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Medicalization of Suffering

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lightbulbAbout this topic
The medicalization of suffering refers to the process by which human experiences of pain, distress, or emotional turmoil are defined and treated as medical issues, often leading to the application of medical interventions and the framing of these experiences within a biomedical context.
lightbulbAbout this topic
The medicalization of suffering refers to the process by which human experiences of pain, distress, or emotional turmoil are defined and treated as medical issues, often leading to the application of medical interventions and the framing of these experiences within a biomedical context.

Key research themes

1. How does medicalization shape the experience and societal understanding of suffering, especially in contexts of pain and illness?

This research theme investigates the processes by which medical knowledge and practices extend their influence onto aspects of human suffering — particularly pain, illness, and psychosocial distress — reframing them as medical issues. Such medicalization affects not only diagnosis and treatment but also cultural perceptions of suffering and the boundaries between normal variation and pathology. Understanding these dynamics is critical to evaluating the ethical, social, and therapeutic consequences of medicalizing suffering and to discerning when medicalization is appropriate or excessive.

Key finding: Develops pragmatic criteria differentiating legitimate medicalization from over-medicalization, emphasizing that while medicalization can validate and treat suffering, over-medicalization risks unnecessary interventions and... Read more
Key finding: Critically reassesses the conceptual breadth of medicalization and defends its continued analytical relevance against critiques. This paper argues that medicalization is multi-dimensional and bidirectional, varying in degree... Read more
Key finding: Examines medicalization as an evolving social process that increasingly intersects with moralization and misinformation, illustrating how medical framing of suffering and illness functions in contemporary society to shape... Read more
Key finding: Through psychoanalytic theory and qualitative analysis, it links medicalization to the proliferation of psychiatric diagnoses and medication use in childhood suffering, framing this as a transformation of care practices. The... Read more
Key finding: Analyzes patient adverse drug reaction reports related to antidepressant treatment to reveal tensions within the medicalization of depression and its classification as a public health problem. It finds risks of overdiagnosis... Read more

2. What are the psychological and existential dimensions of suffering beyond its medical conceptualization, and how can relational and spiritual frameworks inform its understanding and alleviation?

This theme centers on the subjective experience of suffering as encompassing more than biomedical symptoms, involving cognitive, emotional, existential, and relational factors. It explores frameworks that challenge purely medical or reductionist views, emphasizing the importance of interpersonal relations, spirituality, and meaning in responding to suffering. The works within this cluster contribute insights from philosophy, theology, religion, psychology, and ethics, showing how these perspectives can enrich understanding and inspire holistic responses to suffering in clinical and social contexts.

Key finding: Proposes an ontological model of suffering and healing grounded in Buddhist and Christian theological wisdom combined with contemplative self-reflection. This model situates suffering as a complex, dynamic process mediated by... Read more
Key finding: Articulates how Martin Buber’s philosophy of relationality offers a framework for understanding suffering at individual, community, and dyadic therapeutic levels. Buber’s concept of dialogical presence counters alienation... Read more
Key finding: Critically examines empirical palliative care literature on suffering, emphasizing Cassell’s concept of suffering as a threat to personhood that involves cognitive appraisal and meaningful interpretation. The paper argues for... Read more
Key finding: Discusses how severity functions ethically in qualifying malady and suffering, clarifying that not all suffering morally demands equal attention and that severity shapes the strength of moral claims for care or intervention.... Read more

3. What are the legal, ethical, and therapeutic challenges of pain management and end-of-life care in the context of suffering?

This research theme addresses the intersection of medical ethics, law, and clinical practices in managing suffering caused by pain and terminal illness. It investigates permissible therapeutic approaches, ethical responsibilities of clinicians, patient rights, and the moral dilemmas posed by interventions with potentially life-shortening side effects. Understanding these aspects is crucial for designing care systems that respect patient autonomy, uphold justice, and balance pain relief against risks, especially in palliative contexts.

