Next Generation Network

The advent of 5G technology is believed to have mutual basic requirements such as high reliability and extremely high data rates. Meeting up with such demand changes the overall fifth generation (5G) network architecture. 5G is aim at interconnecting all wireless Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) for seamless and reliable Quality of Experience (QoE) where every network is in control of its UE’s mobility, while the network providers manages the operation at the terminal. The proliferation of Voice over IP (VoIP) applications over the years attracts the attention of a number of telecommunication industries. VoIP is targeting to overtake the existing traditional Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN), with the packet based network, that can support multimedia services globally. In this work we proposed a new standalone Internet Telephony Transport Protocol (ITTP) architecture that unite the functionality User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and Real-time Transmission Protocol (RTP) to convey medi...

We show how the applications utilizing a Future Internet architecture can benefit from its features like quality of service (QoS) provisioning and resources reservation. We demonstrate, how proposed applications address content, context and user awareness basing on the underlying Next Generation Network (NGN) infrastructure and how it can be used to host service-based applications.

Mobile network operators are facing ever-increasing traffic demands because of the numerous data-hungry applications used by subscribers nowadays. As a result, technologies that support high bandwidth and network availability have become essential. One such technology is dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). This study investigated the evolution of an optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM), which is one of the key components of DWDM technology. The goal of this research was to investigate how the evolution of an OADM has contributed to network survivability and bandwidth enhancement in DWDM optical networks. A thorough search of the literature on an OADM was undertaken using data sources like Google Scholar, Elsevier, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, Springer, and DWDM vendor manuals. The study found that in order to address present and future DWDM optical network demands, a reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) deployed over flexgrid spectrum is essential. The most advanced iteration of a ROADM supports colorless, directionless, contentionless, and flex-grid functionalities, resulting in the most robust, flexible, and future-proof DWDM optical network. The study further found that flex-grid technology supports uplinks with high line rates and has superior spectral efficiency.

Mobile multimedia services have recently become of extreme industrial relevance due to the advances in both wireless client devices and multimedia communications. That has motivated important standardization efforts, such as the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) to support session control, mobility, and interoperability in all-IP next generation networks. Notwithstanding the central role of IMS in novel mobile multimedia, the potential of IMS-based service composition for the development of new classes of ready-to-use, energyefficient, and cost-effective services is still widely unexplored. The paper proposes an original solution for the dynamic and standard-compliant redirection of incoming voice calls towards WiFi-equipped smart phones. The primary design guideline is to reduce energy consumption and service costs for the final user by automatically switching from the 3G to the WiFi infrastructure whenever possible. The proposal is fully compliant with the IMS standard and exploits the recently released IMS presence service to update device location and current communication opportunities. The reported experimental results point out that our solution, in a simple way and with full compliance with state-of-the-art industrially-accepted standards, can significantly increase battery lifetime without negative effects on call initiation delay.

Sensing is a recent research trend that aims at providing widespread computing and sensing capabilities to enable the creation of smart environments that can sense, process, and act by considering input coming from both people and devices. The capabilities necessary for Pervasive Sensing are nowadays available on a plethora of devices, from embedded devices to PCs and smartphones. The wide availability of new devices and the large amount of data they can access enable a wide range of novel services in different areas, spanning from simple data collection systems to socially-aware collaborative filtering. However, the strong heterogeneity and unreliability of devices and sensors poses significant challenges. So far, existing works on Pervasive Sensing have focused only on limited portions of the whole stack of available devices and data that they can use, to propose and develop mainly vertical solutions. The push from academia and industry for this kind of services shows that time is mature for a more general support framework for Pervasive Sensing solutions able to enhance frail architectures, promote a well balanced usage of resources on different devices, and enable the widest possible access to sensed data, while ensuring a minimal energy consumption on battery-operated devices. This thesis focuses on pervasive sensing systems to extract design guidelines as foundation of a comprehensive reference model for multi-tier Pervasive Sensing applications. The validity of the proposed model is tested in five different scenarios that present peculiar and different requirements, and different hardware and sensors. The ease of mapping from the proposed logical model to the real implementations and the positive performance result campaigns prove the quality of the proposed approach and offer a reliable reference model, together with a direction for the design and deployment of future Pervasive Sensing applications.

