An analysis of mobile signalling in converged networks

2010

The Evolved Packet Core (EPC), IP based, as defined by 3GPP, is the core network for the 4th generation networks. Within the EPC there are two mobility protocols defined to use on the S5/S8 interface between the Serving Gateway (SGW) and the Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW). The architecture and functionalities of the two involved gateways are different either of GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) or Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is deployed as the mobility management protocol on the S5/S8 interface. This paper evaluates the signalling costs of the two mobility management protocols when dynamic QoS and policy control are applied. The two mobility protocols are functionally compared against each other in general as well as within the EPC architecture. The evaluation of the signalling effort of the two mobility protocols is done by means of handover with SGW relocation and shows that GTP performs better than the PMIPv6.

… , 2008. IWCMC'08. …, 2008

In this paper, we describe a queueing network model representing the Mobility Plane Architecture, which allows mobile users to register in the system and move around while stay connected. This paper presents a system overview, including node attachment, node updating and handover procedures. Two queueing network models and their evaluation on a simulation tool are presented, resulting in some important conclusions for our architecture and other micro-mobility proposals. Results show the importance of considering L2 and L3 association times because they can affect all procedures involving new registration and handover.

2003

Internet signaling protocols establish, maintain and remove state along the data path. Next-generation signaling protocols design must meet the scaling requirements imposed by the various tasks of the Internet signaling applications, such as resource reservation and middlebox configuration, and to meet the demand for general functionality in signaling protocols, including strong security, reliability, congestion control, support for various signaling purposes and message sizes, and efficient support for mobility. This paper presents a generic signaling architecture, the Cross-Application Signaling Protocol (CASP) and describes how it supports efficient and secure signaling in IP mobility scenarios. In this approach, the signaling functionality is splitted into two layers: a generic messaging layer which provides the generic functionality for message delivery, and a client layer consisting of a next-hop discovery client and any number of client protocols which perform the actual signaling tasks. The essential mechanisms required to support mobility are: (1) a session identifier uniquely selected by the initiator and effective discovery of the cross-over node; (2) a branch identifier incrementally assigned for the new branch and efficient release of state in the abandoned branch; (3) ensuring discovery messages are delivered exactly following the path that mobile IP packets are encapsulated; (4) effective hop-by-hop authentication and reauthorization provided by the messaging layer, non hop-by-hop security for signaling clients and denial-of-service protection in the discovery client.

2003

We point out the different performance problems that need to be addressed when considering mobility in IP networks. We also define the reference architecture and present a framework to classify the different solutions for mobility management in IP networks. The performance of the major candidate micro-mobility solutions is evaluated for both real-time (UDP) and data (TCP) traffic through simulation and by means of an analytical model.

2002

ABSTRACT Mobile IP protocol came into being mainly as an answer to the need for connecting laptop computers to Internet without the restraint of mobile terminal remaining within the area of his home WLAN. Nevertheless, its development nowadays is driven by the idea of 4G cellular network and IP as a general solution for global mobility. As a result several extensions have been devised that aim at improving Mobile IP performance, especially handover delays, during local, i.e. intra-domain handovers. However, the question lingers on what is their outcome on other aspects of data transmission, especially UDP and TCP protocols. The paper tries to point out the most important relations between the implementation of micro-mobility extension and the performance of UDP, and specifically TCP, based on a series of simulations done in ns-2, with the use of micro-mobility extension model implemented by the authors.

… Systems Software and …, 2008

The telecom and the internet world is converging towards all-IP network architecture and the operators are keen to provide innovative multimedia services coupled with advanced features such as seamless mobility across heterogeneous access networks to the users. Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) provides the required application-level abstraction to enable advanced mobility and session management for multimedia services across heterogeneous access networks. However, sip-based handoff procedures suffer from delay and packet losses that hamper the user experience for delay-sensitive multimedia applications. In this paper we have attempted to perform a reality-check on the performance of such sip-based multimedia applications across the existing heterogeneous access network technologies by measuring delay, mean opinion score (MOS) and throughputs experienced, thus evaluating the user-experience. The paper presents the performance results obtained on a test-setup connected to a live operator network. Hence the results obtained are expected to be of value to the service providers to optimize their server settings to deliver optimum quality of service, to network providers to tune their access networks and to application developers to decide when to perform the handoff from one access network to the other to maintain the quality of experience for the user. The paper also proposes recommendation for minimizing the delays and optimizing the performance of sip-based streaming applications.

143

IEEE Network, 2004

We present a new way of capturing the future technical infrastructure of a converged fixed-mobile infrastructure by means of a four-tiered hierarchy of one fixed and three different mobile and wireless (access) layers. With such a view, the current range of heterogeneous interconnected public and private networks can be easily modelled as a landscape of pockets (the mobile/wireless networks) with various depths and widths, connected by a drainage of high capacity (the fixed network) in which marbles (information) find their way. The metaphor clearly illustrates that higher demand for mobility will increase the need for a densely distributed high-capacity fixed access network. It also shows the high potential of the relatively new concept of personal networking. In the light of this model, we describe crucial technologies for fixed-mobile convergence, such as handover, roaming, and gateways. Summarising, we believe that our contribution in this paper could prove to be a helpful guideline to the telecom industry both from a strategic and operational perspective.

2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2012

Network mobility (NEMO) protocols are required to maintain connectivity of ongoing sessions for mobile networks that can be formed in bus, train, aircrafts with a wide variety of on-board IP-enabled devices. However, basic NEMO suffers from large delay and packet loss and fails to ensure seamless handover. Multi-homed network mobility solutions can facilitate seamless handover of mobile networks by making use of multiple network interfaces of NEMO. Previous works have not evaluated and compared the performance of multi-homed network mobility protocols that work in two different layers: network layer and transport layer. In this work, we compare the performance of two multi-homed network mobility protocols that exploits makebefore-break strategy to ensure seamless handover for NEMO. Using experimental testbed, we have presented a detailed performance evaluation of these two multihomed NEMO protocols. Results demonstrate that transport layer-based mobility solution performs better than network layer-based protocol when the handing off between heterogeneous-capacity networks.