Online Recommendation System

In the last few years, it is clear that changes in technologies have altered the ways people shop across the globe, particularly through the Internet. Online shopping experience represents one of these ways, presenting opportunities for people to shop online. However, online store owners are quite concerned about how online shopping experiences seem to influence customer attitudes. In this regard, this research investigates the relationships between the online shopping experience, the attitude towards online shopping, and e-customer engagement. A survey questionnaire was distributed to 342 online customers shopping in Saudi Arabia, through Google form survey procedure. The application of SPSS, and structural equation methods shows two results. On the one hand, providing a positive online shopping experience leads to cultivating a favorable attitude toward online purchasing, and consequently improving e-customer engagement. Gender, on the other hand, has no effect on the impact of on...

This paper investigates determinants of recommendation systems’ performance in an online experiment in a large European Internet footwear store. By combining transactional data and archival customer records, a unique database was compiled from which proxy variables were extracted to represent dimensions of consumer loyalty and shopping involvement. These variables were combined in regression analysis with technical characteristics of two types of algorithms employed for generating recommendations: the EMDE algorithm, relying on the LSH method, and the industry-standard CF-RS. Statistical analysis reveals that recommendations are more successful when visual data modality is combined with behavioural data. Better recommendation performance was found to be associated with lower levels of consumer involvement in shopping, as well as higher levels of trust and engagement with the vendor. Experience with the vendor showed a negative correlation with recommendation performance through both...

Highland triggers of soil physical degradation through the fragilisation of soil aggregates are primarily factors of soil biochemistry and anthropogenic mishandling of land resources. Soil degradation forms are challenging the sustenance of human systems on earth. This study probes into soil physical degradation and exposure to external stressors using 60 soil samples collected and analysed for soil aggregate stability, vulnerability and erodibility to determine soil structural stability/resilient capacity. The soils were found to be stable in structure, but highly vulnerable to stress and erodible. Coarse-granitic sandy soils just as the less evolved erosion soils of the eastern slopes of the plateau were proven to be most erodible and vulnerable to physical degradation. Soil Structural Stability Index (ISS) was very low (≤ 4.3%: severe physical degradation) for disturbed soils under grazing with similar tendencies on cultivated humid volcanic soils. High erosion vulnerability/erod...

The main theme of the present study has been taken to know the using behaviour of agrochemicals and pesticides and their impacts on human health at Rangasree union of Barisal district in Bangladesh. Both the primary and secondary sources of data are integrated to achieve the findings of the study. Primary data were collected through direct field observation survey, questionnaire survey, focus group discussion (FGD) and expert's opinion survey. There are 400 questionnaires were selected randomly and conducted during the months of April 2015 to December 2015. Secondary data were collected from various official records and related researchers' publications through their paper and articles and also internet sources. It is observed from the study that a significant number of farmers (31%) were used to apply white nitrogen fertilizer mainly Urea in their field. They used to familiar some other agrochemicals namely; triple super phosphate (TSP), murate of potash (MP), zinc and single super phosphate (SSP) by 26%, 21%, 8%, and 7% respectively found in the study area. It is known from the study that maximum (95%) farmers are habituated to use urea fertilizer. It is observed that (82.5%) farmers were used to apply Basudin

This paper investigates determinants of recommendation systems’ performance in an online experiment in a large European Internet footwear store. By combining transactional data and archival customer records, a unique database was compiled from which proxy variables were extracted to represent dimensions of consumer loyalty and shopping involvement. These variables were combined in regression analysis with technical characteristics of two types of algorithms employed for generating recommendations: the EMDE algorithm, relying on the LSH method, and the industry-standard CF-RS. Statistical analysis reveals that recommendations are more successful when visual data modality is combined with behavioural data. Better recommendation performance was found to be associated with lower levels of consumer involvement in shopping, as well as higher levels of trust and engagement with the vendor. Experience with the vendor showed a negative correlation with recommendation performance through both...