Converged networks are viewed as a multi-access platform on which fixed and mobile communications can be easily merged into a unified system thus enabling the deployment of rich and personalized services. In this paper, we provide the outcomes of our research into the challenges introduced by terminal mobility in converged networks. This was achieved by carrying out performance based evaluations on various mobile network properties at the access, core and application levels of converged networks and then analysing how they affect the platform individually and as a whole. We also provide the details of our state-of-the-art experimental tests, and analyses that were carried out on emulated converged network test beds, novel architectures, recommendations and extensions which were specifically developed to improve the performance of mobile applications and services in converged networks building on key technologies such as Mobile IPv6, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Networks.

This study examines issues pertinent to the rapidly evolving use of information as a cwrency of modem economies. Access to information has important benefits that can be achieved in many areas including, social-economic development, education and healthcare. In healthcare, for example, access to appropriate information can minimise visits to physicians and periods of hospitalisation for patients suffering from chronic conditions, such as asthma, diabetes, hypertension and HIV lArDS. This will in turn reduce the cost of healthcare provision. This study examines theoretical and conceptual aspects of E-health as an leT application area. Various definitions are presented in order to expOlllld concepts associated with E-health. In the study, the links to a successful chain of trust to manage patient health records for E-health deployment are described. These are based on four technology pillars: identity management, asset management, data storage and information security. Practical solut...

Mobile IP represents a simple and scalable global mobility solution but lacks support for fast handoff control and real-time location tracking found in cellular networks today. In contrast, third generation cellular systems offer seamless mobility support but are built on complex and costly connection-oriented networking infrastructure that lacks the inherent flexibility, robustness and scalability found in IP networks. Future wireless networks should be capable of combining the strengths of both approaches without inheriting their weaknesses. In this paper we present analysis of Cellular IP, a new host mobility protocol which represents one such approach. Cellular IP incorporates a number of important cellular system features but remains firmly based on IP design principles. The protocol presented in this paper is implemented as extensions to the ns simulator.

The growth of the Internet and its popular services are forcing telecom operators to provide advanced services to their subscribers, as traditional voice services are no longer enough to attract more customers. To enable more innovative and value-added IP services and take advantage of the services that the Internet provides, the IP Multimedia Subsystem(IMS) is introduced. The IMS provides a complete access-agnostic architecture and framework that facilitates the convergence of the mobile network, removing the gap between the two most successful communication networks that are the cellular and the Internet network. The harmonized All-IP platform has the potential to provide all Internet services with a more cost-effective and more efficient architecture than the circuit-switched networks do. However, by merging two of the most successful networks, the integration of two network models with different concerns and motivations is not without its problems, among which the scalability issue is the most essential, when supporting content delivery services. The purpose of this chapter is to study and design a new content delivery network infrastructure, PeerMob, merging the Peer-to-Peer technology with the IMS framework, which benefits IMS with scalability, reliability, and efficiency features coming with decentralized P2P architecture. The chapter also puts this P2P IMS paradigm under realistic network conditions and strenuous simulation to evaluate the performance of the P2P IMS system.

Over the past few years, the Virtual Organization (VO) paradigm has been emerging as an ideal solution to support collaboration among globally distributed entities (individuals and/or organizations). However, due to rapid technological and societal changes, there has also been an astonishing growth in technologies and services for mobile users. This has opened up new collaborative scenarios where the same participant can access the VO from different locations and mobility becomes a key issue for users and services. The nomadicity and mobility introduces additional challenges for managing collaboration in VO environments. This paper focuses on the Identity Management challenge in a Mobile Dynamic VO environment, which is a VO that takes into account nomadicity and seamless mobility aspects as elaborated within the EU funded project Akogrimo (Access to Knowledge through the Grid in a mobile world). The resulting work is the design of the Akogrimo Identity Management system supporting the authentication and authorization process across the different administrative domains of the Mobile Dynamic VO. This design follows the service oriented approach and integrates the different perspectives: that of the network, that of the user and that of the service provider. Such an integration requires facing challenges; both from the architectural and technological viewpoints because different 'worlds' (i.e. network and service level) leverage different (and sometimes conflicting) approaches when addressing Identity Management.

Despite the amelioration in communication technologies, the server network I/O bottleneck remains a severe obstacle in video-on-demand applications. All bandwidth-sharing techniques, proposed to overcome this, assume videos to be requested in their entirety. In this paper, we extend the video-on-demand delivery problem so that it allows users to request parts of video and be able to receive them at that instant. Specifically, we propose an efficient technique called Multicast Jumping (MJ) that provides many desirable properties such as: (1) The demand on the server bandwidth is significantly alleviated; (2) True and scaleable video on demand is achieved; (3) Not only for streaming video segments on demand, but the technique also works for on-demand videos in their entirety.

