Mobile Augmented Reality

The global maritime sector, which carries 90% of the world's economy, is setting sail on a voyage of no return. With the widespread adoption of autonomous vessels by 2030, ship bridges will fall silent, and command will transition to algorithmic systems located remotely on shore. The cost of this technological earthquake is not just job displacement; it signifies a multi-billion-dollar economic restructuring and a deep crisis in the human psyche.

The Chronic Legal Deadlock: Traditional admiralty law—a millennia-old structure based on the Master's authority, fault, and negligence—is collapsing with the advent of autonomy. While international authorities struggle to define "Who is the Master?", existing systems are being forced to rewrite themselves under the principle of Strict Liability for Algorithmic Fault. The law is resisting, but the chaos created by AI threatens to paralyze insurance and liability mechanisms.

The Anatomy of the Human Crisis: Academic studies indicate that over 80% of workers in the maritime, legal, and logistics sectors require retraining. This mass transformation is triggering not only a demand for new skills but also identity loss, stress, and anxiety disorders related to the future. As humanity's physical bond with the vessel breaks, those who remain transition from competing with AI to becoming passive supervisors, monitoring the system.

The New Economic Hegemony: As labor-based theories lose relevance, value creation shifts to the Decentralized Ecosystem of Value (DEV) model: the core asset is not the ship itself, but the volume of data and network density the ship generates. While autonomy lowers OPEX by up to 20%, the technology oligopolies controlling the data network will become the new dominant powers of global logistics.

This article does not examine the future of the maritime industry, but the very moment control of our future world passes from man to machine.

Augmented Reality (AR) continues to generate interest as a pedagogical tool in contexts where English is a Foreign Language (EFL). However, its role in developing higher-order cognitive skills, such as inferencing, remains underexplored. This exploratory, mixed-methods study investigates whether AR can scaffold inference-making in advanced EFL learners. Forty-seven university students in XX were assigned to either a control group (CG) or an experimental group (EG). Both groups read Edgar Allan Poe's "The TellTale Heart" in digital format. The CG received a conventional inference-based comprehension lesson, while the EG engaged with two interactive AR scenes developed using the Onirix Studio platform. Pre-and post-tests assessed inferential comprehension, and qualitative data were gathered through open-ended responses. While the CG demonstrated modest post-test gains and the EG showed a slight decline, neither change reached statistical significance. Notably, qualitative findings revealed that a salient AR element-a ticking clock-likely prompted misinterpretation in the EG, disrupting symbolic reasoning and contributing to schema misalignment. However, some learners exhibited metacognitive insight suggestive of productive struggle. These results suggest that AR may hold untapped potential for developing metacognitive reflection and critical literacy. Directions for future research are outlined.

An AR-enhanced CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) unit for secondary EFL (English as a Foreign language) Science uses markerless, mobile AR to overlay 3D models and just-in-time English vocabulary on standard classroom tasks. The unit is preconfigured and runs on students' phones, supporting vocabulary and content acquisition in ordinary classrooms. The approach was evaluated in a classroom study where one section used AR and a parallel section used print materials.

This study explores the multifaceted role of music festivals as drivers of cultural, social, and economic development in the remote islands of the North Aegean, with a particular focus on Lesvos, Chios, and Lemnos. Through quantitative research conducted among visitors and permanent residents, the study examines the contribution of festivals to the shaping of cultural identity, the preservation of cultural heritage, and the strengthening of social cohesion. Additionally, it analyzes the impact of festivals on the islands' tourism dynamics and their role in stimulating the local economy. The study highlights music festivals as key agents of sustainable development, promoting local identity and social interaction in remote insular communities. Experimental results show that 78% of the participants recognize the important cultural value of music festivals for regional development.

This study explores the multifaceted role of music festivals as drivers of cultural, social, and economic development in the remote islands of the North Aegean, with a particular focus on Lesvos, Chios, and Lemnos. Through quantitative research conducted among visitors and permanent residents, the study examines the contribution of festivals to the shaping of cultural identity, the preservation of cultural heritage, and the strengthening of social cohesion. Additionally, it analyzes the impact of festivals on the islands' tourism dynamics and their role in stimulating the local economy. The study highlights music festivals as key agents of sustainable development, promoting local identity and social interaction in remote insular communities. Experimental results show that 78% of the participants recognize the important cultural value of music festivals for regional development.

Members of my family who understood my busy days. In particular, my wife and my parents. The Professors Ricardo Rabelo, Antonio Loureiro, Bruce Thomas and Mark Billinghurst for having patience with me and give me directions to conclude this work. The colleagues who spent some precious time and weekends contributing to the development. In particular, Thiago D'Angelo. To my friends who made my adaptation in Australia easier. There are too many people to cite here... All persons who imposed barriers and make this work harder. I became stronger learning with you. There are too many people to cite here...