Under the changing climate documentation of soil carbon and nutrients is indispensable for sustainable crop production which is scarce in the agro-ecological zone (AEZ) of Northern and Eastern Piedmont Plains in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study was conducted collecting and analyzing a total of 240 soil samples considering 0-20 cm soil depth from two upazilas viz. Purbadhola and Akhaura under the mentioned AEZ to quantity carbon stock and nutrient contents of soils. Organic carbon stocks in soils of Purbadhola and Akhaura upazila were 45.97 and 97.04 Gg, respectively, while in the Northern and Eastern Piedmont Plains was 8.56 Tg. The soil pH was very strongly acidic to slightly acidic (4.4-5.8), organic carbon contents (0.53-1.31%) were very low to medium, while the overall soil fertility rated as very low to medium. Balanced fertilization using organic and inorganic sources in general and liming for upland crops might improve fertility and productive capacity of soils in the study a...

Under the changing climate documentation of soil carbon and nutrients is indispensable for sustainable crop production which is scarce in the agro-ecological zone (AEZ) of Northern and Eastern Piedmont Plains in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study was conducted collecting and analyzing a total of 240 soil samples considering 0-20 cm soil depth from two upazilas viz. Purbadhola and Akhaura under the mentioned AEZ to quantity carbon stock and nutrient contents of soils. Organic carbon stocks in soils of Purbadhola and Akhaura upazila were 45.97 and 97.04 Gg, respectively, while in the Northern and Eastern Piedmont Plains was 8.56 Tg. The soil pH was very strongly acidic to slightly acidic (4.4-5.8), organic carbon contents (0.53-1.31%) were very low to medium, while the overall soil fertility rated as very low to medium. Balanced fertilization using organic and inorganic sources in general and liming for upland crops might improve fertility and productive capacity of soils in the study a...

This paper investigates determinants of recommendation systems’ performance in an online experiment in a large European Internet footwear store. By combining transactional data and archival customer records, a unique database was compiled from which proxy variables were extracted to represent dimensions of consumer loyalty and shopping involvement. These variables were combined in regression analysis with technical characteristics of two types of algorithms employed for generating recommendations: the EMDE algorithm, relying on the LSH method, and the industry-standard CF-RS. Statistical analysis reveals that recommendations are more successful when visual data modality is combined with behavioural data. Better recommendation performance was found to be associated with lower levels of consumer involvement in shopping, as well as higher levels of trust and engagement with the vendor. Experience with the vendor showed a negative correlation with recommendation performance through both...

This paper investigates determinants of recommendation systems’ performance in an online experiment in a large European Internet footwear store. By combining transactional data and archival customer records, a unique database was compiled from which proxy variables were extracted to represent dimensions of consumer loyalty and shopping involvement. These variables were combined in regression analysis with technical characteristics of two types of algorithms employed for generating recommendations: the EMDE algorithm, relying on the LSH method, and the industry-standard CF-RS. Statistical analysis reveals that recommendations are more successful when visual data modality is combined with behavioural data. Better recommendation performance was found to be associated with lower levels of consumer involvement in shopping, as well as higher levels of trust and engagement with the vendor. Experience with the vendor showed a negative correlation with recommendation performance through both...

Long term crop cultivation affects the soil indigenous nutrient supply which is the basis of sustainable nutrient management. The field experiment was conducted during 2015-2019 to study the effects of nutrient omission on rice yield and soil inherent nutrient supply capacity in a rice-fallow-rice cropping system under wetland condition. The experiment received seven treatments [Control, recommended dose of NPKSZn fertilizer, (-N)PKSZn, N(-P)KSZn, NP(-K)SZn, NPK(-S)Zn and NPKS(-Zn)] in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest yield reduction was found with the omission of N in each rice crop illustrating that N was the most deficient nutrient in the soil. After three cropping years, omission of P and K significantly reduced the rice grain yield indicating that although initially the soil could supply these nutrients, they should be added to soil for continuous rice cultivation. However, no significant yield reduction was observed due to Zn omission, while the results of S omission was inconsistent. The contribution of soil to rice yield varied with crop growing seasons and was higher in Aman season (67%) compared to Boro season (43%). The recommended fertilizer dose sustained the rice yield during the study period. However, after five years of rice cropping soil available P and K content reduced from its initial content even in the recommended fertilizer treatment. Therefore, our study suggests that in long term crop cultivation the fertilizer dose should be updated regularly to maintain sustainable yield and soil health.

