Programming Languages

In the last twenty years, many different approaches to deal with Computer-Interpretable clinical Guidelines (CIGs) have been developed, each one proposing its own representation formalism (mostly based on the Task-Network Model) execution engine. We propose META-GLARE a shell for easily defining new CIG systems. Using META-GLARE, CIG system designers can easily define their own systems (basically by defining their representation language), with a minimal programming effort. META-GLARE is thus a flexible and powerful vehicle for research about CIGs, since it supports easy and fast prototyping of new CIG systems.

7th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AI 2021) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Artificial Intelligence and its applications. The Conference
looks for significant contributions to all major fields of the Artificial Intelligence, Soft Computing in theoretical and practical aspects. The aim of the Conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and
share cutting-edge development in the field. Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the following areas, but are not limited to.

In software upgradation code clones are regularly utilized. So, we can contemplate on code location strategies goes past introductory code. In condition of-craftsmanship on clone programming study, we perceived the absence of methodical overview. We clarified the earlier research-in view of deliberate and broad database find and the hole of research for additionally think about. Software support cost is more than outlining cost. Code cloning is useful in several areas like detecting library contents, understanding program, detecting malicious program, etc. and apart from pros several serious impact of code cloning on quality, reusability and continuity of software framework. In this paper, we have discussed the code clone and its evolution and classification of code clone. Code clone is classified into 4 types namely Type I, Type II, III and IV. The exact code as well as copied code is depicted in detail for each type of code clone. Several clone detection techniques such as: Text, token, metric, hybrid based techniques were studied comparatively. Comparison of detection tools such as: clone DR, covet, Duploc, CLAN, etc. based on different techniques used are highlighted and cloning process is also explained. Code clones are identical segment of source code which might be inserted intentionally or unintentionally. Reusing code snippets via copying and pasting with or without minor alterations is general task in software development. But the existence of code clones may reduce the design structure and quality of software like changeability, readability and maintainability and hence increase the continuation charges.

Neurologie pédiatrique (3° Éd.) La pathologie neurologique infantile occupe une place majeure dans la pathologie pédiatrique, en raison de sa fréquence et de la gravité de ses conséquences sur le développement psychomoteur des enfants. La 3e édition de Neurologie ...

9
th International Conference of Artificial Intelligence and Fuzzy Logic (AI & FL 2021)
provides a forum for researchers who address this issue and to present their work in a peerreviewed forum. Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that
illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe
significant advances in the following areas, but are not limited to these topics only.
Authors are solicited to contribute to this conference by submitting articles that illustrate
research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant
advances in the areas of Artificial Intelligence & applications

The International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA). It is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of AI for researchers, programmers, and software and hardware manufacturers. The journal also aims to publish new attempts in the form of special issues on emerging areas in Artificial Intelligence and applications.

Authors are solicited to contribute to the journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of Artificial Intelligence & applications.

Dear Reader,

Let's get the introductions out of the way.I am not a recruiter. I am a software engineer. And as such, I know what it's like to be asked to whip up brilliant algorithms on the spot and then write flawless code on a whiteboard. I know because I've been asked to do the same thing-in interviews at Google, Microsoft, Apple, and Amazon, among other companies.

I also know because I've been on the other side of the table, asking candidates to do this. I've combed through stacks of resumes to find the engineers who I thought might be able to actually pass these interviews.
I've evaluated them as they solved-or tried to solve-challenging questions. And I've debated in Google's Hiring Committee whether a candidate did well enough to merit an offer. I understand the full
hiring circle because I've been through it all, repeatedly. And you, reader, are probably preparing for an interview, perhaps tomorrow, next week, or next year. I am here to help you solidify your understanding of computer science fundamentals and then learn how to apply those fundamentals to crack the coding interview.

The 6th edition of Cracking the Coding Interview updates the 5th edition with 70% more content: additional questions, revised solutions, new chapter introductions, more algorithm strategies, hints for all problems,
and other content. Be sure to check out our website, CrackingTheCodinglnterview.com, to connect with other candidates and discover new resources. I'm excited for you and for the skills you are going to develop. Thorough preparation will give you a wide range of technical and communication skills. It will be well worth it, no matter where the effort takes you!