Geometry is a very important field of mathematics which is crucial for the understanding of space. From an early age, children observe objects that correspond to geometric shapes and learn the position they occupy in space (above, below, etc.). It is a demanding lesson that requires imagination and combinational thought. With the introduction of technology in education, geometry became more accessible to students, because through it pupils can now visualize figures, study and process them. Keywords—ICTs, Geometry, special education, learning disabilities

Buhalis, D., Yin, A., Xu, F. 2025, Metaverse experiences in hospitality and tourism: blending virtuality and reality, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-01-2025-0068

Purpose-This viewpoint paper aims to provide a critical review of metaverse in hospitality and tourism. The paper reviews the mainstream definitions and characteristics of metaverse, and suggests the influence of metaverse on experiences in hospitality and tourism. Design/methodology/approach-The viewpoint paper adopts a conceptual and theoretical approach on metaverse, identifying different perspectives and key characteristics of metaverse through critical reviews and reflections. The study further analyzes the impact of metaverse on experiences in hospitality and tourism through reflective discussions. Findings-Present literature defines the metaverse from spatial, interactive and experiential perspectives. Immersion, illusion, replication to the real world, open and interoperable environment, use of avatars and gamification of activities were identified as the key characteristics of metaverse. The metaverse influenced experiences in hospitality and tourism in four fundamental ways: an immersive trial that reduce the uncertainty of experience; a spatial and temporal change with an immersive experience; a blended travel fusion of digital virtuality and physical reality; and a blurred boundary of before, during and after trip experience journey. Research limitations/implications-This paper identifies a set of theoretical and managerial implications to provide metaverse experiences in hospitality and tourism. Future studies could focus on empirical research studies including the experience design in the metaverse, as well as consumers' perceptions of metaverse experiences in hospitality and tourism. Originality/value-This study critically reviews the characteristics of metaverse and suggests how it might influence experiences in hospitality and tourism. The perspective of metaverse experiences in hospitality and tourism provides a solid understanding of metaverse research, advancing knowledge and practice in this field.

The maritime industry is undergoing a profound transformation driven by the integration of unmanned systems. What began as niche applications for military and scientific research is rapidly evolving into a mainstream operational model. This academic study provides an expert-level analysis of the status and future projections for the adoption of drones-encompassing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs)-in maritime operations. The analysis is structured around the three core pillars of this revolution: the technological landscape, the human-machine interface, and the essential governance and security frameworks. Current capabilities demonstrate a clear technological renaissance, with drones now capable of feats such as subsea rescues at 4,000-meter depths, real-time fire mapping, and precision structural inspections that reduce costs by over 90%. The global market for these technologies is experiencing rapid growth, with the autonomous aircraft market projected to reach USD 22.71 billion by 2030. However, this technological acceleration exists in a paradoxical state of friction with a slower-moving regulatory environment, characterized by fragmented laws and a lack of harmonized global standards. The human role is shifting from direct control to remote supervision, a transition that introduces a new set of complex challenges. The analysis of human factors reveals that the remote operator's cognitive load is significantly increased, and prolonged vigilance can lead to a "vigilance decrement," a sharp decline in attention and performance. While augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) offer promising solutions for enhancing situational awareness and mitigating the loss of physical feedback, their effectiveness is highly dependent on a nuanced interface design that avoids cognitive overload. A full-scale, safe integration beyond 2030 requires a new paradigm for governance and security. A critical gap exists between foundational certifications for aerial pilots and the complex, multi-layered requirements of the maritime domain. Cybersecurity, rated as the highest risk priority by global ports, must be approached as a "cyber-physical" threat, where a digital breach can have tangible, physical consequences. The adoption of a "Zero Trust" framework is not merely a best practice but a foundational necessity to secure the entire network, from the drone itself to the remote operations center. Based on a comprehensive synthesis of these findings, this academic study concludes with actionable recommendations for establishing operational protocols, designing a holistic training and certification program, and implementing a robust cybersecurity framework to ensure that the future of maritime autonomy is both efficient and resilient.

This study aimed to develop a learning management approach for social studies using problembased and community-based learning to enhance 21st-century skills among students in small schools. In addition, it sought to examine the satisfaction of teachers and students using this innovative learning approach. The research sample consisted of Grade 6 social study teachers. A questionnaire for basic information, an evaluation of how well the problem-based and community-based learning approaches in social studies were aligned, and a satisfaction survey for the instructional guide were used as research tools. We analysed the data using the mean, standard deviation, and concordance. The findings revealed the following: (1) We developed even learning management approaches for social studies using problem-based and community-based learning to enhance 21st-century skills among students in small schools. Experts evaluated all the developed approaches and found them to be highly appropriate, with an average rating of 5.00 and a standard deviation of 0.00. (2) Overall, teachers and students expressed high satisfaction with the developed learning-management approach. Teachers and students expressed the highest satisfaction with learning activities, followed by content, learning resources, and assessment and evaluation. Moreover, the developed learning management approach effectively promoted 21stcentury skills among students in small schools, particularly in the areas of life and career skills; learning and innovation skills; and information, media, and technology skills. Future research should expand the sample to include diverse school settings, and examine how digital tools and online platforms can support the scalability and accessibility of the model.

