la capital provincial con las incipientes colonias agrícolas del oeste. Pocos años más tarde, cuando en 1888 fuera arrendado a la empresa Fives Lille, y al año siguiente transferido a la la Compagnie Francaise des Chemins de Fers Argentines, se le conocerá como el ‘Ferrocarril Francés’.
Poco tiempo transcurre para que este ferrocarril logre consolidar una vasta red de comunicaciones que penetra en el territorio santafesino articulándolo, haciendo posible la vinculación de los sectores productivos, permitiendo su vinculación con el puerto de la ciudad capital y a través del mismo con destinos de ultramar, y contribuyendo, entre otros aspectos, a modificar el paisaje urbano y natural, así como su composición social.
El ferrocarril, como ningún otro elemento, constituyó en sí mismo la representación de la modernidad y el progreso, resumiendo sus distintas formas de expresión en un único cuerpo: la técnica, los nuevos materiales, la energía, el conocimiento científico, la velocidad, la alteración de las relaciones entre espacio y tiempo; en definitiva, la supremacía de la maquinaria del intelecto sobre la naturaleza.

Conforme proposto nos Princípios de Dublin (2011), para a compreensão da importância do sitio ou estrutura fiísica do patrimônio industrial é necessário um aprofundamento de sua história integral. Assim, este estudo parte de uma visão multidisciplinar a fim de compreender se a condição de preservação reflete de fato o valor histórico e tecnológico no caráter físico do Complexo FEPASA - conjunto ferroviário na cidade de Jundiaí-SP e protegido em âmbito nacional pelo IPHAN. A metodologia baseia-se no aprofundamento documental, a partir de consulta as cartas relativas à preservação do patrimônio industrial, análise do processo de tombamento do Complexo FEPASA e consulta aos relatórios da companhia ferroviária, a fim de compreender os aspectos arquitetônicos e tecnológicos de seus edifícios. Realizou-se também visitas a campo para fins de identificação do estado atual de preservação dos bens edificados. A combinação desses métodos permitiu reconhecer que determinadas valorações justificadas no processo de tombamento do conjunto não estão expressas na atual condição física dos bens ferroviários edificados. A partir dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que não houve um conhecimento aprofundado de todos os aspectos históricos e tecnológicos do Complexo e que somente o tombamento atribuído não foi suficiente para a preservação de elementos representativos da história e tecnologia do conjunto edificado.

Przedmiotem artykułu jest forma architektoniczna dworców kolejowych wzniesionych w pierwszych latach po odzyskaniu przez Polskę niepodległości, w związku z budową największej inwestycji kolejowej okresu międzywojennego - magistrali węglowej, łączącej górnicze zakłady na Śląsku z portami morskimi w Gdańsku i Gdyni. Omawiane w opracowaniu obiekty stanowią w zasadniczej mierze realizację kilku, przygotowanych w ramach inwestycji, projektów typowych, aczkolwiek są pośród nich także projekty indywidualne. W artykule poruszono także zagadnienie roli konkursów architektonicznych i zaangażowania zawodowych architektów przy projektowaniu obiektów kolejowych. Czas przełomu lat 20. i 30. jest okresem schyłkowym stylistyki narodowej w architekturze, w której coraz mocniej do głosu dochodzą modernistyczne tendencje funkcjonalistyczne, co wyraźnie uwidacznia się w kolejnych etapach przedmiotowej inwestycji.

Resumo Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo identificar e analisar características materiais das oficinas ferroviárias construídas no estado de São Paulo no período entre 1867 e 1930. A pesquisa se justifica pela importância desse tipo de edificação e pela grande lacuna de estudos nacionais em relação à arquitetura industrial, principalmente relacionados às oficinas ferroviárias. Para o levantamento, foram priorizadas as companhias de maior relevância econômica e as que dispunham de maior número de documentação. Foram consultados relatórios administrativos de algumas companhias férreas paulistas a fim de identificar a localização de suas oficinas e tratados ferroviários do século XIX para compreender alguns aspectos da espacialização das oficinas e bibliografia nacional especializada em arquitetura industrial e ferroviária. Este trabalho resultou em um mapa de localização das oficinas encontradas, através do qual foi possível identificar questões referentes à implantação, composição arquitetônica, materiais e alguns fornecedores estrangeiros. Palavras-chave Edifícios industriais. Oficinas ferroviárias. Inventário. ficinas e depósitos ferroviários: identificação e análise de algumas companhias férreas paulistas (1867-1930) o Tainá Maria Silva