We propose a transmit scheme for WiMAX systems, where multiple base stations (BSs) employ downlink transmit beamforming and nulling for interference mitigation, with minimal coordination amongst BSs. This scheme improves system throughput and robustness, by increasing cell edge and overall cell throughputs by 68% and 19%, respectively, and by delivering improvement for mobile speed up to 60 km/h. First, cell edge users suffering from severe interferences are identified. Next, the RRM unit allocates resource to serving cell edge users only. BSs will schedule to serve their cell edge users independently using the allocated resources by the RRM. A special uplink sounding region is designed for BSs to learn the interference environment and form proper beams and nulls. The nulls formed towards users served by other BSs reduced interference from a BS towards these users and is the basic building block of our algorithm.

The telecommunications landscape is undergoing a period of dramatic change. A near term next generation network (NGN) is emerging characterized by a rich set of services and a dynamic and competitive marketplace where innovation and time to market will be critical success factors. Changing consumer-provider relationships, competitive pressures and new e-commerce technologies will accelerate the use of real time payment and prepayment techniques. This will increase the demand for real-time processing of charging data. Powerful, new, charging support systems will be needed to enable real time charging of these new services. Policy based management appears to offer potential solutions.

Adequately supporting applications with Quality-of-service (QoS) requirements is a challenging task, particularly in the Internet. In great part, this is due to the fact that the provisioning of end-toend QoS to traffic that traverses multiple autonomous systems (ASes) requires a level of cooperation between ASes that is difficult to achieve in the current architecture. Recently, service overlay networks have been considered as an approach to QoS deployment that avoids these difficulties. In this study, the problem of the topological synthesis of a service overlay network is addressed. Endsystems and nodes of the overlay network are connected through ISPs that supports bandwidth reservations. The topology design problem is expressed as an optimization problem. Even though the design problem is related to the (in general NP-hard) quadratic assignment problem, it is shown that relatively simple heuristic algorithms can deliver results that are sometimes close to the optimal solution with little overhead.

The exponential growths of the World Wide Web (WWW) users have made the deployment of proxy servers popular on a network with limited resources. WWW clients perceive better response time, improved performance and speed when response to requested pages are served from the cache of a proxy server, resulting in faster response times after the first document fetch. This work proposes cyclic multicast as a scalable technique for improving proxy server performance for next generation networks. The proposed system uses a cyclic multicast engine for the delivery of popular web pages from the proxy server cache to increasingly large users under limited server capacity and network resources. The cyclic multicast technique would be more efficient for the delivery of highly requested web pages from the cache to large number of receivers. We describe the operation of the cyclic multicast proxy server and characterized the gains in performance.

The exponential growths of the World Wide Web (WWW) users have made the deployment of proxy servers popular on a network with limited resources. WWW clients perceive better response time, improved performance and speed when response to requested pages are served from the cache of a proxy server, resulting in faster response times after the first document fetch. This work proposes cyclic multicast as a scalable technique for improving proxy server performance for next generation networks. The proposed system uses a cyclic multicast engine for the delivery of popular web pages from the proxy server cache to increasingly large users under limited server capacity and network resources. The cyclic multicast technique would be more efficient for the delivery of highly requested web pages from the cache to large number of receivers. We describe the operation of the cyclic multicast proxy server and characterized the gains in performance.

Telecommunication services are rapidly increasing with the network growth towards the Next Generation Networks (NGN). The main problems of this growth are the extreme difficulty of service management and the integration of new services. To address these issues we believe that we need to share common understanding of the term Service. The key technology is the ontological definition of NGN services. We present a literature about service meanings from several communities (Business, Information technology and Telecommunications). Then, based on this, we propose the NGN Service Definition which is linking the several definitions of services adopted by TMF, ETSI, 3GPP; OMA... This Service Definition is then applied to an example of the real world services: Presence Service.