This study aimed to develop a learning management approach for social studies using problembased and community-based learning to enhance 21st-century skills among students in small schools. In addition, it sought to examine the satisfaction of teachers and students using this innovative learning approach. The research sample consisted of Grade 6 social study teachers. A questionnaire for basic information, an evaluation of how well the problem-based and community-based learning approaches in social studies were aligned, and a satisfaction survey for the instructional guide were used as research tools. We analysed the data using the mean, standard deviation, and concordance. The findings revealed the following: (1) We developed even learning management approaches for social studies using problem-based and community-based learning to enhance 21st-century skills among students in small schools. Experts evaluated all the developed approaches and found them to be highly appropriate, with an average rating of 5.00 and a standard deviation of 0.00. (2) Overall, teachers and students expressed high satisfaction with the developed learning-management approach. Teachers and students expressed the highest satisfaction with learning activities, followed by content, learning resources, and assessment and evaluation. Moreover, the developed learning management approach effectively promoted 21stcentury skills among students in small schools, particularly in the areas of life and career skills; learning and innovation skills; and information, media, and technology skills. Future research should expand the sample to include diverse school settings, and examine how digital tools and online platforms can support the scalability and accessibility of the model.

This paper is a result of a field application carried out in a public school in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece. We aimed at integrating an augmented reality application in the primary school curriculum. The role of Art Education in nowadays mostly has to do with specific tasks, traditional art methods and materials that will always have their place in the curriculum. Art education is a fundamental aspect of a well-rounded education. It goes beyond merely teaching artistic techniques; it instills valuable life skills, fosters creativity, and contributes to personal growth, cultural understanding, and societal enrichment. Digital technologies, especially in the post covid and postdigital era, have influenced both the education system in general and art didactics as well. The research question of the paper is how new technologies and applications are reinventing and reshaping art education. The use and the study of specific artworks is carried out in a way for the multisensory experi...

Practiced in earnest in the 20th Century, detrimental land use policies such as redlining, urban renewal, and subsequent highway construction have left a legacy of systemic disenfranchisement in various historically Black neighborhoods across the United States. This disenfranchisement has caused food deserts, environmental degradation, and unequal access to education and other civil systems. The research, Architectural Forensics and Regenerative Design: Archival Mapping of Disenfranchisement and Sustainable Futurities, seeks to leverage archival mapping, photography, articles, and policy documents as forensic evidence. The 3D modeling component will incorporate regenerative design strategies, including net-zero, passive, and appropriate technologies, while considering site climate data analysis and historical context. This practice-led approach culminates in an interactive AR deep map and subsequent architectural plans that can serve as referential tools for those seeking to rebuild these once-neglected places. The work aims to advocate for the sustainable futurity of each neighborhood by envisioning innovative solutions through informed design.

Long live the legacy of Nipsey Hussle. May this research serve as a valuable resource for community organizers, designers, and stakeholders working to restore and reimagine urban futures that are grounded in equity, healing, and dignity.

To access the AR component, please download the ARLoopa App on Google Play and use the Marker Scanner. Place your phone over the map in the paper to watch the model come to life.

As  digital  technologies  advance,  cybercrime  has  become  a  primary  global concern, posing threats to individuals and organisations. Despite widespread  Internet  use,  public  awareness  of  cybercrime  risks  is  still  limited,  emphasising  the  need  for  educational  initiatives.  The  lack  of  engaging educational tools for cybercrime awareness is due to outdated, overly  technical  approaches  that  fail  to  captivate  modern  audiences.  Limited investment and collaboration between cybersecurity experts and educational  designers  result  in  resources  that  are  not  as  appealing  or  user-friendly  as  they  could  be.  Therefore,  this  paper  introduces  SWINDLERT, an augmented reality (AR) game-based tool in a three-dimensional  (3D)  environmentdesigned  to  enhance  cybercrime  awareness and educate users on early prevention. It addresses three key issues:  (i)  carelessness  in  sharing  credentials,  (ii)  lack  of  cybercrime  prevention  literacy,  and  (iii)  low  student  engagement  in  traditional  lecture-based education. It has three main objectives: (i) to identify types of  cybersecurity  crime  prevention,  (ii)  to  develop  an  edutainment  AR  mobile  game with  3D  images,  and  (iii)  to  evaluate  functionality  and  security.  Using  Agile  methodology,  we  conduct  user  requirements  through  surveys  and  test  the  application  at  SK  Teluk  Ketapang,  Terengganu,  and  Universiti  Sains  Islam  Malaysia.  98%  agree  that  SWINDLERT  has  effectively  embedded  good  gamification  elements  such  as  levels,  scores  and  timers.Users  benefit  from  password  complexity, email verification, and the ability to retrieve their progress on  multiple  devices. The  game  features  three  levels:  beginner,  intermediate, and hard.  This approach blends immersive technology by integrating an AR quiz-based 3D snake and ladder board gamification to transform education, making learning engaging and enjoyable.