The study was carried out during 2007-2008 season in the research field of Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Dinajpur to know the effect of lime, Magnesium (Mg) and Boron (B) on yield and yield components of wheat and also their residual effect on mungbean. The geographical position of the area is between 25°62´ N, 88°63´ E and 38.20 meter above sea level. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, both in wheat and mungbean. Treatments for wheat were (I) recommended fertilizer + Mg + B, (II) recommended fertilizer + lime + B + Mg, (III) recommended fertilizer + lime + Mg, (IV) recommended fertilizer + lime + B and (V) control (Only recommended fertilizer) and for mungbean were (I) recommended fertilizer + Mg + B, (II) 75% of recommended dose, (III) recommended fertilizer + B, (IV) recommended fertilizer + Mg and (V) control (without fertilizers). Results showed that the highest yield and yield components...

Reliable hydraulic parameters values are essential and crucial basic data for potential groundwater withdrawal (aquifer yield) and also for sustainable groundwater management. They are also essential for simulation model study for different management scenario analyses. The laboratory test has limitations, while in situ tests produce representative aquifer parameters. The pumping test method is the only method that provides simultaneous information on the hydraulic behavior of the well, the aquifer, and the aquifer boundaries. Pumping tests were performed to determine aquifer hydraulic properties such as hydraulic conductivity (K), transmissibility (T), and specific yield (Sy) at two Upazilas of the Barind area, namely Nachol and Niamatpur. The aquifer formation is composed of layers: upper fine sand, medium sand, a conductive sand layer, and lower fine sand at the bottom, below which the impervious clay layer exists. The K was determined through Dupit's steady radial flow equation, T through Theis's and Copper-Jacob approach, and Sy through Copper-Jacob and gravity drainage of aquifer materials. The mean K, T, and Sy were found as 30.3 m 3 /m 2 /day, 756.7 m 3 /m/day, and 4.6%, respectively for the Nachol location; and 52.7m 3 /m 2 /day, 1027.3 m 3 /m/day and 6.6%, respectively for Niamatpur location. The values obtained are supported by regional values reported earlier, and also by other locations' values situated elsewhere having similar aquifer materials. To achieve long-term sustainability in the studied locations, withdrawal of groundwater resources should be optimized considering the aquifer hydraulic properties values.

This paper investigates determinants of recommendation systems' performance in an online experiment in a large European Internet footwear store. By combining transactional data and archival customer records, a unique database was compiled from which proxy variables were extracted to represent dimensions of consumer loyalty and shopping involvement. These variables were combined in regression analysis with technical characteristics of two types of algorithms employed for generating recommendations: the EMDE algorithm, relying on the LSH method, and the industry-standard CF-RS. Statistical analysis reveals that recommendations are more successful when visual data modality is combined with behavioural data. Better recommendation performance was found to be associated with lower levels of consumer involvement in shopping, as well as higher levels of trust and engagement with the vendor. Experience with the vendor showed a negative correlation with recommendation performance through both its main effect and by its interactions with other consumer-related variables.

The impacts of climate change especially on water resources are beginning to manifest both globally and regionally. More disturbing is the fact that developing countries, particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa, are the most affected by these impacts due mainly to their high exposure, sensitivity, and low adaptive capacity. For Ghana, the general climate change has manifested in rising temperatures, declining rainfall, high extreme weather conditions, and rising sea levels. In response to these challenges, the country has developed national adaptation strategies for implementation at regional, district, community, and individual levels. Key among the strategies for reducing the impacts of climate change on the water are the conservation of water resources, improving and sustaining the quality of water, and increasing the availability of water for domestic and agricultural purposes. However, the level of vulnerability to climate change is influenced by both social and spatial factor...

This study reveals how users' play patterns can predict their next purchase after recommending the game. While prior research has recognized what convinces users to choose the games, what has been lacking is considering unique characteristics of video games allowing consumers to experience video games permanently until satiation. Thus, this study examines: (1) How does user play time influence next purchase timing after expressing opinions via the review systems? and (2) How does the relationship between play patterns and re-purchase timing patterns change by game genres? To answer these research questions, we collected data from Valve Corporation's Steam. Using an R program to crawl the data, we gathered 244,360 reviews from 6,170 games between February 2018 and March 2018. With Cox proportional-hazards models, we found that user play patterns were dependening on their satisfaction with the games. We also found that if a user stops playing, even after recommending a game, they are less likely to buy a new game. Additionally, frustrated players turn to variety-seeking behavior, thus spending time playing other games, and are more likely to buy new games. In the subgroup analysis, we also found that users who recently played a Casual game have the highest probability of buying a new game. Video games are an interesting experience goods due to their unique characteristics; consumers can keep consuming products until they are satiated. However, to our best knowledge, there is a lack of study about satiation's effect on game consumption. Many researches on video games have examined various topics with many research methodologies, such as descriptive statistics, experiments, survey, observational studies, or network analyses. However, unlike previous studies, we directly collected user play pattern and purchase data from Valve and examined how the behavior of purchasing a new game is related to user play pattern after the recommendation. This is a novel methodology of using data crawling and econometrics modeling to investigate game users' purchase behavioral patterns with the observational data. So, we believe that our study can benefit marketing managers and game developers, providing critical information regarding target markets and play patterns of potential consumers.