I encourage you to read these introductory chapters carefully. They contain important insight that just might make the difference between a "hire" and a "no hire:' And remember-interviews are hard! In my years of interviewing at Google, I saw some interviewers ask "easy" questions while others ask harder questions. But you know what? Getting the easy questions doesn't make it any easier to get the offer. Receiving an offer is not about solving questions flawlessly (very few candidates do!). Rather, it is about answering questions better than other candidates. So don't stress out when you get a tricky question-everyone else probably thought it was hard too. It's okay to not be flawless. Study hard, practice- and good luck!

Gayle L. McDowell
Founder/CEO, CareerCup.com
Author of Cracking the PM Interview and Cracking the Tech Career

The International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA). It is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of AI for researchers, programmers, and software and hardware manufacturers. The journal also aims to publish new attempts in the form of special issues on emerging areas in Artificial Intelligence and applications.

Time Limit: 1 second In the Marvelous Mountain, there are N attractions. Each attraction is labeled from 1 to N. There are M one-way cable car lines to connect pairs of attractions. The length of a cable car line is a positive integer. As we want most visitors to travel from the attraction S to the attraction T, we should consider possible plans to reduce the length of the shortest path to travel from S to T. We have a list of proposals with K new two-way cable car lines that can be built. Your task is to select one of the K proposed cable car lines to build so that, upon finishing this new cable car line, the length of the shortest path from S to T is minimized. Input The first line contains five integer numbers: N, M, K, S, and T (N ≤ 10 5 , M ≤ 2 × 10 5 , K < 10 5 , 1 ≤ S, T ≤ N, and S ≠ T). The i th line of the following M lines contains 3 positive integer numbers: ai, bi, and li, denoting that the i th cable car line is from the attraction ai to the attraction bi, and has the length of li (li ≤ 10 9). The j th line of the following K lines contains 3 positive integer numbers: uj, vj, qj, denoting that the new possible two-way cable car line can be built from uj to vj (and vice versa), with the length for each way of qj (qj ≤ 10 9). Output Display an integer number that is the minimum length of the shortest path to go from S to T, after building a new two-way cable car line. Print-1 if there is no way to go from S to T, even with any new cable car line in the proposal list.

ABSTRACT In this paper we discuss issues in real-time image processing, including applications, approaches and hardware. In particular, we discuss the failure of existing programming languages to support these considerations and present requirements for any language that can support real-time image processing.

This paper gives a brief overview of the three core features of LC, a new computer music programming language we prototyped: (1) prototype-based programming at both levels of compositional algorithms and sound synthesis, (2) the mostly-strongly-timed programming concept and other features with respect to time, and (3) the integration of objects and functions that can directly represent microsounds and the related manipulations for microsound synthesis. As these features correspond to issues in computer music language design raised by recent creative practices, such a language design can benefit both the research on computer music language design and the creative practices of our time, as a design exemplar.

Implementasi algoritma Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) pada robot untuk pencarian sumber kebocoran gas memerlukan informasi posisi dari setiap robot. Penggunaan kamera memungkinkan untuk mendapatkan informasi posisi robot yang lebih absolut dan akurat dibandingkan dengan perangkat pencari informasi posisi lainnya. Paper ini memaparkan suatu metode yang akan digunakan untuk mencari posisi robot. Metode yang diajukan menggunakan beberapa teknik pengolahan citra, seperti, Color Filtering dan Blobs Filtering guna mengenali dan memperoleh posisi robot. Berdasarkan eksperimen yang telah dilakukan, metode ini mampu menentukan posisi absolut robot sehingga ia dapat menyediakan informasi posisi robot dalam implementasi algoritma PSO.

The RFID technology is becoming ever more popular in the development of ubiquitous computing applications. A full exploitation of the RFID potential requires the study and implementation of human–computer interaction (HCI) modalities to be able to support wide usability by the target audience. This implies the need for programming methodologies specifically dedicated to support the easy and efficient prototyping of applications to have feedback from early tests with users. On the basis of our field-working experience, we ...