Emerging technologies for teaching and learning have made it possible to create environments, scenarios and virtual patients that simulate clinical practices in order to promote the development of skills and knowledge in healthcare education (Lewis et al., 2005; Hogan, Sabri, & Kapralos, 2007). These simulations are seen as educational techniques that bring interactivity and immersion into the learning process, allowing the recreation of clinical experiences without the risk of causing harm to patients (Maran & Glavin, 2003). Other known advantage is the possibility learners have to practice an unlimited number of times a procedure or technique until correct realization, before applying it in real-world scenarios (Rey et al., 2006).

In recent years, virtual reality (VR) technology has transformed various sectors, and tourism is no exception. Virtual reality tourism offers an innovative way for people to experience the world without actually leaving their homes. In this research, the "Cyber Isparta Youth Center" project, supported by the Western Mediterranean Development Agency, implemented by the Isparta Municipality and in partnership with the Isparta University of Applied Sciences, will be discussed in terms of education and tourism. Within the scope of the project, a virtual reality tour of the Cyber Isparta Youth Center was developed. The developmental research strategy, a variant of the design-based research method, was used. Cyber Isparta Youth Center has been modeled in the Unity Game Engine. A semi-structured interview was conducted to examine the effects of the virtual tour. Participant opinions were categorized into three primary groups based on the content analysis: tourism & usability, technological experience, and educational value.

This research investigates the use of augmented reality (AR) in enhancing artifact communication at the UUM Management Museum. The study aims to assess how AR can enrich interpretive narratives, offering visitors a more immersive and informative experience. By integrating AR into selected exhibits, the museum seeks to bridge the gap between static displays and dynamic storytelling, enabling visitors to engage with artifacts in new and meaningful ways. A qualitative-dominant mixed-methods approach was employed. Visitor observations and in-depth interviews served as the primary sources of data, providing contextual and experiential insights into how visitors interacted with the AR-enhanced exhibits. Structured observations documented interaction time, engagement levels, and usability challenges. Interviews were conducted with seven voluntary participants and analyzed thematically. To support and validate the qualitative findings, structured feedback surveys were administered to 60 randomly selected visitors and analyzed using SPSS. The findings indicate that AR not only captures attention but also deepens understanding, making the museum experience more interactive and educational. However, challenges such as technical complexities and varying levels of visitor technological proficiency were also identified. This study contributes to the growing discourse on digital innovation in museums and offers practical insights for cultural heritage institutions seeking to adopt AR for artifact communication.

Step into the future of education. "Learning in the Metaverse: Building Educational Worlds Without Limits" is not a glimpse of a distant dream it is a practical, essential guide for educators, administrators, and innovators ready to build that future today.
The digital revolution is reshaping every aspect of our lives, and the classroom is next. But this isn't about simply replacing chalkboards with screens. Award-winning educator and technologist Sayed Mahbub Hasan Amiri presents a powerful vision: the metaverse as the ultimate platform for experiential, collaborative, and profoundly human learning. This book moves beyond the hype to provide a clear-eyed, pedagogical framework for creating educational experiences that were once impossible.

Η εργασία αυτή εστιάζει στη χρήση φορητών συσκευών, όπως smartphones, tablets και laptops, στη
διδασκαλία μαθημάτων της δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης, με ανάλυση των απόψεων των καθηγητών
Θεωρητικής και Θετικής Κατεύθυνσης. Ο βασικός στόχος της εργασίας είναι να καταγραφούν οι απόψεις
των εκπαιδευτικών που διδάσκουν τα αντίστοιχα μαθήματα και να διερευνηθούν οι εμπειρίες και ο τρόπος
αξιοποίησης των φορητών συσκευών στην τάξη.
Η έρευνα που διεξάχθηκε χρησιμοποίησε μεθοδολογία ποιοτικής προσέγγισης και στο πλαίσιό της
διενεργήθηκαν συνεντεύξεις με 40 εκπαιδευτικούς (20 από κάθε κατεύθυνση) για να καταγραφούν οι
προσωπικές τους εμπειρίες και αντιλήψεις. Σύμφωνα με τους εκπαιδευτικούς που έλαβαν μέρος, η
ενσωμάτωση της τεχνολογίας μπορεί να ενισχύσει τη μάθηση, αυξάνοντας τη συμμετοχή και το ενδιαφέρον
των μαθητών. Οι εκπαιδευτικοί που δίδασκαν μαθήματα θετικής κατεύθυνσης, ανέφεραν ότι οι κινητές
συσκευές ήταν πιο ωφέλιμες λόγω της διαδραστικής φύσης τους σε σύγκριση με τους εκπαιδευτικούς
θεωρητικής, που ανέφεραν περισσότερο θέματα πρακτικότητας.
Τα ευρήματα θα μπορούσαν να αξιοποιηθούν για τη βελτίωση των πρακτικών ενσωμάτωσης
τεχνολογίας στα σχολεία και να συνεισφέρει στη χάραξη εκπαιδευτικής πολιτικής.

Digital infrastructure is rapidly evolving, yet the terminology and frameworks around how businesses and institutions represent themselves online remain fragmented. This paper introduces and defines the concept of "Webspace"-a new category that goes beyond traditional websites and social platforms to include immersive, web-native experiences. By analyzing limitations in current tools and proposing a conceptual foundation for Webspace, this research highlights how such digital spaces can shape visibility, engagement, and economic outcomes in the coming decade.