Módulo: 1 Actividad: 1 Fecha: 04 de septiembre del 2020 INSTRUCCIONES: 1. De forma individual y utilizando la teoría del enfoque compensatorio, deberás elegir 6 atributos que consideres importantes para la elección de un servicio (universidad, restaurante o seguro de vida) y describe su declaración de creencia. Restaurante: Panamá-Precio: El precio es muy accesible para todas las personas los precios bajos atraen al consumidor.-Sabor: considero que el sabor de los alimentos es único e inigualable por la calidad de los ingredientes que utilizan, todos los platillos se disfrutan por su rico sabor.-Cercanía del lugar: Una de las sucursales del restaurante se encuentra cerca de mi casa esto contribuye mucho a que yo asista con mucha frecuencia.-El buen servicio: En el restaurante Panamá nos ofrecen muy buen servicio, los trabajadores son muy amables y atentos lo que hace que sus clientes regresen. Recomendaciones: Es un restaurante que todos los Mazatlecos conocemos y por lo tanto es muy recomendado por su buen sabor y bajos precios. Prestigio: Es un restaurante con muchos años y cuentan con muchas sucursales lo cual hace que tenga gran prestigio por sus años de experiencia. 2. Elabora una tabla en donde establezcas los 5 atributos que consideres importantes para analizar la mejor de 5 restaurantes al momento de elegir (Tu primera tabla deberá quedar de la siguiente forma: 2.3. Después deberás asignar un valor (el peso o la importancia) a cada atributo, en donde un 1 es la ponderación más baja y un 10 la más alta. Reporte

Since the Late Preclassic, the ball court has been one of the most widely distributed features throughout Mesoamerican territory. Despite its maximum splendor in sites in the Mayan and Olmec area, this ritual and political phenomenon has important architectural expression within the archaeological complex of La Quemada in Zacatecas. To place this enclosure in an absolute chronological framework, an archaeomagnetic study was carried out on two fire pits within rooms associated with the court and a burnt cavity on one of its walls. The dating exercise for the first fire pit yielded an interval between 931 and 1006 CE as the best estimate of temporality for its last use. Two equally likely intervals were obtained from the second one (693-947 CE and 1463-1623 CE), so it is not possible to rule out any of them. The burnt cavity revealed a single interval between 757 and 980 CE These periods would correspond to the La Quemada Phase and its transition to the Citadel Phase, which was the last period of activity in the area before the ball court was abandoned. However, the dating of fire pit 2, which shows a possible late occupation (1463-1623 CE), could be interpreted as a reoccupation during the Postclassic by Zacatecos groups.

In its first part, this publication presents general information about the ambassadorial prikaz. It is a part of the so-called Prikaz System in Russia, whose nascency date back to the end of the 15th and the beginning of the 16th century, and has existed for more than 200 years. During its existence, the ambassadorial prikaz carried out various tasks, the main one being the conduct of the foreign affairs of the Russian state. It was closed with the liquidation of the Prikaz System in the early 18th century.

The second and main part of the publication discusses the activities of the ambassadorial prikaz in the managing the visits from the Orthodox East to the Russian lands. For this purpose, a document is used, which is stored in the RSAAA (Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts). The document is from the middle of the 17th century’. It is written in Russian and in essence is a file that provides information about the visitation in Russia of a delegation from the Monastery "Transfiguration of Jesus" of the Greven Diocese. The delegation is led by Archimandrite Gavril (Gabriel). In its composition are also the butler of the monastery David, Hieromonk Joseph and a translator whose name in Russian is written as Mihailo Ostafiev. The contents of the file provide detailed information on the activities of the Russian authorities and, in particular, on the ambassadorial prikaz on the managing the visits from the Orthodox East in Russian lands.