This position paper outlines the author's view on architectural directions and key technology enablers for the future mobile Internet. It is pointed out that mobile and wireless services will dominate Internet usage in the near future, and it is therefore important to design nextgeneration network protocols with features suitable for efficiently serving emerging wireless scenarios and applications. Several key requirements for mobile/wireless scenarios are identified -these include new capabilities such as dynamic spectrum coordination, cross-layer support, disconnection tolerant routing, content addressing, and location awareness. Specific examples of enabling technologies which address some of these requirements are given from ongoing research projects at WINLAB. Topics covered briefly include wireless network virtualization, the cache-and-forward (CNF) protocol, geographic (GEO) protocol stack, cognitive radio protocols, and open networking testbeds.

This paper presents a novel "cache-and-forward" (CNF) protocol architecture for mobile content delivery services in the future Internet. The CNF architecture can be implemented as an overlay on top of the Internet Protocol (IP), or as a clean slate protocol for next-generation networks. CNF is based on the concept of store-and-forward routers with large storage, providing for opportunistic delivery to occasionally disconnected mobile users and for in-network caching of content. The proposed CNF protocol uses reliable hop-by-hop transfer of large data files between CNF routers in place of an end-to-end transport protocol like TCP. This approach makes it possible to serve mobile users with intermittent connectivity, while also mitigating selfinterference problems which arise in multi-hop wireless scenarios. Hop-by-hop transport is similarly useful in wired networks where router storage can help to smooth out link congestion bottlenecks which arise in TCP/IP networks. A second key feature of the CNF protocol is the integration of addressbased and content-based routing to support various content delivery modes that take advantage of in-network storage. An overview of the CNF architecture and major protocol components is given, and preliminary performance evaluation results are summarized to validate the main design principles.

This position paper outlines the author's view on architectural directions and key technology enablers for the future mobile Internet. It is pointed out that mobile and wireless services will dominate Internet usage in the near future, and it is therefore important to design nextgeneration network protocols with features suitable for efficiently serving emerging wireless scenarios and applications. Several key requirements for mobile/wireless scenarios are identified -these include new capabilities such as dynamic spectrum coordination, cross-layer support, disconnection tolerant routing, content addressing, and location awareness. Specific examples of enabling technologies which address some of these requirements are given from ongoing research projects at WINLAB. Topics covered briefly include wireless network virtualization, the cache-and-forward (CNF) protocol, geographic (GEO) protocol stack, cognitive radio protocols, and open networking testbeds.

We propose a new paradigm-named the Pervasive Trust Foundation (PTF)-for computer security in Next Generation Networks, including the Future Internet. We start with a review of basic trust-related terms and concepts. We present motivation for using PTF as the basis for security in ISO OSI networks. The paper includes our five contributions. First, we define trust in the small (TIS) and trust in the large (TIL), where TIL is equivalent to PTF. Second, we list and contrast required and prohibited features of PTF-based systems. Third, we enumerate claims of benefits derived from using PTF. Fourth, we identify two major obstacles to PTF realization, and discuss multiple approaches to overcoming these obstacles. The more important of the two obstacles can be eliminated by showing an efficient implementation of PTF-based security. Fifth, we present an outline for the Basic Reference Model for PTF for Next Generation Networks. Summary and discussion of future work concludes the paper.