Key finding: Analyzes Jewish medical ethics perspectives on aggressive pain control in terminal patients, demonstrating a broad consensus endorsing such treatment even with potential life-shortening side effects, grounded in the biblical... Read more
Key finding: Synthesizes the legal status of pain management as a fundamental human right alongside its ethical imperatives and challenges faced by healthcare systems. It emphasizes clinicians’ duties to alleviate pain while considering... Read more
Key finding: Employs decision tree models to empirically differentiate pain intensity, unpleasantness, and pain-related suffering, revealing that psychological traits (e.g., fear of pain, coping strategies) and contextual factors... Read more

All papers in Medicalization of Suffering

In our response to the reviews of our book we focus on five points of criticism: the presumed lack of a central question and an overall explanatory framework; the argument that the work is not a synthesis; the problem of the interplay... more
Dementia paralytica in de Nederlandse psychiatrie (1870-1920) * Cadaver brains and excesses in Baccho and Venere. Dementia paralytica in Dutch psychiatry (1870-1920) This article deals with Dutch psychiatry's involvement with dementia... more
Recent onderzoek wees op het feit dat dwang een relationeel fenomeen is. Nochtans blijft het onduidelijk hoe we deze intersubjectieve context moeten begrijpen. Het doel van deze studie is om een relationeel model van dwang op te stellen*.... more
Enige tijd geleden vroeg een bezorgde moeder naar mijn mening over het functioneren van haar zesjarig zoontje. Kort daarvoor was er op school een eerste oudercontact geweest, waarbij de leerkracht van het eerste leerjaar het gesprek... more
The medicalization is a progressive phenomenon characteristic of contemporary society. The purpose of this article is to critically analyze the foundations of the disease model based on the biomedical perspective that justifies diagnosing... more
Alle rechten voorbehouden. Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden verveelvoudigd, opgeslagen in een geautomatiseerd gegevensbestand, of openbaar gemaakt, in enige vorm of op enige wijze, hetzij elektronisch, mechanisch, door fotokopieën of... more
Transculturele psychiatrie en psychotherapie op het tiende wereldcongres psychiatrie, 23 tot 28 augustus 1996 in Madrid (Spanje) Hans Rohlof (*) HANS ROHLOF is psychiater bij Pharos, steunpunt gezondheidszorg vluchtelingen te Amsterdam en... more
RP (red) (1989) The limits of biological treatments for psychological distress.
Thirty years ago, medicine advertising offered tlie ad.-writer his greatest opportunity, h formed the supreme test of his skill. Medicines were worthless merchandise until a demand was created. They could not well be inventoried on the... more
The relationship between muscle strength and bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) is supposed from the assumption of the mechanical stress influence on bone tissue metabolism. However, the direct relationship is not... more
en Rinie van Est (red.), Leven als bouwpakket-Ethisch verkennen van een nieuwe technologische golf. Den Haag, Rathenau Instituut .
Voor het eerst is er nu een neutraal boek over alternatief genezen dat het fenomeen niet de lucht in prijst, noch verketterd, maar de waarde en betekenis ervan voor de moderne samenleving verkent en de kwesties eromheen uitlegt
Laura Batstra (1973) is afgestudeerd in de Psychologie en gepromoveerd in de Medische Wetenschappen. Ze werkt momenteel als Universitair Hoofddocent bij de Faculteit Gedrags-en Maatschappij Wetenschappen van de Rijksuniversiteit... more
Drenthe en slachtofferschap. Korte verhalen.
The integrated model of mental health recommends nowadays the collaboration between psychiatrists, psychotherapists and clinical psychologists. It is currently the agreed model in the managed health care system in the West and research... more
zijn allen masterstudent Zorgethiek en Beleid aan de Universiteit voor Humanistiek te Utrecht.
General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide... more
El mercado global farmaceutico ha provocado en la actualidad una actitud distinta frente a la enfermedad. Medicos, enfermeros y terapeutas alopatas son hoy “ofertantes”, mientras sus pacientes se han convertido en “usuarios”, consumidores... more
Este trabalho teve como objetivo revisar a produção científica brasileira sobre medicalização no âmbito da educação. Foi realizada uma busca sistemática na literatura brasileira com as palavras-chave patologização da vida, a medicalização... more