This study aimed to examine the impact of immersive experiences on Gen-Z in Indonesia and their repurchase intention of virtual heritage tours. Based on a recent suggestion to explore the effects of Mixed Reality on visitor experience, an e-questionnaire was distributed digitally through platforms such as WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok. Convenience sampling method was used to collect data from 128 respondents. The findings indicated that Gen-Z in Indonesia expressed an intention to repurchase virtual heritage tours after experiencing at least one high-quality tour. The quality of the virtual heritage tour was determined by its ability to create a virtual environment that mimics a real environment and stimulates users' physical senses, as well as the quality of its content. These two factors were found to be the most significant indicators of a successful virtual heritage tour. The findings have practical implications for heritage management, including the use of immer...

The rapid pace of urbanization worldwide has led to many challenges, from traffic congestion and air pollution to overconsumption of resources and social inequalities. In response to these pressing issues, and with the opportunity given by the two-year reconsideration of everyday life during the recent pandemic, the concept of the "15-Minute City" has emerged as a promising approach to urban development. This abstract explores the key principles and potential benefits of the 15-Minute City, where essential services and amenities are within a 15-minute walk or bike ride from one's home. This sustainable city development model envisions compact, mixed-use neighbourhoods that prioritize local living, active mobility, and community engagement. By significantly reducing the need for long commutes, the 15-Minute City holds the promise of reducing carbon emissions, traffic congestion, and energy consumption, all of which align with the European strategy towards a greener and more sustainable environment. This approach fosters a sense of place and belonging, promotes social cohesion, and enhances overall wellbeing. The 15-Minute City concept has gained traction in recent years, with numerous cities around the world embarking on pilot projects and policy changes to transform their urban landscapes. This paper highlights the strategies and principles that underpin the 15-Minute City specifically on Paris, France, including the creation of pedestrian-friendly environments, the diversification of land use, and the promotion of sustainable transportation options. Furthermore, the abstract explores the potential challenges and barriers that cities may encounter during the transition to this city model, such as infrastructure redevelopment, funding, and community buy-in. The 15-Minute City represents a bold vision for the future of sustainable urban development, one that aims to reshape our cities into healthier, more equitable, and environmentally friendly spaces for current and future generations.

Este documento apresenta o pacote ARToolKit, enfatizando a instalação e o uso. O ARToolKit é uma biblioteca em linguagem C que permite aos programadores desenvolver aplicações de Realidade Aumentada. Realidade Aumentada (RA) é a sobreposição de imagens virtuais de computação gráfica sobre cenas do mundo real. Esse modelo de interface tem mostrado potencial para muitas aplicações em pesquisa industrial e acadêmica. Nos tutoriais do ARToolKit , os autores encorajam os leitores a enviar comentários e questões sobre o ARToolKit e relatos de erros e falhas para Hirokazu Kato

Companies selling electronic items face the challenge of adapting to the rapidly shifting landscape of customer expectations in the digital era. This chapter, presented by the authors, delves deeply into the integration of pioneering metaverse concepts within omnichannel strategies specific to the electronics domain. As a transformative force, the metaverse redefines the traditional paradigms of promotion, sale, and customer experience, answering the burgeoning demand for immersive and personalized shopping journeys. The authors extensively explore the potential and application of groundbreaking technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). Emphasis is given to how the metaverse can seamlessly enhance online shopping platforms, in-store interactions, and proactive customer service initiatives. Furthermore, the chapter illuminates the broad-ranging impact of the metaverse on the retail sector, shedding light on intricate facets such as data-driven insights, requisite infrastructure evolution, and paramount privacy considerations.

Tujuan dari penelitian adalah merancang suatu aplikasi Kios Informasi berbasiskan multimedia yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pihak pengguna baik internak maupun eksternal mengenai lokasi dari tiap tipe rumah, spesifikasi dari bahan bangunan, ukuran dari tiap ruangan, dan status available dari Green Mansion. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode analisis dan metode perancangan. Analisis dilakukan dengan mengamati sistem yang sedang berjalan dan menganalisis kebutuhan pengguna sistem melalui studi pustaka. Metode perancangan yang dilakukan pada perancangan, struktur menu, State Transition Diagram, spesifikasi proses, dan rancangan layar. Hasil yang dicapai adalah sebuah aplikasi Kios Informasi yang memuat semua informasi yang berkaitan dengan lokasi rumah dan juga berbagai informasi dari berbagai fasilitas yang disediakan sebagai pendukung. Pada akhirnya dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan adanya Kios Informasi ini dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna baik informasi lokasi tiap tipe rumah, spesifikasi bangunan, fasilitas yang disediakan dan juga promo-promo yang di selenggarakan. Sehingga informasi mengenai perumahan dapat diterima secara luas dengan sasaran para calon konsumen.