Digitalization of business units is more pronounced to small and medium enterprises in developing countries that have to compete with both large and small firms from developed world in equal times-courtesy of globalization. SMEs in the developing countries need to therefore come up with appropriate internal strategies, such as digitalization of services, in order to remain competitive. The objective of thisstudy was to investigate the influence of digital capability on the competitiveness of SMEsin Nairobi City County, Kenya. Descriptive survey design used employed both systematic and random sampling procedures. Data was collected using structured questionnaires containing both open and close-ended questions. The predictor variables were digital sensing capability, digital enabled strategy, digital seizing capability and digital resource management. The study found that digital sensing capability has a positive and significant impact on competitiveness of SMEs since the competitiveness of the firm had improved due to the SME capacity to serve customers better. The study further found that developing a digitally enabled growth strategy and mind-set contributes to the overall organization competitiveness by a factor of 0.206 with a significance coefficient of 1.3% which is less than the 5% significance level. Based on the capacity to seize opportunities in the market, the study findings revealed that there is a positive correlation (coefficient factor-0.097) between capacity to seize opportunities and SMEs competitiveness.It was also established that managing resources for digital transformation has a contributing factor of 0.157 towards the overall organizational competitiveness. Therefore adequate resources are allocated to the digitalization of process initiatives. From the empirical results, it is evident that digital transformation has a positive and strong correlation with SMEs competitiveness (R=0.727). The findings also shows that the digital transformation constructs studied contributes 52.9% (R square = 0.529) of the overall SME competitiveness. It is therefore imperative that digital transformation has a moderate and positive impact on organization competitiveness and that market opportunities are seized better using digital measures.

In September 2017, a team composed of archaeologists from the Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology of the Archaeology School of Jilin University and the Cultural Bureau of Lishu District was charged to carry a salvage excavation on the western side of the Pianliancheng city-site in Lishu district, Jilin province. This article presents the Jin Dynasty remains discovered during this excavation, including ditches, roads, pits and brick-chamber tombs. Based on the stratigraphic relations and the date of the excavated artifacts, these remains can be dated from the Jin period, furthermore, it can be deduced that the city wall itself was not built before the Jin Dynasty and that the archaeological evidence are in accordance with the identification of Pianliancheng as the Hanzhou City in the Jin Dynasty historical texts.

Salah satu karya monumental dan menjadi acuan dalam kajian sosiologi hukum. Pada khususnya, dan kajian hukum dan masyarakat pada umunya adalah karya Harry C. Bredemeire yang berjudul "law as an integrative mechanism" (1962) dimana di dalamnya antara lain mengkaji konsep "inputs-outputs"yang oleh sebagian pakar dinilai merupakan pengembangan dari konsep Sibernetika dari Thlcott Parsons (Vilhelm Aubert. 1975). Dari karya ini terlihat betapa hukum, khususnya pengadilan itu tidak mandiri, oleh karena selalu herlanesung hubungan saling pengaruh memengaruhi antara hukum dengan subsistem lain yang ada di dalam masyarakat. Kerangka kerja yang digunakan oleh Bredemeier adalah yang dikembangkan dari konsep TMcou Parsons dan para koleganya, khususnya yang dikemukakannya dalam karyanya yang berjudul Ekonomi dan Masyarakat (Parsons dan Smelse 1956). Kerangka kerja ini menetapkan empat proses fungsional yang besar untuk dikaji di dalam suatu sistem sosial: adaptasi (adaptation), pencapaian tujuan olll pursuence). Mempertahankan pota (pattern maintenance), dan integrase (integration). Parsons dan Smelser telah menyamakan adaptation dengan proses ekonomi, dan goal pursuance (pencapaian tujuan) dengan proses-proses politik. Proses-proses pattern maintenance mungkin merupakan konsep yang masih sangat kasar, tetapi cukup bagi tujuan-tujuan saat ini, yang disamakan dengan apa yang biasanya kita tunjuk sebagai sosialisasi. Proses-proses integratif tidak begitu tepat disamakan dengan pota-pota keluarga; tetapi Bredemeier menyarankan untuk menyamakan proses-proses hukum. Dari apa yang telah ditiraikan oleh Harry C. Bredemeir kita dapat membuat ringkasan berikut ini. Tampak bahwa yang disarankan oleh Harry C. Bredemeier dalam karanga itu adalah agar sistem hukum dipandang sebagai suatu mekanisme pengintegrasi, yang memberikan sumbangan berupa, "koordinasi" pada masyarakat.