The mission of the Cochrane Collaboration, established in 1993, was to systematically review medical evidence with a view to producing the best quality and trustworthy evidence. Twentyfive years later, it is in a crisis that centres on... more
Ik werk vooral in de groepspraktijk in Brugge en tot voor kort ook in WestZeeuwsVlaanderen. Tot voor kort verving ik nog in een PAAZ, samen met mijn collega’s uit de groepspraktijk. Vroeger werkte ik in verscheidene psychiatrische... more
Als leden van de deelredactie van het TBV-themanummer over de DSM-5 (december 2015) willen wij reageren op het hiervoor geplaatste artikel van Marinus Vermeulen en Els van der Linden.
MiPlaza is het Microsystems Plaza – divisie van Philips Research – geves-tigd op de High Tech Campus in Eindhoven. Het is actief in microsys-teemtechnologie, nanotechnolo gie, levenswetenschappen, elektronische systemen en meet-en analyse... more
Attention has been theorized to play a key role in the experience of pain and associated task interference. Training attention away from pain via attention bias modification (ABM) training techniques has been proposed to improve... more
Dokters en andere hulpverleners die de beschrijving van een Wernicke-syndroom in de gangbare leerboeken bestuderen, krijgen gemakkelijk de indruk dat de typische combinatie van loopstoornissen, oogbewegingsstoornissen en psychische... more
Background Identifying pain-related response patterns and understanding functional mechanisms of symptom formation and recovery are important for improving treatment. Objectives We aimed to replicate pain-related avoidance-endurance... more
De snelle ontwikkelingen in het genomicsonderzoek leiden tot hoge verwachtingen ten aanzien van nieuwe toepassingen in de gezondheidszorg. Om voor-en nadelen van genetische screening te kunnen afwegen wordt gebruik gemaakt van criteria... more
and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of... more
Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto que ejerce adicionar harina de carne en bloques multinutricionales (BMN) sobre la digestibilidad y el consumo voluntario de las diversas fracciones de la racion, se realizo un ensayo, utilizandose un... more
Conference presentation at the AAA Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association in San Jose, USA; November 14-18, 2018
De snelle ontwikkelingen in het genomicsonderzoek leiden tot hoge verwachtingen ten aanzien van nieuwe toepassingen in de gezondheidszorg. Om voor-en nadelen van genetische screening te kunnen afwegen wordt gebruik gemaakt van criteria... more
One of the essential qualities of the clinician is interest in humanity, for the secret of the care of the patient is in caring for the patient.
This paper is an analysis of three elements of which depression as the primary target of current Western psychiatry and mental health care is made: the quest of psychiatrists to identify a depressive disease proper; the category of... more
The integrated model of mental health recommends nowadays the collaboration between psychiatrists, psychotherapists and clinical psychologists. It is currently the agreed model in the managed health care system in the West and research... more
um crescente número de crianças no Brasil está sujeita à prática terapêutica da medicalização excessiva. Isto tem levado a diferentes comportamentos e dificuldades, especialmente aqueles relacionados à escola, tidas como doenças,... more
Previous psychophysiological research suggests that pain measurement needs to go beyond the assessment of Pain Intensity and Unpleasantness by adding the evaluation of Pain-Related Suffering. Based on this three-dimensional approach, we... more
Mental health and mental disorder represent two different areas of theory, research, and policy implications, reflecting our tendency to dichotomize healthy and sick, normal and abnormal, and sane and insane. David Mechanic (2006) has... more
Achtergrond: De stijgende leeftijd in combinatie met het stijgende aandeel ouderen leidt tot een toename in het aantal chronische ziekten onder ouderen. Hierdoor neemt ook het medicijngebruik onder ouderen toe, wat kan leiden tot... more
Purpose: To determine through a literature review, the current status of patients' involvement in adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reporting. Methods: Eighteen (18) studies which were published within the period from 2010 to 2016 were... more
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