Many people view their mobile device as an extension of themselves because mobile devices have become so personalised. Over the past ten years, there has been ample documentation of the exponential development in the use of digital technologies and the accessibility of mobile software applications (apps). The literature on the use of mobile technology in higher education shows that rather than how mobile applications may be utilised for either teaching or the research process, there is a growing focus on how mobile devices are used within the classroom setting, both physically and virtually. The purpose of this paper was to elaborate the mobile app and its specific features, mobile app and its use of library users,

** Open Access ** Digital eXtended Reality technologies enable users to view and interact with spaces and objects in three dimensions (3D), thus supporting a variety of potential innovative embodied applications in archaeology. Here, we review the Apple Vision Pro as a Mixed/Augmented Reality (MR/AR) headset to determine where it might fit within current archaeological practice. Our interest in this device spans primary field data collection, in situ visual–spatial interpretation, and public education and tourism. Overall, we find that although it makes certain advances on prior eXtended Reality hardware, it does not yet represent a significant enough shift forward to have a major impact on archaeology. However, we do plan to continue our field experiments with this technology to push its limits and to prepare for future improvements to this product and its competitors.

A avaliação de objetos de aprendizagem (OA) que buscam apoiar o processo de alfabetização se faz mais que necessária no contexto tecnológico atual, pois atividades mais tradicionais como exercícios de repetição nem sempre conseguem manter a atenção dos alunos, o que gera desmotivação durante esse processo. Neste artigo é apresentado o “Embaralhado”, um OA personalizável para a plataforma Android desenvolvido com o objetivo de auxiliar o processo de alfabetização de maneira lúdica. São apresentados dados relativos a uma avaliação por meio de observação direta de alunos inseridos no processo de alfabetização. Além disso, são apresentados resultados de uma avaliação que considerou o nível de satisfação e aceitabilidade do "Embaralhado" por parte de professores e pais/responsáveis. De maneira geral, pelas avaliações realizadas foi possível identificar no aplicativo aspectos técnicos positivos como: robustez, estabilidade, adaptabilidade de acordo com as necessidades de cada us...

The paper aims to illustrate the broad applications and benefits of AR technology while also acknowledging the challenges that come with its implementation, particularly in the educational context. The initial section outlines the potential applications of AR technology in architecture, medicine and military. Moreover, areas such as marketing, social networks, entertainment, gaming, travel and tourism stand to benefit significantly from the integration of AR technology. In the subsequent section, this type of technology is expounded as an effective medium for learning and teaching, facilitating mobile learning, independent learning, digital literacy skills, as well as innovative teaching methodology. Lastly, educators are reminded of the challenges, that they may encounter during the incorporation of AR technology into their teaching practices. These limitations can be mainly related with internet connection, availability of mobile devices, students’ distraction of attention, and cognitive overload.

The relationship between people and their avatars in computer-generated environments remains a puzzling matter, especially when harm to an avatar negatively affects the person possessing the avatar. Drawing on the theories of digital equivalence, we highlight the unprecedented development of the metaverse and illustrate the evolution of self-presence in that digital sphere. We then use Lawrence Lessig’s New Chicago School model to analyse how self-presence in the metaverse is regulated by technology, social norms, market forces and the law. While the independent and joint effects of these regulatory factors are constantly evolving, they all play distinct and important roles in shaping self-presence in the metaverse.

This paper proposes a multidimensional framework for Metaverse Identity, addressing its definition, guiding principles, and critical challenges. Metaverse Identity is conceptualized as a user's digital self, encompassing personal attributes, data footprints, social roles, and economic elements. To elucidate its core characteristics and implications, this framework introduces two guiding principles: Equivalence and Alignment and Fusion and Expansiveness. The first principle advocates for consistency between metaverse and real-world identities in behavioral norms and social standards, ensuring rights protection and establishing conduct guidelines. The second emphasizes the deep integration and transformative evolution of metaverse identities, enabling them to transcend real-world constraints, meet diverse needs, and foster inclusivity. Together, two principles serve as complementary pillars, balancing ethical integration with dynamic co-evolution. Building on this foundation, the study identifies five critical challenges: interoperability, legal boundaries, privacy and identity management, risks from deepfakes and synthetic identities, and identity fragmentation impacting psychological well-being. To address these challenges, strategic recommendations are offered to guide stakeholders. By constructing this framework, the study fills a key theoretical gap, advances systematic research, and provides a foundation for policies and governance strategies to address the complexities of metaverse identities in a rapidly evolving digital domain.

Game based mobile learning is becoming increasingly popular, now that mobile devices provide support for multimedia content, location awareness, augmented reality and connectivity. However just having technical features does not make a game either engaging or pedagogical. The challenge for designers of games for mobile learning is to embed both effective gaming experiences and worthwhile learning outcomes into the same application. The game described and discussed in this paper was designed as an augmented reality game for two players. The narrative action follows a classic linear fiction model, whereby the game's phases move through teaser, elaboration, conflict escalation, climax and resolution. This narrative path is reflected by a physical path as players navigate the location and investigate the problem they have to solve.