Purpose -This paper aims to present the semantic content identifier (SCI), a permanent identifier, computed through a linear-time onion-peeling algorithm that enables the extraction of semantic features from a text, and the integration of this information within the permanent identifier. Design/methodology/approach -The authors employ SCI to propose a mechanism for simultaneously checking the authenticity and degrees of similarity between different information objects, and present an empirical investigation of the method. A management scenario for the control of the authentication process and the detection of the degree of violation of documents is proposed. Findings -Such a mechanism could be adopted as a component of libraries' strategy for the protection of the copyrights for documents published on the web. Practical implications -The use of the proposed numeric code can be utilised efficiently as a constituent part of the digital object identifier (DOI) system, making its computation more efficient and meaningful. Originality/value -The identifier proposed in the paper can result in a more efficient index for identifying and retrieving objects in a digital library, as well as online repositories and commercial applications that can handle information retrieval requests more effectively.

Software metrics are widely accepted tools to control and assure software quality. A large number of software metrics with a variety of content can be found in the literature. In this paper, different software complexity metrics are applied to a set of sorting algorithms Our intention is to study what kind of new information about the algorithms the complexity metrics (Procedural Cognitive Complexity Metric, lines-of-code, Halstead's volume, and Cyclomatic number) are able to give, to study which software complexity measures are the most useful ones in algorithm comparison, and to analyze when the software complexity comparisons are appropriate. The results explicitly revealed that the complexity metrics compare well with one another. Unfortunately, for meaningful results, all the algorithms have to be developed in the same fashion which makes the comparison of independent implementations difficult.

Potencializar as habilidades de literacia digital e cultura participativa, por meio do ensino de programação usando como recurso o Scratch, é o tema desse artigo. A reunião entre literacia digital e cultura participativa pode gerar um ambiente propício para aproveitar as várias oportunidades que o meio da tecnologia proporciona em várias situações, inclusive no âmbito da educação, em especial, a educação Matemática. Defendemos que as escolas necessitam ser ambientes que ajudem a preparar os jovens para um mundo que está em constante transformação. Utilizar as TIC para promover a experimentação e a inovação, por vezes na forma de jogo, o que diminui o risco de errar e estimula as pessoas a assumirem riscos que as levem a novas descobertas.

THPdb (http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/thpdb/) is a manually curated repository of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved therapeutic peptides and proteins. The information in THPdb has been compiled from 985 research publications, 70 patents and other resources like DrugBank. The current version of the database holds a total of 852 entries, providing comprehensive information on 239 US-FDA approved therapeutic peptides and proteins and their 380 drug variants. The information on each peptide and protein includes their sequences, chemical properties, composition, disease area, mode of activity, physical appearance, category or pharmacological class, pharmacodynamics, route of administration, toxicity, target of activity, etc. In addition, we have annotated the structure of most of the protein and peptides. A number of user-friendly tools have been integrated to facilitate easy browsing and data analysis. To assist scientific community, a web interface and mobile App have also been...

The article describes requirements to educational programming languages and considers the use of Python as the first programming language. The issues of introduction of this programming language into teaching and replacing Pascal by Python are examined. The advantages of such approach are regarded. The comparison of popular programming languages is represented from the point of view of their convenience of use for teaching algorithmization and programming.

Distributed computing is a process through which a set of computers connected by a network is used collectively to solve a single problem. In this paper, we propose a distributed com- puting methodology for training neural networks for the detection of lesions in colonoscopy. Our approach is based on partitioning the training set across multiple processors using a parallel virtual

Continuous advancements and rapid developments of electronics, computing, network and web technologies have been much concerned in recent period of time. The emerging technologies including teleoperation, communication and control via web, visual servo control and so forth, have induced high motivation and demand towards the researchers who belong to conventional control and robotics. In this research, teleoperation and template matching techniques are applied to control the motion of industrial robot arms remotely via network. The system has two motion control behaviors; rough motion of the robot arm is handled by teleoperation technique and accurate motion is governed by visual template matching. Two behaviors are switched, from one to another appropriately according to the desired motion. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is verified by the experimental results.