The physical layer is responsible for frequency selection, carrier frequency generation, signal detection, modulation, and data encryption. As with any radio-based medium, the possibility of jamming attacks in this layer of WMNs is always there. Jamming is a type of attack which interferes with the radio frequencies that the nodes use in a WMN for communication . A jamming source may be powerful enough to disrupt communication in the entire network. Even with less powerful jamming sources, an adversary can potentially disrupt communication in the entire network by strategically distributing the jamming sources. An intermittent jamming source may also prove detrimental as some communications in WMNs may be time-sensitive. More complex forms of radio jamming attacks have been studied in , where the attacking devices do not obey the MAC layer protocols. Different types of attacks are possible in the MAC layer of a WMN. Some of the major attacks at this layer are: passive eavesdropping, jamming, MAC address spoofing, replay, unfairness in allocation, pre-computation and partial matching etc. These attacks are briefly described in this subsection. i. Passive eavesdropping: the broadcast nature of transmission of the wireless networks makes these networks prone to passive eavesdropping by the external attackers within the transmission range of the communicating nodes. Multi-hop wireless networks like WMNs are also prone to internal eavesdropping by the intermediate hops, whereby a malicious intermediate node may keep the copy of all the data that it forwards without the knowledge of any other nodes in the network. Although passive eavesdropping does not affect the network functionality directly, it leads to the compromise in data confidentiality and data integrity. Data encryption is generally employed using strong encryption keys to protect the confidentiality and integrity of data. ii. Link layer jamming attack: link layer attacks are more complex compared to blind physical layer jamming attacks. Rather than transmitting random bits constantly, the attacker may transmit regular MAC frame headers (no payload) on the transmission channel which conforms to the MAC protocol being used in the victim network . Consequently, the legitimate nodes always find the channel busy and back off for a random period of time before sensing the channel again. This leads to the denialof-service for the legitimate nodes and also enables the jamming node to conserve its energy. In addition to the MAC layer, jamming can also be used to exploit the network and transport layer protocols . Intelligent jamming is not a purely transmit activity. Sophisticated sensors are deployed, which detect and identify victim network activity, with a particular focus on the semantics of higher-layer protocols (e.g., AODV and TCP). Based on the observations of the sensors, the attackers can exploit the predictable timing behavior exhibited by higher-layer protocols and use offline analysis of packet sequences to maximize the potential gain for the jammer. These attacks can be effective even if encryption techniques such as wired equivalent privacy (WEP) and WiFi protocol access (WPA) have been employed. This is because the sensor that assists the jammer can still monitor the packet size, timing, and sequence to guide the jammer. Because these attacks are based on carefully exploiting protocol patterns and consistencies across size, timing and sequence, preventing them will require modifications to the protocol semantics so that these consistencies are removed wherever possible.

Résumé/Abstract Mobile Network Operators have invested massively into the roll-out of their UMTS or 3rd Generation Mobile Networks. Now they are changing their focus from infrastructure roll-out to the deployment of new attractive data and multimedia services in ...

Since the beginning of Internet, network researchers have been proposing methodologies and tools to facilitate the design and development of new protocols for Internet. Analytical modeling, network simulation, network emulation, and more recently, testbeds, are being used in these researches. However, there are advantages and disadvantages in all these methodologies making difficult to decide on the ideal methodology and tool. In this paper, we propose a new methodology to evaluate Next Generation Networks that permits the integration of design, development and test of a new protocol or network service using different tools. The approach was demonstrated by designing a simple example of a network service.

The internetwork system between Future IP Networks and ZigBee Wireless Networks has two main approaches; the SIP Proxy Based approach, and the ZigBee Stack Based approach. Because of the dynamic nature of the ZigBee devices, both approaches need to be improved to support the connectivity system and the Quality of Service (QoS) for different types of sensing and actuating applications. This paper proposes an initial design for a modified version of SIP (Mod-SIP) for ZigBee Stack Based approach. In addition, the paper introduces the Combined Approach which is an enhanced internetwork system used to provide more reliable and flexible connectivity system between ZigBee WPANs, and the IP clouds. An initial design and simulation efforts on OPNET implemented to study the current approaches and compare it with the proposed approaches. It shows that the SIP Proxy Based approach is not efficient for Future IP Networks applications as it has a high rate of End-to-End delays because of the lack of flexibility between SIP signaling system and the ZigBee WPANs. The initial investigations shown that the Combined approach can provide more reliable connectivity system with the support for the QoS for different types of instantaneous applications such as VoIP and video conferencing.

DiffServ-like domains bring new challenges to quality of service (QoS) multicast routing simply by shifting the focus from individual flows into classes of flows. Packets are marked at edge routers and receive differentiated treatment according to the class and not the flow that they belong to. DiffServ therefore became adverse to multicast, as packet replication inside the domain may require classification and remarking functions not present in core nodes. At the interdomain level, no doubt multicast QoS complexity is increased by the interleaving of DiffServ and non-Diffserv domains, making it more difficult to address QoS multicast in an end-to-end perspective. In today's real interconnection world, classes of service have no meaning in certain links of a full interdomain path. While the problem is not new, as already pointed out, there are no real efforts to bring multicast back to a classof-service domain without compromising its model of operation. In this article, we present an innovative multicast QoS routing strategy, clearly designed for the

Cognitive network in an effective technique for utilization of spectrum. In wireless communication one of the most recent advancement is leading to flexibility of spectrum usage. According to licensed spectrum policy, a large part of spectrum remains useless and it is leading to wastage of spectrum. In recent wireless communication, a major demand for this technology is for fair spectrum assignment to unlicensed (secondary) users. This led to the technological development of cognitive radio. Which optimize the spectrum usage. For effective usage of radio frequency spectrum, cognitive radio networks have been proposed and allowing the secondary user to occupy the spectrum whenever the primary user is not using it. To avoid interference with the primary user, secondary user should constantly check the usage of spectrum.Current networking scenario is facing the great scarcity of spectrum and cognitive networks is promising to solve the problem of spectrum.