This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.

ABSTRAK Globalisasi menyebabkan lingkungan bisnis mengalami perubahan yang begitu pesat dengan tingkat persaingan ketat. Oleh sebab itu, perusahaan dituntut untuk dapat melakukan kegiatan operasionalnya secara efektif dan efisien agar dapat mempertahankan eksistensinya. Hal ini menjadikan sistem informasi merupakan kekuatan yang sangat penting untuk membantu manajer dalam pengambilan keputusan. Informasi yang berkualitas yaitu informasi yang akurat, relevan dan tepat waktu. Oleh karena bentuk operasional perusahaan yang beragam, maka sasaran sistem informasi akuntansi juga beragam bentuknya. Diantaranya Sistem Informasi ABSTRACT Globalization has caused the business environment to experience rapid changes with the level of intense competition. Therefore, companies are required to be able to carry out their operational activities effectively and efficiently in order to maintain their existence. This makes information systems a very important force to assist managers in making decisions. Quality information, namely information that is accurate, relevant and timely. Due to the various forms of company operations, the objectives of accounting information systems also take various forms. Among them

This dissertation (written in Greek) discusses relations between Greeks ("Rum") and Turks ("Ottomans") in two historical novels by contemporary Greek author Yiannis Kalpouzos: "Ιμαρέτ" ("Imaret" - published 2008) and "Άγιοι και δαίμονες" ("Saints and Demons" - published 2011), both of which focus on the 19th century Ottoman Empire. "Άγιοι και δαίμονες" covers the period 1808 to 1831, around the Greek War of Independence, and takes place mainly in Constantinople, but also in Chios and the Black Sea area. "Ιμαρέτ" (the term designates the hostelries for travellers in or near Ottoman towns, which also served as orphanages and shelters for the poor) takes place between 1854 and 1882 in Arta, a town in Epirus annexed to Greece in 1881. The two novels, based on in-depth historical research, depict a broad and realistic spectrum of friendly, neighbourly, indifferent, hostile and murderous relations between the two communities, which lived separate but intertwined lives for centuries.

One of the most dynamic and exciting developments in information and communication technology is the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT). Automation can make work more smart and easy. This paper is focused on five different techniques such as home automation system using software defined networking (SDN) based firewall, by using Near Field Communication (NFC), client-server based home automation system, home automation using Zigbee wireless sensor communication technique and home automation technique with real time E-metering using E-controller etc. Even though, some issues arising in every method which are critically analyzed in this paper to improve these issues. The paper has proposed a new home automation technique with the use of IOT, so as to reduce the existing problems and make home automation more smart and secure.

La raíz de las plantas es fundamental porque permite su fijación en la tierra, sostiene la planta o árbol y sirve como conducto de agua, sustratos, minerales y nutrientes indispensables para el crecimiento y supervivencia de esos organismos. Su estructura consiste en capas concéntricas de diversos tejidos: epidermis (que es un tejido de protección), córtex, endodermis, floema (es un tubo fibroso, encargado de transportar la sabia elaborada desde las hojas, al resto del vegetal, inclusive hasta la raíz) y xilema (cuya función es el transporte de la sabia bruta desde la raíz al resto del vegetal y/o árbol), a partir del meristemo apical de la raíz (Campus UnADM, U2 Fisiología vegetal, 2020).

The international field of sign language linguistics is in need of standardized notation
systems for both form and function. This chapter provides an overview of available
means of notating components of manual signs, non-manual devices, and meaning. Attention
is also paid to problems of representing simultaneous articulators of hands, face,
and body. A final section provides an overview of several tools of multimedia analysis.
Standardization, in the twenty-first century, requires attention to computer-based storage
and processing of data; numerous links are provided to web-based facilities. Throughout,
the chapter addresses theoretical problems of defining and relating linguistic levels of
analysis in the study of sign languages.