De constante transformaties van de stad en de daarbijbehorende architectonische vraagstukken zijn een zeer interessant studieonderwerp. Met bijzondere aandacht voor de Hollandse stad komen deze thema's uitgebreid aan de orde in het onderzoeksprogramma Urban Architecture MIT 1 van de Faculteit Bouwkunde van de TU Delft. Dit onderzoeksprogramma richt zich in het bijzonder op het bestuderen van de relatie tussen stedelijke transformaties en architectonische interventies. Dankzij

By focusing on the railway architecture produced in Turkey from the 1850s to the 1950s, Şule Feza Sezginalp and Pınar Sezginalp show how railways, one of the most important tools of modernization as well as colonization and strengthening of the central government, produced typological solutions from the late Ottoman period to the early Republican period through the centuries-old adventure of station architecture. (Source: http://www.mimarlikdergisi.com/index.cfm?sayfa=mimarlik&DergiSayi=435&RecID=5345)

Railways provide connection but, at the same time, rupture. They are entangled with the city, posing inevitably the question of their spatial cohesion with the urban context. The aim of this paper is to understand how design research can contribute to the improvement of railroads in their urban environments, with particular attention to the way new forms of interactions with the existing cities can be accomplished. Starting with some excellent historical examples, like the Great Victorian Way of Joseph Paxton and the Vienna’s Stadtbahn of Otto Wagner, the paper will illustrate the project for the metropolitan railways in the Dutch City making a jump to the present time. At the end of the paper, the work of the Master Graduation Studio Hybrid Buildings at the Faculty of Architecture – TU Delft will be shortly shown; the case study is the ‘Zuidas’ area in Amsterdam.

Fin dall’inizio della loro storia come azienda unitaria e di stato, le Ferrovie italiane utilizzano le mostre come mezzo di fidelizzazione e di propaganda. A partire dal 1906, a un anno solo dall’avvenuta statalizzazione, con la partecipazione all’Esposizione Internazionale di Milano, la presentazione al pubblico del materiale ferroviario è una componente importante all’interno di quel sistema di codici legati alla costruzione dell’immagine dell’azienda, di cui certamente l’architettura delle stazioni resta l’espressione più efficace ed immediata. Nei primi cinquant’anni di attività, le Ferrovie concepiscono l’allestimento di mostre come manifestazione programmata, i cui materiali vengono riproposti, pur arricchendosi di volta in volta, mantenendo invariato lo schema ordinativo, pronti a partire per qualsiasi località del paese. In quest’ottica nelle mostre d’occasione, allestite, da nord a sud, nelle maggiori città italiane per le grandi esposizioni o le fiere, in spazi prossimi alle stazioni, quando non nella stazione stessa, sembra diminuire il rilievo architettonico espresso dall’allestimento o quanto meno dalla struttura espositiva.
L’idea di una struttura espositiva permanente si concretizza solo nel 1954, un anno prima della celebrazione del cinquantenario. Il passaggio da una serie di mostre ad un museo geograficamente centrale nel cuore di Roma Termini è significativo nella lettura del processo di Corporate Identity che, ormai definito, si rivolgeva al museo come deposito di memoria e autorevole strumento di valorizzazione del passato, mantenendo sempre, però, il confronto immediato con i segni del progresso espressi dalla vitalità della stazione stessa.

The aim of this essay is to focus on the integration of railroads and stations in the urban context, drawing particular attention to the architectural approach and touching upon the way new forms of interaction with the existing cities can be envisioned. Starting with some historical premises about the matter, one excellent example from the past will be illustrated, the Vienna’s Stadtbahn by Otto Wagner. This project is still very contemporary with regard to the approach towards integration of railroads and cities. The final reflection will be addressing the stations of Amsterdam Central and Amsterdam Sloterdijk. Some of the themes, very clearly tackled by Wagner’s project, are actually very fruitful contribution particularly when thinking about several spatial but also functional challenges that current stations and station areas bring about.