Personalization and effective user profile management will be critical to meet the individual users' needs and for achieving e-Inclusion and e-Accessibility. This paper outlines means to achieve the goal of the new ICT era where services and devices can be personalized by the users in order to meet their needs and preferences, in various situations. Behind every instance of personalization is a profile that stores the user preferences, context of use and other information that can be used to deliver a user experience tailored to their individual needs and preferences. Next Generation Networks (NGN) and the convergence between telephony and Internet services offer a wide range of new terminal and service definition possibilities, and a much wider range of application in society. This paper describes the personalization and profile management activities at European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Technical Committee Human Factors, together with relevant experimentations in recent European research projects.

In this work, our main objective is to explore how Software Routers (SRs) can deploy advanced and flexible paradigms for supporting novel control plane functionalities and applications. To this purpose, we explore and study a new opensource SW framework, namely Distributed SW ROuter Project (DROP), which aims at developing and enabling a novel distributed paradigm for IP-router control and management. DROP is partially based on the main guidelines of the IETF ForCES standard (and can be also considered as its sole opensource realization), and it allows building logical network nodes through the aggregation of multiple SRs, which can be devoted to packet forwarding or to control operations. In addition to the original ForCES design, DROP will aim at extending router distribution and aggregation concepts by moving them at a geographical/network-wise scale in order to enable and to support value-added services for next-generation networks.

Ils etaient une poignee, ceux qui, au debut des annees 1990, pensaient que les technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) etaient susceptibles de porter le developpement d'une "nouvelle" economie. De facto, quand le "jeune" Vice-President americain All Gore s'attela au lancement du programme des "Autoroutes de l'Information", il s'agissait avant tout d'accompagner la sortie de crise americaine grâce a un grand programme d'infrastructure d'inspiration tres keynesienne. La plupart des specialistes des TIC ne croyaient nullement que ce programme serait susceptible de provoquer a lui seul un bouleversement en profondeur de l'economie car tous ne pouvaient que constater que les efforts que les Etats-Unis consacraient depuis plusieurs annees a des investissements massifs dans les TIC ne leur permettaient pas de rattraper son retard sur le champion economique de l'epoque : le Japon. C'etait d'aill...

Elder Hidalgo, Cecilia Ayala, PhD. Boris Ramos Facultad de Ingeniería en Electricidad y Computación Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral Vía Perimetral Km. 30.5, Guayaquil, Ecuador hhidalgo@espol.edu.ec, anayala@espol.edu.ec, bramos@espol.edu.ec

PREAMBULO is a currently running research project, funded by the MCYT, and whose main objective is to install, configure and operate a metropolitan fiber optic research infrastructure, providing a data transport network using IP directly over DWDM. The first part of the article describes the build up of both the physical and the logical network at the three different participating nodes:

In this paper, we present t-Room, the next generation video communication system we are developing. Our approach is to build rooms with identical layouts, including walls of display panels on which users and physical or virtual objects are all shown at life-size. In this way, the user space enclosed by t-Room's surrounding displays can be shared as a common space at any other site. In other words, the enclosed spaces overlap each other. This configuration effectively provides symmetric reproduction of the audio-visual information surrounding local and remote users and objects. The feeling provided by t-Room is different from that by conventional videoconferencing systems, since there is no spatial barrier separating users such as the video screen of a conventional videoconferencing system. Furthermore, t-Room benefits in every way from Next Generation Network (NGN) technology: QoS, service productivity, and security. We view t-Room as a future form of telephone service.

We propose a novel video mediation method that immerses remote users in a virtual shared space. In the implemented system using this method, video cameras and screens surround users, and on the screens placed behind them remote users and physical or virtual ...

Even with the availability of videoconferencing systems (VCSs), there are still occasions when there is no substitute for direct face-to-face discussions. Conventional VCSs have aimed to create a strong feeling of presence by using high-quality audio and video and virtual reality ...