Food chain is one of the fundamental concepts in the ecological biology which describing feeding relationship between organism categories in a food web in order to gain nutrients and energy. The categories have several levels; producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer and decomposer. Teaching theoretical biology concept can be difficult for teacher. Conventional methods such as lecturing even with pictures often unsuccessful to engage student attention. Hence, the teaching and learning process failed to reach the goal which is transferring information from teacher to students. To increase interest and understanding of every process that occurs in this food chain cycle, an application using augmented reality technology is developed. Augmented reality is a technology in the field of multimedia that allows users to visualize the two-dimensional or three-dimensional of virtual objects as part of a realworld environment. The visualization of augmented reality will...

Research has provided evidence that augmented reality (AR) can be an effective tool to improve teaching and learning across multiple domains. Research is limited, however, in several key areas related to AR. For instance, motivation and situational interest are critical to student learning outcomes. However, little is known about the relationship between the two constructs and AR, particularly for AR that leverages location-based triggers. This study addressed this need by analyzing data from participants who used an application that delivers location-based, instructional AR content about the tragic shootings that occurred on May 4th, 1970, at Kent State University. Data findings showed significant decreases in motivation, but significant growth in situational interest and content knowledge. Implications for development of future location-based AR applications are discussed.

Il credito d'imposta è un contributo a tutti gli effetti, a differenza dei contributi diretti, il credito non viene erogato dallo stato all'azienda, bensì l'azienda utilizza la somma definita per compensare tutto ciò che deve allo Stato (imposte, tasse, iva, contributi ecc.). Il credito d'imposta è un particolare tipo di "contributo a fondo perduto" tuttavia non è lo stato a versare il contributo nel conto dell'impresa, ma è quest'ultima che si vede applicato uno "sconto" sulla cifra da pagare all'erario. Maggiore è la spesa, maggiore sarà lo sconto che l'impresa potrà utilizzare per i pagamenti futuri.  Tra i crediti d'imposta maggiormente interessanti spicca quello dedicato alle attività di ricerca e sviluppo, innovazione e design, una misura finalizzata ad incentivare gli investimenti per affrontare le sfide del progresso delle imprese italiane. Introdotta nel 2013 è stata rivisitata nel 2021 e si caratterizza per una rapida possibilità di fruizione da parte dei beneficiari e per una modalità semplificata di gestione degli adempimenti.  prof. ing.

This study aims to develop and identify the effect of SMART-P training on parenting knowledge and children's cognitive development. This research is included as Mix Method research with an ADDIE development model and experimental quantitative research approach. The research method used is explanatory research with a non-equivalent control group design research involving the control and experimental classes. This research is carried out for three weeks, with the stages covering: analysis, design, development, research instrument development, implementation, and evaluation. The population in this study are 714 parents with children aged four years from posyandu/KB in five sub-districts of Malang City, with a research sample of 150 parents with children aged four years and six experts. Data collection techniques in this study used questionnaires and observation checklists. Data analysis in this study used descriptive percentage analysis and SPSS analysis. The results show that 1) S...

Implementing Augmented Reality (AR) in Early Childhood Education (PAUD) promises children an interactive and immersive learning experience. In this study, we evaluate the potential of AR in improving the quality of early childhood education. AR can help PAUD educators create a more engaging learning environment where children can learn through games that support the development of motor skills and conceptual understanding. However, challenges such as access to technology, adequate teacher training, and appropriate curriculum planning need to be addressed. Policy support, comprehensive teacher training, and selecting the proper AR application are critical factors in implementing AR in PAUD. This technology has great potential to change how children learn and better prepare them for the future.

Purpose Financial literacy skills are crucial for an independent life in modern societies. However, it does not appear that researchers have examined financial literacy skills among autistic individuals. This manuscript uses a systematic review to identify existing research which examines financial literacy skill instruction for autistic individuals. Method We used a systematic review strategy to identify approximately 9500 articles. These articles proceeded through abstract and full-text screening for relevance. Results We identified two studies which directly taught financial literacy skills, and ten more which taught more basic money skills (such as calculating change). Neither of the two studies which taught financial literacy skills did so as an exclusive focus; both taught these skills alongside other objectives, as part of a larger intervention. Conclusions Research on financial literacy skill instruction among autistic individuals is lacking, though there is a foundation of research examining money skills and related life skills to build upon. We recommend additional research on financial literacy skill instruction, ideally designed with the unique skills and needs of autistic individuals in mind, and with their input.

This paper provided a systematic review of previous Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) studies on language learning. A total of 88 articles were selected and analyzed from five perspectives: their ways of integrating AR or VR tools in language learning; main users of AR and VR technologies; major research findings; why AR and VR tools are effective in promoting language learning; and the implications. It was found that (1) immersing learners into virtual worlds is the main approach to language learning in AR and VR studies; (2) university students were the main users of AR/VR technologies; (3) the major research findings concerning the benefits of AR and VR included improvement of students' learning outcomes, enhancement of motivation, and positive perceptions towards using AR and VR; (4) AR and VR tools promoted language learning through providing immersive learning experience, enhancing motivation, creating interaction, and reducing learning anxiety; and (5) implications identified from previous research include the need of providing training for teachers, enlarging sample sizes, and exploring learner factors such as learner engagement and satisfaction.