Rail technologies, which have been continuously developing since the Industrial Revolution, have caused changes in the standards used for railway vehicles and tracks. Effects of these changes have also been specified on railway architecture which is an important element of industrial railway heritage. Considering the periods of steam trains, diesel trains and electric trains, standards changing along with the developments in rail technologies in Turkey will be examined;; their reflections on railway architecture will be evaluated with examples from Istanbul;; the current period of transition to high-­speed train and its possible effects on railway architectural heritage will be described. In Istanbul, throughout history, in reflection of changing standards on architecture, the general intervention approach has been 'adaptation'. Rather than losing or sacrificing architectural components which have been the witnesses and also the instruments in railroad transportation through history, it was preferred to implement some modifications on existing buildings in order to adapt to the new standards. Therefore, railway architecture has been able to survive as an important element of industrial heritage. However, currently, in Istanbul, at the stage of transition to high-­speed trains, with the new change in standards, it is observed that architectural heritage is being neglected and in some cases, the buildings are facing the threat of destruction. Therefore, within the study, the priority of conserving the railway architectural heritage at the transition to high-­ speed trains will be emphasized and it will be aimed to develop awareness for the conservation of railway heritage.

The BIM process applied to the built environment represents a much debated topic in the last decade, but it still contains unanswered questions. National and international frameworks introduced standards mainly focused on the levels of detail definition related to new project, leaving a wide interpretation on the 3D reconstruction of existing building. On the other hand, the increase in the use of this modeling approach and the possible expansion of this application in the nearly future lead to predict a significant rise in built field, requiring a general assessment both on global methodology and on its peculiarities. Starting from the complete description and analysis of two modern railway architectures, based on integrated survey, 2D representation up to 3D modeling in BIM environments, the article tries to highlight the limits in the 3D BIM modeling applied on existing construction, suggesting possible solutions in relation with the obtained results. The process is critically ev...

Part 1-Research background Introduction Object of study and research structure Research method and consulted sources Existing field of research Other PhD theses at the TU Delft Specification of terms and theoretical framework Research hypotheses Motivations

The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the construction of the Companhia Paulista railway workshops took place in Jundiaí, São Paulo. The temporal cut is limited to the nineteenth century, comprising the years between 1892 and 1896, the period of the original building's construction. This type of study is justified by the fact that the workshops in Jundiaí had a unique type for the period, compared to same kind of structures in the state of São Paulo. Through visual observation and knowledge of specific bibliography, elements such as implantation, materials, systems, openings and ornaments were analyzed. From this analysis, it is possible to broaden the knowledge about some construction techniques used, as well as to elucidate some aspects of the built industrial heritage.

Article in MONU #32 "Affordable Urbanism", discussing how a benign negligence of sorts allowed for certain acts of resistance to emerge from the occupants of railway arches in London's Elephant & Castle.
Read it here: http://theatrum-mundi.org/library/benign-neglect/

Przedmiotem artykułu jest forma architektoniczna dworców kolejowych wzniesionych w pierwszych latach po odzyskaniu przez Polskę niepodległości, w związku z budową największej inwestycji kolejowej okresu międzywojennego - magistrali węglowej, łączącej górnicze zakłady na Śląsku z portami morskimi w Gdańsku i Gdyni. Omawiane w opracowaniu obiekty stanowią w zasadniczej mierze realizację kilku, przygotowanych w ramach inwestycji, projektów typowych, aczkolwiek są pośród nich także projekty indywidualne. W artykule poruszono także zagadnienie roli konkursów architektonicznych i zaangażowania zawodowych architektów przy projektowaniu obiektów kolejowych. Czas przełomu lat 20. i 30. jest okresem schyłkowym stylistyki narodowej w architekturze, w której coraz mocniej do głosu dochodzą modernistyczne tendencje funkcjonalistyczne, co wyraźnie uwidacznia się w kolejnych etapach przedmiotowej inwestycji.

If cultural display is what happens onstage, what is the urban backstage, where production, experimentation, and rehearsal take place? Our investigative approach aims to document the ‘urban backstage’—the often-invisible spaces in which culture is produced before it meets the public eye.
The journal reflects a work-in-progress, our ongoing reflection, the first reaction to our incoming data and the first few months of our research. It’s an invitation to further contribution, critique, and encouragement.
The first issue focuses on the neighbourhood of Elephant and Castle in London. It offers a window into rehearsal rooms, food production, makers’ studios and creative workspaces, asking what makes these places to work and how they are used?

Download full text: http://theatrum-mundi.org/library/urbanbackstages-londonfieldwork/