For the next generation optical internet to meet the growing traffic needs WDM technology is the key issue to realize high capacity networking infrastructure. In this paper an efficient algorithm is implemented for circuit switching in wide area networks. This algorithm known as semelightpath algorithm has been applied to ARPANET and NSFNET to estimate the blocking probability of a call via fully optical or optoelectronics conversion. Blocking probability has been computed for the above networks. This approach for WDM networks ensures full guaranteed restoration against single link failure on dedicated path protection with and without spare capacity sharing of a network.

The convergence of wireless and Internet Protocol (IP) has led to the need for IP to handle mobility. The Mobile IP protocol was developed to facilitate IP mobility. However, it has a number of shortcomings for dynamically auto-configured networks.

Environmental sustainability issues and the costs of new power generation and transmission have increased the interest in evolving current power grid to new technologies. The Smart Grid is a promising technology, since it allows a distributed computing approach with potentials for selfdiagnosing/-healing, reliable multi-user communication and fast hard real-time control. However, the missing standardization associated with heterogeneity of legacy systems and wide-area service demands, makes very challenging to adopt Smart Grid in a cost-effective way. By considering this, we propose the Session-Oriented Communication System (SOCSys) to overcome the above issues by enhancing Smart Grid with truly reliable and robust capabilities over heterogeneous environments. SOCSys achieves this goal by orchestrating session-control with innovative network-centric facilities operating over a wireless mesh Information Network compliant with IEEE 802.11e/s standard. The simulation results show that SOCSys improved network performance in terms of bandwidth utilization and minimization of delay, while consuming low network resources. Graphical analyses showed that SOCSys supported multimedia sessions with excellent quality, where it outperforms the experiments with regular settings.

Identity and Access Management (IAM) infrastructures already provide a crucial and established technology, enabling researchers and students to access services like computing facilities and electronic resources. However, the rise of complex and fully digitalized scientific workflows, world-wide research co-operations, and the reliance on external services and data sources poses new challenges to IAM architectures and their federations. Due to the non-uniform structure of such services each service provider is implementing its own accessand security-policy. As a result of license restrictions or privacy concerns, a user has to be authenticated and authorized by different entities in different contexts and roles to access complex research data, i.e. requesting a digital object as well as appropriate processing tools and a rendering environment. In order to enable seamless scientific workflows, an efficient federated IAM architecture is required. In this paper we discuss the use-case o...

Providing reliable and accurate healthcare to refugees in an ad hoc setting can be challenging for a variety of reasons, and most settlements currently utilize little to no record keeping for patients. EHRaS, our mobile-first electronic healthcare record management system, can provide an inexpensive electronic healthcare record (EHR) solution that is flexible in last-mile applications where infrastructure and technical support is at a minimum. By utilizing NFC technology, novel caching practices, and an extensible interface, our system not only securely identifies patients and authorizesstaff to access sensitive medical data, but generally provides a competitive, low-overhead alternative to other open source EHR systems.

Background The aim of this review is to introduce the topic of next-generation DNA sequencing, a new technology that is being introduced into clinical practice, and to explain the potential impact for breast cancer surgeons and the wider breast cancer multidisciplinary team. Methods The PubMed database was used to identify relevant studies relating to breast cancer genetics. This evidence was then used to provide context and background information to demonstrate how next-generation sequencing (NGS) might change breast cancer practice. Results With NGS, breast cancer clinicians will know whether their patients carry high-risk mutations in genes, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2, before the start of treatment. This could alter treatment decisions; for instance, more women might opt for mastectomy instead of breast-conserving surgery, or for bilateral rather than unilateral surgery. Conclusion The introduction of NGS will have a significant impact on breast cancer services in the near future. Sp...

Thanks to the facilities offered by telecommunications, telemedicine today allows physicians and clinicians to access, monitor and diagnose patients remotely. Telemedicine includes several applications such as remote monitoring of chronically ill patients, monitoring people in their everyday lives to provide early detection and intervention for various types of diseases, computer-assisted physical rehabilitation in ambulatory settings, and assisted living for the elderly at home. These new applications require a reliable, wireless communication link between the devices implanted in the patient's skin and a clinician. In this article, we conducted a discussion on this issue and we address a list of performance criteria for the different communication link used, especially focusing on he satellite link.