The voluminous literature on linguistic relativity has concerned itself primarily with the search for influences of particular languages on nonlinguistic cognition in situations in which language is not being used, overtly or covertly. This represents a long tradition in which anthropologists, psychologists, and linguists have sought to relate grammatical and semantic systems of a language to the worldview or epistemology or culture of the community of speakers of the language. For example, Lucy has proposed a set of requirements for studies of linguistic relativity. He stipulates that such research "should assess the cognitive performance of individual speakers aside from explicitly verbal contexts and try to establish that any cognitive patterns that are detected also characterize everyday behavior outside of the assessment situation" (Lucy, 1996, p. 48, emphasis added). In this view, "cognition" is seen as a collection of concepts and procedures that come into play regardless of whether an individual is engaged in verbal behavior-speaking, listening, or verbal thinking. Such research is directed towards what Lucy calls "an independent cognitive interpretation of reality" (Lucy, 2000, p. xii). A rather different approach to "cognition" is provided by investigators who concern themselves with language use and cultural practice. For example, Gumperz and Levinson, introducing Rethinking linguistic relativity (1996, p. 8), underline the importance of "theories of use in context," including formal semantic theories (e.g., Discourse Representation Theory, Situation Semantics) and pragmatic theories (Relevance Theory, Gricean theories), along with research in sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology. In the present paper, I begin with the fact that human beings spend a large portion of their time in linguistic behavior of one sort or another-that is, we are creatures that are almost constantly involved in preparing, producing, and interpreting verbal messages. Accordingly, research on linguistic relativity is incomplete without attention to the cognitive processes that are brought to bear, online, in the course of using language.

How and why did Siegmund Prillwitz succeed in getting DGS [German Sign Language] recognized without extensive traveling from congress to congress, like so many colleagues in our field? This question intrigued me (N.H.) in the years after our first meeting in 1984 in Hamburg, when I didn't see him in the following series of sign language conferences in Europe and the United States. Indeed, he was among the first sign language researchers in northwestern Europe-open, eager, and enthusiastic to discover the structure of DGS and promote the acceptance of "his" sign language in his orally-oriented country. In 2001, visiting the Institut für Deutsche Gebärdensprache, I finally settled on the answer to my question. Siegmund didn't have to travel: His talent was to send people out from Hamburg and to attract people to Hamburg to discuss work and ideas about many sign languages. He succeeded in this with the support of his ostfriesische Gastfreundlichkeit: Kaffee, Kuchen, Gemütlichkeit. By doing so, he kept every visitor caught by his sense of Deaf art, history, and culture-broadening the visitor's vision. Indeed, Siegmund doesn't have to travel extensively. He sends his ideas out as exports, just as the Port of Hamburg distributes valuable products across the world.

This paper discusses the importance of feedback, especially the implicit negative feedback in the learning process to enhance language development. The definition of the feedback and the types are elaborated in relation to how the types contribute in improving the comprehension and the acquisition of the second language in the process of communication with native and non-native speakers of English by providing comprehensible input and modified output. The theory of implicit negative impact which focuses on three significant areas: (1) type of implicit negative feedback, (2) the critical role of noticing to increase the knowledge and the acquisition by demonstrating research studies to prove, and (3) the key role of interaction to increase the acquisition and the comprehension are detailed with supportive literature. The paper also briefs some limitations encountered while applying such type of feedback in the learning process.

RESUMO: Este artigo busca refletir sobre o declínio da prática de leitura na atualidade. Aludindo ao universo ficcional, as razões dessa afirmação aludem à permanência de um fazer literário ainda vinculado a referenciais canônicos, ao impacto das tecnologias que descentram a subjetividade do homem, além de um registro poético definido por agudas transgressões na linguagem. Documentos oficiais como a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional, as Orientações Curriculares para o Ensino Médio e os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais sinalizaram uma reaproximação do leitor com a leitura, elegendo a intertextualidade, a interdisciplinaridade e o letramento literário como recursos didático-pedagógicos. Ao considerar o alcance e limites dessas práticas para envolver o aluno nas dimensões lúdica e estética do texto, concluímos que, ao rever as verdades e certezas absolutas da existência, a literatura reposiciona o indivíduo na sociedade, oferecendo-lhe outros sentidos em meio a sua difusa e fugaz presença no mundo.