In the ever-evolving world of smartphones, one viral rumor recently caught the attention of tech lovers worldwide: the so-called Nokia transparent smartphone. It's sleek, stunning, and screams sci-fi. But is it real? Or just another concept fantasy that blew up on the internet? Let's unpack the hype, the history, and the truth behind the transparent Nokia concept device that has everyone talking.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the interaction mode on users' wayfinding performance. Both the dynamic peephole (DP) and static peephole (SP) interaction modes were examined. Sixty users were divided into two groups, where users in one group had previous experiences of mobile wayfinding (i.e., experienced users) while those in the other group did not (i.e., inexperienced users). The experiment was a 2 Â 2 withinsubjects design. All of the participants were invited to complete four wayfinding tasks, and the system usability scale (SUS) questionnaire was also adopted. The results show that adopting a dynamic peephole is superior to a static peephole for perceptual wayfinding tasks. Interaction mode and user experience did not significantly affect wayfinding performance in general. Moreover, dynamic peephole gained a higher SUS score.

The current IT and digital technologies such as Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) enable the overlap of digital and real world information in relation with a topic, in an engaging and efficient manner, and therefore can be used to store intangible heritage and to study it in the context as well. The current paper refers to such an augmentation of cultural information, performed at the Kallatis site, whose ruins, at present mostly covered by the modern town, do not offer sufficient information on the complexity of the Greek civilization. The implementation of a MAR application consisted in defining several points of interest of the important local archaeologic discoveries, which can trigger, for the visitors using our application, an augmentation of the historical site with images and videos. With the current research work, the authors propose and demonstrate that a mobile MAR application can constitute a modern method for providing visitors with an immersive and holistic experience for...

Immersive visualisations, that enable spatial, embodied exploration (e.g., XR and physicalisations), have the potential to increase user engagement with data representations. However, which mode of representation offers a higher engagement, and how does the user experience differ? Our work compares a physicalisation to a mobile AR representation of energy consumption sources and CO 2 emissions. In a counterbalanced study with 16 participants, we found no significant differences in perceived user engagement, except for higher scores in "perceived usability". The physicalisation was considered 'real' and intuitive, the AR representation technical and precise. Most participants preferred the physicalisation and felt more 'connected' with it. We also analysed patterns of how people moved around the representations, and found no differences between conditions. Despite people being able to touch the physicalisation, this was barely made use of-thereby turning both conditions into visual exploration. We discuss what rationale participants provided for barely touching and discuss implications.

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, was sich an den Gesichtern von Lesenden über den Prozess und die kulturelle Praktik des Lesens sowie deren jeweilige historische und mediale Konkretisationen und Inszenierungen erkennen lässt. Im Zentrum stehen dabei die visualisierten Leser*innenreaktionen auf die Bestsellerromane der US-Autorin Colleen Hoover in den Kurzvideos auf der Plattform TikTok. Darin zeigen sich bemerkenswerte Parallelen zwischen den aktuellen Formen des Digital Social Reading und der historischen Lesekultur der Empfindsamkeit.

Cultural and heritage tourism is an important source of income for
many regions around the world, including Colombia. However, it often faces a series of challenges that hinder its development and success. In the Cesar department of Colombia, the lack of updated information and effective management of tourism infrastructure have limited the potential of cultural and heritage tourism in the region. Tourists often do not have access to detailed information about places of interest, such as the history behind them and available activities. This makes travel planning difficult and reduces the quality of the tourist experience. To address these issues, the implementation of a cloud-based service architecture has been proposed to boost cultural and heritage tourism in the Cesar department. This architecture focuses on enhancing the tourist experience by providing updated and personalized information about tourist sites, allowing tour reservations, and facilitating the management of tourism infrastructure. The application called Enamorate del Cesar allows centralized and real-time management of tourist sites, which improves the quality of the tourist experience and reduceswaiting times.Additionally, the architecture provides access to detailed and personalized information about tourist sites, which facilitates travel planning and improves tourist satisfaction.

Amazon offers spot instances to cloud customers using an auction-like mechanism. These instances are dynamically priced and offered at a lower price with less guarantee of availability. Observing the popularity of Amazon spot instances among the cloud users, research has intensified on defining the users' and providers' behavior in the spot market. This work presents an exhaustive survey of spot pricing in cloud ecosystem. An insight into the Amazon spot instances and its pricing mechanism has been presented for better understanding of the spot ecosystem. Spot pricing and resource provisioning problem, modeled as a market mechanism, is discussed from both computational and economics perspective. A significant amount of important research papers related to price prediction and modeling, spot resource provisioning, bidding strategy designing etc. are summarized and categorized to evaluate the state of the art in the context. All theoretical frameworks, developed for cloud spot market, are illustrated and compared in terms of the techniques and their findings. Finally, research gaps are identified and various economic and computational challenges in cloud spot ecosystem are discussed as a guide to the future research.