Quiero dedicar este proyecto de grado a mis padres, y de manera muy especial a mis dos abuelos, José Gallegos Barba y Juan Aroca Gamboa, quienes estuvieron siempre conmigo en todo el desarrollo de mi formación académica y en la realización del presente proyecto de grado.

El presente estudio, tiene por objeto desarrollar un sistema de Telefonía IP para el Reitero mi agradecimiento a todos los excelentes profesores, que durante toda mi carrera universitaria en la Escuela Politécnica del Ejercito, me han preparado exitosamente para afrontar los retos profesionales, que el mundo actual exige. Agradezco y resalto el apoyo que recibí por parte de los funcionarios del Ilustre Municipio de Ambato, sobre todo del Departamento de Sistemas dirigido por el Ing. Xavier Francisco López, quien junto a su selecto grupo de colaboradores, me brindaron total apertura para poder desarrollar mi proyecto de grado, demostrando siempre un elevado espíritu de colaboración digno de destacar, agradezco también a mi buen amigo Marco Castillo, quien colaboró desinteresada y pro-activamente brindando asistencia en el desarrollo del monitoreo de la red.

The development of value added services is currently still very time and cost consuming. The need for specific user generated and in particular business-tobusiness services demands for efficient service development methods. This paper presents a service creation environment that supports the application developer to compose a service based on reusable components and to describe the business process through a control logic. Forthe service description a language that has been optimized for business prozesses is suggested: the Business Process Execution Language (BPEL). However, BPEL has not been developed for control of specific, in particular real time, communication services in heterogeneous networks.Therefore the paper presents a parser translating the business process description into Java code and supporting the deployment of the service in a service execution environment based on JAIN SLEE. The provided elementary communication Service Components hide the underlying heterogeneous communication networks. Thereby the developer does not need any detailed knowledge of communication protocols and is able to focus on the application logic instead. This leads to new opportunities for rapid and efficient service creation using a new Service Creation Environment (SCE) with higher level of abstraction and automated service generation.

The development of value added services is currently still very time and cost consuming. The need for specific user generated and in particular business-tobusiness services demands for efficient service development methods. This paper presents a service creation environment that supports the application developer to compose a service based on reusable components and to describe the business process through a control logic. Forthe service description a language that has been optimized for business prozesses is suggested: the Business Process Execution Language (BPEL). However, BPEL has not been developed for control of specific, in particular real time, communication services in heterogeneous networks.Therefore the paper presents a parser translating the business process description into Java code and supporting the deployment of the service in a service execution environment based on JAIN SLEE. The provided elementary communication Service Components hide the underlying heterogeneous communication networks. Thereby the developer does not need any detailed knowledge of communication protocols and is able to focus on the application logic instead. This leads to new opportunities for rapid and efficient service creation using a new Service Creation Environment (SCE) with higher level of abstraction and automated service generation.

In this paper, we present test result and practical analysis some of interoperability problems for PSTN emulation and simulation services. Before implementing next generation network, it is needed to provide a testbed for testing and evaluating vendor's equipment. ITRC NGN pilot is a testbed that implemented in Iran Telecom Research Center (ITRC) and four vendors have participated in the pilot. The pilot realized that there were many fail in interoperability test area. The Pilot analyzed test result and realized that the problems have been caused by two main factors: some vendors do not implemented standards completely and there are some ambiguities in standards.

La creciente difusión de terminales portátiles está llevando a un crecimiento vertiginoso del número de usuarios que piden poder acceder a Internet o a su propia red empresarial independientemente de su posición geográfica y de la tecnología de red disponible en el acceso (LAN, PTSN, GSM .. .). Tanto los operadores de telefonía móvil como los proveedores de servicios de Internet (ISP), por tanto, están cada vez más interesados en satisfacer la demanda de servicios de datos para usuarios móviles. Pero para conseguir esto son necesarios nuevos protocolos que permitan el acceso remoto del terminal móvil y la continuidad de las comunicaciones durante el movimiento. Las soluciones propuestas son varias y provienenfundamentalmente de dos ámbitos tan diversos como Internet o el entorno radiomóvil GSM y su ulterior evolución UMTS. Todo esto hace pensar en un escenario futuro en el que las compañías ofrecerán servicios de datos utilizando diversas redes de acceso con diferentes protocolos. Será necesario, por tanto, un protocolo que gestione la movilidad de una red a otra. Una posible solución que está teniendo una gran aceptación en el ámbito IETF es el uso de MobileIP / CellularIP.