Die Studie zur „Vereinbarkeit von Architektenberuf und Familie“ beschäftigt sich mit den Fragen, warum es so schwierig ist Architekturberuf und Familie unter einen Hut zu bringen, warum es so wenig Architektinnen in Österreich gibt und welche Strategien und Modele funktionieren, um Beruf und Familie unter einen Hut zu bringen. Hierfür wurden Interviews geführt und Fragebögen ausgewertet und 33 Fallbeispiele von österreichischen ArchitektInnen zusammengetragen. In der nun erschienenen Broschüre kann man anhand von Interviews, Steckbriefen und Strategiemodellen nachlesen wie und unter welchen Umständen ein zufriedenstellendes Familien- und Berufsleben erreicht werden kann, beziehungsweise in welchen Bereichen Handlungsbedarf besteht. Expertentexte stellen diese individuellen Erfahrungen auf ein wissenschaftliches Fundament. Fest steht: Berufliche Entscheidungen haben immer Auswirkungen auf das Familienleben und umgekehrt. Man kann solche Entscheidungen dem Zufall überlassen  oder man kann bewusst Entscheidungen fällen, um mehr Zufriedenheit im Zusammenspiel von Beruf und Familie zu erreichen. Die Ergebnisse der Studie sollen bei einer bewussten Entscheidungsfindung helfen und zu einer Sensibilisierung für das Thema der Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie in der Architektur beitragen.

Istilah e-wallet sekarang penggunanya semakin banyak, terlebih lagi setelah munculnya
aplikasi-aplikasi jual beli online atau e-commerce yang menyediakan fasilitas digital payment
dalam transaksinya, seperti Bukalapak ataupun Tokopedia yang menawarkna promo
menggiurkan bagi pengguna aplikasinya. Sehingga banyak orang yang mulai merasakan
kepraktisan, efisiensi, keamanan dan lain-lain dalam menggunakan layanan e-wallet untuk
bertransaksi. Penelitian ini berfokus pada faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi
berkembangnya penggunaan e-wallet di masyarakat. Tulisan ini menggunakan studi literature
yang diambil dari beberapa jurnal dan situs yang membahas mengenai penggunaan e-wallet
sebagai digitak payment di kalangan masyarakat.

Kata kunci : e-wallet, e-commerce, digital payment

The article is an attempt to show how the perceptive sound studies can be combined with the social character of music in animation activities. In the first parts of the ar- ticles, theoretical background and perspectives of sound studies are presented, with particular emphasis on issues related to the analysis of sounds in the dimension of human activity. The second part refers to researchers who treat the process of creat- ing and listening to music as a bonding and identity tool. Further on, three models of listening to the housing estate were presented. The first one – listening as a sound map, the second one – listening as a sound walk, and the third one – listening as creation.

Setelah terjadi beberapa perdebatan, diketahui bahwa ilmu komunikasi merupakan ilmu yang dikelompokkan dari bagian ilmu-ilmu sosial. Menurut undang-undang pokok tentang perguruan tinggi nomor 22 tahun 1961 ada empat golongan ilmu yaitu ilmu agama/kerhanian, ilmu kebudayaan, ilmu sosial dan ilmu eksakta dan tekhnik. Diketahui bersama bahwa manusia adalah makhluk sosial yang tidak dapat hidup sendiri, sehingga dari itu kita pasti melakukan interaksi dan terjadi komunikasi di dalamnya. Terdapat tiga pengertian komunikasi apabila kita lihat dari konteks dasarnya. 1. Perspektif Estimologi Secara epistimologi komunikasi berasal dari bahasa latin communication yang dasar katanya communis artinya sama makna dan sama rasa mengenai suatu hal. Dari pernyataan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebenarnya proses komunikasi akan berlangsung apabila terdapat partisipasi yang bersangkutan dan memilki tujuan atau pencapaian yang sama dalam berkomunikasi. Kemudian ada tiga unsur yang dilakukan dalam tahpan komunikasi ini yaitu sumber,isi pesan dan tujuan. Sumber berarti bahwa ada seseorang yang menyampaikan informasi, lalu ada isi pesan yaitu gagasan atau apa yang ingin disampaikan dan terakhir tujuan yaitu pencapaian terakhir yang diharapkan dalam proses komunikasi. Lalu dalam proses komunikasi ini ada yang berperan sebagai komnikator dan komunikaan, komunikator yang menyampaikan pesan dan komunikan sebagai penerima pesan. Namun seseorang juga dapat berperan ganda sebagai komunikator dan komunikan. Selanjutnya, ada yang disebut transmit stimuli yaitu usaha menyamoiakn pesan dari seorang komunikator untuk mwnyampaikan lambing-lambang tertentu sehingga lambing ini dapat mempengaruhi tindakan.