Over time the level of abstraction embodied in programming languages has continued to grow. Yet, most programming languages still require programmers to conform to the language's rigid constructs. These constructs have been implemented in the name of efficiency for the computer. The continual increase in computing power allows us to consider techniques that are no longer limited by this constraint. To this end, we have created CABERNET, a Controlled Nature Language (CNL) approach. CABERNET allows programmers to use a simple outline-based syntax. This allows increased programmer efficiency and syntax flexibility. CNLs have successfully been used for writing requirements documents. We propose taking this approach well beyond this to fully functional programs. Our approach uses heuristics and inference to analyze and determine the programmer's intent. The goal is for programs to be aligned with the way that the humans think rather than the way computers process information.

Automatic license plate recognition is a Computer Vision technique which is able to recognize a license plate number. This system is useful in many field likes parking lots, private and public entrances, theft control. In this paper we designed such a system. First we capture the image from camera then load into system after that we used OpenCV library tools. Then we make the training set of different characters of different sizes. On the basis of these training set we extracted the character from images. When the license plate is detected, its digits are recognized and displayed in the GUI. In this mainly focuses on Neural Network and proprietary tools OpenCV in which ALPR systems implementing using Free Software Open Computer Vision Library including Java.

The .NET Framework is a runtime execution environment that manages applications that target the .NET Framework. It consists of the common language runtime, which provides memory management and other system services, and an extensive class library, which enables programmers to take advantage of robust, reliable code for all major areas of application development.

The emergence of OpenFlow-capable switches enables exciting new network functionality, at the risk of programming errors that make communication less reliable. The centralized programming model, where a single controller program manages the network, seems to reduce the likelihood of bugs. However, the system is inherently distributed and asynchronous, with events happening at different switches and end hosts, and inevitable delays affecting communication with the controller. In this paper, we present efficient, systematic techniques for testing unmodified controller programs. Our NICE tool applies model checking to explore the state space of the entire system-the controller, the switches, and the hosts. Scalability is the main challenge, given the diversity of data packets, the large system state, and the many possible event orderings. To address this, we propose a novel way to augment model checking with symbolic execution of event handlers (to identify representative packets that exercise code paths on the controller). We also present a simplified OpenFlow switch model (to reduce the state space), and effective strategies for generating event interleavings likely to uncover bugs. Our prototype tests Python applications on the popular NOX platform. In testing three real applications-a MAC-learning switch, in-network server load balancing, and energyefficient traffic engineering-we uncover eleven bugs. In this paper, we use the terms "OpenFlow application" and "controller program" interchangeably.

We propose a set of methods to classify vendors based on estimated CPU performance and predict CPU performance based on hardware components. For vendor classification, we use the highest and lowest estimated performance and frequency of occurrences of each vendor to create classification zones. These zones can be used to identify vendors who manufacture hardware that satisfy a given performance requirement. We use multi-layered neural networks for performance prediction, which account for nonlinearity in performance data. Various neural network architectures are analysed in comparison to linear, quadratic, and cubic regression. Experiments show that neural networks obtain low error and high correlation between predicted and published performance values, while cubic regression produces higher correlation than neural networks when more data is used for training than testing. An analysis of how the neural network architecture affects prediction is also performed. The proposed methods can be used to identify suitable hardware replacements.

Assessment of the economic value of software systems is useful in contexts such as capitalization on the balance sheet and due diligence prior to acquisition. Current accounting practice in determining software value is based on the cost spent in software development. This approach fails to account for the efficiency with which software has been produced or the quality of the product. This paper proposes three alternative models for determining the production value of software, based on the notions of technical debt and interest. We applied the models to 367 proprietary systems developed by a range of different organisations using a range of different programming languages. We present the valuation results and discuss the weaknesses and strengths of the models.